Nyika nderimwe ramasangano ane simba zvikurusa uye anopararira muupenyu hwazvino uno. Kubvira panguva yaunoberekwa ndokugamuchira rugwaro rwokuberekwa kunzira dzaunotyaira, zvikoro zvinopinda, uye mitemo inodzivirira maruramiro ako, pesvedzero yehurumende haisati iri yenguva dzose uye isingadzivisiki. Chinongova navagari vazhinji vane nzwisiso isina kujeka yeizvo hurumende inoita chaizvoizvo, uko chiremera chayo chinobva, uye misengwa yachinayo kuvanhu kwainodzora. Kunzwisisa kwakajeka kwamasimba enyika nemitoro zvedzidzo hakusati kuri kungova zivo bedzi nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anoda kuva anoziviswa, anopindwa chikwereti, uye anobudirira muhurumende inotonga. Nyaya iyi inogovera kupfupikisa kwakazara basa rayo, masimba makuru, uye mitoro mikuru, uye mitoro chaiyoiyo inova nemitoro yako.

Chii Chiri Hurumende?

Pamwero wayo mukurusa, nzanga yakarongwa yezvamatongerwe enyika inoshandisa chiremera chikurusa panharaunda yakarondedzerwa nechiverengero chayo chavagari vemo. Haisi hurumende kana kuti chiverengero chavakuru vakuru; panzvimbo pezvo, nyika chishandiso chose chamasangano, mitemo, masangano, uye miitiro izvo pamwe chete zvinochengeta nhevedzano yavose, uye kuisa mitemo. Mufungo wazvino uno wehurumende wakabuda muEurope mukati mezana ramakore rechi 16 nerechi 17, navafungi vakaita saThobbes naJohn Locke pamusoro pechibvumirano chenzanga (jeri renzanga) pfungwa yokuti vanhu vamwe navamwe vanobvumirana kupa rusununguko mukutsinhanhamisano nokuda kwechengeteko nomutemo. Nhasi, mugariro wacho unoratidzirwa nenzira yakatanhamara namativi mana anokosha: vagari vemo venguva dzose, nyika yakarondedzerwa, nyika yakarondedzerwa, hurumende, uye simba rokupinda muukamadzano nedzimwe nyika (Gene).

Kunokosha kusiyanisa hurumende nehurumende. Hurumende isangano rinopfuurira rinopfuurira kupfurikidza nechinjo muutungamiriri; hurumende iboka rechinguvana ravanhu vane simba rehurumende, romutemo, uye rokutonga panguva ipi neipi. Hurumende inobatanidzawo mauto, mapurisa, gadziriro yedare, zvikoro zvavose, uye masangano anodzorwa. Kunzwisisa iyi rondedzero inopfuurira kupfurikidza nechinjo muutungamiriri kunobetsera vagari vemo kuona kuti pesvedzero yehurumende inotambanukira kure nemisoro mikuru yehurumende yakasarudzwa.

Masimba eHurumende eChervey

Kuti iite basa rayo, hurumende inoshandisa masimba makuru anoverengeka. Aya haasati ari maturusi anodikanwa kana kuti netsaona (*) anobetsera nyika kudzora nenzira inobudirira. Pasi apa pane mapoka makuru esimba rehurumende, rimwe nerimwe rine mienzaniso yenyika chaiyoiyo.

Simba Romutemo

Simba remitemo ichiremera kuvamba, kudzorwa, uye kudzorwa kwemitemo izvo zvinosunga munhu ari wose mukati moudzori hwehurumende. Iri simba rinowanzoiswa muparamende, musangano, kana kuti mutumbi wakafanana. Somuenzaniso, muUnited States, Congress inopa mitemo yehurumende panhau dzinovambira pamutero kusvikira kukodzero dzavagari vemo. Pamwero wehurumende, vaiti vemitemo vanogadza mitemo padzidzo, zvokufambisa, uye utano hwavanhu vose. Chibvumirano chinobvumira kurukurirano yavose nokubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira, kuchiita mukoto wakananga zvikurusa nokuda kwevagari vemo kuti vadzore mutemo kupfurikidza navamiriri vavo vakasarudzwa.

