Basa Rakaoma Kunzwisisa reHurumende Mukuchinja uye Kuchengeta Kutaura Kwenhau Kunofadza

Munhau yose yakanyorwa, hurukuro dzakabatira sezvikonzero zvokuchinja kwenzanga, chinjo yezvamatongerwe enyika, uye mamiriro etsika. Kunyange zvazvo kuri seri kwokutaura kwose kwakaumbazve rudzi kunoitika kazhinji kazhinji pamusoro pomutambi akatarira: hurumende. Ukama pakati pamasangano anodzora namashoko ane simba hahuna kupfaviswa kana kuti kusiana kumwe. Hurumende dzakatsigira panzvimbo imwe chete. Hurukuro dzavose dzinotsigira nokutsigira nokutsigira nzanga uye vakurukuri vakaiswa mutorongo; dzakadzivirira manzwi echinjo dzechinjo nehurumende dzinonzverwa. Kunzwisisa iri basa rimwe nerimwe kunozivisa zvikuru pamusoro penziraniso yamasangano, chengeteko, chengeteko, uye maruramiro okuko kuoneka kwapamutemo kupfurikidza nokudzokororwa kwenhau uko hurumende dzakaita kuti dzose dziri mbiri dzishandure nokudzorwa kwadzorwa kwenhau, zviono zvenhau, uye kusawirirana kupfuurira kurondedzera uku kuderera kwetsika.

Mienzaniso Yenhau yeHurumende Inogoverana Nekutaura Kunochinja

Mabasa Anodzivirira: Apo Hurumende Dzinodzivirira Manzwi Anotaura

Mumwe wemienzaniso yakatanhamara zvikurusa yedziviriro yehurumende yenhau yakaitika mukati meAmerican Civil Rights Movement. Apo Martin Luther King Jr. akapa hurukuro yake "Ine Droto" pamatanho eChirangaridzo cheLincoln muna 1963, akataura asina muchivande asi netsigiro yechokwadi yehurumende yehurumende. March paWashington yakatenderwa neBato reProbacter, uye National Park Service yakagovera mvumo nechengeteko. Ikoku kwakanga kusiri netsaona: kudzoro yaPrezidhesi John F. Kennedy akaziva kufora segungano rine rugare rakadzivirirwa neFost Amendment, kunyange setsigiro yehurumende yeMajeni yeAmerica yaida kudzvinyirirwa.

Nenzira yakafanana, muna 1965, Purezidhendi Lyndon B. Johnson akashandisa hurukuro yake amene kuCongress kutsigira Voting Rights Act, achitaura kuti "tichakurira" – kugamuchirwa kwakananga kwerwiyo rwesangano. Pano, hofisi yakakwirira zvikurusa munyika ino panzvimbo pokunyaradza kutaura kwaizochinja mugariro wapamutemo werudzi. Basa rehurumende rakanga risati riri retendero isina basa asi kutsigira kwokushingaira, kuchishandisa chikuva chamasimba masimba kufambisira mberi mutemo wekodzero dzevagari vemo.

Mabasa Anodzvinyirira: Apo Hurumende Dzinonyarara

Hurumende dzakashandisawo chiremera chadzo kudzivisa kutaura kunzwiwa. Muna 1918, mukati meHondo yeNyika I, mutungamiriri wehurumende yeU.S. akatonga musocialist Eugene V. Debs pasi peEspionage Act nokuda kwehurukuro umo iye akatsoropodza nhamburiko yehondo. Dare Rapamusorosoro rakatsigira kupwiswa kwake mu Debs v. United States , ichipomera kuti mashoko ake akamutsa ` "kajeka uye aipa ngozi." Debs akagamuchira tongero yejeri yegore gumi, kunyange zvazvo kutaura kwake kusina masimba masimba. Ikoku kunoratidzira kuti hurumende inogona sei kutsigira chengeteko yorudzi kuti ive kurukurirano yeshoko rinotyisidzira, kunyange apo mukurukuri anodzivirirwa mumimimimiriro yeshoko yavose.

