Table of Contents

Kuzindikira zoyenera zanu zachiŵeniŵeni pantchito nkofunika kutsimikizira kuchitiridwa bwino ndi kutetezeredwa pansi pa lamulo. Kuyenera kumeneku kumathandizira kuletsa tsankho, kuvutitsa, ndi ntchito yosalungama pamene mukukhazikitsa maziko a kulingana ndi chilungamo pantchito. Kaya muli wantchito watsopano woloŵa ntchito kapena katswiri wodziŵa zimene lamulo lingakupatseni mphamvu yolimbanirani ndi kufunafuna chilungamo pamene mufunikira. Wotsogolera wodziŵa bwino zinthu ameneyu amafufuza ufulu wa anthu pantchito, kuchokera ku zitetezero za boma ku malamulo a boma alamulo, ndipo akupereka chidziŵitso chothandiza ponena za mmene mungagwiritsirire ntchito ndi kutetezera ufulu wofunika umenewu.

Maziko a Ufulu wa Anthu Ogwira Ntchito

Zikalata za Ufulu wa Chigawo cha Chigawo cha 1964 zimaletsa tsankho la ntchito lozikidwa pa fuko, mtundu, chipembedzo, kugonana ndi dziko, kukhazikitsa maziko a chitetezo chamakono cha ufulu wa anthu pantchito. Zida VII zimagwira ntchito kwa olemba ntchito m’magawo a anthu wamba ndi a anthu onse omwe ali ndi antchito 15 kapena kuposapo, ndiponso zimafikiranso ku mabungwe a boma, mabungwe a ntchito, ndi mabungwe a antchito.

Cholinga cha kampani ya Theodore VII n’kuchepetsa malo oseŵera mwa kuuza abwana kuti aganizire cholinga chokha, mfundo zokhudza ntchito posankha ntchito. Mfundo yofunika imeneyi imatsimikizira kuti mungathe, mukhoza, ndi kuchita bwino zinthu.

Mutu wa VII umaletsa tsankho m’njira zonse ndi mikhalidwe ya ntchito, kuphatikizapo kulembetsa, kulemba ntchito, kulipira, kulipira, kukwezedwa, mwaŵi wa kupita patsogolo, maphunziro, ntchito, ndi kuchotsedwa kwa ntchito. Kupenda kolongosoledwa kokwanira kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti kutetezeredwa kwa zoyenera za anthu kumadalirana kwanu kwa ntchito, kuchokera ku kufunsira ntchito koyamba kufikira tsiku lanu lomaliza la ntchito ngakhale kupyola.

Makalasi Otetezeredwa mu Lamulo la Maboma

Kumvetsa malamulo oletsa kusankhana ntchito kumathandiza kuzindikira kuti ufulu wanu wapotozedwa ndiponso kuti ndi mankhwala otani amene alipo.

Fuko ndi Mawonekedwe

Zigawo za VII zimaletsa tsankho la ntchito lozikidwa pa fuko, kuphatikizapo mtundu, mtundu, kapena mtundu, ndipo zimenezi zimaphatikizapo tsankho lozikidwa pa kuyanjana ndi munthu wa fuko lina, limodzinso ndi tsankho lozikidwa pa mtundu wa khungu kapena fuko, ngakhale pakati pa anthu a fuko limodzimodzi.

Tsankho la fuko lingaonekere m’zochitika zosiyanasiyana za ntchito, kuphatikizapo zosankha za ntchito zimene zimakomera magulu ena a mafuko, kukweza machitachita ochititsa anthu olembedwa ntchito kukhala a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kapena ntchito zimene amatumidwa kugwira ntchito chifukwa cha fuko. lamulolo limaletsa ponse paŵiri tsankho lopambanitsa ndi machitachita ochenjera amene ali ndi chiyambukiro cha upandu.

Chipembedzo

Dzina la VII limatetezera anthu amene ali m’zipembedzo zamwambo, zolinganizidwa (mwachitsanzo, Chibuda, Chihindu, Chisilamu, ndi Chiyuda) komanso anthu ena amene agwirizana ndi chipembedzo, chikhalidwe, kapena zikhulupiriro za makhalidwe abwino, ngakhale ngati zikhulupirirozo zangolandiridwa kumene, osati zoonedwa nthaŵi zonse, kapena zosiyana ndi zikhulupiriro za chipembedzo cha munthu. Chitetezero chochuluka chimenechi chimatsimikizira kuti miyambo ndi zikhulupiriro zosiyanasiyana zachipembedzo zimalandira ulemu wofanana kuntchito.

Dzina la VII limakakamizanso olemba ntchito kulandira antchito awo moyenerera, monga masamba a phwando lachipembedzo kapena machitachita, ndipo bwana angatsutse malo okhala amene amavutitsa malonda a bwana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti olemba ntchito ayenera kupanga zoyesayesa zabwino za chikhulupiriro kuti alandire machitachita anu achipembedzo pokhapo ngati kuchita zimenezo kungabweretse mavuto aakulu kapena ndalama pa bizinesiyo.

Kugonana, Kusonyeza Uchiŵanda, ndi Kugonana

Zigawo zisanu za mutu wa nkhani ya VII zimatchula magulu ofunika kwambiri otetezeredwa: fuko, maonekedwe, chipembedzo, kugonana (kuphatikizapo kukhala ndi pakati, kudziŵika kwa mwamuna kapena mkazi, ndi mmene anthu amaonera kugonana), ndi mtundu wawo.

Kukula kwa "sex" Tsankho tsopano kumaphatikizapo kuyang'anira kwa kugonana ndi kudziŵika kwa mwamuna ndi mkazi pa EEOC ndi zigamulo za Khoti Lapamwamba. Kufutukuka kumeneku kumavomereza kuti tsankho pa LGBTQ+ antchito amapanga mtundu wa tsankho la kugonana loletsedwa pamutu pa Thit ViI. Pa June 15, 2020, Khoti Lapamwamba linagamula kuti bwana amene amachotsa wantchito chifukwa chakuti wantchitoyo ali wogonana ndi amuna kapena wa transgender akuswa Divice of the Civil Rights Act ya 1964, akulongosola kuti "mmanija wantchito amene amatentha munthu aliyense chifukwa cha kugonana kapena kuphana ndi makhalidwe kapena zochita zake sizikanafunsidwa ndi ziŵalo za kugonana kosiyana".

