Hurumende ndiyo musimboti wegadziriro youtano yavose yeUnited States, inoshandisa chiremera chebumbiro remitemo kudzivirira nokusimudzira kuva negari vemo zvakanaka. Nepo hurumende yehurumende inogadza mipimo yorudzi ndokugovera mari, masangano ane mutoro wokushanda kwezuva nezuva, kudzikamisa, uye kuvandudzwa kwemitemo youtano. Kuvambira pakutungamirira gadziriro dzezvoutano kuti dzidzore kuvamba kwehosha uye kuumba dzidzo youtano, hurumende dzinoshanda pamativi akananga eutano hwevagari vemo. Nyaya inokudzwa inonzvera mavambo emitemo esimba rehurumende reutano, inodudza mitoro yepamusoro, mapurogiramu makuru outano, kunzvera zvinetso zvinopfuurira, uye inosimbisa basa rinochinja renyika mukudzivirira utano hwenzanga.

Tsika Yebumbiro Remitemo Rechiremera Choutano Hwehurumende

Kunzwisisa chikonzero nei hurumende dzehurumende dzichiva namasimba outano akafara akadaro kunoda kunzvera Bumbiro reMitemo reU. Tenth Amendment inochengeterwa kuhurumende yose isingagoverwi zvakananga kuhurumende yehurumende yehurumende. Pakati paaya masimba akachengetwa pane simba rehurumende [ ] ] .* chiremera chokuita mitemo nemiraudzo inodikanwa kudzivirira utano, chengeteko, uye garikano yavose yavanhu. Iyi fandesheni yapamutemo inogonesa kuita nenzira yakasimba munhau dzoutano pasina kumirira mirairo yehurumende.

Nokufamba kwenguva, Dare Gurusa rakatsigira nguva dzose masimba ehurumende amapurisa muutano hwavanhu vose. Nemhaka dzechirango chakadai se Jaconson v. Massachusetts[[FLT: 1] (05] yakasimbisa kuti hurumende dzinogona kuraira majekiseni kudzora chibhokisi, kugadza muenzaniso unopfuurira kupesvedzera mutemo woutano wavose nhasi. Somuuyo, hurumende dzehurumende dzinogona:

  • Risipo uye inodzora vatarisiri vezvoutano[[FL:1] (vaongorori, vakoti, zvipatara, makiriniki)
  • [ Isa mipimo youtano nekotsekano nokuda kwezvokudya, mvura, uye nzvimbo dzebasa
  • [ Mazita okudzivirira zvirwere nokuda kwokupinda chikoro
  • Vanhu vomuQuarantine kudzivisa hosha kupararira
  • Kuratidza nokukamuranisa nhamba dzinokosha (kuberekwa, rufu, mishumo yehosha)

Iyi nzvimbo yebumbiro remitemo inoreva kuti gadziriro dzoutano dzavanhu dzinogona kusiana zvikuru kubva kuhurumende imwe kuenda kune imwe, kuchiratidzira mipimo yomunzvimbomo, mamiriro ezvinhu ezvamatongerwe enyika, uye kudikanwa kwechiverengero chavagari vemo.

Mitoro Yehurumende Dzehurumende Muutano Hwavose

Madhipatimendi ezvoutano hwehurumende namasangano ane mitoro yakafara inobata rutivi rwuri rwose rwegarikano. Mabasa aya anowanzobatanidzwa mumirau yenyika nemitemo yokutarisira. Pasi apa kunzvera kwakakomba nharaunda huru dzebasa rehurumende routano.

Dzidzo Youtano Nokusimudzira

Mitemo inotungamirira nhamburiko dzokuzivisa vagari vemo pamusoro pengozi dzoutano nemufambiro une utano. Mikairo pamusoro pokusvuta vhaisi, mubato wokurovedza muviri, zvokudya, uye vatano yakakotsekana. Somuenzaniso, nyika zhinji dzinoshandisa nhimbe dzinorwisa tobaco dzinotsigirwa nemari yokubhadharisa kana kuti kupa mari kubva kuCentre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Dzidzo youtano dzinobudirira dzinoderedza mutoro wehosha isingaperi uye dzinopa vanhu simba rokuita zvisarudzo zvakaziviswa.

Kudzivirira Hosha uye Kuzvidzora

Hurumende dzinoshandisa gadziriro dzokunzvera hosha dzinozivikanwa kuti dzione kutanga kwehosha dzinotapukira dzakadai sefuruwenza, gwirikwiti, tibhii, uye CHOVAD. Dzinotsinhiranisa kunzvera kwerabhoritari, kunzvera, kunzvera, uye kutumira mashoko kwavose. Zvirongwa zvokudzosera zvinenge ikona: zvinogadza zvinodikanwa zvenhomba kuti zvipinde, zvinochengeta kunyoresa mapepa emishonga, uye kushandisa makiriniki edziviri. CDC[FLT], kukwikwidza kwezvo kudzivirira kwehurumende kunosiyana, kusimbisa simba remiitiro yechikoro nerokubuda.

Kuwana Utano uye Kuva Neunhu

Nepo hurumende yehurumende ichitarisira Medicare uye inotarisira nzvimbo dzemisika yeAffordcable Care Act, nyika dzine simba guru pamusoro pokupinda kwoutano. Dzinobvumira zvipatara, misha inochengeterwa vakwegura, uye nzvimbo dzokuvhiya, dzinovimbisa kuwirirana nemipimo yekotsekano neyakanaka. Hurumende dzinoshandisawo Medicaid, gadziriro yehurumende inobatira pamwe inopa bhaisikopo vanhu vanowana mari yakaderera nemhuri. Mitengo inovadziko inofukidzwa, uye mari inodzorwa inosarudzwa pamwero wenyika mukati menhungamiro dzomubatanidzwa. Kupfuurirazve, zvinotaura zvirongwa zvezve zvoutano, kubatanidza mari inobhadhanyidzirwa uye masangano.

Kugadzirira Kwekurumidziro Nokupindura

Hurumende ndiwo masangano anotungamirira nokuda kwemigariro yengozi youtano yavose mukati memiganhu yavo. Anogadzira nokuchengeta zvirongwa zvekurumidziro, anounganidza migove yezvokurapa (zvakadai senhomba nemishonga inorwisa utachiona), uye anobatira pamwe namadhipatimendi omunzvimbomo outano, zvipatara, uye kutanga kupindura. Mukati ngwavaira dzomusikirwo (mahoro anotyisa, mafashamo) kana kuti mirakatira, nyika dzinoita kuti nzvimbo dzokuvhima dzekurumidzira, uye dzinobudisa zvipatara, uye zvinobudisa zvinobvisa kana kuti zvinovakisa nzvimbo. Public Health Emedical Emeding Beculecule forography [[FL:1]], inotsigirwa neCDC, inotsigira izvi zvipatarati zvehurumende.

Kugadziridzwa Kwoutano Hwemhoteredzo

Nyika dzinoshandisa mirau inodzivirira vanhu panjodzi dzemhoteredzo. Ikoku kunobatanidza kuongorora mhepo nemvura yakanaka, kutarisira kuraswa kwetsvina, kunzvera maresitorendi nemadziva okushambira avose, uye kudzora mishonga yezvipembenene nemichina yeindasitiri. Nyika dzakawanda dzine masangano adzo edziviriro yemhoteredzo anogadza mipimo yakakomba zvikuru kupfuura mitengo yehurumende. Somuenzaniso, Kuronga 65 kweCalifornia kunoda nyevero pamusoro pezvinhu zvine makemikari anozivikanwa kuti zvinoparira kenza kana kuti kukuvadza kubereka. Izvi zviito zvegore rinotangira kudzosa zvakananga ngozi uye zvinodzivisa zvirwere.

Kudzivirira uye Kutarisira Zvirwere Zvisingaperi

Kupfuura zvirwere zvinotapukira, masangano outano ehurumende anowanzoshanda pamwe nemasangano enzanga kuti aderedze kupararira kweutano hwevanhu vanorwara nechirwere cheshuga.

Gadziriro Huru Dzoutano Hwavose Dzakatarisirwa Nehurumende Dzehurumende

Hurumende dzine mapurogiramu akawanda anotarisira vanhu vakasiyana - siyana uye nyaya dzoutano.

Gadziriro Dzokuisa

Madhipatimendi ezvoutano hwehurumende anotarisira purogiramu dzevana uye dzokudzivirira zvirwere zvakura. Anotenga nhomba dzenhomba pamwero wakaderera kupfurikidza nepurogiramu yehurumende yeVaccines for Children (VFC), kudziparadzira kumakiriniki anopa mari, uye kubhadharwa kwemijekiseni. Masangano akawanda anoshandisa mapepa okudzivirira paIndaneti anobvumira vatengi nezvikoro kusimbisa nhau yenhomba yemwana. Mukati mekupararira kwedenda reCHOVID, nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa nehurumende kudzivirira nhomba dzakava chinhu chinokosha pakupindura kwenyika.

Masangano Outano Hwevana

Mubatanidzwa weV weSocial Security Act unogovera mari kuhurumende yezvoutano hwaamai nehwavana.

Kudzora Fodya uye Kuidzivirira

Gadziriro dzokudzora fodya dzehurumende dzinobatanidza dzidzo, mabasa okubhadharisa, uye kudzika pamutemo. Mitengo mizhinji yakakwidza zera duku rokutenga fodya kusvikira ku 21, mitemo yemhepo isina utsi yakaitwa mumba, uye midzanga yakatakurwa mitero. Mitero yemitero yefodya nenzvimbo dzokukwirira matare inowanzotsigira nhimbe dzokudzivirira. Mukuwirirana ne CDC Office on Smoking and Health, masangano anodzorwa nokudzora fodya anowana kuderera kukuru zvikuru mumwero yavanhu vakuru.

Kubatsira Muzvokudya Nokudzivirira Kufutisa

Hurumende dzinoshandisa Special Nutrition Program yaVakadzi, Vacheche, uye Vana (Wic), kugovera zvokudya zvinovaka muviri, tsigiro yokuyamwisa, uye maresitiriti outano. Vanodzorawo Southral Nutrition Application Program (SNAP) mukubatira pamwe neUSDA. Nhano dzokudzivirira kunyanyofuta dzinobatanidza kusimudzira mabhawa esaladhi muzvikoro, dzinotsigira misikaro yavarimi inogamuchira SNAP, uye kugadzira miitiro yemhoteredzo inokurudzira kufamba nokukwidza.

Utano Hwepfungwa Nekushandisa Zvinhu Zviduku

Zviremera zveutano hwendangariro zvehurumende zvinotarisira gadziriro dzendangariro dzavanhu vose, kubatanidza zvipatara zvehurumende zvendangariro, zvipatara zvendangariro zvenzanga, uye gadziriro dzenjodzi. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, zviremera zvakawedzera kusvika kukurapa kwemishonga inodzorwa nokuda kwokushandisa opioid nokuda kwevhiringidziko uye zvakaiswa mumabasa okuderedza ngozi akadai senaloxone. Nyika dzose dzinokwanisa kudzivirira kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwemishonga uye kurapwa zvinopa mikana kubva kuSubstance Abuse and Mental Health Administration (SA).

Kudzora Hosha Dzinotapukira Nemichina Yehosha

Hurumende inoedza marabhoritari outano hwavanhu vose nokuda kwemhatsa huru yamatapuro, kuvambira parabies kusvikira kuZika vhairasi. Ivo vane mutoro wokushuma hosha dzinozivikanwa kusvikira kuCDC uye nokuda kwokuitisa nzvero dzezvipuko. Mitemo yokunzvera yechadenga inonzvera inonzvera mativi enjodzi uye mamwe mashoko enguva chaiyoiyo okuziva mitoo yechienzi ingaratidzira kutanga. Iyi jambwa yakabvumikisa kuva inokosha mukati medenda reH1N1 nechinetso cheCOVOVID.