Hurumende dzavatongi dzinogovera mienzaniso yakakomba zvikuru. Muna 1989, hurumende yeChina yakanyaradza kutaura kwezvehurumende kwechipameso muTiananmen Square nehondo. MuRussia yazvino uno, mitemo inorwisana ne "udzvinyiriri" yakashandiswa kuisa mutorongo vanhu vanoshorwa vakadai saAlei Navally, vane kero dzinofumura ushati hwehurumende. Izvi zvinoratidzira kuti hurumende dzinogona kuita semhinganidzo huru kuhurukuro dzenhau, pane dzimwe nguva dzinodziita kubva muyeuko yavose.

Nzvimbo Yachena: Tsigiro Yemitengo Nechinosarudzwa

Hakusati kuri kupindira kuri kwose kwehurumende kunodzivirira chose chose kana kuti kunodzvinyirira chose chose. Mukati menhambo yeantebellum muUnited States, hurumende yakachengeta chimiro chinopesana pahurukuro dzokubvisa. Nepo Bumbiro reMitemo rakadzivirira nenzira yemataurire akasununguka, Madokero akapfuudza mitemo yaidzongonyedza kuparadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinorwisana navaranda. Hurumende yehurumende yaiwanzotarira imwe nzira, uye "utongeso" muCongress (1866-184) yakabatanidza zvikumbiro zvose pamusoro pouranda pasina kurukurirano. Iyi dziviriro inosarudzwa yakareva kuti kutaura kwakachinja nhau yakaita souDouglasss (1852 "Chii kuMuranda Wechishanu waJuly"? – yaigona bedzi kupiwa munyika dzakasununguka, uye kunyange mutyisidziro kutyisidzira kwamasimba masimba masimba masimba izvo hurumende yakadzivisa.

Iyi chinyorwa chenhau chinosimbisa kuti kubatanidzwa kwehurumende hakuwanzova kwechienzi. Gadziriro imwe cheteyo yebumbiro remitemo yakadzivirira Dr. King yakabvumira kurovererwa kwemaDebs. Musiyano wacho waiwanzotsamira pamamiriro ezvinhu ezvematongerwe enyika, mwero unozivikanwa wetyisidziro, uye kudisa kwehurumende kutsigira misengwa yayo yapamutemo.

Dziviriro Dzapamutemo Dzokutaura: Nheyo Yebasa reHurumende

Kutonga Kwechibvumirano Chokutanga muUnited States

Musimboti wepamutemo wedziviriro yehurumende yehurukuro muUnited States iFirst Amendment, inorambidza kuti Parces iite mitemo "idzivisa rusununguko rwokutaura. Mumazana maviri amakore edare Gurusa akanatsa nheyo iyi. Zvisarudzo zvikuru zvakadai se Brandenburg v. Ohio [1969] yakasimbisa kuti kutaura kusiri pamutemo kunodzivirirwa kutoti kwa "kudzorwa kana kuti kuparira chiito chokusateerera mutemo chiri pedyo uye kungangokurudzira kana kuti kuita chiito chakadaro." iyi danda rakakwirira rinovimbisa kuti kunyange hurukuro dzinodenha chiremera dzehurumende dzinodzivirirwa kazhinji.

Chimwe chiitiko chechiratidzo, texas v. Johnson (1998), chinosimbisa kuti kupiswa kwemireza – chimiro chomutauro wokufananidzira - kwakadzivirirwa nenzira yebumbiro remitemo. Dare rakatonga kuti hurumende haigoni kuita kuti kutaura kurege kuitwa nemhaka yokuti yakagumbura voruzhinji. Iyi chisarudzo chakadzivirira zvakananga kutaura kwakashurikidza muitiro wokumwe weU.S., kuratidzira kuti gadziriro dzapamutemo dzinogona kudzivirira manzwi anopesana nokutsiva kwehurumende.

Zvisinei, idzi dziviriro hadzina kuganhurirwa. Dare Rapamusoro rakabvumira ganhuriro dzakaganhurirwa pamapoka okutaura akadai sokuzvidza, zvinonyadzisa, uye "kurwisana namashoko". Hurumende inodzorawo kutaura mumashoko akapoteredza akajeka: vashandi voruzhinji vane dziviriro shomanene apo vanotaura pabasa, uye kutaura kwezvokutengeserana kungazviisa pasi penguva, nzvimbo, uye ganhuriro dzinorwadza. Dzikamo pakati pokudzivirira kutaura kunokuvadza nenhevedzano iri madikanwa inoramba iri kurukurirano yapamutemo, sezvinoonwa muzvinoitika zvazvino uno pamusoro pemitemo yokutaura kworuvengo uye mwero wezvinobudisa nhau.