Simba Rine Chiremera

Simba rinotonga ichiremera rokushandisa nokushandisa mitemo inopiwa nedare. Bazu guru, rinotungamirirwa napurezidhendi, gavhuna, kana kuti mutungamiriri wehurumende, rinotungamirira kushanda kwezuva nezuva kwemasangano ehurumende. Ikoku kunobatanidza kubudisa zvirevo zvose kubva kuvakuru vakuru zvokutungamirira mapurisa, kuunganidza mitero, uye kutungamirira mapurogiramu enzanga. Mukuru mukuru mukuru wacho anoshandisawo kuchenjera kukuru mumiitiro yokumwe nechengeteko yenyika. Somuenzaniso, gavhuna angazivisa hurumende yokutevera njodzi yomusikirwo, kuunganidza zvinhu uye kutungamirira masangano ehurumende kuti ape mhinduro.

Simba Rokutonga

Simba rokutonga ichiremera chokududzira mitemo, kupedza gakava, uye kuisa ruramisiro. Matare panzvimbo yomunzvimbomo, hurumende, uye hurumende anosarudza kana mitemo iri pamutemo, kusarudza muuyo wemitongo yavagari vemo neutsotsi, uye kugovera chekichero pamamwe mapazu ehurumende. judicariary ibwe rekona rokutonga kwedemokrase, kusimbisa kuti hakuna munhu kana kuti bazi rehurumende riri pamusoro pomutemo. Kutonga kweLandmark, kwakadai seU.S. Dare gurusa renhau mu Brown v. Dare reDrashiciation[FFG:1]], rinoratidzira kuti simba rokutonga rinogona sei kudzosa nzanga kupfurikidza nemitemo yorutsinga.

Simba Rokubhadhara Mitero

Simba remitero rinokosha nemhaka yokuti rinopa mari inodikanwa kutsigira mibato yose yehurumende. Rubhadharo runogona kuva nezvimiro zvakawanda, kubatanidza mitero yemari inowanwa, mitero yokutengesa, mitero yemitero yemari, uye mitero yemakambani. Pasina iripo iri simba iri, hurumende haingagoni kubhadhara zvikoro, migwagwa, mapurisa, dziviriro yezvoutano, kana kuti dziviriro yenyika. Nharo dzemitero pamusoro pemwero yemitero uye mutengo zvakaenzana ndezvehurumende inoparira kuti mari yakawanda sei inofanira kupedzwa uye kuti ndiani anotakura mutoro. Somuenzaniso, masangano anofambira mberi emitero anodzorwa kuderedza kusaenzana kwemitero nemitero pamitengo yakakwirira zvikuru.

Simba Rokutungamirira

Simba rokutungamirira rinobvumira nyika kugadza mitemo inodzora mufambiro womunhu oga uye basa rezvemari. Ikoku kunobatanidza kugadza mipimo yekotsekano nokuda kwenzvimbo dzebasa, kudikanirwa kwamarezire enyanzvi dzakadai savanachiremba namagweta, kutendera mirimo mitsva, uye kudzivirira mhoteredzo. Masangano anodzora akadai seEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) kana kuti Food and Drug Administration (FDA) inoshanda pasi pechiremera chinopiwa nedare. Nepo mutemo uri madikanwa kudzivirira utano hwavanhu vose nechengeteko, unogonawo kumutsa nharo apo unoonekwa sewanyanyisa kana kuti unorema kumabhizimisi.

Simba Remapurisa

Kazhinji kazhinji inorangarirwa kuva nhevedzano yesimba rokudzora, simba ramapurisa ichiremera chomuzvarirwo chehurumende kusimudzira utano hwavanhu, chengeteko, tsika, uye garikano yose. Ndihwo hwaro hwemitemo inorwisana noutsotsi, bumbiro remirairo yomwoto, mirau yokuronga, mirairo yokuparadza, uye zvinodikanwa zvepfumbadzo. Simba ramapurisa nderimwe ramasimba makurusa uye anoshandiswa kazhinji kazhinji zvikurusa enyika, uye inodzorwa neganhuriro dzebumbiro remitemo dzakadai somuitiro wakafanira nedziviriro yakaenzana.

Mitoro Inokosha yeHurumende

Simba uye mutoro mativi maviri emari imwe cheteyo. Hurumende haisati ichingova zvayo chiremera chinoraira kuti chiite misengwa yainofanira kuitawo kuti iwane ndokuchengeta ruvimbo rwavagari vemo vayo. iyi mitoro inoiswa mubvumirano yenzanga uye inokosha nokuda kwenzanga inoshanda zvakanaka.

Kugovera Masangano Anoitirwa Vanhu Vose

Mumwe wemitoro mikuru yehurumende ndewokupa mabasa ayo chikamu chavanhu chazvigaro zvacho chingasagona kana kuti zvimwe chisati chichizogovera nenzira inobudirira kana kuti nenzira inowirirana. Ikoku kunobatanidza dzidzo yavose, tarisiro youtano (munyika dzakawanda), mabasa emvura neutsanana, zvokufambisa zvavose, uye maraibhurari. Somuenzaniso, Dhipatimendi reDzidzidzo nesangano redzidzo reruwa rinogadza mipimo uye rinoparadzira mari kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti vana munyika yose vanogona kuwana dzidzo yapachena. Runako nokubudirira kwemabasa aya kunotapura zvakananga kubudirira uye mabanza evagari vemo vose.

Kuchengeta Kuchengeteka Kwavanhu Vose

Hurumende ndiyo ine mutoro wokudzivirira vagari vemo vayo patyisidziro dzose dziri mbiri dzomukati nekunze. Ikoku kunoreva kuchengeta mapurisa kuti aise mitemo nokudzivisa utsotsi, madhipatimendi omwoto kuti aite chimwe chinhu kumigariro inokurumidzira, uye hondo yokudzivirira denho dzokumwe. Kuwedzera, hurumende inoita gadziriro yeruramisiro iyo inotonga vapari vemhosva, inodzivirira kodzero dzavanopomerwa, uye inoranga avo vane mhaka. Kotsekano yavose inotambanukirawo kunjodzi nokudavidza, sezvinoonekwa apo masangano ehurumende anoronga nhamburiko dzokuyamura pashure pedutu, kudengenyeka kwapasi, kana kuti zvirwere.

Kusimudzira Kugadzikana Kwemari

Mari yakatsiga inokosha nokuda kwebudiriro norugare rwenzanga. Hurumende inoshandisa muitiro wemari nemari kudzora kukwira kwemitengo, kukurudzira basa, uye kukura kwekuwedzera. Ikoku kunobatanidza kugadza mari yemubereko (kupfurikidza namabhangi apakati), kugovera inishuwarenzi yokushaya basa, kudzora mabhangi nemisika yemari, uye kupa sundo dzemitero nokuda kwamabhizimisi navavakidzi. Mukati menjodzi dzemari, dzakadai sekuderera kwemari kana kuti kuderera kweZuva, kupindira kwehurumende kupfurikidza nezvipanguriro nemari kwave kuve kwakakomba kudzivirira kuwa kwemari.

Kudzivirira Kodzero Nerusununguko

Hurumende inofanira kutsigira rusununguko rwavanhu nekodzero dzavanhu vose vari munyika yayo. Ikoku kunobatanidza rusununguko rwokutaura, rudzidziso, gungano, uye mapepanhau; maruramiro kumuedzo wakarurama; dziviriro parusaruro; uye maruramiro okuva voga. Muhurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu, idzi maruramiro kazhinji kazhinji anoiswa mubumbiro remitemo kana kuti mutongo wekodzero dzavanhu. Hurumende ine mutorowo wokudzivirira mapoka ane ngozi. (zvakadai sezvipo zvavanhu vedzinza, vakadzi, vana, uye vanhu vane urema) kubva pakubatwa zvisina kufanira nevose vari vaviri vatambi vehurumende.

