Jya usobanukirwa neza uburyo bwo kumenya imishyikirano ifitanye isano

Mu gihe cy'imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, abashakanye bashaka ko bashyingirwa mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko, bahanganye n'impimbano zisanzwe kandi zirinda, ishyingiranwa ni ryo rizwi cyane kandi rizwi cyane kurusha izindi zose, ishyingiranwa n'abashakanye ryashyizweho kuba ritandukanye n'amategeko, cyane cyane mu gihe ishyingiranwa ryihariye ritabonetse hose. Nubwo uburinganire bw'ishyingiranwa bwagiye bwiyongera mu buryo bwihariye mu nzego nyinshi, ibyo bisabwa n'ubundi buryo bwagutse, kandi mu mimerere imwe n'imwe, bikaba ari byo bituma abantu bakomeza kugira inyungu za bwite cyangwa bakomeza guhitamo.

Iyi ngingo isuzuma mu buryo bunonosoye ihuriro ry'abashakanye n'abashakanye, igereranya na shingiro ry'ishyingiranwa risanzwe.

Amateka: Impamvu habayeho ubumwe bw’abaturage n’ubufatanye mu rugo

Imibanire y'abenegihugu n'imishyikirano ihuza abashakanye ntibyavutse mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko. Ahanini, byashyizweho kugira uruhare mu gutuma abashakanye batandukana n'abashakanye batanashyingiranywe. Gutangira mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 20, abaharaniraga ishyaka hamwe n’abashinga amategeko baharanira ko bahabwa uburenganzira bwemewe n'amategeko bw'imishyikirano y'ibitsina, ariko uburenganzira bwuzuye bw’ishyingiranwa bwahanganye n’ibitotezo bikomeye bya politiki n'iby’idini. Mu buryo bwihuriro, amafatizo menshi yashyizeho uburenganzira bwihariye bwihariye bwihariye bw'igenga bamwe cyangwa bwinshi bwihuriro ry’abashakanye ntakoresheje ijambo “Ubukwe."

Danemarike yabaye igihugu cya mbere gifite uburenganzira bwandikishijwe intoki (Byahuzaga n'amashyingiranwa y'abaturage) mu mwaka wa 1989. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika, Vermont yatangije itegeko rya mbere ry'ishyirahamwe rya leta mu mwaka wa 2000, rikurikirwa n'ibindi bihugu. Abashakanye, uburyo buciriritse kurushaho bwo kwemezwa, bakorewe umurimo w'ubupayiniya n'imijyi y'umujyi (G., Berkeley, San Francisco) in i na nyuma y'aho yemewe n'ibihugu bimwe.

Nyuma y'umwanzuro wafashwe na Obergefell na . Hodges mu mwaka wa 2015, wemewe n'amategeko mu gihugu cyose, ibihugu byinshi byakomeje ishyingiranwa ryihuse n'amategeko y'umuryango. Hari abashakanye bamwe na bamwe bahitamo ibyo biciro bitewe n'impamvu zishingiye ku butunzi, cyangwa ku mafaranga. Mu bihugu byinshi, ibihugu byinshi bikomeza guhana abaturage cyangwa abashyingiranywe mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko, nk’uko abashakanye babigenza, cyangwa se abashakanye bose.

Ubumwe bwunze ubumwe bushingiye ku gihugu ni iki?

na Ibiranga

Ishyingiranwa ryemewe n'amategeko ni urwego rw'ishyingiranwa ryemewe n'amategeko rigenewe guha abantu benshi uburenganzira n'inshingano z'ishyingiranwa ku rwego rwa leta. Abaturage bashyingirwa batandukanye n'ishyirahamwe ryishyingirwa, bamwe babona ko ari ukudohoka hagati y'uburinganire bwuzuye bw’ishyingiranwa n'ubutame. Uburenganzira buhagarariye butangwa ku bw'ubutware, ariko akenshi bukubiyemo guhiga, gutoza abana, kuba abaturanyi, kuba abaturanyi, n’inyungu zagezweho.