Mabasa Ezvepamutemo Munyika Yose: Kupesana Mukudzivirira

Kupfuura United States, dzimwe hurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu dzakatanga mienzaniso yakasiana. United Kingdom’s Human Rights Act inobatanidza Chikamu 10 cheEuropean Convention on Human Rights, inodzivirira rusununguko rwekutaura asi inobvumira ganhuriro idzo dziri "dziri madikanwa munzanga yedemokratiki" nokuda kwechengeteko yenyika, perero yenzvimbo, uye vhiringidziko. Ikoku kwakabvumira UK kurambidza kutaura kwakati kwezvamatongerwe enyika, zvakadai saavo vanorumbidza ugandanga muChiteko chaMadek.

Dare reNazi reNazi rinovimbisa rusununguko rwokutaura asi rinoramba zvakajeka dziviriro yokutaura kunodenha "muitiro wehurumende wakasununguka wehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Ikoku kwakagonesa hurumende kudzvinyirira kurambwa kwemashoko matsva naNazi, uko kwaizodzivirirwa nenzira yebumbiro remitemo muUnited States. Tchata yeCanada yekodzero neFreedoms inobvumira nenzira yakafanana "ganhuriro dzine mufungo" pakutaura, kubatanidza mitemo yoruvengo iyo Dare Rapamusoro re kulankhula reCanada rakatsigira mu .R. Keegstra[[[[FLT: 1]] [1990]]. Iyi misiyano yamarudzi ose inobvumiranwa yehurumende inobvumira zvakafanana kuti miganhuro yakaumbwa nenhau dzapamutemo netsika.

Basa Romutemo Wekodzero Dzevanhu Wemarudzi Ose

Pamwero wamarudzi ose, Chikamu 19 cheUniversal Declaration of Human Rights chinozivisa kuti "munhu ari wose ane maruramiro orusununguko rwemifungo neratidziro". International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), yakatenderwa nenyika 173, inopfupikisazve kuti iyi maruramiro anobatanidza "rusununguko rwokutsvaka, kugamuchira nokupa mashoko nepfungwa dzamarudzi ose." Zvisinei, ICPPR inobvumirawo ganhuriro dziri "dzinodikanwa" nokuda kwe "kurangarira kodzero kana kuti mukurumbira wavamwe" uye "kuchengetedzwa kana kuti kurongeka kwerudzi rwavanhu."

Izvi zvishandiso zvamarudzi ose zvinoparira kariro inopesana yokuti hurumende dzinodzivirira kutaura, asi dzinogoverawo gadziriro yapamutemo yokuti hurumende dziruramise kunzvera. Denho iri mukuita kuti: nyika dzakadai seChina neNorth Korea idivi ramasangano kuCCPR asi inodzivisa nenzira yakarongwa kutaura kwokuramba. Mukaha pakati pemisengwa nemuitiro zvapamutemo unowanzova mukuru, uchiita basa rehurumende yose iri mbiri nhau yomutemo nechido chezvamatongerwe enyika.

Mitoro yeHurumende Mukutaura Kunofadza Munhau

Kudzivirirwa Kunoshingaira Kwevanotaura Nevateereri

Hurumende dzine mutoro wokuita mhoteredzo yakakotsekana nokuda kwehurukuro yavose.Izvozvi zvinobatanidza kugovera dziviriro yamapurisa pamisangano, kuva nechokwadi chokuti nzvimbo dzinowanika, uye kupomera avo vanoedza kudzongonyedza magungano apamutemo. Mukati ma 1965 Selma kuMontgomery, vakuru vakuru vehurumende neAlabama National Guard (vakaitwa naPresidenti Johnson) vaidzivirira vashingairi vane hurukuro dzavo dzakanga dzichibatsira mukupfuudza Voting Rights Act. Pasi pokuvapo kwehurumende iyi, vafambi vangadai vaidzorwa nechisimba kubva kuvarwi.

