Chiyambi: Ntchito Yomakula ya Madipatimenti a Boma Pogwiritsira Ntchito Maiko Omafuna Kukonza Zinthu

Madipatimenti a boma ku United States akutenga mbali yowonjezereka yochirikiza kulinganiza malo. Pamene kuwonjezereka kwa chiŵerengero cha anthu, kuwonjezeka kwa matauni, ndi zitsenderezo za malo okhala zikuwonjezereka, kufunika kwa kayendetsedwe kabwino kamene kamakhudza zonse ziŵiri chitukuko ndi kutetezera sikunakhale kofulumira kwambiri. Mabungwe a boma (kuchokera ku madipatimenti achilengedwe opanga ndi kupita patsogolo kwa zachuma ku mamaofesi a zachuma) kupanga malamulo ndi maprogramu amene a cholinga chopanga kulimba, kulimba, ndi kuchuluka kwa malo okhala ndi anthu. Zoyesayesa zimenezi siziri kokha kukonzanso zapadera m'malingaliro athu ponena za dziko monga chuma chochepa. Kuphatikiza maofesi a za kakhalidwe kakhalidwe, ndi zolinga zachuma, madipatimenti a boma akukhazikitsa malo omwe angalemerere bwino kwa mibadwo ya anthu.

Nkhaniyi ikulongosola njira zazikulu, zitokoso, ndi mipata yoyang’anizana ndi madipatimenti a boma pamene akugwira ntchito kusungitsa kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa malo ochitira zosankha. Kuchokera ku kutetezera zinthu zosavuta kufikira zisonkhezero zapamwamba za kukula, zida zimene ziripo nzosiyanasiyana ndi zamphamvu. Kumvetsetsa zoyesayesa zimenezi nkofunika kwa aliyense wokondwerera mtsogolo mwa malo athu omangidwa ndi achilengedwe.

Kodi Kulinganiza Dziko Lodalirika N’kutani?

Kugwiritsira ntchito malo otetezeka kuli njira yokwanira yoyang'anira chuma cha dziko mwanjira zimene zimakwaniritsa zosoŵa zamakono popanda kunyalanyaza kukhoza kwa mibadwo yamtsogolo kukwaniritsa zofuna zawo. Kuposa kulinganiza ndi kukonza malo ndi kukhazikitsa kuphatikizapo umphumphu wa chilengedwe, kudalirana kwa chuma, ndi kulinganiza chikhalidwe. Malamulo achibadwa amaphatikizapo kuchepetsa kukwera, kusamalira malo okhala, kulimbikitsa malo abwino, ndi kulimbikitsa ubwino wa anthu.

M'mbiri yakale, madipatimenti a boma amazindikira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito malo oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito sikuli nkhani ya zachuma zokhazokha. Mwachitsanzo, anthu oyenda ulendo wautali amachepetsa ulendo, kudula mtengo ndi kuipitsa mpweya wotentha. Komabe, madipatimenti a paradigm asintha. Masiku ano, madipatimenti a boma amazindikira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito malo oyenera kumakhala kofunika kwambiri pa chuma ndi thanzi la anthu. Mwachitsanzo, anthu oyenda pansi pa nthaka amachepetsa galimoto, zoyendera ndi zowononga mpweya. Mipata ya Green imawongolera thanzi la maganizo ndi lakuthupi. Ndipo nkhalango zotetezeredwa sizikuthandiza kuteteza chigumula ndi kuchepetsa madzi achilengedwe.

Mfundo imeneyi yachokera ku mizati itatu ya kukhazikika : malo okhala, chuma, ndi chitaganya. Kufikira kulinganiza pakati pa mizati imeneyi kumafuna kugwirizana kosamalitsa pakati pa maphunziro ndi mabungwe. Madipatimenti a boma amatumikira monga nexus pamene zikondwerero zimenezi zimagwirizana, kutembenuza zonulirapo zokhazikika kukhala malamulo ogwira ntchito padziko.

