Guhuza amateka arebana n'uburenganzira bw'abana n'amategeko agenga uburenganzira bwo kurera abana, ni indi mitekerereze y'urusobe y'umuryango yahindutse mu buryo bwihariye mu kinyejana gishize. Gusobanukirwa ukuntu ayo mashyirahamwe abiri y'amategeko afitanye isano n'amategeko, abarezi n'imiryango. Nubwo mu mateka y'ishyingiranwa ryatumye habaho inzego z'amategeko zigenga uburenganzira bw'ubutware bw'ababyeyi, imyanzuro yo muri iki gihe, imyanzuro y'ubutware irushaho kwibanda ku mimerere myiza umwana afite, uko imimerere y’ishyingirwamo yaba iriho. Iyi ngingo igenzura amabwiriza y’amateka, igezweho n’impagarariro, hamwe n’ingaruka z’ingirakamaro zihereranye n’iyo mahuriro, bishobora guhaza umuntu wese umushakiranya neza muri ibyo bintu kenshi bire mu buryo bwinjizwa mu buryo bw’ibyiyumvo.

Amateka y’Ishyingiranwa n’Amategeko y’Umuryango

Mu mateka menshi y’amateka y’i Burengerazuba, ishyingiranwa ryabonwaga nk’isezerano ry’umuntu umwe wese, umugabo akaba ari we uyobora umugore we mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko.

Iryo tsinda rya 19 - 1. yatangiye gusimbuka mu buryo butangaje. Inkiko zatangiye gutangira kuvuga ko abana bato, cyane cyane abana bato, basigaye na ba nyina, bashingiye ku imyizerere y'uko kwitabwaho kwa nyina ari ngombwa mu myaka y'imyaka. Imyifatire ya mbere iruta cyane amategeko asanzwe ya se, nubwo mu kinyejana cya hagati n'ikinyaruhumbi, imyitwarire y'abana irushaho kuba iy'ingirakamaro ku igitsina gisanzwe, naho nyina yakomeje kwishimira ubutware bwinshi kugeza ku mwaka wa 1970. Itsinda ry'ubwikurisi na Amahinduka arenze urugero, imyifatire yose y'umuryango wa Kaliforuniya, yanze imyitwarire, ku indiro y'urusobe.

Muri iki gihe, buri Leta ya Amerika yashyize hamwe buri wese muri byose mu rwego rwo hejuru ingero zihebuje zishishikaza, igakuraho ibyifuzo byemewe n'ibitsina. Icyakora, amahitamo ya ba nyina ashingiye ku mateka agenga amahitamo arebana n'ubucamanza n'ibyo abantu biteganyirijwe mu mashyirahamwe ashingiye ku mfunzo.

Amahame y’amategeko afitanye isano n’ishyingiranwa n’umuryango

Igitekerezo cy’uko ababyeyi barera abana babo mu ishyingiranwa ryabo

Rimwe mu mahame y’amategeko agenga ishyingiranwa n’abana agenga uburenganzira bwo kurera abana, ni “igitekerezo cyo kuba umuntu ahabwa uburenganzira bwo kurera abana,” mu gihe cy'amategeko asanzwe no mu mategeko menshi yo muri iki gihe, umwana wabyariwe umugore afatwa nk’umwana w’umugabo we. Iryo hame ryihuta ryihariye: riha umugabo uburenganzira bw’ababyeyi, hakubiyemo uburenganzira bwo gushaka kurera umwana cyangwa kumusura, nta mugenzo wemewe nyirabayazana.

Iyo gitekerezo ntireba gusa mu gusesanya, ariko nanone no mu gihe umwana apfushije cyangwa atana. Icyakora, ntibyahindutse. Umugabo ashobora kuvuguruza igitekerezo cy’uko niba ashobora kugaragaza ko atari we mubyeyi ubyara umwana — urugero, binyuriye mu igerageza ADN. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, umubyeyi uvugwa ko ari we se ashobora gushaka gusesa mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko, niba ishyingiranwa ritari ryo rufatiro rw'ibyara umwana. Mu gihe abashakanye batana, ibyo kwitwara bibuzanya uburenganzira bwo kuzuza uburenganzira bwo kuzuza uburenganzira bw'ububyeyi.