Mumamiriro azvino uno, hurumende dzinokarirwa kudzivirira vatori venhau navakurukuri pakunetswa paIndaneti uye kuvhurutswa. Nepo hurumende isingagoni kumisa vatambi vose vomunhu oga kuti vasatyisidzira, inogona kuongorora ndokutonga mhosva dzakaipisisa, nokudaro ichiratidzira kuti kutyisidzira vakurukuri hakuzoshivirirwi. Iri basa rinodzivirira rinotambanukira kukuvimbisa kuti manzwi anodzivigwa anosvika kuzvikuva - kwete bedzi kupesana nemitemo, asi matanho anoshingaira kupesana nesimba riripo reasmmetries.

Kuchengeta Kutaura Nokuda Kwokunyora

Hurumende dzinoitawo basa rinokosha mukunyora nokuchengeta chinyorwa chehurukuro dzenhau. National Archives muUnited States inochengeta zvireko zvemanzwi nevhidhiyo zvekero dzapurezidhendi, nharo dzedare, uye nharo dzeDare Rapamusoro-soro. Raibhurari yeCongress ine mapepa emifananidzo yakawanda ine simba, ichivimbisa kuti zvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi zvinogona kufunda mashoko akaumba nzanga yavo. Masangano eHurumende akaumbwa seBritish Library resingular uye Australian National Film and Sound Archive anoita mabasa akafanana.

Iri basa guru harisiri redzidzo. Kuwana mashoko ose aDr. King’s "Letter kuBirmingham Jail" – yakachengetwa muzvivako zvehurumende – inobvumira nyanzvi kuongorora zvibvumikiso zvepamutemo uye zvetsika zvakatsigira Civil Rights Movement. Kana hurumende dzikakundikana kuchengeta zvinhu izvi, zvingava nokuregeredza kana kuti kuparadzwa nemaune, dzinobvisa mativi enhau. Somuenzaniso, hurumende yeChina yakabvisa kana kuti yakaganhurirwa kukurukura hurukuro kwaTianann Square Cariterite, zvichiita kuti zviomere vanyori venhau dzakaitika kuti zviitiko izvozvo zvivanduke kugadzirisa zvinhu zvakarurama.

Kudzikamisa Kuchengeteka Nekodzero Dzedu

Mutoro wehurumende unova wakakombasa ndiwo kudzikamisa maruramiro okutaura mukurwisana nedzimwe fariro dzapamutemo, dzakadai sechengeteko yavose nechengeteko yorudzi. Kuedza kwakakurumbira kweAmerica, kwakapinzwa mu Scheck v. United States [19]), kunosimbiswa kuti kunyange kutaura kwakadzivirirwa zvikurusa hakupi munhu maruramiro ku "moto" muhoro yakatsvikinyidzana. Iyi rondedzero yakatsoropodzwa zvikuru asi inoramba ine pesvedzero: hurumende dzinofanira kusarudza apo mutsetse wokutaura unobva mukutaura kunodzivirirwa kupinda mungozi inoshanda.

Zvinetso zvazvino uno zvinobatanidza kutaura kworuvengo kunonyandura masimba masimba pamapoka maduku, kusabvumirana kunoderedza kuvimbika kwesarudzo, uye mashoko anoparadzirwa amagandanga ayo anopinza vateveri vatsva. Hurumende dzinonyanyotsvaka chengeteko dzinogona kutyisa kutaura kwose kwokusabvumirana, nepo idzo dzinonyanyonanga kukubvumira madiro dzingabvumira kuvadziko chaiyoiyo. Chigadzikiso hachisi mutoo mumwe wakakwana asi mutoo unojeka, une nheyo unoshanda mipimo inowirirana. Matare, masangano anotarisira akasununguka, uye kunzvera kwose kunobetsera kunoita kuti hurumende dzizvidavirire nokuda kwezvisarudzo zvadzo.

Matambudziko Aripo Iye Zvino Nenyaya Dzichamuka

Muganhu Wemashoko: Kudzorwa Kwemashoko Nekombiyuta neHurumende

Internet yakawedzera zvikuru kusvika kwokutaura kunogona kuchinja nhau. Kutaura kumwe kwoutachiona kunogona kukurudzira mamiriyoni mukati memaawa, sezvinoonekwa muBlack Lives Confect and Arabhu Spring. Kunyange Hurumende dziri kutamburira kuchinja mabasa adzo egamuchidzanwa kutsika dzemakombiyuta. Hurumende inofanira kuda zviteshi zvemasangano enzanga kuti ibvise kutaura kunoputsa mitemo yomunharaunda, kunyange kana zvikuva zvakakomberedzwa zvikapfuudzwa kune imwe nyika? Mhinduro inosiyana zvikuru: European Union’s Digitagic Service Act inorayira kuti zviteshiviso zvine mwero, nepo U.C.C. Komiti 230 inodzivirira zviteshi zvamagaro zvemasangano ezvokushandisa.