Mu bikorwa, ishyingiranwa rya Leta ni ryashinzwe mu kwandikisha n'ubutware (mu buryo bwihariye ni umukarani cyangwa umunyamabanga) na Gicurasi Cyangwa OYA Gushyiramo umuhango. Ibihugu bimwe na bimwe bisaba ko hashyirwaho umukono, mu gihe ibindi bikeneye inyandiko yemewe n'amategeko. Ishyingiranwa ry'abaturage ryashyizweho amategeko riba rifite uburenganzira bwo kwahukana, hakubiyemo kugabanya ibintu n'ubufasha bushobora gutangwa.

Aho Ubutunzi Buhuza Muri Iki Gihe

i Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika, i Amatsinda anyuranye agifite amashyingiranwa y' abenegihugu, imiterere y' ihinduka. Urugero:, amategeko y'ubumwe bw' abenegihugu agumaho, nubwo ubu abashakanye bajya gushyingiranwa. Colorado yasimbuye ishyingiranwa ry' abenegihugu na nyuma y'ishyingiranwa ryinganijwe, ishyingiranwa ryiyongera., Illinois, Rhode Island, na Hawayi, na Hawayi ifite amategeko y'ubumwe asigara ku i Ibitabo by'abaturage, ariko ubu akaba ari gake cyane., ishyingiranwa ry' abenegihugu riboneka mu bihugu byinshi, harimo n'u Burayi (Bwiyandikishije), Ubusuwisi, na ibice by'u Burayi. Ubutegetsi bwa Ositaraliya busobanura amategeko agenga uburenganzira bw’abashakanye, aharariranwa amahinyuze akoreshwa mu buryo bwo gusobanukirwa amategeko y’aho abaturanye.

Uburenganzira bujyanirana n’ubumwe bw’abenegihugu

  • [[: 0% S] na: [[: 1] Ubwoko ibyifuzo by' ibibazo by'ubwishyu by' ibibazo by'ubwifurize ya: Ikindi na in i By'ibanze Nka.
  • [[: 0% S] na: [[: 1] i Ukubura Bya A, i Indangakintu: na Itego, Kuri A.
  • [[: 0% S] Ku i Leta urwego:[[: 1] Emera ya: Leta Kosora Impamvu na Indangakintu: Muteguro ya:.
  • [[: 0% S]:[[:] na Umutekano (NIBA) Gicurasi Kuri i.
  • [[: 0% S]:[[[: 1], A Kuri A in A ni Nka i Bya Byombi, Imiryango.
  • [[: 0% S] in Kidahera:[[[1.] Indangakintu:, Gushigikira, na & Record; Nka.

Akenshi usanga uburenganzira butari mu miryango y’abenegihugu

  • [[: 0% S] (in i U.S.):[[: 1] i NONEAHA, OYA ya: Impamvu. Abarokotse, Inonosora, na ya:.
  • [[: 0% S] Kwambukiranya na:[[: 1] A Ishyirahamwe in Rimwe Leta Gicurasi Nka A Ishyingiranwa, A, Cyangwa Nta na kimwe Ku Byose in Leta. na i Bya ngombwa Kuri, OYA Kugoboka Kuri Kuva: Ikindi. Amategeko Kuri GUHINDURA Amasezerano Kuva: Ikindi Cyangwa, iyi ni OYA Bisangiwe.
  • [[: 0% S]:[[:] A Kuri A Cyangwa Icyatsi Gihinguranya i. na (). OYA ya:.
  • [[A] Gushyingiranwa mu rwego rw'idini:[[[GURU: 1] Amategeko amwe n'amwe y'ishyirahamwe ry’abenegihugu, avuga mu buryo bweruye ko ishyingiranwa atari ishyingiranwa, rishobora kugira ingaruka ku burenganzira bufitanye isano n'imihango y'idini, gusesa, na kubuzanya biturutse ku mutima mu gihe cyo kwita ku buzima.