Kudzivirirwa Kwemhoteredzo

Sezvo mwero wetapuro yavanhu papasi wakura, dziviriro yemhoteredzo yazova mutoro wehurumende unotambudza. Hurumende dzinogadzira ndokuita mitemo inoganhurira kushatisa, inodzora zvinhu zvomusikirwo, inodzivirira marudzi ari mungozi, uye chinjo yemamiriro okunze. Somuenzaniso, Ceaoograph and Clean Water Act muUnited States yakagadza mipimo yenyika nokuda kwemhepo nemvura. Zvibvumirano zvamarudzi ose zvakadai seParis Climate Arects zvinoita kuti nyika dzidederedze kubudisa kwegasi rinodziridza mhepo inopisa. Kudzikamisa mhoteredzo inodzivirira inodzikamisa kukura kwemari inochengetedzwa nokudikanwa kwokuchengetedza nyika nokuda kwezvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi.

Kuedza Kuchengeteka Kwenyika

Nyika ine mutoro wokudzivirira nyika yayo uye vagari vemo patyisidziro dzokunze. Ikoku kunobatanidza kuchengeta mauto ane zvombo, kutungamirira mabasa ouchenjeri, kudzivirira miganhu, uye kubatanidzwa mukurukurirano kuti vadzivise rwisano. Ruchengeteko rwenyika runobatanidzawo kudzivirira zvinhu zvinotsoropodza (zvakadai semichina yesimba negadziriro dzekurukurirano) kubva kukurwisa kwemakombiyuta nougandanga. Masimba ehurumende echengeteko enyika kazhinji kazhinji anowedzera, uye anomutsa mibvunzo inokosha pamusoro pedzikamo pakati pechengeteko nerusununguko rwevagari vemo(a) kurukurirano yakakura zvikuru muzana ramakore rechi21.

Kutapura Kunoita Masimba Ehurumende Nemabasa Ako Upenyu Hwako Hwezuva Nezuva

Pfungwa dzisinganzwisisiki dzesimba rehurumende uye mutoro dzinova dzinooneka paunotarira kuti zvinochinja sei zvaunosangana nazvo zuva nezuva. Pasi apa ndidzo nzvimbo dzinokosha dzinonyanya kuonekwa nehurumende.

Dzidzo

Kubva pamitemo yokumanikidzira kupinda kusvikira kumipimo yedzidzo uye mipimo yokushandisa mari, hurumende inogadza mitemo yedzidzo. Hurumende dzinogadza maruwa ezvikoro zvehurumende anobatira nzanga dzomunzvimbomo, uye dzinodzorawo zvisarudzo zvavanhu voga nezvidzidzo zvechikoro. Runako rwezvikoro, zvikamu zvechikoro zvokunyorera mudzidzisi, uye kuedza kwakarongwa kwemitemo yose kubva pamuitiro wehurumende. Kumhuri, gadziriro yedzidzo yehurumende inoita kuti mikana yedzidzo inowanika kuvana ivepo uye inogona kutapura zvikuru mikana yavo yeramangwana yokuwana nokufambidzana nevamwe.

Kurapwa

Hurumende inodzorwa namativi ose ezvoutano. Zvinodikanwa zvokupa mari zvinovimbisa kuti vanachiremba, vakoti, uye zvipatara zvinosvitsa mipimo yekotsekano. Madhipatimendi outano avanhu vose anonzvera kuvamba kwehosha ndokushandisa nhomba. Gadziro dzeinishuwarenzi youtano dzakadzika seMedicaid kana kuti Musika weCare Care Are Arect unoita kuti kutarisira utano kuve nyore zvikuru kuvanhu vanowana mari yakaderera. Apo hurumende inoisa mari mumitengo yezvoutano, vagari vemo vanobva mukuderera kwemitengo yehosha dzinodzivisika uye ndyiko yose zvayo.

Kuchengeteka Kworuzhinji Neruramisiro

Unovimba nokushanda kwehurumende nemitemo yomunzvimbomo kuti idavidze apo unodana muna 911. Gadziriro yedare inopedza gakava, inoita mhosho dzoutsotsi, uye inodzivirira maruramiro ako epamutemo. Mitemo yemotokari, ganhuriro dzezvigaro zvinomanikidzirwa nemapurisa ehurumende. Hurumende inodzosa mari majeri nepurogiramu yokudzorera. Gadziriro inosanotonga inovaka chivimbo chavose; apo inokundikana kuuori, rusaruro rwedzinza, kana kuti simba rakanyanyisa (inobvisa chivimbo muhurumende yose zvayo).