Gutana no kurera abana: ni yo gahunda iruta izindi zose

Iyo ababyeyi bashakanye batana, inkiko zifata umwanzuro w'uko umwana agomba kurera abana bashingiye ku nyungu nziza. Iryo hame rigengwa n’amategeko, rigaha abacamanza uburenganzira bwo gupima ibintu byinshi. Muri rusange, ibyo bikubiyemo imishyikirano irangwa n’ibyiyumvo ihuza buri mubyeyi n’umwana, ubushobozi buri wese afite bwo guha umwana inzu itajegajega, ibyo yiga n'ibyo akeneye mu buzima, n’amateka yose ya kera y’urugomo rwo mu rugo cyangwa gukoresha ibiyayura umutwe. Amategeko menshi y'amategeko ashyira mu rutonde rw'ibisobanuro byabyo. Urugero, amahame y'umuryango wa Kaliforuniya Karato 3011 ashyiramo igitekerezo cy’impagaragarizo, urugero nk ’ “ubuzima, umutekano, n’impagararo y’umwana, n ’ “impano y’ubuzima bw’umwana n’ubuzima bw’ababyeyi bombi.”

Uburenganzira bw'ishyingiranwa buhuriye kuri iyi ngingo mu buryo bunyuranye. Icya kabiri, ishyingiranwa ubwaryo ni gake cyane rigenga — indi shingiro rihebuje rirebana n'ishyingiranwa ryahukana n'ababyeyi batarashaka. Icyakora, ababyeyi bashatse akenshi bafite uburyo bworoshye bwo gushyiriraho ababyeyi b'ububyeyi (nk’uko twabonye haruguru), bwa kabiri, urukiko rushobora kugenzura umutekano w'umuryango n'ubushobozi bw’ababyeyi bwo gushyigikira, ibyo bikaba ari byo birushaho kugaragara mu mimerere y'ishyingirwa ry'ishyingirwa. Icya gatatu, niba umubyeyi umwe ari we ushinzwe mbere kwita ku babyeyi mu gihe cy'ishyingiranwa, bishobora kuba ari na ko undi mubyeyi w’amafaranga. Uko ni ko ubufasha muri iki gihe, inyigisho yatangiye mu mwaka wa 1970, kuba ari iy’ubukwemezanyarugo.

Commenta nupfora y'ingenzi ni imyitwarire igenda irushaho kwiyongera ku bihereranye no “kurera abana.” Ubu ibihugu byinshi bifite igitekerezo gihuje n'igihe cyo kurera umwana gifite agaciro karuta utundi, uretse gusa ibihamya bigaragaza. Urugero:, Minnesota Eshictals Gametecture 518.17, itanga igitekerezo cy'uko “urukiko rw'ubutare bw'ubukwe ruzahitamo umwe mu mu babyeyi bafitanye isano ryifatiwe n'ubukwe n'ubutane, kandi rugashishikariza“ igihe buri mubyeyi wese amarana n'umwana.

Ingaruka z’ishyingiranwa ry’abahuje igitsina

Bya Ecclicks in i Bijyanye n' imibare Birenze Zero in [[: 0% S]. [[[1]] () i Urupapuro- ntambike Bya Uburenganzira bw' umuhimbyi. Kuri [[2]] [[[I]], A Birenga] Imibanire, ya: - Bijyanye n' imibare. in - Bijyanye n'imyifatire, i Bya i"" i" Ururimi:. A Igisubizo, A A, Kuri A A Bijyanye n'imyifatire, i By'amategeko, NIBA i.