Hurumende dzakavambawo kushandisa nzvero dzemipimo kunzvera uye pane dzimwe nguva dzinokurumidza kunyarara vangada kunyarara. MuChina, "Fireall" inovhara zvikuva zvokunze izvo zvinotakura hurukuro dzinotapukira, uye zvikuva zvepamba zvinodikanwa kunzvera zviri mukati zvinoiswa negadziriro dzinoshandiswa. Muhurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu. Musimba rehurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu, mano okumanikidza mapuratifomu kubvisa kutaura – somuUnited Kingdom’s Online Safety Bill – inosimudzira itiro dzinokosha pamusoro pokuvarairwa. Chinetso chiri kukukudziridza kutaura kwakasununguka apo kunenge kuri kukuvadza kwechokwadi semashoko oruvengo uye kubvisa.

Kudzivirira Kusanzwa

Imwe yenharaunda dzinokakavadzana zvikurusa dzedziviriro yehurumende musiyano pakati pekutaura kworuvengo nehurukuro yapamutemo yezvamatongerwe enyika. MuUnited States, Dare Rapamusorosoro rakaramba richidavira kuti kutaura kworuvengo kunodzivirirwa kutoti kwaipinda mutyisidziro, kunetsa, kana kuti kunyandura. Mu Matal v. Tam[FLT] [2017], Dare rakarova mutemo unorambidza kunyoreswa kwemashoko anozvidza, richisimbisa kuti "Revei kurege kurambidzwa pavhu iro rinobudisa pfungwa dzinogumbura." Ikoku kunoreva kuti mukuru mukuru mukuru wehurumende haagoni kuramba mvudzo nokuda kwokungovara kurukurirano yaro inova inotambudza rudzi.

Nenzira inopesana, hurumende zhinji dzeEurope dzinoita kuti kutaura kworuvengo kuve kwokupa mhaka, kubatanidza kurambwa kwezviito zvenhau. Kurambidzwa kweGermany pakuramba Ruganda kwakatsigirwa sezvinodikanwa kudzivisa kumutsidzirwa kwechiNazi. Dare rapamusoro reCanada mu R. v. Keegstra[ yakatsigira mitemo yokutaura yoruvengo inodenha namaune kusimudzira ruvengo pamapoka anozivikanwa. Basa rehurumende mugadziriro idzi ndero kudzvinyirira nenzira yokushingaira mapoka akati ekutaura, ichitaura kuti kuvadziko kumapoka mashoma inokunda maruramiro omukurukuri akasununguka. Kukurukurirana hakugadziriswi nyore nyore, asi kunoitwa kuti kujeke, kutsinhirana zvinotaura nheyo nokuda kwokudzivirira kutaura uye apo ivo vachapindira.

Kusaziva Nenjodzi Yechivimbo

Kuwanda kwamashoko enhema – icho vazhinji vanodana kuti "fake nhau" – kunopa muedzo mutsva nokuda kwokubatanidzwa kwehurumende nokutaura. Nhimbe dzeDiantformation dzinogona kubvisa sarudzo, sezvinoonekwa nedzokudzorwa kweRussia murusarudzo rwa2016 U.S. dzimwe hurumende dzakapindura kupfurikidza nokupfuudza mitemo iyo inoputsa kuparadzirwa kwamashoko enhema, zvakadai sePutgargot of Online Dissicales and Manipect (POFMA). Vatsoropo vanoramba kuti mitemo yakadaro inopa hurumende chishandiso chokudzivisa kutsoropodza kwapamutemo kupfurikidza nokuizivisa kuva yenhema.

Basa rehurumende mukurwisa mashoko akaipa rinofanira kusanorongwa. Nhimbe dzedzidzo yavose, zvirongwa zvokudzidza nokunyora mashoko, uye kutsigira zvinyorwa zvemapepanhau zvakazvimirira hazviganhuriri zvikuru kupfuura kunzvera kwakananga. Munzanga dzedemocracy, chiteshi chakanakisisa kukutaura kwakashata kutaura kwakawanda - sokutaura kwaMutongi Louis Brandeis kwakakurumbira kukwidziridza nzvimbo ingave isati iripo munguva yearelic ac prondition. Hurumende dzinofanira kusarudza kana dzichifanira kuita savacherekedzeri, vatambi, kana kuti vacherekedzi mumi vemashoko.