Kugadzirwa Kwezvinhu uye Zvekufambisa

Hurumende nehurumende dzinovaka nokuchengetedza migwagwa, mabhiriji, zviteshi, nhandare dzendege, uye gadziriro dzokufambisa vanhu. Hurumende inoisa mirayiridzo yokuvaka nokuda kwokuvakwa kutsva, inodzora zvinhu zvinofambisa magetsi nemvura, uye inovimbisa kuraswa kwetsvina inosangana nezvinotarisirwa zvakapoteredza.

Gadziriro Dzenzanga

Hurumende inoita mubatanidzwa wedziviriro yegadziriro dzetsigiro yenzanga dzakagadzirirwa kubetsera avo vanoshaiwa. Ikoku kunobatanidza yamuro yezvokudya (zvakadai seSNAP), mari yokuvakisa, betsero dzourovha, uye yamuro yemari nokuda kwemhuri dzinowanwa dzakaderera. Idzi purogiramu dzinodzivirira mitezo isina dziviriro zvikurusa yenzanga uye dzinobetsera kudzikamisa upfumi mukati mekuderera. Kukura uye rupo zvepurogiramu dzakadaro zvinosiana zvikuru pakati penyika nenyika, zvichiratidzira mipimo yakasiana.

Mitemo Yemutengi Neyokutengeserana

Nguva iri yose yaunotenga chinhu kana kuti unoshandisa basa, mirau yehurumende inoshanda. Mapepa ezvokudya anofanira kuwirirana nezvokwadi-in-preveration mipimo; zvitoko zvavana zvinofanira kuva zvisina makemikari ane chepfu; mabhangi anofanira kutevera mitemo inodzivisa tsvina. Iyi miraudzo inokudzivirira pamitengo isina kuchena nemiitiro yebhizimisi isina kutendeseka. Panguva imwe cheteyo, mabhizimisi anofanira kuwirirana nemitemo yokuronga mativi ose, mitemo yavashandi (kubatanidza mari yakatambira neovhati youtano), uye mabumbiro rehurumende. Basa rehurumende semutungamiriri wezvo mudzori rinoramba rinoramba richifambiswa semaindasipidhi matsva kana kuti ungwaru hwokusarira.

Dzikamo Pakati Pechiremera Chehurumende Norusununguko Rumwe Norumwe

Denho huru yokudzora kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu kuwana dzikamo yakarurama pakati pesimba rehurumende rokuita chiito nokuda kwezvakanaka zvakarovedzeka nekodzero yomunhu oga kusununguka mudzongonyedzo yehurumende yakanyanyisa. Nhau yakazara nemienzaniso umo simba rehurumende rakashandiswa zvisina kufanira(zvhokwadistyries Controls,temporations, uye mitemo isina kururama. Ndicho chikonzero nei ganhuriro dzemitemo, ganhuriro dzamasimba, uye ganhuriro nedzinonidzo zvamagariro zvichikosha kwazvo. Somuenzaniso, Chigadziriso chePuturomende chehurumende chapakuvamba muU.S.Bumbiro reMitesitako rinodzivisa Hurumende kutsoropodza kutaura kana kuti rudzidziso.

Gakava razvino uno pamusoro pemirairo yenhomba, kuvanza mashoko, kudzora pfuti, uye kunzvera kwehurumende zvose zvinotsamira pauku kunyanduka. Utongi hunosarudzwa navanhu hwakanaka hunoda vagari vemo vanoziva nezvekodzero dzavo uye vanodisa kubvunza zviito zvehurumende izvo zvinopfuura miganhu yapamutemo. Panguva imwe cheteyo, hurumende inoshanda zvakanaka haigoni kuganhurirwa kwazvo zvokuti inokundikana kupedza zvinetso zveboka zvinokurumidzira, zvakadai sezvitambudzo kana kuti kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze. Uku kuoma kunovimbisa kuti nyika inoramba ine mutoro kuvanhu vainobatira.

Kubatana Kungaita Vagari Vemo Nehurumende

Ugari hwemo hunoshingaira injini inoita kuti hurumende irambe ichinzwa zvakanaka nehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Nepo vanhu vazhinji vachinzwa vasina kubatanidzwa kana kuti vasina simba, pane nzira dzinoshanda dzokupesvedzera zviito zvehurumende ndokuivimbisa kuita mitoro yayo.

Kurumisa

Kutamba - tamba ndiwo mashandiro anokosha okuita zvematongerwo enyika. Nokukanda mapepa evanoda kuvhota uye kuvhota, vagari vemo vane simba uye mitemo inoitwa. Votervhoout inosiyana - siyana, asi kana vagari vemo vakapinda, vanotumira chiratidzo chakajeka pamusoro pezvavanokoshesa.

Kupinda Misangano Yavose

Masangano ehurumende omunzvimbomo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kunyange kana usingatauri, kucherechedza kuti zvisarudzo zvinoitwa sei dzidzo pamusoro pokuti nyika inoshanda sei.

Kuronga Nokuronga

Mapoka ezvounyengeri anokujekesera kana kuti kutsigira inzwi rako. Masangano anonyanya kutaura nezvekodzero dzevanhu, kudzivirira mhoteredzo, kutarisirwa kwoutano, kana kuti ruramisiro yezvemari anoshanda kuti amanikidze hurumende kuti igamuchire kana kuti itendere. Masangano ezvokuchinja zvinhu aita kuti zvinhu zvive nokuchinja kukuru, kubva pakubviswa kwouranda kuti zvienzane. Maturusi azvino uno akaita sezvinobudisa nhau uye kukumbira zvepaIndaneti anoita kuti zvive nyore kuronga vatsigiri.

Vamiriri Vanoreverwa Vane Ushamwari

Vakuru vakuru vanozivikanwa vashandi vako. Kunyora tsamba, kutumira tsamba, kana kuti kudana hofisi yomuiti wemitemo kana kuti nhengo yeDare ndiyo nzira yakananga yokutaura nayo maonero ako pamitemo. Vabati vanowanzonyora tsamba dzinoenderana, uye mashoko akawanda papepa rakati remitemo anogona kupesvedzera vhoti yomumiririri. Hurumende dzakawanda dzinopa mahotera paIndaneti kuti dzikurukure nevakuru vakuru kana kuti kupupurira mitemo inokarakadzwa.

Kuzvipira Munharaunda Yenyu

Volunteering for a local nonprofit, serving on a neighborhood association, or participating in a community clean-up day directly supports the public good. While this is not the same as exerting political power, it builds social capital and demonstrates that citizens can take action independent of the state. Moreover, volunteers often become more aware of community needs that the state should address.

Basa Revoruzhinji uye reJury

Kubatira padare rinobetsera vatongi ibasa rakananga rougari hwemo mukati megadziriro yokutonga uye kuvimbisa kuti kutonga kwakanaka uye kuti mitezo yenzanga ine inzwi mururamisiro. mamwe marudzi ebasa ravose, zvakadai sokubatira muboka romunzvimbomo kana kuti dare, kumhanyira kunzvimbo yebasa, kana kuti kutora rutivi mubasa rehondo kana kuti rimwe basa rehurumende, mwero mikuru zvikuru yevimbiso iyo hurumende inotonga zvakananga.

mhedziso

Nyika haisati iri chinhu chisiri chenhando, chiri kure. Chimiro icho upenyu hwako hwezuva nezuva hunopedzerwa mukati. Masimba acho makuru: kutera, kudzora, kutonga, uye kuisa. Mitoro yayo inorema zvakaenzana: kudzidzisa, kudzivirira, uye kutsigira. Kunzwisisa kuti aya masimba nemitoro zvinoshanda sei inhano yokutanga kuva mugari wemo akadzidza. Kupfurikidza nokupinda nomugariro kupfurikidza nokuvhota, kuvhota, kubatira kutendeseka, uye kutora rutivi rwenzanga, unobetsera kubatira fariro dzavose panzvimbo pezvishuvo zvavose. Munyika yezvinetso zvakaoma, .[1] Kubva kukusaenzana kushanduka mamiriro ezvinhu anoramba iri chishandiso chine simba zvikurusa chatinacho nokuda kwechinetso chakabatana. Iwe unonzwisisa zviri nani, kupfurikidza nokushandisa chishandiso chaunogona kushandisa zvakanaka.