[[: 0% S] Bya ngombwa Byose Kuri -, OYA mu buryo bwikora: i Akarango: Kuri - Bijyanye n' imibare. guhera Kuri -, -, - EGIHARWE. Urugero, NONEAHA A “ni Kuri i Bya A NIBA... i ni Kuri i na i ni Kuri i * (Inyangingo 75). Ururimi: “”, -.

Rimwe ryiyongeraho rikubiyemo abana bashyizwe ku ikoranabuhanga (ART) mu gihe cy'ishyingiranwa ry'ubwicanyi. Amwe n'abashakanye bahuje igitsina bakoresha uwatanze impamyabushobozi bwa seruti cyangwa abyara inda imwe, uwo bashakanye ashobora kuba akeneye gufata amacakubiri y'amategeko , Nka ISEGONDA - Umubyeyi: Cyangwa Ishinga y'ububyeyi (Kugena). Intambwe, bishobora kuba bitahagaze kugira ngo ashake uburenganzira bwo kurera abana mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko. [[FL:] [0] [- Jenkkins], i Urukiko rw'ikirenga rw'ubukweme rushingiye ku ishyingiranwa.

hagati na Bya i & Ubwuzurane ya: - Bijyanye n' imibare A Umwanya. KIGEZWEHO ku Byombi Leta na Kuri. Birenzeho, Ibikorana Kuva: Nka i [[:] ya: [[:]] na i [:] Bya [[:].

Amateka ya vuba aha

Bya vuba aha, i Bya i Ihuriro ry'uburenganzira bw'abana na Amategeko y'Umuryango w'abana. Itangira, i Isubiramo rya Wex S Comment=Imiryango y'Amategeko y'Amategeko ya Bosinita ya: Bya i (UPUA) Kuri ADN: ku i Bya i Na: i, na i Ururimi: i Ururimi: i UPA 2017, na indi wiyandikishwaho na Ibyifuzo:, iyo umwana abyariwe n'umugabo n'umugore, bombi baba ababyeyi bemewe n'amategeko, uko bishobora kuba biri kose, cyangwa kimwe na bimwe na bimwe, Washington, Vermont, na Rhode.

, i Bya — A - nka Na: A OYA Kuri A Cyangwa., A Gicurasi Nka A ATARIIGIHARWE Nyuma NIBA Na: i. i Umurongo: hagati - na i Ishinga na. ya: IMYAKA. Urugero:, in [: 0% S] Bya. [:] [:], i A - EGIHARWE Nka A IMYAKA ya: IMPAPURO Cyangwa, i NYACYO.

Icya gatatu, amategeko ya Leta, urugero nk'amategeko agenga uburenganzira bwo kurera abana (VAWA) n'Agatabo gashinzwe iby'ikigo gishinzwe abana (UCJEA) gakorana n'uburenganzira bw'ishyingiranwa. UCCJEA, yashyizwe muri byose, ishyiraho amategeko agenga ubutegetsi bufite uburenganzira bwo guhitamo uburenganzira bwo kurera abana. Iyo ababyeyi bashakanye batandukanije kandi bakimukira mu bihugu bitandukanye, ayo mategeko ashobora kugira ingaruka ku myanzuro. Byongeyeho, VaWA inzego z’abarokotse urugomo rwo mu rugo, bazirikana ko impamvu zabo zishobora kwimuka mu ishyingiranwa ryabo, akenshi bikaba ngombwa ko zigomba gushyirwa mu buryo bwitonderwa.

- urwego. "" Bimwe na bimwe mu by' ababyeyi, mu gihe abandi bavuye ku irebere ku bihereranye n'ibyifuzo bishyizwe ku miryango miremire., A amategeko asaba inshinganyarubanza Kuri A“kuyobora" Igihe, Na: A., nka,“ Igihe” na Ibanga Na: Byombi, Kuri Kuri inshuro ya:.

Inkuru z’ingirakamaro n’ibibashishikaza

Impuzamatoke ku burenganzira bw'ishyingiranwa n'amategeko agenga uburenganzira bwo kurera abana, bigira ingaruka nyakuri ku miryango.

Ababyeyi Batarashaka

Iyo ababyeyi batarashaka, umubyeyi w’umugore aba afite uburenganzira bwemewe n'amategeko bwo kurera abana mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko n'umubiri, keretse se niba umubyeyi w'umugabo ashyiraho uburenganzira bwo kurera abana. Niba se w’abana ashaka kurera abana, agomba gushyingirwa mu buryo bwihariye, akaba ashobora guhitamo ADN, ibyo bikaba bimusaba gupima ubwishyu bwa ADN. Nubwo yaba yarashyingiranywe n’undi muntu, ashobora kubonwa ko ari umubyeyi wemewe n'amategeko niba imirunga y’ababyeyi beme. Ariko, ibyo ntibyakorwa mu gihe runaka, ariko bibuzanyanzego.

Gutana n’uwo mwashakanye no guhindura imitekerereze

Nyuma y'ishyingiranwa, amategeko agenga uburenganzira bwo kurera abana ntiy’igihe cyose. Buri mubyeyi ashobora gusaba guhindura uburyo bwo kurera bushingiye ku “guhinduka kwanze gushyirwaho mu mimerere.” Uburenganzira bw'ishyingiranwa bushobora guterwa n'ihinduka: umuntu kongera gushaka ashobora kubonwa ko ari ihinduka, cyane cyane iyo atumye umubyeyi mushya urera umwana yiteguye gufasha mu buryo bwitaho. Ariko kandi, amahame agenga ibyifuzo bihebuje akomeza kuba icyitonderwa, kandi urukiko ruzasuzuma ukuntu ugushyingiranwa n’uwo mwana bigira ingaruka ku bushake n’imishyikirano agirana n’umubyeyi wese.

Na

Ku bashakanye, kurera abana bahuje igitsina, ubwa kabiri ni kenshi byasabwa kugira ngo buri wese mu bashakanye ashyizweho uburenganzira bwemewe n'amategeko. Kurera abana mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko bigenga ababyeyi bakomeza gutandukana. iyi ntambwe, umuntu utari wigenga ashobora kubona ko kugarurirwa, cyane cyane iyo abashakanye batana., nka New York na Kaliforuniya, “ku bw'imyifatire yashyizweho n'amategeko, ishobora kurinda umubyeyi utari mu by'irema.

Ibibazo by’isi yose

, A Leta OYA - Bijyanye n' ishyingiranwa (iyi ni Nyuma [[: 0% S]] [[: 1]]) Kugerageza Kuri i Bya A - EGIHE., i na Kuri Kuva: Ikindi, Amabwiriza Gicurasi. & Ongera Akugara, Nka OYA - Ubushyingiranywe Cyangwa Uburemere Kuri. Amabwiriza in mpuzamahanga.

Igisoza

Imishyikirano iri hagati y'uburenganzira bw'ishyingiranwa n'amategeko agenga uburenganzira bw'ishyingirwa ry'abana ikomeza kwihindukiza, bigaragaza agaciro gasangiwe k'uburemere n'ubumere bwiza bw'abana. Mu gihe ishyingiranwa ryabanje gushyirwaho hafi ku burenganzira bw'ububyeyi bw'ububyeyi, amategeko ya none yibanda ku nyungu nziza z'abana, ishyira mu bikorwa ihame ryihariye rirebana n'imimerere y'imiterere ya buri muryango. Guhuza amategeko y'imyifatire y'ifatire y'ubukwemeza, ibyeme byagutse byose byagutse ku buryo bwifatiweho n'ishyira mu mwanya w'umuryango wose kandi bikomeza ku biheshakira ingaruka nziza kuri buri muryango. Nk'ishyira mu rwego rw'amategeko, n'ishyirahagaragararo, na n'ishyiraha rya mbere, bikomeza kuba ari ngombwa.