Matambudziko Anotarisana Negadziriro Dzehurumende Dzoutano Hwehurumende

Pasinei nebasa radzo guru, hurumende dzinorwisana nezvipingamupinyi zvikuru zvinokanganisa mano adzo okuchengetedza utano hwevanhu zvinobudirira.

Chirango Chinoderedza Kunaka

Masangano ezvoutano hwehurumende akatarisana nokuderera kwemari kwemakumi amakore. Mukuwirirana nenzvero dzeAmerican Public Health Association, shambadzo yezvoutano hwavanhu vehurumende yakaderera munyika dzakawanda chifo cheGreat Recession. Mukati menhambo dzisiri dzemari, utano hwavanhu kazhinji kazhinji inzvimbo yokutanga yakachekererwa apo bhajeti yehurumende inosimbiswa. Uku kuderera kwemari inoderedza simba ravashandi, mibato, mibato, uye zvirongwa zvokudzivirira. CHOVID yakachinja muitiro uyu kwenguva pfupi nemibatanidzwa mikuru yehurumende, asi nyika dzakawanda dzakaedza kutsigira kubhajeka kwemigariro yekurumidziro.

Kushaya Basa Nokuneta

Kuperevedza kuri kuwedzera kwenyanzvi dzezvoutano dzehurumende dzinokwanisa kuparira kudzoka kukuru. De Beaumont Foundation’s Public Health Workticession and Nezveutano, nyanzvi dzezveutano, nyanzvi dzezvemhoteredzo nejeri rezveutano . Miripo inodzorwa nevashandi vepanzvimbo yezveutano voga. Varidzi vehurumende vanowana kuti inopfuura 40% yevashandi vepadhi rezveutano vanoronga kusiya mabasa avo mumakore mashanu. Iyi nhambo yedariro yesangano inoita kuti ipedze kuyeuka kwechirongwa chebasa uye kupfuurira.

Kuchinja Kwepfungwa Dzematongerwe Enyika Nedzemafungire

Zvisarudzo zvoutano zvavanhu zviri kuwedzera kudzorwa. Mabhaskete anorayira, zvinodikanwa zvenhomba, uye kuvharwa kwezvikoro mukati medenda zvakava nzvimbo dzinooneka mukurukurirano dzehurumende nemhosva. Dzimwe nyika dzakaita mitemo inoganhurira chiremera chevakuru vakuru vezvoutano kuraira kuiswa kwegakava kana kuti kudiwa kwedziviriro. Kuparadza kwakadaro kunogona kutungamirira kupesana nemitemo yehurumende yose uye kubvisa chivimbo chavanhu muutano. Vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanofanira kutevera nzvimbo yakabudirira umo kurumbidzwa kwouchapupu kungarwisana nedzvinyiriro dzezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kukamukana Kwemashoko uye Misiyano Yemabhizimisi

Madhipatimendi ezvoutano ehurumende anowanzovimba nemibatanidzwa yemashoko isati yanyatsobatana nemapepa ezvomubatanidzwa, omunzvimbomo, uye echipatara. Tsanangudzo dzinochinja nhau, kunonoka mukushuma, uye kushaikwa kwokushanda pamwe chete zvinodzivisa kuita nokukurumidza kutyisidzira kuvamba. Mukati mekubuda kweCovid-19, nyika dzakawanda dzakaedza kuvaka mabhodhi ezvikepe azvino uno okuongorora uye gadziriro dzokuisa nhomba kubva pakukwesha. Kuisa mari mumichina yezvino uno yemashoko outano yavose inoramba iri chinhu chikuru nokuda kwenguva yemberi.

Kusaziva Kwavose uye Kudzidza Zveutano

Madhipatimendi ezvoutano ehurumende anopedza nhamburiko dzakati kuti achirwisa nhau dzenhema, asi kushayisa mashoko paIndaneti kunowanzokurira mikoto yezvokukurukurirana yehurumende. Kusagona kunyora nokunyora mashoko ezveutano pakati pedzimwe nyika kunotowedzera kuoma kuedza kusimudzira miitiro yokudzivirira uye kuwirirana nemitemo yezvoutano. Masangano ezvoutano anofanira kushandisa nzira dzekukurukurirana dzinobudirira dzetsika uye shamwari dzinovimbwa nevavakidzani kuti vavhare misiyano iyi.

Kusaenzana Kwoutano Nokururamisira

Misiyano mikuru mumiuyo youtano inopfuurira mumativi ourudzi, edzinza, uye enzanga. Hurumende dzine simba rokudenha zvinhu kuti zvishandiswe munzanga dzinochengetwa, asi kazhinji kazhinji zvikuru gadziriro dzoutano dzakaitwa pasina magirazi ezvoutano. Somuenzaniso, nharaunda dzomumaruwa dzingashaiwa kusvika kutarisiro chaiyo, uye nharaunda duku dzingatarisana nemitoro yakakwirira zvikuru yokushatisa.

Kupindira Pakati Pehurumende Nemabasa Outano Hwevanhu Vose

Hurumende hadzishandi munzvimbo isina chinhu. Hurumende yehurumende inopa mari, yamuro, uye utungamiriri hwenyika kupfurikidza namasangano akadai seCDC, National Institutes of Health, uye Food and Drug Administration. Nyika dzinofanira kuwirirana nemitemo yehurumende yakadai seHiPAA uye chibvumirano cheReformation Reconfiblicationment (CLIA). Zvisinei, nyika dzinochengeta rusununguko rwakafara kuti dzive norusununguko rwokupinda. Dzimwe nyika dzakaita kuti dzipindure mitemo isina utsi, mapurogiramu ezvinayi, uye dzakabhadhara mitongo inorwara yakaita kuti pave nechiito chehurumende. Iyi batira pamwe chete kwehurumende.[1][8] Kushandira pamwe pacho inokakava neyanwa.

Kutarira Mberi: Kusimbisa Kukwanisa Kwehurumende Kurapa Kworuzhinji

COVID-19 yakafumura zvose zviri zviviri simba namano egadziriro dzehurumende dzoutano. Kufambira mberi, vagadziri vemitengo yose vanoziva kudikanwa kwokukurumidza kwemari inotsigirwa, masangano emitemo azvino uno, mapaipi akasimba anoshanda, uye zvirongwa zvepamutemo zvinotsigira chiito choutano hwavanhu vose panguva yakakodzera pasina kudzorwa kusiri madikanwa. Masangano akadai se [[FLT:] National Association of State Himp Information Arectorers [NASCIO) uye kudzorwa kusiri madikanwa kusingadikanirwa kwehurumende nePurcial Healths (ASO) . [FLT] Kusimbisa ukuna kufambiswa kwoutano kwavose hakungova chinhu choutano chavose.

mhedziso

Hurumende ndidzo dzinoda kuitirwa njodzi mugadziriro yezvoutano yavose yeUnited States. Masimba amapurisa ebumbiro remitemo anovagonesa kudzora kutarisirwa kwoutano, kudzorwa kwezvirwere, kusimudzira mufambiro wakanaka, uye kugadzirira mamiriro ezvinhu ekurumidziro. Kunyange zvazvo kushaikwa kwevashandi, kuperevedza kwemagariro ebasa, kupfuudzana kwezvamatongerwe enyika, uye miganhu yemazita zvinopa zvinetso zvakakomba. Kunzwisisa ukuru uye kuganhurirwa kwemitemo yehurumende inosimudzira gadziriro dzoutano dzehurumende dzinotsigira kudzivirira utano hwevagari vemo vose. Saizvozvo muganhu woutano wavose muAmerica, masangano anofanira kushongedzerwa nezviwanikwa, i - Isvoswo, uye kutsigira kunofanira kutarisana nezvinodiwa zvose nezvinodiwa nezvinotarisirwa zvogaro uye zvinotyisidzira zvikuru.