Chiyambi cha Dzikolo

Zifukwa zoteteza dzikolo zimaletsa tsankho chifukwa cha mtundu wa makolo, mtundu, kapena mtundu wa anthu, zimene zimaletsa tsankho chifukwa cha mtundu, mtundu, mtundu, kugonana, ndi chipembedzo, ngakhale ngati mfundoyo si yolondola, ndipo limaletsa tsankho chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti munthu wina wa ku Middle East kapena wa fuko la Aluya, mosasamala kanthu kuti munthuyo amadzidziŵikitsa kapena kaya alidi ochokera ku dziko limodzi la Kum’mawa kapena kumaiko ena ambiri a ku Middle East kapena Arabia.

Dzina la VII limaletsanso tsankho lozikidwa pa kuyanjana kwa munthu ndi munthu wina m’kalasi lotetezeredwa, kutanthauza kuti simungachitire tsankhu wofunsira chifukwa chakuti anakwatirana, kapena ali ndi mwana, wa fuko lina. Chitetezero chimenechi chimachokera ku maunansi, maukwati, ndi kugwirizana kwa banja kumene kumadutsana ndi mafuko, kapena chipembedzo.

Zitetezero Zina za Ntchito Zapaudindo

Pamene kuli kwakuti mutu wa mutu VII ndiwo maziko a ufulu wa anthu pantchito, malamulo ena angapo a boma amapereka chitetezo ku magulu ndi mikhalidwe yowonjezereka.

Tsankho la Zaka Zathu

Mu 1967, bungwe la ADEA linawonjezera zaka za magulu otetezeredwa ndi kusiyanitsa anthu ndi ntchito (ADEA). limateteza antchito a zaka 40 kapena achikulire amene sasankhidwa chifukwa cha ntchito, kukwezedwa, kuchotsedwa, kubwezeredwa, ndi ntchito zina.

Kulephera Kuchita Zinthu

Mamembala a America Odwala Culture Act (ADA) ndi Act ya Rehabilitation Act amapereka chitetezo chachikulu kwa antchito opunduka. Chigawo 501 ndi 505 cha Lamulo la Kukonzanso, monga kutetezera antchito ndi ofunsira ntchito ku tsankho la ntchito lozikidwa pa kupunduka, kuphatikiza antchito oyenerera ndi ofunsira ntchito opunduka, ndiponso amafunanso mabungwe a Federal kuti apange malo oyenera osamalira zilema zina pokhapokha ngati malo otere angachititse mavuto osafunikira.

Nyumba zogona zikhoza kukhala ndi zinthu monga kusintha malo antchito, kusintha zochita za ntchito, kukonzanso njira zogwirira ntchito, kapena kukonzanso ntchito kuti anthu oyenerera amene ali ndi vuto logwira ntchito athe kugwira ntchito zofunika.

Kukhala ndi Pathupi ndi Banja

Chikalata chosintha dzina la Mulungu chotchedwa Pregnancy Discrimination Act (Chikalata cha Ana Opangika) (Chikalata chotchedwa Theodore VII) mu 1978, chinafotokoza kuti tsankho lopanda lamulo la kugonana limaphatikizapo tsankho lokhudza pathupi, kubereka, ndi matenda ena ogwirizana ndi zimenezi.

Pregnant Workers Fairness Act (PWFA) ndi lamulo la boma limene limaloŵetsa antchito, kuphatikizapo olemba ntchito a boma ndi akomweko, ndi antchito 15 kapena kuposerapo, limafuna kuti olemba ntchito otetezereka apereke "malo okhala oyenera" kwa ofunsira ntchito oyenerera ndi antchito odziŵika ndi zopinga chifukwa cha mimba, kubala, kapena mikhalidwe ina yofanana ndi inayo, ndi "malo okhalamo oyenera" angakhale masinthidwe a mmene ntchito imachitidwira kapena kusintha ku mmene ntchito imagwirira ntchito.

Kulingana Kulipira Ufulu

Buku la The Actal Pay Act (EPA) ndi lamulo lina la ntchito lopatsa antchito ufulu waumwini wa kuchitapo kanthu kaamba ka malipiro aupandu, ndipo The Treasure VII imabisa mitundu ya tsankho lopangika lomwe silingagwire ntchito pansi pa EPA. Lamulo la Emecial Pay Act limafuna kuti amuna ndi akazi kuntchito imodzimodziyo aperekedwe malipiro ofanana a ntchito, kusumika maganizo pa zokhala m’ntchito mmalo mwa maina a ntchito.

Kupatulana mitundu kaŵirikaŵiri ndi mutu wakuti VII pamene kusiyana kwa magulu kwachisungiko kuyambukira magulu otetezeredwa, ndipo ngati akazi kapena anthu a mafuko aang’ono amalipiridwa mocheperapo kuposa amuna achiyera kaamba ka kuchita ntchito yofananayo, ichi chingakhale kuswa mutu wakuti VII. Olembedwa ntchito ali ndi kuyenera kwa kukambitsirana za chiwongola dzanja chawo ndi antchito anzawo, ndipo olemba ntchito sangabwezere antchito kaamba ka makambitsirano oterowo.

Kuzindikira Tsankho Kuntchito

Tsankho kuntchito likhoza kukhala losiyanasiyana, kuyambira pa zochita zachidziŵikire ndi zadala mpaka pa malamulo obisika amene amawononga tsankho.

Kuchepetsa Vutoli

Malamulo ndi machitachita a ntchito angakhale opatula pansi pa mutu wakuti VII wozikidwa pa kusiyanitsa kapena kusiyanitsa, ndipo kunyalanyaza kumaphatikizapo tsankho ladala ndi bwana. Izi zimachitika pamene bwana wanu akukuchitirani mosiyana chifukwa cha kukhala kwanu m’kalasi lotetezeredwa. Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo kukana kulemba oyenerera a fuko lina, kukana kukwezedwa kwa akazi, kapena kuchotsa antchito achikulire pamene akusunga antchito achichepere okhala ndi zolembedwa zofanana.

Palibe munthu wolembedwa ntchito ndi kampani ya Thetter VII, kapena wofunsira ntchito pakampani imeneyo, amene angamanidwe ntchito kapena kuchitiridwa mosiyana ndi ena ponena za chosankha chirichonse cholingaliridwa kukhala chaufuko, chipembedzo, mtundu, kugonana, kapena chipembedzo, amene angachitidwe mosiyana ndi wina aliyense wozikidwa pa kuyanjana kwake ndi winawake amene ali ndi mkhalidwe wotetezeredwa umenewu, ndipo zosankha za ntchito sizingapangidwe pamaziko a kupenda kapena malingaliro alionse ogwirizana ndi mkhalidwe wotetezeredwa.

Chiyambukiro Chopatuka

Kupatulana ndi mtundu wina wa tsankho umene umakhalapo pamene lamulo la ntchito looneka ngati losatengamo mbali likhudza anthu otetezedwa, ndipo chitsanzo chofala ndicho kukwera kapena kukweza, zimene zingakhudze akazi.

Dzina la VII limaletsanso kugwiritsira ntchito malamulo kapena machitachita amene akuwoneka kukhala auchete koma ali ndi chiyambukiro cha kunyansidwa ndi anthu chifukwa cha fuko lawo, mtundu, chipembedzo, kugonana, kapena mtundu. Komabe, Thetage VII imapatsa olemba ntchito chitetezo chokhoza kuchotsa ziyambukiro zokopa, ndipo bwana angasonyeze kuti lamulo kapena machitachita ndi 1) lokhudza ntchito ndi logwirizana ndi kufunika kwa malonda.

Kuvutitsidwa ndi Kuvutitsidwa ndi Kusoŵa Ntchito

Kuvutitsidwa kuntchito kumasonyeza kuphwanya kwambiri ufulu wachibadwidwe umene ungayambitse mikhalidwe ya kuntchito yoopsa ndi yosapiririka.

Zimene Mahule Amavutitsa

Zilembo za VII zimaletsanso kuvutitsidwa kozikidwa pa kukhala ziŵalo za wochitiridwa nkhanza m’kalasi lotetezeredwa, ndipo kuvutitsidwa kuyenera kukhala kosalandirika ndi kowopsa kapena kofala kuti kukhale kokhoza kuchitika. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti zochitika zapatokha kapena zokhumudwitsa zazing'ono sizimakula kufika pamlingo wa kuvutitsidwa kosakhala kwa lamulo, koma mkhalidwe wa khalidwe loipa kapena chochitika chimodzi chowopsa chingapangitse malo aukali a ntchito.

Pansi pa mutu wakuti VII, mkhalidwe wantchito woipitsitsa umakhalapo pamene ntchito i "ichitidwa ndi kunyoza, kunyoza, ndi chipongwe, zimene ziri zowopsa kapena zofalikira kusintha mikhalidwe ya ntchito ya wovutitsidwayo ndi kupangitsa malo antchito ankhanza. Kuvutitsidwa kuyenera kuzikidwa pa mkhalidwe wotetezeredwa ndipo kuyenera kukhala kowopsa mokwanira kuyambitsa mkhalidwe wa nkhanza umene umadodometsa mphamvu yanu ya kuchita ntchito yanu.

Kuvutitsidwa ndi Akazi

Kuvutitsidwa mwakugonana ndi umodzi wa mitundu yosimbidwa mofala ya kuvutitsidwa pantchito. kungaphatikizepo kukopa kosafunidwa kwa kugonana, kupempha zibwenzi, kukhudzana, ndemanga zolunjika za kugonana kapena nthabwala, kusonyeza zinthu zamaliseche, kapena mkhalidwe wina uliwonse wa kugonana umene umachititsa malo antchito owopsa kapena onyansa.

Ngati mukuvutitsidwa, nkofunika kudziŵitsa wovutitsayo kuti mumawona khalidwe lake kukhala lonyansa ndi kudziŵitsa womlemba ntchitoyo, ndipo kulephera kupereka chidziŵitso kwa bwana kungayambukire moipa chinenezo cha tsankho, mwachitsanzo, ngati wantchito mnzanu akufunsirani kuyanjana naye mobwerezabwereza, muyenera kusimba za kuvutitsidwa kwa kugonana kwa bungwe lanu la Human Resources kapena kutsatira njira zoperekera malipoti olembedwa m’bukhu lanu la ntchito kuti mupatse womlemba ntchito mwaŵi wa kuwongolera mkhalidwewo, monga ngati akupereka chikalata cha EOC.

Udindo wa Olemba Ntchito

Olemba ntchito ali ndi thayo lakuletsa ndi kukambirana ndi kuvutitsa kuntchito. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kukhazikitsa malamulo omveka bwino oletsa kuvutitsa antchito ndi mabwana, kulangiza antchito ndi mabwana, kufufuza madandaulo mofulumira ndi mosamalitsa, ndi kuchitapo kanthu koyenera pamene akuvutitsidwa. Olemba ntchito angaikidwe kukhala oyenera kuvutitsidwa ndi oyang'anira, antchito anzawo, ndipo ngakhale osakhala pantchito monga akasitoma kapena ogulitsa m’mikhalidwe ina.

Chitetezo Choletsa Kubwezera

Chitetezo chimenechi chimathandiza kuti anthu azipewa kubwezera kuntchito ndipo anthu atha kuulula kuti anthu akuphwanya malamulo a boma ndiponso kuchita nawo kafukufuku popanda kuopa chilango.

Zimene Mahule Amabwezera

Munthu amene amakonza dandaulo kapena kutengamo mbali m’kufufuza kudandaula kwa EEO, kapena amene amatsutsa kachitidwe ka ntchito koletsedwa pansi pa lamulo lirilonse limene EEOC amasungidwa kubwezera. Kubwezera kungakhale ndi mitundu yambiri, kuphatikizapo kuchotsa, kuchepetsa, kuchepetsa malipiro, magawo a ntchito, kunyalanyaza misonkhano kapena mwaŵi, kapena kachitidwe kena kalikonse koipa kamene kangaletse munthu wolingalira kuloŵerera m’ntchito yotetezeredwa.

Kukutetezerani kumeneku sikumangokhudza antchito amene amalemba madandaulo amwambo komanso amene amadandaula mwamwayi za tsankho, amene amachitira umboni za tsankho, kapena amene amakana kutsatira malamulo amene angapatsiretu anthu ena.

Kubwezera ndiko kuswa lamulo kwapadera kumene kungatsimikiziridwe ngakhale ngati tsankho lochititsa lilephera.

Ntchito Zotetezeka

Ntchito zoteteza anthu zimaphatikizapo kulamula kuti anthu aziweruzidwa ku bungwe la EEOC kapena bungwe loona za ntchito mwachilungamo, kupezeka ndi ntchito yosasankhidwa kapena kuzengedwa mlandu, kutsutsidwa ndi ntchito zimene mumakhulupirira kuti n’zosafunika kwa anthu amene amaphwanya malamulo a ufulu wachibadwidwe, ndiponso kupempha malo okhala oyenera kuti apeze chilema kapena chipembedzo.

PWFA imateteza antchito amene amapempha malo ogona abwino, antchito amene anamanidwa malo abwino okhala, ndi antchito amene amalemba madandaulo pa PWFA kapena amene moyenerera amatsutsa machitidwe oletsedwa pansi pa PWFA, ndipo imatetezeranso anthu ku kukakamizidwa, kuwopseza, kuwopseza, kapena kudodometsedwa m’kugwiritsira ntchito ufulu wawo wa PWFA kapena kuthandiza ena kugwiritsa ntchito ufulu wawo wa PWFA.

Kupeza Zofunika ndi Kugwira Ntchito Bwino

Kupyola pa zitetezero za tsankho, malamulo a boma ndi a boma amakhazikitsa miyezo yochepera ya malipiro, maola, ndi mikhalidwe ya ntchito imene olemba ntchito ayenera kutsatira.

Njira Yabwino Yochitira Zinthu Mwanzeru

Fair Labor Standard Act (FLSA) imakhazikitsa malipiro ochepera, malipiro a ovataimu, kusungitsa zolembedwa, ndi miyezo ya ntchito ya ana yokhudza nthaŵi zonse ndi antchito aganyu m'chigawo chaumwini ndi m'boma, boma, ndi maboma a kumalo. Pansi pa FLSA, opatula antchito onse ali ndi ufulu wa malipiro ochepa ndi malipiro owonjezera pamlingo wa malipiro anthaŵi imodzi ndi theka la malipiro awo okhazikika kwa maola oposa 40 a ntchito pa mlungu.

FLSA ilinso ndi makonzedwe onena za kugwira ntchito ana, kuchepetsa maola amene ana osafika zaka 16 angagwire ntchito ndi kuletsa ntchito ya ana m’ntchito zina zimene zimaonedwa kukhala zangozi kwambiri.

Ufulu Wochita Zinthu Zosaopsa Kuntchito

Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) imatsimikizira antchito kuyenera kwa kuntchito yotetezereka. Olemba ntchito ayenera kupereka mikhalidwe ya ntchito imene ili yosadziŵika ndi ngozi zimene zimapha kapena kuvulaza mwakuthupi. Antchito ali ndi ufulu wolandira chidziŵitso ndi kuphunzitsidwa za ngozi, njira zopeŵera ngozi, ndi miyezo ya OSHA imene imagwira ntchito kuntchito kwawo.

Olembedwa ntchito ali ndi ufulu woimba chinsinsi kwa OSHA kuti akafufuze ntchito yawo, azichita nawo mayeso a OSHA, ndi kulankhula ndi ofufuza. Antchito alinso ndi ufulu wokana kugwira ntchito m’mikhalidwe imene akukhulupirira kuti pali ngozi ya imfa kapena kuvulala kwakukulu, ndipo olemba ntchito sangabwezere antchito chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ufulu wawo wodzitetezera.

Malo a Banja ndi Zamankhwala

The Family and Medical Sit Act (FMLA) imayenerera antchito oyenerera a mabwana otchingira kulipira, kutetezeredwa pantchito kaamba ka zifukwa za banja ndi zamankhwala. Ogwira ntchito okhoza kulembedwa kwa masabata 12 a ntchito panyengo ya miyezi 12 ya kubadwa kwa mwana wobadwayo ndi kusamalira mwana wobadwa, kugaŵira mwana kuti aleredwe kapena chisamaliro chakulera, kusamalira chiŵalo chapamtima cha banja lokhala ndi thanzi lowopsa, kapena thanzi la wolembedwa ntchitoyo lomwe limapangitsa kuti alephere kugwira ntchito yawo.

FMLA imaperekanso malamulo ena a gulu lankhondo, kuphatikizapo masabata 26 a ntchito a tchuti kuti asamalire wotumikira wovulala kwambiri kapena matenda. Patchuthi cha FMLA, olemba ntchito ayenera kusungabe ndalama zaumoyo wa wolembedwayo pansi pa makonzedwe alionse a thanzi la gulu, ndipo atabwerera kutchuti, antchito ayenera kubwezeredwa ku ntchito yawo yoyamba kapena malo ofanana ndi malipiro ofanana, mapindu, ndi mikhalidwe ina ya ntchito.

Boma ndi Zitetezo Za kumaloko

Maboma ambiri ndi madera ena amapereka chitetezo cha ufulu wachibadwidwe chimene chimapyola lamulo la boma, chikumapereka matanthauzo ambiri ndi magulu ena otetezeredwa.

Makalasi Otetezeredwa Ofutukulidwa

Maboma ambiri ali ndi malamulo awoawo a kusankhana ntchito, mwachitsanzo, ku New York, Lamulo la Ufulu Wachibadwidwe limaletsa olemba ntchito kukana ntchito kapena kulipira ndalama zoyenerera chifukwa cha (pakati pa zisonyezero zina) fuko, chiphunzitso, mtundu, ndi mutu wa Zigawo VII sizimachotsa malamulo a boma amenewo malinga ngati salola machitidwe oletsedwa pamutu pawokha VII, ndipo chifukwa cha zimenezo, malamulo a boma angawonjezere ndi kukwaniritsa ngakhale zolakwa zina za Theto I VII.

Malamulo ena amatetezanso anthu aang’ono kwa anthu amene amalembedwa ntchito ndi boma kuposa amene amalembedwa ndi boma, ndipo amaonetsetsa kuti antchito a m’makampani amene ali ndi antchito osafika 15 akutetezedwa.

Kukula kwa Malamulo a Ntchito ku California

California SB 294 itadutsa, pofika pa February 1, 2026, ndi chaka chilichonse pambuyo pake, olemba ntchito afunikira kupereka chidziŵitso cholembedwa kwa antchito amakono ndi antchito atsopano pa ntchito, ndi chidziŵitso chokhudza zoyenera za antchito. Chikalatachi chiyenera kuphatikizapo chikalata chonena za malipiro a antchito, inshuwalansi ya ulova, kudwala kwa tchuthi, ndi zoyenera za ntchito zina zofunika.

Kuyambira pa February 1, 2026, abwana a ntchito ayenera kuwapatsa antchito pepala la pachaka la Wholety Know Your Rights Act Notice , ndipo pepala lolembedwanso lasinthasintha litulutsidwa ndi Khoma la Ntchito pa January 1, 2026 ndi mavidiyo a maphunziro amene adzafalitsidwe pa July 1, 2026. Malamulo ameneŵa amasonyeza chikalata cha California chotsimikizira antchito kuti amvetsetse chitetezo chawo cha lamulo.

Kuthetsa Kudandaula kwa Tsankho

Ngati mukhulupirira kuti ufulu wanu wa nzika waswedwa pantchito, kumvetsetsa njira yodandaulira njofunika kuti mutetezere zikondwerero zanu ndi kufunafuna mankhwala.

Njira Yodandaulira ya EOC

Ngati mukuona kuti anthu ena akukuchitirani tsankho kuntchito, muyenera kudziwa kuti kudandaula kwa EEOC n’kofunika kwambiri kuti muteteze ufulu wanu.

M’nkhani zopanda bungwe la Fair Works Practices Agency (FEPA), muyenera kulemba mlandu wa EEOC m’masiku 180 kuchokera pa deti la tsankho, ndipo m’maboma ndi FEPA imene imakakamiza malamulo a tsankho la ntchito, nthaŵi imakhala masiku 300 a kalendala. Madeti otsimikizirika ameneŵa amapangitsa kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga pamene mukhulupirira kuti tsankhu lachitika.

Bungweli lingapemphe nkhani kwa inu ndi abwana anu, kufunsa mafunso, ndi kukonzanso zikalata zina zokhudza nkhaniyi.

Kufufuza ndi Kugamulapo

Ngati kukambitsirana kwa EEOC sikungapambane kapena sikuli koyenerera, EEOC idzapitiriza kufufuza mlandu wanu. pamapeto a kufufuzako, EEOC adzatsimikiza kuti kaya pali chifukwa chomveka chochitira tsankho.

Ngati kugamula kwa EEOC kwalephera, ikhoza kupangira inu mlandu, ngakhale kuti ichi chimachitika kokha pa phesenti yochepa ya milandu. Ngati EEOC asankha kusakonza mlandu, kapena ngati sikunamalize kufufuza kwake m’masiku 180, mungapemphe "kuyenera kusuti" kalata imene imakulolani kulembetsa mlandu wanu m'khoti la boma.

Njira Zothetsera Vutoli

Chikalata cha Civil Rights Act cha 1991 chikonzanso zigawo zingapo za Thetwet VII kuti chilimbitse ndi kuwongolera malamulo a ufulu wachibadwidwe ndi kupereka kubwezeretsedwa kwa zilango za kuchotsa ntchito kwa chigawo cha Federal kwa dala. Machiritso amene alipo angaphatikizepo malipiro a malipiro otayika, kubwezeredwa ku ntchito yanu, kukwezedwa kwanu, malo anu okhala, masinthidwe a malamulo, maphunziro, ndi ntchito zina zowongolera.

M'nkhani za tsankho ladala, mungakhalenso ndi ufulu wa kuwonongeka kwa malingaliro ndi mavuto ena a zachuma, limodzinso ndi chilango chokonzedwa kuti mulange bwana ndi kuletsa tsankho la mtsogolo. Chiwombolo chimene chilipo chimadalira pa ukulu wa bwana, ndi zipewa za $500,000 kwa olemba ntchito ndi antchito 150,000 mpaka $500,000 kwa olemba ntchito oposa 500.

Zitetezero za Ophulitsa M’madzi

Antchito amene amalengeza kuti ntchito zawo ndi zosaloledwa kapena kuswa malamulo amatetezedwa mwapadera ndi malamulo osiyanasiyana a boma ndi a boma.

Malamulo Oimba

Department of Justice ya ku United States inafutukula Corporate Whistleer Awards Pilot mu 2025 kuphatikizapo kuswa malamulo ogwirizana ndi kusamuka, ndipo kusintha kumeneku kumasonkhezera anthu kukhala ndi chisonkhezero chandalama kuti anene kuti kuswa lamulo kwa ntchito kumachitidwa mwachindunji ku boma, kukulitsa kufunika kwa maprogramu a kulabadira kwa mkati, mapepala osasintha, ndi malamulo omvekera bwino.

Malamulo osiyanasiyana a boma amateteza oimba malikhweru m'mafakitale ndi m'nkhani. Sarbanes-Oxley Act imateteza antchito a makampani ogulitsa malonda a mafashoni amene amalemba zachinyengo. Lamulo la Boma limateteza antchito amene amanenera chinyengo pa boma. Bungwe la Occupational Safety ndi la Health Act limateteza antchito amene amalemba lipoti la kuswa malamulo. Malamulo ameneŵa amaletsa kubwezera chilango ndi kupereka mankhwala kuphatikizapo kubwezeredwa, malipiro, ndi kulipira kopenta.

Zitetezero za Boma la Ophulitsa

Maboma ambiri akhazikitsa malamulo otetezera oletsa kubwezera antchito amene amanenera kuti akuswa lamulo, amakana kuchita nawo ntchito zoletsedwa, kapena kugwirizana ndi kufufuza kwa boma. Malamulo a boma angapereke chitetezo chachikulu kuposa lamulo la boma ndipo angakwanire olemba ntchito ndi zochita zambiri.

Malamulo ena oimba malikhweru amatetezera antchito amene amaulula za kuswa lamulo kwa abwana awo, pamene ena amafuna kulengeza kwa bungwe la boma. Kumvetsetsa malamulo apadera a kuulutsa malikhweru nkofunika kutsimikizira kuti mukulandira chitetezo chachikulu pamene mukusimba tchimo.

Nkhani Zothetsa Nkhani za Ufulu wa Anthu ku Ntchito

Pamene malo antchito asintha, nkhani zatsopano zokhudza ufulu wachibadwidwe zikupitirizabe kubuka, zikumafuna malamulo atsopano ndi chitetezo.

Nzeru Zopanga Zinthu ndi Zosankha Zokhudza Ntchito

Illinois adzagwiritsira ntchito zowongolera ku Illinois Human Rights Act ("IHRA") yogwira ntchito pa January 1, 2026, kudziŵitsa, kutsutsa kuphonya, ndi kusungitsa zofunikira za olemba ntchito zimene zimagwiritsira ntchito luntha lopeka ("AI") m'zosankha za ntchito, ndipo olemba ntchito olemba ntchito ayenera kudziŵitsa ofunsira ntchito ndi antchito pamene AI agwiritsiridwa ntchito kusonkhezera kulembedwa ntchito, kukwezedwa, kuperekedwa, kuchotsedwa kwa ntchito, kapena kulembedwa kwa ntchito, ndipo sangagwiritsire ntchito AI m’njira imene imadzetsa tsankho kuntchito.

Kugwiritsira ntchito zida za AI ndi za algoric popanga ntchito, kukwezedwa, ndi zosankha zina za ntchito kumadzutsa nkhaŵa zatsopano za ufulu wachibadwidwe. Zida zimenezi zingawonjezere kapena kukulitsa tsankho lomwe lilipo ngati ziphunzitsidwa pa mbiri yakale yosonyeza tsankho lakale. Kulingalira kuti madongosolo a Al akugwirizana ndi malamulo a ufulu wachibadwidwe kumafuna kulinganiza mosamalitsa, kuyesa, ndi kuyang'anira kuti atetezere ziyambukiro pa magulu otetezedwa.

Ntchito Yakutali ndi Nyumba

Kusintha kwa ntchito zakutali ndi zauve zachititsa mafunso atsopano ponena za malo okhala, chisungiko cha kuntchito, ndi tsankho. Olembedwa ntchito angapemphe ntchito yakutali kukhala malo opumirapo, machitachita achipembedzo, kapena zoletsa mimba. Olemba ntchito ayenera kuchita nawo ntchito yothandiza kutsimikizira ngati ntchito yakutali ili yotheka ndi ngati ingachititse mavuto osafunikira.

Ntchito yakutali imadzutsanso mafunso onena za mmene angapeŵere kuvutitsidwa ndi kusankhidwa m'malo akutali. Olemba ntchito ayenera kutsimikizira kuti malamulo awo oletsa kusamvera ndi kutsutsa kutsata ntchito zakutali ndi kuti ali ndi madongosolo oyenerera kupenda ndi kuyankha madandaulo a antchito akutali.

Phoŵerani Kuona Bwino Zinthu ndi Kusaipa

California akupitiriza kulimbitsa kuonekera kwake kwa malipiro ndi zofunika za malipiro olingana, ndipo mu 2026, kusintha kwatsopano kudzafuna mabwana kuvumbula mipambo yowonekera bwino, kutsimikizira malipiro oyenera kupyola amuna onse, ndi kulingalira mitundu yonse ya malipiro pamene akuchititsa kuŵerengera ndalama, ndi pansi pa lamulo la malipiro la California (Labor Code 762.3), mabwana afunidwa kuvumbula mlingo wa malipiro kaamba ka malo antchito kapena penipeni.

Malamulo ameneŵa amafuna kuti olemba ntchito aulule malipiro osiyanasiyana a ntchito, apereke chidziŵitso cha malipiro kwa antchito, ndipo nthaŵi zina, apereke lipoti la ndalama kwa mabungwe a boma. Mwa kuwonjezereka kwa kuonekera pa malipiro, malamulo ameneŵa amathandiza antchito kuzindikira kuthekera kwa kupatsidwa tsankhu ndi kuchirikiza malipiro abwino.

Zimene Mungachite Kuti Muteteze Ufulu Wanu

Kumvetsa ufulu wanu ndi chinthu choyamba chimene mungachite kuti muteteze ufulu wanu kungakuthandizeni kupewa mavuto n’kumachita zinthu mogwira mtima mukakumana ndi mavuto.

Kulemba Zonse

Kusunga mbiri yatsatanetsatane ya zochitika za kuntchito, kulankhulana, ndi kupenda ntchito nkofunika kwambiri potetezera ufulu wanu wa anthu. Musungitse makope a ntchito, kutumiza makalata, mapangano a ntchito, kupenda ntchito, mameseji, ndi zikalata zina zilizonse zokhudza ntchito yanu.

Ngati mudandaula za tsankho, pepala lonena za kuchitiridwa chipongwe, nthaŵi ndi mmene munachitira lipoti nkhaniyo, kwa amene munaisimba, ndi yankho limene munalandira.

Dziŵani Atsogoleli a Kagulu Kanu

Dzidziŵitseni ndi malamulo a abwana anu ponena za tsankho, kuvutitsidwa, ndi njira zodandaula. Olemba ntchito ambiri ali ndi mabuku a ntchito amene amalongosola malamulo ameneŵa ndi kulongosola mmene angachitire lipoti kuswa lamulo. Kutsatira njira zapamtutho za abwana anu kungakhale kofunika kutetezera ufulu wanu, ngakhale kuti simufunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a m’kati musanalembe mlandu ndi EEOC.

Kumvetsa malamulo a kampani yanu kungakuthandizeninso kuzindikira pamene bwana wanu akuswa malamulo ake, amene angapereke zifukwa zina zolozera lamulo lalamulo pansi pa lamulo la pangano kapena malingaliro ena.

Funsani Malangizo a M’malamulo

Ngati mumakhulupirira kuti ufulu wanu wagwiriridwa molakwa, lingalirani kwa loya wa ntchito amene angapende mkhalidwe wanu, kulongosola zosankha zanu zalamulo, ndi kukuthandizani kuyendetsa njira yodandaulira.

Loya angakuthandizeni kumvetsa mmene mlandu wanu ulili wabwino ndi wolakwika, kudziwa malamulo amene akugwira ntchito pa nkhani yanu, kukwaniritsa nthawi yofunika kwambiri, ndi kukambirana ndi abwana anu.

Gwiritsirani Ntchito Ziŵiya Zopezekapo

Mabungwe a boma akuperekanso zinthu zina zoteteza pa nkhani ya malamulo a tsankho pawebusaiti ya EEOC.