Kutaura kweHurumende Nenhau Dzavose

Pakupedzisira, hurumende dzimene ihurukuro, uye kurukurirano dzadzo dzimene dzinogona kuumba gakava ravose. Kutaura kwapamutemo kunobva kuna purezidhendi, mutungamiriri wehurumende, kana kuti mambo kunorema zvikuru. Hurumende dzine mutoro wokuva nechokwadi chokuti kutaura kwadzo dzimene kwakarurama chaizvoizvo uye hadzishandisi chikuva chadzo kunyaradza vashori. Mufungo we "public forum" – nzvimbo dzakadai sepaki nemigwagwa zvamagamuchidzanwa zvinoshandiswa nokuda kwomubato unorevesa misengwa pahurumende: hadzigoni kuganhurira kusvika kwakavakirwa pamurangariro, uye dzinofanira kuchengeta nzvimbo idzi sedzakazarukira vakurukuri vose.

Gakava remisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi pamusoro pokubvumira vashori pedyo nekokorodzano dzezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti mukati mezviteshi zvendege rinosimbisa uku kusagadzikana kunopfuurira. Hurumende dzinodzora nzvimbo inoonekwa dzinofanira kushandisa mitemo isingatori rutivi, kwete kuda murangariro mumwe wezvamatongerwe enyika pane imwe. Chisarudzo cheDare Gurusasasa. Minnesota Voters Alliance v. Mansky [208]) dzakaparadza kurambidzwa kwezvipfeko zvamatongerwe enyika panzvimbo dzokuvhotera nemhaka yokuti chirambidzo chakanga chisina kunyanyojeka uye chinobvumirwa kudzika. Mhaka iyi inoratidza kuti basa rehurumende semanejasi wezvinhu harifaniri kudzosa maruramiro avakurukuri.

Mugumisiro: Basa Risingakoshi Bva Rinonyengera reHurumende

Kutaura kwakachinja nhau yakaitika — kubva kumariro ePericles kuMaricule's "Bood, Sweat, and Miss," kubva ku "Indai" yaGandhia "Ibva kuIndia" kero kuMalala Yousafzai kutaura kweUN - hakuna kuitika pasina chinhu. Zvakaitika mukati menzvimbo dzakati dzezvamatongerwe enyika nedzepamutemo, nehurumende dzichibvisa nzira kana kuti kumisa miganhu. Basa rehurumende rakarurama harisi rokusatora rutivi asi kudzivirira kwomutemo, kunobatanidza neganhuriro dzinobatira fariro dzavose dzinogombedzera. Ikoku kunoda zvirongwa zvapamutemo zvapamutemo, zvigaro zvapamutemo, uye vagari vemo avo vanozvidavirira kuvatungamiriri vadzo.

Hapana hurumende yakakwana mukuita basa iri. Kunyange nyika dzinoda democracy zvikurusa dzine zvinoitika zvinonyadzisa zvokudzvinyirira, uye kunyange nyika dzine chiremera chinodzvinyirira dzakadzivirira panhambo nenhambo vapanduki apo dzaibatira zvinangwa zvavo. Chidzidzo chamasangano nhasi ndechokuti ukama hwehurumende nehurukuro dzinochinjanyanisa nhau inofanira kukurukurwa nguva dzose. Mitemo inofanira kugadziridzwa nokuda kworuzivo rutsva. Kunzwisiswa kwavanhu kwenheyo dzokutaura norusununguko kunofanira kusimbiswa. Uye vanhu vanofanira kuramba vakasvinurira hurumende ipi neipi ingatengesa inzwi ravo nokuda kwechengeteko yavo. Kutsungirira kwenzanga yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu kunofanira kutsamira pairi.

Nokuda kwokuraviwazve panheyo dzapamutemo dzakakurukurwa: Mutemo wokutanga paNational Archives, ACLU] Nhungamiro yeFOD YOKUtaura yapachena [, uye [[FLT] International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights .