Mutoo Wechienzi weJapan Kubetsero Yeenderero Mberi Yapamutemo

Mitemo yeyamuro yokumwe yeJapan, inozivikanwa nenzira yakarongeka seNative Development Ahelp (ODA), ibwe renheyo yemitemo yayo yepashure peHondo Yenyika II yokunze. Kusafanana navapi vazhinji vokuMadokero, gadziriro yeyamuro yeJapan yakabatanidzwa zvikuru nefariro dzayo dzemasangano enyika, makwikwi, uye mirangariro yezvamatongerwe enyika yenhau yeJapan iyo yakadzora nyika. Kunzwisisa kuti masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika eJapan akaumba sei jeri netanho pfupi asi kupfuurira kudzokerazve kuDshapepe·ODA inopa revoresa renyika yose. Iyi nyaya inonzvera mamiriro ezvinhu enhau eJapan eyamuro yeyamuro yedzimwe nyika, pesvedzero huru yeDemocratic Party (LDLDP), uye simba rezvamatongerwe enyika.

Mavambo Enhau: Kubva Pakugadziridzwazve kweHondo Kuenda Kuchishandiso Chemari

Chirongwa cheODA cheJapan chakavamba nenzira ine mwero muma1950 sezvo hondo dzinoparadzana namarudzi eSoutheast Asia. Uzivi hunotungamirira hwakanga huri mubatanidzwa we [[FLT: 0] wemari yezvokudyidzana uye kukurukurirana ne [[FLT]]. Mukati menhambo ino, LDP yakasimbisa simba rayo ndokurondedzera nzira yeyamuro yeJapan senzira yokuchengetera nayo zvinhu zvomusikirwo, misika yakazamura, uye kuvakazve chivimbo. Chikwata chebhizimisi chakaona kuyamura senzira yokutumira nayo makambani eJapan, zvikurukuru mumaindasitiri nemabasa makuru.

Pakasvika 1970, Japan yakanga yava mupi mukuru, nzvimbo yapamusoro pakati pevagoveri veODA munyika yose. Hurumende yeLDP yakashandisa yamuro kutsigira zvinangwa zveHondo Yemashoko yeUnited States muAsia, nepo ichifambira mberi panguva imwe cheteyo fariro dzemari dzeJapan. Muitiro wacho wakajekeswa mu “ kusvika kwakavakirwa pa-X. , uko nyika dzinogamuchira dzaizokarakadza zvirongwa uye makambani eJapan aizoa kuvaita, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji achibatanidza kuyamura kukuwana zvinhu zvechiJapan namabasa. Uku kukurukura kwakatsoropodzwa kwamarudzi ose asi kwakaramba kuchisimbiswa zvakasimba muzvikuva kusvikira kuma1990.

LDP’s Golden Era of Aid (1955-2009)

Kutonga kweLDP kunodokusaputsika kuvambira muna 1955 kusvikira kuna 2009 kwakaibvumira kubatanidza uzivi hwayo hweyamuro yokumwe mumuitiro womutemo nesangano. Mativi makuru aibatanidza:

  • Kurongeka kweStategic neUS-Japan Security Treaty: Aid yakashandiswa kusimbisa vasonganiri muSoutheast Asia, zvakadai seThailand, Indonesia, uye Philippines, kurwisa pesvedzero yekomonisiti.
  • Kutaurirana kwoupfumi: Ushumiri hweEconomy, Trade neIndasitiri (MOTI) uye Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOSA) zvakabatira pamwe kuvimbisa zvirongwa zvokuwedzera zvivako zveJapan. Zvirongwa zvokuwedzera sezviteshi zvengarava, zvivako zvemagetsi, uye migwagwa kazhinji kazhinji zvaida michina yeJapan nebvumirano dzeinjini.
  • Minimanial recontitution reconficial: Kusafanana navapi veNordic, LDP kazhinji kazhinji yakadzivisa yamuro inobatanidza kudzora kana kuti kuita kwamaruramiro avanhu, ichida hurumende dzakatsiga, dzinodzvinyirira idzo dzakawirirana nefariro dzechengeteko dzeJapan.

Pasinei zvapo nokudanidzira kwekodzero dzevanhu kwehurumende yehondo, LDP yakapfuurira kubuda, ichitaura kuti kuvimbisana kwakanga kuchibudirira zvikuru kupfuura kuzviparadzanisa. Iyi mirangariro yakangogadziridzwa bedzi pashure pokuchinja kwouwandu hwa2011 kukutonga kwechiuto kwaPurezidhendi Thein Sein, asi kunyange panguva iyoyo, kusvika kwaLDP kwakaramba kwakangwarira.

DPJ Interregnum: Kuchinja Kupfupi Kunzvimbo Yokutanga Yomunhu

Democratic Party yeJapan yorukundo rwapanyika mujambwa ra2009 rakaratidzira kuputika kwenhau. Kwenguva yokutanga chifo cha 1955, LDP yakarasikirwa nokudzora imba yakaderera. DPJ, yakaumbwa nokubatanidzwa kwamapoka anoverengeka etsoropodzo, yakavimbisa muitiro wakazvimirira zvikuru wokumwe nengwariro huru zvikuru pa shanduko yohunhu uye .