Kugira Ishyingiranwa mu Rugo Ni Iki?

na

Imibanire y'abashakanye ni uburyo bwo guhuza na byo kandi bufite aho bugarukira. Ubusanzwe, ireba abashakanye babana kandi bagafatanya mu buzima bumwe bwo mu rugo, ariko uburinzi bwemewe n'amategeko buraruhije kurusha ubw'ishyingiranwa ry’abaturage cyangwa ry’abashakanye. Amategeko menshi agenga imibanire y'abashakanye yatangijwe ku mukoro cyangwa urwego rw'ibiro by'igihugu, yemerera abashakanye batubakanye badashyizwe mu nyandiko z’amategeko kugira ngo bagere ku nyungu runaka, urugero nk’ubwishingizi bw'ubuzima bw'umukoresha w’umuryango utanga amafaranga arezwa n'iyo mishinga.

Ishyingiranwa ritandukanye n'ishyingiranwa ryifatiweho n'amategeko, rikunze kuba rishingiye ku ishyingiranwa, ishyingiranwa rishobora kuba itsinda ry'ububiko ryemewe n'amategeko, cyangwa “amasezerano yashyizweho agenga uburenganzira bwihariye bwatanzwe.

Aho Inzu Zishobora Kuba Zifite Abashakanye

i Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika, i Imibanire y'abashakanye ikorwa ku i Leta ya Kaliforuniya (ya: Abashakanye bemewe n'amategeko, byagombwa cyane cyane ku bashakanye umwe mu bashakanye ni bagera ku 62), Nevada (ya: Byombi na + extern ex - ex - illige d’adiases), (ishyingiranwa ry’abashakanye na), na Washington (ya: Abashakanye bemewe mu rugo),, na, Bimwe mu mikoroniteri ibona ko isosiyete isone nyidarike., ishyingiranwa ryo mu rwego rw'isi rigaragara mu bihugu nka i Buholande (iburyo ry’Abaholande), na i Bya i Nouvelle - Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika (mu Bushyamiranyande na Irilande).

Uburenganzira bujya mu mibanire y’abashakanye

  • [[: 0%] [[[: 1] Abakoresha benshi bareka abo mu rugo bashakanye bashyizwe mu magara y'umuhimbyi, amenyo, na ibyifuzo, iyi ni Ikivugwaho: Kuri Bya Bijyanye n'umutungo.
  • [[: 0% S] na: [[: 1] i Uburenganzira Kuri Gusurwa mu i na Ubwoko i Muganga NIBA i Mukorana ni, Nka Birebire Nka A Cyangwa Ukwiyandikisha ni.
  • [[: 0% S] Indangakintu: na: [[: 1] Amategeko Kuri, A in i Bisangiwe Home.
  • [[: 0% S] ():[[: 1], A Gicurasi Kuri A Birenzeho, iyi ni OYA Byikoresha.

Akenshi uburenganzira bubura mu birebana n’abo mu rugo

  • [[: 0% S]: [[[:] A, Oya Kikoresha Iburyo: Kuri Kuva:, A in A Cyangwa A mu Bijyanye n' imibanire in.
  • [[: 0% S] Ku Leta na Intera:[[: 1] OYA Emera Leta Soro, na i OYA ya: Intego. Ubuzima ya: A ni Kuri i (), ni Kigenga.
  • [[: 0% S] Irinda:[[: 1] Amategeko OYA A. A, Imibare Gicurasi Kuri Idosiye A Kuri Kugabanya Indangakintu: na, ni Birutwa.
  • [[0] Bivuye Porogaramu:[[1] Abarokotse na OYA Kuri
  • [[: 0% S] Ukwizera na Kwambukiranya:[[[: 1] A in Rimwe Leta Gicurasi OYA ku Leta ya: Ikindi. Kuri Kuva: Ikindi.

Itandukaniro ry’ingenzi hagati y’ishyingiranwa, ubumwe bw’abaturage n’ubufatanye mu rugo

Bya

Ikinyuranyo/ Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi ni uko ishyingiranwa ritanga itsinda ryagutse cyane ry'uburenganzira bwemewe n'amategeko na inshingano hakurikijwe imigabane yose ya leta (ya leta, Leta, na Mpuzamahanga Biturutse ku Masezerano). Amashyingiranwa y'abene agerageza kugaragaza uburenganzira bw'ishyingiranwa ku i urwego rwa Leta, ariko incuro nyinshi aba adashoboye kumenyekana na ku buryo bwiyubashye. Abashakanye batanga uburenganzira buciriritse kurusha ubundi, ubusanzwe buhabwa umukoresha wabwo inyungu n'uburinzi bwaho.

Kwambukiranya

Ishyingiranwa rifite hafi ihuriro ry'ubwikunde mu bihugu byose, nubwo kuba mpuzamahanga ari ibintu bitandukanye. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika, Ishyaka ryuzuye na Claus bisabwa na leta igenzura ishyingiranwa ryihariye mu bindi bihugu. Amashyingiranwa y'abaturage n'abashakanye ntibipfa kwibagirwa uko bishakiye. Abashakanye b’i New York bashyingiranywe mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko muri Texas; umugabo n'umugore we mu mubano wemewe n'amategeko i Vermont, bishobora kuba bitaba bifite urwego rwemewe n'i Louisi Louisiane. Uko kuba nta cyoro gikomeye cyo gukemura abashakanye bashobora kwimuka, kunyuranya, cyangwa gukenera inyungu z’u Bumwe.

Imyitozo yo Gutanga Imisoro

AspectMarriageCivil UnionDomestic Partnership
Federal tax filingJoint or married filing separatelySingle or head of household (no joint federal return)Single (no joint federal return)
State tax filingJoint in most statesJoint if state allows (varies)Usually separate; California allows joint state return for registered domestic partners
Health insurance tax treatmentTax‑free spousal coverageMay be tax‑free if state mandates; federal tax may applyImputed income for federal tax (employer‑paid premiums are taxable to employee)
Estate tax exemptionUnlimited marital deductionLimited; federal estate tax does not apply to civil unionsNo unlimited deduction

Uburenganzira bwo Kurera Abana

Ishyingiranwa ritanga mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko uburere bw'abana babyariwe n’abashakanye mu nzego hafi ya zose. Ku mibanire y'abashakanye, uburezi bukorwa mu buryo nk’ubwo, ariko mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, bishobora gukenerwa ko abana barerwa n’abana batabyaye babyeyi, kandi mu muryango wabo, akenshi ababyeyi badafite ababyeyi batabyara abana babo bavuka, ibyo bikaba byatwara igihe gito cyane, kandi bikaba bishobora kubatwara igihe kirekire.

Ku bashakanye bakoresha ikoranabuhanga ryifashisha mu birebana no kubyara abana (mu buryo bwijenjetse, gukomokwaho n’umuntu, uburyo bwemewe n'amategeko bwo kubyara abana burushaho kuba bugoye.

Impera

Ukudatana () ni A By' amategeko y'amategeko agenga ku amategeko ya Leta, Na: ya: Amatsinda y'Imitungo, Gushigikira, Ubutware bw' abana, na Gushigikira. Amashyingiranwa y' abihurije ku ishyingiranwa. A Inyandiko z' amategeko, i Gicurasi (Byakunze Kuvanwaho k'ubumwe bw' Leta). Abashakanye, Ku i urwego, Gicurasi OYA A. Gicurasi Kuri A Cyangwa Idosiye A Urukiko rw'amategeko, na Birenzeho.

Ni Nde Wagombye Gutekereza ko Afitanye Umuryango n’Abaturage Babanye?

None se, niba umugabo n’umugore bashakanye bafite aho bageza, kuki bahitamo kubana n’abaturage cyangwa gushyingirwa n’abashakanye?

  • [[: 0% S]: [[:] Gicurasi Kuri i Inshingano Ishinga (GUK., i “” in Udusodeko)., Amasezerano Emera Leta OYA,. A.
  • [[: 0%] Gushyiraho Kuri i Ishyirahamwe ry'ishyingiranwa:[[[: 1]] Abantu bamwe na bamwe bagombwa Kuri ishyingiranwa ku bitekerezo, ku idini, Cyangwa ku myanzuro y'ikinyabupfura, amategeko ya: ya:.
  • [[: 0% S]:[[: 1] Bivanze < > < / > Imibare in i < > U.S., ni i Ihitamo A Inzira: Kuri A Icyatsi., Mpuzamahanga Gicurasi A in Home Igihugu: NIBA na Kurema Imyibahirizo Na: Bibiri Cyangwa Amategeko.
  • [[: 0% S] Abashakanye (Cyangwa KURI 62):[:], ni Bihari Kuri Imibanire, Rimwe ni KURI 62, A Kuri Gicurasi Cyangwa Abasusire., (G., A) Emera Kuri Na: na.
  • [[: 0% S]: [[: 1] ni OYA (na U.S. amashami:), Amatsinda y' ibiturage Gicurasi i kirekire kurusha ibindi urwego Bya By' amategeko Bihari. Urugero:, in na Bya, ishyingiranwa OYA.
  • [[: 0%] A NYACYO Ubwihisho:[[: 1]] Na: i By' amategeko na Bya i Bya Gushyingiranwa A By' amategeko Imimerere Shingiro. in Kigenga Cyangwa Byo hasi na Oya.

Kwita ku bashakanye mu buryo bw’ingirakamaro

Jya ugenzura neza ibyo ushyira mu mwanya wa mbere

Mbere yo guhitamo urwego rw’ishyingiranwa, abashakanye bagomba gusuzuma ibyo bakeneye. Muri byo harimo ibi bibazo by’ingenzi:

  • Niba ari uko bimeze, gushaka ni byo bituma ababyeyi barushaho kurinda abana babo.
  • Ishyingiranwa rituma habaho amacakubiri y’ibintu n’ihuriro ry’abashakanye.
  • Ese twaba dukeneye inyungu za leta (Umutekano wa Leta, inyungu z’abahoze ari abashyitsi, no kwimukira mu gihugu)?
  • Ese duhora dukora ingendo cyangwa tugateganya kwimukira mu kindi gihugu?
  • Abakoresha benshi babwira abo bashakanye ko bazabaha inyungu, ariko iyo batabaha imisoro, baba batabaha umusoro uruta uwo bashakanye.

Kugenzura...

Amategeko agenga imishyikirano anyuranye cyane ku birebana na leta n'igihugu. Ingero nke:

  • [[: 0% S][[:], Byose i na Imyanya y' imibano y'twubakane Leta, Guhangana n' imisoro na.
  • [[: 0% S][[: 1], Amasezerano Kuri Ishyingiranwa, na i Leta Inyuma Amasezerano Nka., OYA Byose ikomangiriro Na:.
  • [[: 0% S][[: 1], i Ishyirahamwe ( guhera Nyuma) Imibanire Kuri Kuri GUHINDURA Kuri Cyangwa Gukomeza; i Leta Oya Gishya.
  • , [[: 0% S] [[: 1] () Abashakashakashakana OYA i Kuri. Imibanire Hitamo... ku Byoroheje Ku i Ububiko.... [[:] [[:] [Kuri]] (Kuri Gishya, Byemewe ya:) na Ikoro, OYA Cyuzuye Imitozo.

a Kuri

Kubera ko ishyingiranwa ryihuta n'ubumwe bwo mu rugo bidafite uburenganzira bwikoranyirijweho na leta, ni iby’ingenzi ko abashakanye bashyiraho inyandiko zemewe n'amategeko kugira ngo ziyuzuze imyanya. Inyandiko z’ingenzi zikubiyemo:

  • [[: 0% S] na:[[:] i Bidahera Gutinda.
  • [[: 0% S] UMWIKUBE Bya ya: Amafaranga:[[:] i Kuri kuyobora Konti, na Indangakintu: NIBA i Ikindi.
  • [[: 0% S] Porogisi Cyangwa UMWIKUBE Bya:[[: 1] i Mukorana: Kuri Ubwoko.
  • [[: 0% S] /:[[: 1] Ibyahiswemo ya: Impera.
  • [[: 0% S] Bya Kurinda kugirango: [[[1] NIBA i Ufuye, i Kuri Gusaba i

na Imyifatire Igoranye

Imishinga y'ishyingiranwa igenda irushaho kuba myiza, igenda irushaho kuba ngombwa, kandi ishyingiranwa rishobora kuba rishya. Abashyigikira imyanya isabwa kugira ngo ikomeze kuboneka ku bashakanye. Icyo gihe, bamwe bavuga ko kuba hariho ibinyuranye bifitanye isano bikomeza kuba “aabusango bingana” ishyingiranwa rigabanya uburinganire. Mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, abashakanye bafitanye isano ry'abahuje igitsina, bagatanga uburyo bwo gushyingiranwa bunyuranye n'ubundi bw'ishyingiranwa ry’abashakanye (.,, mu Bufaransa, muri Afurika y'Epfo).

Ku bashinzwe amategeko, ibibazo by’ingenzi birimo byiyemeza ko icyemezo icyo ari cyo cyose cyemewe n’amategeko gitanga:

  • [[: 0% S] Imimerere Kwambukiranya, muri A Sisitemu. ya: i Ihindurangero Bya Cyangwa Kuri Imurakaro.
  • [[: 0% S] Irinda:[[[: 1] A Leta A Imimerere, i NYACYO Gushyiraho Bya Nka Leta,,,, na.
  • [[: 0% S] Gukomatanya:[[: 1]] A Cyangwa ya: i By' amategeko.
  • [[: 0% S] ya: A Imimerere:[: 1] Amategeko Kuri (Nka na Ubuzima Inshingano) Kuri Ishyirahamwe na Imibare A Ubujyakuzimu Bya.

Umwanzuro: Mwihitiremo uko mushoboye

Icyemezo hagati y'ishyingiranwa, ishyingiranwa, cyangwa imibanire y'abashakanye, ni umuntu ku giti cye, na shingiro ry'ihuriro. Ishyingiranwa rikomeza kuba ihame rya zahabu ryo kwemererwa mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko, rigatanga uburinzi bukomeye, ubuturo, no kwemerwa n'abantu. Icyakora, ishyingiranwa ry’abaturage ritanga uburenganzira bungana n'ubusumbane ku rwego rwa leta, kandi rishobora kugirira akamaro abashakanye bifuza kwirinda imisoro runaka y'imisoro ya leta cyangwa abatemera ishyingiranwa nk’ishyirahame ry’ishyingiranwa. Abashakanye, nubwo usanga ari n’uburenganzira bw’ibanze, bahabwa abashakanye baba bakeneye ko bashyingirwa kandi bakaba bakeneye guhabwa umutungo wabo nta migisha itangwa.

Abashakanye bagomba kuganira n’umucamanza w’umuryango umenyereye amategeko agenga igihugu cyabo cyangwa igihugu cyabo, kubera ko hari ibintu byinshi binyuranyije n’amahitamo mabi, kandi ingaruka z’amahitamo mabi zishobora kuba zinyura ku imisoro, umurage n’ibibazo by’umuryango.

, i [[: 0% S] Incamake Bya na Amabwiriza [[: 1], i [[:] ya: Ibiyapani [[: 3]], na i [[:] Icyinjijwe ku [:].