Ntchito Yaikulu Yochitidwa ndi Madipatimenti a Boma

Madipatimenti a boma amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana kuti athandize kukonza malo. Pamene boma lililonse limasintha njira zake zoyendera zinthu za m’deralo, pali njira zingapo zimene zathandiza kwambiri. Maprogramu amenewa nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito pokonza malo osungiramo katundu, ndipo amachititsa njira zosiyanasiyana zothandizira kuyang'anira malo.

Programu Zotetezera Dziko

Madipatimenti a boma amayang’anira maekala a mapaki, nkhalango, malo othawirako nyama ndi malo ena achilengedwe.

Kupyola maiko a anthu, maboma ambiri apanga ntchito za kuchepetsa kutsungula . Kutetezera kuli pangano lalamulo lodzifunira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito malo ena kwachikhalire kutetezera mapindu ake. Okhala ndi malo ao koma amavomereza kuletsa kupita patsogolo. Maboma kaŵirikaŵiri amapereka zisonkhezero za msonkho kapena zogulira. Mwachitsanzo, Nature Conservancy Yakhala ikugwirira ntchito ndi mabungwe ambiri a boma kutetezera malo ovuta kupyola pa zofeŵerapo. M'maiko onga Colorado ndi California, maprogramu asungidwa zikwi zambiri za maefasi, mafasitale, makampani, ndi zinyama.

Madipatimenti a boma akugwirizananso ndi mabungwe a dziko ndi mabungwe a boma monga a United States Fish and Wildlife Service kuwonjezera njira zotetezera zachilengedwe.

Kukulitsa Ulemu Mwanzeru

Kukula kwanzeru ndi njira zokonzera zimene zimafuna kuletsa kufalikira kwa tauni mwa kulimbikitsa kuchulukana, kuyendera misewu, ndi kutukuka. Madipatimenti a boma atengera njira zotsogola kuti ayendetse bwino anthu m’madera omwe alipo, kuchepetsa mtengo wa zinthu zoyendera, ndi kuteteza malo otseguka. Makiyi ake amaphatikizapo kumanga malo osiyanasiyana, kuwonjezera ndalama pafupi ndi malo oimitsira katundu, ndi miyezo yopanga zinthu imene imalimbikitsa anthu oyenda pansi panthambi.

Mwachitsanzo, imachepetsa kudalira galimoto ndi kutulutsa mpweya wotentha. Programu ya Maryland Transit-Oriented Development , yoyendetsedwa ndi Dipatimenti ya boma ya zoyendera ndi makampani a nyumba . Mwakuyang'anira ntchito za kumanga ndi zamalonda pa malo oyenda a anthu onse, TOD imachepetsa kudalira kwa galimoto ndi kutulutsa mpweya wotenthetsa dziko. Programu ya Maryland Transit-Oriented Development , imaperekedwa ndi Dipatimenti ya boma ya Transit Transportation , imapatsa ndi kuthandizira maprojekiti a TOD . Mofananamo, malamulo a Oregon's statealal amafunikira mizinda kukhazikitsa malire a kukula, kuchepetsa ndi kuyendetsa m'makampani zam'makwane.

Kukula kwanzeru kumaphatikizaponso [[FLT: 0] malamulo athunthu amene amatsimikizira misewu kulinganizidwira ogwiritsira ntchito onse [1] Oyendetsa ndege, oyendetsa njinga, oyendetsa galimoto, ndi oyendera anthu. Madipatimenti ambiri a boma atengera miyezo yokwanira ya msewu, kutsogolera ku malo abwino, amphamvu kwambiri. Malamulo ameneŵa samangowongolera moyo komanso amawonjezera chuma cha kumalo mwa kukopa mabizinesi ndi nzika zimene zimafuna kuti zikhale zofunika kwambiri m’madera ozungulira.

Masamu a Zabiritsi

Kulimbikitsa anthu a m’chigawo cha munthuwe kuti atsatire machitachita odalirika, madipatimenti a boma amapereka zinthu zosiyanasiyana zolimbikitsa zandalama. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo ngongole za msonkho, ndalama, ndalama zokongola, ndalama zotsala, madona ang'ono, ndi kulola kuti azikhala okongola. Cholinga n’kuchepetsa mtengo wa nyumba yobiriwira, kukonzanso mphamvu, ndi kukonza malo okongola bwino a madzi.

Chitsanzo chimodzi chotchuka ndicho ngongole za kubiri zomanga za chigawo cha chigawo chakumanga . Mayiko ena, monga New York ndi Washington, amapereka mathamo a nyumba zimene zimapeza stective cream kapena kukwaniritsa miyezo ya mphamvu yapadera ya magetsi. Zosonkhezera zimenezi zingaphikire mbali ya mapangidwe ndi mtengo wowonjezereka wa kumanga, kupanga kupita patsogolo kopindulitsa kwambiri. Kuwonjezerapo, maboma ambiri amapereka ndalama zothandizira kukonzanso za mafakitale obiritsa [1] Kusintha kwa mafakitale opangira zinthu zobiriwira kapena nyumba zokhala ndi mabwinja opindulitsa.

Njira ina yatsopano ndi transfer ya maprogramu a kukulitsa (TDR) . Pansi pa TDR, eni malo a kusungidwa angagulitse kuyenera kwawo kwa opititsa patsogolo m'madera osankhidwa. Chipangizo chimenechi chimathandizira kutetezera madera ovuta pamene akulolabe kukula m'malo oyenerera. Maboma onga New Jersey ndi Massachusetts apanga maluwa a TDR amene asunga maekala zikwi makumi ambiri.

Kwa okonza maluso, zisonkhezero zimenezi zingakhale zolinganiza masewera. Kufufuza kwa U.S. Environmental Protection Agency kunapeza kuti kupangidwa kwa maluŵa kaŵirikaŵiri kumatulutsa mapindu a chuma ndi ndalama zotsika pogwiritsira ntchito, koma kuikizira koyamba kungakhale chopinga. Zisonkhezero za boma za mlaza umenewo, kukulitsa kutengera machitachita osungika pamsika.

Kudziloŵetsa m’Chigwirizano Chapoyera ndi Kulinganiza Kochititsa Manyazi

Kugwiritsa ntchito malo otetezeka sikungayende bwino popanda kugula zinthu. Madipatimenti a boma ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizira anthu kuti adziwe kuti adziwe bwino malo komanso afunika kuuza anthu kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino malo awo.

Maboma ambiri akhazikitsa misonkhano yokonzekera . Mabungwe a kulinganiza kapena chitachita kuonekera kwambiri ma pulatifomu othandizira anthu kuti apereke mawu apadera okonzekera. Mwachitsanzo, Dipatimenti ya Vermont ya Hospital ndi Community Development imagwira ntchito ndi makomiti a kuyang'anira malo osiyanasiyana kuti aonere madera. Zochitika zimenezi zimatheketsa anthu kukhala ndi zofunika monga posunga munda, kukonzanso malo okongola, kapena kupanga nyumba zokongola.

Luso lazopangapanga lawonjezeranso kutengamo mbali kwa anthu. Kujambula mapu a zipangizo monga GIS . Kuthandiza nzika kuzindikiritsa malo amene zimafunikira kusungidwa, kusanguluka, kapena kutukuka. Maboma onga Minnesota ndi North Carolina agwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zimenezi kusonkhanitsa zothandizira pa zoyendera zazitali ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mapulani. Mwa kupanga madipatimenti osonyeza tsatanetsatane ndi osaphatikizapo, amakulitsa chidaliro ndi kupanga mapulani osonyeza bwino chitaganya.

Kulinganiza kopindulitsa kumawonjezera pa pangano la anthu onse ndi kugwirizana ndi kutsutsana. Madipatimenti a boma kaŵirikaŵiri amagwira ntchito ndi kuŵerengera, zoimira, maboma, mafuko, ndi mabungwe osapanga phindu. American Planning Association imatchula zitsanzo zachipambano za kugwirizana kumeneku, monga California Strategical Growth Council, imene imagwirizanitsa dziko kugwiritsira ntchito, nyumba, zoyendera, ndi malamulo a za nyengo m'dziko lonse.

Mavuto Amene Amalepheretsa Kukonzekera Kupeza Dziko Lothandiza

Ngakhale kuti pali kupita patsogolo, madipatimenti a boma amakumana ndi zopinga zazikulu.

Kupereŵera kwa Ndalama ndi Chuma

Malo ambiri otetezereka amafunika kuikiza ndalama zambiri kuti apeze ndalama zambiri . Kuti apeze malo, maziko apamwamba, ukatswiri wa antchito, ndi maprogramu osonkhezera. Maboma kaŵirikaŵiri amakakamizidwa ndi kupikisana kwa maphunziro, chisamaliro cha zaumoyo, ndi chisungiko cha anthu. Ndiponso, kusinthasintha kwa ndale zadziko kungayambitse kusakhazikika kwa ndalama, kukumakupangitsa kukhala kovuta kuchirikiza maprogramu anthaŵi yaitali. Maboma ena atembenukira ku magwero opatulira ndalama, monga kutumiza misonkho kapena misonkhoti yeniyeni, koma zimenezi sizipezeka kulikonse.

Mikangano ya Ndale ndi Yabodza

Kugwiritsa ntchito malo oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chibadwa chandale. Iwo angapereke ufulu wochirikiza ufulu wolimbana ndi osunga zachilengedwe, okonza zinthu, ndi anthu okhala m’mizinda motsutsana ndi anthu akumidzi. Kufufuza kuti apeze kukula kaŵirikaŵiri kumaleka kapena kuchepetsa zolinga za kulakalaka kwake. Kuwonjezera apo, malo ogwiritsira ntchito malo m'mayiko ambiri amagawidwa pakati pa mabungwe ambiri ndi maboma a kumaloko, zomwe zimayambitsa kusagwirizana ndi zopinga. Kugwirizanitsa zinthu zimenezi kumafuna utsogoleri wamphamvu ndi kukambirana kosalekeza.

Kulephera Kulemba Zinthu ndi Umisiri

Kugwiritsa ntchito malo oyenera kudalira pa chidziŵitso cholondola chonena za malo osungirapo, chiŵerengero cha anthu, malo okhala, ndi zigwirizano. Komabe, madipatimenti ambiri a boma alibe zipangizo zapamwamba za geosphalitial, maluso, ndi antchito aluso ofunika kusanthula mozama chidziŵitso chimenechi. Kumadera akumidzi ndi mabungwe osadalirana kwambiri amakhudzidwa kwambiri. Popanda chidziŵitso cholimba, n’kovuta kukulitsa ntchito, kuona mmene malo akukhudzira, kapena kupenda zotsatira zake.

Zopinga za Malonda ndi Khalidwe

Ngakhale ndi zisonkhezero, msika sungagwirizane ndi machitachita odalirika. Oyambitsa ndi eni malo angakhale owopsa, osazoloŵera ndi tekinoloji yobiriŵira, kapena okayikira mapindu a nthaŵi yaitali. Ndiponso, mtengo wokwera wa kupita patsogolo kolimba ungakhale woletsa ntchito zazing'ono. Zochita za makhalidwe monga ngati kusintha, kusazindikira, kapena kuganiza kwa masiku angapo. Kuthetsa zopinga zimenezi sikumafuna zisonkhezero za ndalama zokha komanso maphunziro, maprojekiti osonyeza zinthu, ndi madongosolo a a kuphunzira a a ausinkhu wausinkhu wapo.

Mwaŵi ndi Kuwonjezereka kwa Mikhalidwe

Ngakhale kuti mavuto apitirirabe, pali zinthu zambiri zimene zikuthandiza kuti madipatimenti a boma akonze malo oyenera.

Kupita Patsogolo kwa Zipangizo ndi Mauthenga

Geographic Information Systems (GIS), kujambula, ndi luntha la kuyerekezera zikusintha malo ogwiritsira ntchito kulinganiza. Madipatimenti a boma tsopano angapeze malo ojambula okongola, a zojambula zenizeni za kayendedwe, ndi zithunzi zolosera. Mwachitsanzo, U.S. Suzunzo la Geological [Kufufuza ] chidziŵitso cha malo obisa zinthu zotetezera. Makampani a zapamwamba a geomet que angazidziŵitse malo obiriwirapo kapena nyumba zokongola. Mapulatifomu ozikidwa pa mpukutu wa , amalola kulinganiza ndi kupanga zosankha zogwira mtima kwambiri. Mwa kuchita maluso ndi maphunziro a za sayansi ndi maphunziro, ma dipatimenti a boma angapange zinthu zofunika zochirikiza kuwongolera.

Anthu Ambiri Akuzindikira Ndiponso Kufuna Kuwasamalira

Nkhaŵa ya anthu ponena za kusintha kwa nyengo, nyengo yoipa, ndi kuwonongeka kwa malo achilengedwe zikukulirakulira. Nzika zikufuna kuti maboma awo achitepo kanthu pa kusungika. Zimenezi zimapangitsa kuchirikiza ndale zadziko kugwiritsira ntchito malamulo a dziko lotchuka. Oyendetsa ndege avomereza masitepi ochirikiza kusungidwa kwa zinthu zosungidwa, kuyendera, ndi mphamvu zobwezeretsedwa. Madipatimenti a boma angagwiritsitse ntchito imeneyi kufutukula maprogramu ndi kuyesa njira zatsopano.

Kusintha kwa Nyengo

Kugwiritsira ntchito malo otetezeka tsopano kuli kogwirizana kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Maboma akuyambitsa makonzedwe akutetezera anthu ku kukwera kwa nyanja, moto wamoto, mafunde, ndi mafiti. Kupeza malo osefukira, kukonzanso monga chosungira chachilengedwe, ndi malamulo okonzanso ndi mbali zonse za njira imeneyi. EPA’S EPA’S EPAS RETAIN CH Center . Imapereka malangizo amene madream stem angagwiritse ntchito kukonza dziko pogwiritsira ntchito zosankha. Malamulowa angakopa boma kuti apereke ndalama ndi masulo ndi masulo operekera oyendera.

Kuwonjezera Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zida za Chuma

Ziŵiya zachuma zokhala ndi moyo zatsopano . Zonga ngati malipiro a ntchito yaumoyo, carbon proftice, ndi mabanki obiriŵira . Maiko ena akufufuza njira zopezera mapindu a maiko osungidwa, monga ngati kusuntha kapena kuyeretsa madzi. Kusintha kuchokera ku malo ameneŵa kungabwezeretsedwenso ku maprogramu akusamalira ndi kukulitsa kwanzeru. Kuwonjezera apo, kuyendetsa ndalama ndi malo okhala, ndi kuyendetsa malo okhala, ndi kulimbikitsa likulu laumwini kuyendera ntchito zosungika. Makampani a boma angatheketse kusungitsa ndalama zimenezi mwa kupanga mapulogalamu othandizira kukonza zinthu.

Kumaliza: Kukonza Tsogolo Kudzera mwa Udindo Wochuluka

Madipatimenti a boma akutsogolera pa kusintha kwa dziko pogwiritsira ntchito kulinganiza. Mwakugwiritsira ntchito maprogramu otetezera malo, malamulo auve, zisonkhezero zobiriŵira, ndi kukhazikitsa chitokoso kwa anthu, iwo akumanga maziko a anthu otetezereka. Zoyesayesa zimenezi sizili zopanda mavuto (zitsenderezo, mikangano ya ndale zadziko, ndi malonda a irentia . Komabe mwaŵi woperekedwa ndi luso la zopangapanga, kufunidwa kwa anthu, ndi kukhazikika kwa nyengo ngwamphamvu mofananamo.

Njira ya kutsogolo imafunikira kupitirizabe kudzipereka kugwirizanitsa magawo onse a boma, a anthu, ndi a anthu. Madipatimenti a boma ayenera kukhalabe ochenjera, ofunitsitsa kuyesa ndi ziŵiya zatsopano ndi kusintha kwa mikhalidwe. Potsirizira pake, kugwiritsa ntchito malo ndiko kuyang'anira zinthu zathu zachilengedwe, malo athu omangidwa, ndi moyo wa anthu amakono ndi amtsogolo. Pamene madipatimenti a boma akukonza njira zawo, akupereka chiyembekezo cha zimene zingakwaniridwe pamene tilinganiza ndi dziko lapansi ndi anthu ake omwe.