Mabungwe a zaufulu a boma, mabungwe othandiza antchito, ndi ufulu wachibadwidwe angapereke chidziŵitso, chichirikizo, ndipo nthaŵi zina kuimira kwalamulo antchito ochitiridwa tsankho. Mabungwe a antchito amaperekanso nduna ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ziŵiya zimenezi kungakuthandizeni kupanga zosankha zodziŵitsidwa ponena za mmene mungatetezere zoyenera zanu.

Mathayo a Olemba Ntchito ndi Kulimbikira

Kuzindikira zimene olemba ntchito afunikira kuchita kungakuthandizeni kuzindikira pamene ufulu wanu ukuponderezedwa ndi kuchititsa olemba ntchito kukhala ndi mlandu.

Kuletsa Kuchitira Ulemu

Olemba ntchito ayenera kukhala ndi malamulo otsutsa kulakwa ndi otsutsa antchito onse. Malamulo ameneŵa ayenera kudziŵikitsa magulu otetezeredwa, kupereka zitsanzo za makhalidwe oletsedwa, kufotokoza mmene angachitire lipoti kuswa lamulo, ndi kufotokoza njira yofufuzira ndi kulangiza. Olemba ntchito ayenera kulangiza antchito ndi manejala nthaŵi zonse za malamulo ameneŵa ndi kusiyanitsa ndi kuletsa tsankho ndi kuvutitsa.

Malo Ogona Oyenera

Olemba ntchito ali ndi thayo la kupereka malo ogona oyenera kaamba ka kulemala ndi machitachita achipembedzo pokhapo ngati kuchita tero kungapereke chitsenderezo chosayenerera.

Olembedwa ntchito sangangokana pempho la kukhala popanda kuchitako kanthu kameneka kapena kusonyeza kuti malo ogona onse othekera angabweretse mavuto osayenerera.

KUFUFUZA NDI KUGAMULANSO

Olembedwa ntchito akanena za tsankho kapena kuvutitsidwa, olemba ntchito ayenera kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga, mosamala, ndiponso mosakondera pofufuza, monga kufunsa wodandaula, woimba mlandu, ndi mboni zina zilizonse; kupendanso zikalata zogwirizana ndi nkhaniyo; ndi kutsimikiza mtima malinga ndi umboni.

Olemba ntchito ayeneranso kuchitapo kanthu kuti asabwezere antchito amene anena kuti akuwachitira nkhanza kapena achita nawo kafukufuku.

Ntchito ya Maboma

Mabungwe angapo a boma amachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pokhazikitsa malamulo a ufulu wachibadwidwe kuntchito ndi kupereka ndalama kwa antchito ndi mabwana.

Ntchito Yofunika Kwambiri

Bungwe la EEOC linafufuza milandu ya tsankho, linayesa kuthetsa mikangano mwa kukhazikitsa malamulo, linaperekanso milandu yokhudza malamulo a ufulu wa anthu.

Chidziŵitso chomveka bwino ndi chopezeka nchofunika kwambiri kuletsa tsankho, kuchirikiza malamulo a EEO, ndi kudziŵitsa anthu za zoyenera zawo, ndi kufufuza, kukonza, ndi kufotokoza ndi zina za njira zimene EEOC akugwiritsira ntchito kukwaniritsa ntchito yake ndi kuwona maso, ndi maphunziro, limodzinso ndi malamulo, malangizo, ndi zipangizo zophunzitsira, zirinso zida zotairira malamulo chifukwa chakuti amachirikiza kumvetsetsa lamulo ndi kugonjera kwaufulu.

Department of Justice

Attorney General, kupyolera mwa ELS, amabweretsa milandu pansi pa Thet VII molimbana ndi boma ndi olemba ntchito a boma akumaloko pambuyo pa EEOC akutchula chidandaulo kwa Dipatimenti ya Chilungamo, ndipo ELS angayambitsenso kufunsa ndi kubweretsa milandu pa boma ndi olemba ntchito a boma pamene pali chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti lamulo la bwana kapena kuchita ntchito zimasankha gulu la ofunsira ntchito kapena antchito ozikidwa pa fuko lawo, mtundu, chipembedzo, chisembwere, kapena chiyambi cha dziko.

Department of Justice imakhazikitsanso malamulo ena a ufulu wachibadwidwe, kuphatikizapo Act ya ku America yokhala ndi Chikalata cha Ulema, Chikalata cha Antchito za Ntchito ndi Zochita za Malo Opatsirana ndi Kulanditsa Ufulu wa US (ULERRA), ndi malamulo osiyanasiyana aupandu. Chikalata cha DOJ's Civil Rights Division chinafufuza za tsankho la pa dongosolo ndi kubweretsa milandu yofanana ndi ya olemba ntchito amene amachitapo kanthu pophwanya malamulo.

Dipatimenti ya Ntchito

Department of Labor ikhazikitsa malamulo ambiri antchito, kuphatikizapo Fair Labor Standard Act, Family and Medical Let Act, ndi malamulo ena otetezera oimba magetsi. DoL's Wage ndi Hour Division imafufuza za kudandaula kwa malipiro ochepera, owonjezera, ndi kuswa malipiro ena. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) imakhazikitsa malamulo a chisungiko cha ntchito ndi kupenda kubwezera madandaulo pa malamulo ambiri oimba moimba.

Kuyang’ana Kutsogolo: Tsogolo la Ufulu wa Anthu Ogwira Ntchito

Malamulo okhudza ufulu wachibadwidwe kuntchito akupitirizabe kusintha chifukwa cha kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu, luso la zopangapanga, ndi kusintha kwa malamulo.

Kupita Patsogolo kwa Malamulo

Pa January 22, 2026, Aumeter Obster Opportunity Commission (EOC) inavotera 2-1 kuchotsa "Chitsogozo Champhamvu pa Kuvutitsidwa ku Ntchito" ("Guidation") yomwe inatulutsidwa poyambirira mu 2024. Kachitidwe kameneka kakusonyeza mikangano ya ndale zadziko ndi yalamulo yopitirizabe yonena za ukulu ndi kusungitsa ufulu wa anthu.

Mu February 2026, mwamsanga pambuyo pa kuchotsedwa kwa Chitsogozo, opanga malamulo a boma anakhazikitsanso Kubweretsa Mapeto ku Kuvutitsidwa mwa Kulamula ndi Kukana Tsankho mu Act ya Ntchito 2026, kapena TEATD Act, ndipo lamulo limeneli linayambitsidwa choyamba mu 2019, mogwirizana ndi gulu la # Me Too. Zoyesayesa za boma zimenezi zinasonyezabe kuvutitsa kwa kuntchito ndi nkhani za tsankho.

Kuteteza Ena

Ochirikiza ambiri akupitirizabe kukakamiza kaamba ka zitetezero zofutukulidwa za ufulu wa anthu, kuphatikizapo lamulo la boma lotetezera mwachindunji LGBTQ+ antchito, kulimbitsa chitetezo cha antchito oyembekezera ndi osamala, kupereka kusankhana kwa maatom, ndi kuwonjezera mankhwala kwa opatulidwa. Maboma ndi maiko akumaloko kaŵirikaŵiri amatumikira monga malaboratori kaamba ka chitetezo chowonjezereka chimenechi, chimene potsirizira pake chingasonkhezere lamulo la boma.

Kuika Zinthu Zofunika Patsogolo

Programu ya EEOC ndi chiwiya chovuta m'zoyesayesa za bungwelo za kuletsa ndi kuthetsa tsankho la ntchito loletsedwa ndi kukakamiza ufulu wa anthu kuntchito, ndipo poyambitsa ndi kusankha milandu ya kuimbidwa mlandu, Ofesi ya General Counsey iyenera kutsogolera nkhani zimene zimakweza SEP kapena zimene mwina zingakhale ndi zotsatira zapadera. Kumvetsa mfundo zofunika kwambiri za bungwe loona za ntchito kungathandize antchito ndi olemba ntchito kuyembekezera madera amene anthu akupita patsogolo ndi kuyang'anira.

Kufufuza Ufulu wa Kuntchito

Kuti muthandizidwe kukumbukira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ufulu wanu waukulu wa kuntchito, nawu mndandanda wokwanira wa chitetezo chachikulu:

  • Kumanja ku mwaŵi wolingana: Simungasalidwa m'kulembetsa, kukwezedwa, kulipira, kapena chosankha chilichonse cha ntchito chozikidwa pa fuko, mtundu, chipembedzo, chiyambi cha dziko, zaka (40 ndi kuposapo), kupunduka, kapena chidziŵitso cha majini
  • Kumanja ku malo ogona abwino: Mukhoza kupempha kusintha malo anu antchito kapena ndandanda ya kupunduka, machitachita achipembedzo, kapena zoletsa mimba
  • Kumanja kuntchito yosavutitsidwa: Mumatetezeredwa ku khalidwe losakondweretsa lozikidwa pa mikhalidwe yotetezeredwa imene imayambitsa malo a ntchito oipa
  • Kuyenera ku malipiro abwino: Muyenera kulandira malipiro ocheperapo ndi malipiro a maovataimu kwa maola oposa 40 ogwira ntchito pa mlungu (ngati simunapatulidwe)
  • Kumanja ku malo a ntchito otetezereka: Bwana wanu ayenera kupereka mikhalidwe ya ntchito popanda ngozi zodziŵika
  • Kuyenera kusimba zoswa lamulo: Mungathe kulemba mphekesera za tsankho, kuvutitsidwa, kuswa malamulo, kapena khalidwe lina losakhala la lamulo popanda kuopa kubwezera
  • Kuyenera kutengamo mbali m’kufufuza: Mukhoza kutumikira monga mboni kapena kupereka chidziŵitso m'kufufuza kwa tsankho popanda kubwezera
  • Kuyenera kukambitsirana za malipiro: Mungafotokoze chiwombolo chanu ndi antchito anzanu, ndipo bwana wanu sangaletse makambitsirano otero
  • Kumanja kwa banja ndi tchuthi cha zamankhwala: Antchito okhoza kulandidwa tchuthi cha ntchito, chotetezeredwa kaamba ka zifukwa zachindunji za banja ndi zamankhwala
  • Kuyenera kubisika: Muli ndi ufulu wina wachinsinsi ponena za chidziŵitso cha zamankhwala, chidziŵitso cha majini, ndi nkhani zaumwini
  • Kuyenera kulinganiza: Mukhoza kugwirizana ndi antchito anzanu kuti muwongolere malo antchito, kupanga kapena kugwirizana, ndi kuchita projekiti
  • Kumanja ku chidziŵitso: Mukhoza kupeza chidziŵitso chonena za maupandu a ntchito, fagilamu ya antchito anu (m'mayiko ambiri), ndi zoyenera zanu pansi pa malamulo osiyanasiyana a ntchito

Kuchitapo Kanthu Kutetezera Ufulu Wanu

Ufulu wanu wa kuyenera kwa anthu pantchito ndiwo chitetezo chachikulu chimene chimatsimikizira kuti musamadwale bwino, kuti mukhale ndi mwayi wofanana, ndiponso kuti mukhale ndi ulemu wofanana kuntchito.

Ngati mukuona kuti ufulu wanu wapondelezedwa, musazengereze kuchitapo kanthu.

Komanso, kumvetsa zoyenera zanu kumakuthandizani kukhala wochirikiza bwino antchito anzanu ndi kuthandizira ku ntchito yosakondera kwa aliyense.

Kudziwa mmene malamulowa akugwirira ntchito, ndiponso kudziwa kumene munthu aliyense angapezere thandizo, kumathandiza kuti munthu aliyense adziwe mmene malamulowo akukhudzire.

Kaamba ka chidziŵitso chowonjezereka ponena za ufulu wa anthu kuntchito ndi lamulo la ntchito, chezerani [[FLT: 0] Gwenga la ntchito. Chuma chowonjezereka chimapezeka kudzera m'mabungwe a , [[FLT:] U.S. Dipatimenti ya ntchito , ntchito za boma zogwirizana ndi ntchito, kapena kufunsira kwa loya wantchito. Chuma chowonjezereka chimapezeka kudzera m'magulu onga [[FLT: 4.] National Alogit Law Project project [, Malo a ntchito a boma , ndi ufulu wa anthu osiyanasiyana.

Kuyenera kwanu kwa kuntchito kumateteza luso lanu la kupeza zofunika pamoyo, kusamalira banja lanu, ndi kukwaniritsa zolinga zanu za ntchito popanda kuchitiridwa mwachipongwe, kuvutitsidwa, kapena kuchitiridwa mopanda chilungamo.