Mupasi peDPJ Vafundisi Vanotungamirira Yukio Hatoyama, Naoto Kan, uye Yoshihiko Noda, chinjo dzinoverengeka dzeODA dzakakarakadzwa:

  • yamuro yokubatanidza: DPJ yakasundidzira kubvisa chinodikanwa icho zvirongwa zvakagadzirwa neODA zvinofanira kushandisa zvivaki zveJapanese, zvichivavarira kuwedzera makwikwi nokuderedza ndyiko.
  • Kusvika kwapakati pevanhu: Nhevedzo itsva yakaiswa pautano, dzidzo, uye kudzora, mutsinhirano neMillennium Development Zomhromedzero (MDGS).
  • Kuvimbisana nzanga: DPJ kurukurirano namasangano asiri ehurumende (NGO) ndokuvakurudzira kutora rutivi mukuronga kwemiitiro(a kubva kutsika yakadzikwa yeLDP’s, mabhureaucracy.

Zvisinei, kutadza kunyora mashoko eDPJ kwakaramba kwenguva pfupi. Njodzi yenyukireya ya2011 yeEast Japan uye Fukushima yakazotevera yakakanganisa pfungwa dzehurumende uye mari yayo. Uyezve, kushayikwa kwepfungwa dzehurumende yeDPJ mune dzimwe nyika kwakaita kuti isaenderane nokutumira mashoko. Somuenzaniso, nepo DPJ yakatsoropodza LDP nemhaka yokunyanya kuzviisa pasi peUS, kuedza kwehurumende yeHatoma kudzorera kunzi Futenma jiate shopu yemauto yakadzosa mubatanidzwazve, uye kubatsira marudzi eUS yakadzorwa haana kuderedzwa sezvakaitwa nevamwe veDPJ.

Pakasvika 2012, LDP yakadzosazve simba pasi peShinzo Abe, uye zvakawanda zvezvinjo zveDPJ zvakadzorwa chinyararire. Purogiramu yeyamuro yakadzoserwa kusimbiso yakasimba pa stategic shopu yezvivako [ uye ] , zvichiwirirana nechiono chaAbe che “rusununguko nePificity.”

Masimba Matsva Neakabatana Ezvamatongerwe Enyika

Kutapura kwadzo ODA kwave kuchinzwika munharaunda dzakananga, kunyange zvazvo pasina akakwanisa kudenha udzori hweLDP payamuro yokumwe.

Komeito: Mushandiri weCoalition ane Bent Anoshanda Nevanhu

Komeito, mubato une midzi musangano rechiBuddha Soka Gakkai, wave ari mubiyake weSLDP muduku kubvira muna 1999. Komeito’s platifomu inosimbisa [ kuvaka rugare [, displate yorumuro yeYamuro ye , uye [[FLT:] midzi] midzi inodzivirira vanhu muchengeteko yorugare [. apo LDP inonangidzira pamite yenzvimbo yakaoma, Komeito yakabudirira nokuwedzera zvirongwa zvoutano, kuvaka chikoro, uye tsigiro nokuda kwevapoteri. Muenzanisiro Kometo aidhiro yeI Japan nokuda kwokubatsira kworugare rweSouthern Sudan.

Nippon Ishin (Boka reJapan reInnovation): Pragmatic and Eusectible-Focured

Japan Innovation Party (yaichimbova Ishin no Kai) isangano rakarurama, reReformation iro rinotsigira nokuda kwe kushaikwa kwemari uye ] . Rakatsoropodza icho chinoti chinorasisa ODA inopambadza, zvikurukuru pamabasa makuru anovhozhokerwa mari. Mitezo yeIshin yakadana nokuda kwokunzvera kukuru kwezvirongwa zveODA uye kuoneka kukuru mukuwana. Kunyange zvazvo boka racho risina kuva musimba renyika, pesvedzero yaronge yapira kugadziridza kuduku mugadziriro yeJICA.

Boka rechiKomonisiti reJapan (JCP) uye Democrates wenzanga: Inzwi Rechintimenti - Militarism

Mapati okuruboshwe akadai seJCP anoshora nenzira inodzorwa nguva dzose ODA ipi neipi inotsigira zvinangwa zvehondo kana kuti zvemibatanidzwa. Anotsigira nokuda kweyamuro kuti iendeswe chose chose kupfurikidza namasangano eSangano Romubatanidzwa weNyika Dzapasi Pose uye kuti Japan irongedze nyika dzinenge dzatokura zvishoma zvikuru dzisina tambo dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzakabatanidzwa. Nepo aya mapoka asingatongotapudzi mutemo chaiwoiwo, makire avo anopa nzvimbo yokuti MOFA ne JICA vanofanira kutaura mumishumo yavose, kusundira nomutoo wamanomano kuti pave nomutauro mukuru wezve wehurumende muzvinyorwa zvapamutemo.

Kuongorora Nyaya: Matongerwe Enyika Akaumba Sei Zvisarudzo Zvokubatsira

Frastrust muAfrica (LDP-Dominited, 2013-2020)

LDP pasi peAbe yakatanga nhano huru yeAfrica, Tokyo International Conference on African Development (POTIAD), iyo yakava mutungamiriri weyamuro weJapan. POTIAD V (2013) naTICTIAD VI (2020) (2016) zvakaona zvibvumirano zvemabhiriyoni emadhora emadhora epamugwagwa, zviteshi, zviteshi zvesimba. Sangano recraticalculus rakajeka: Africa yakagovera mikana yepfuma nepesvedzero inokura mumitengo yamarudzi akawanda. LDP yakashandisa OD sechito chishandiso kurwisa Bhelt neRFFritive (B) nokusimudzira “kukura kwakakwirira kwezvikwereti zvezvikwereti zviri nani. Kometo yaitsigirawo mari yaitsigirawo dzidzo yamarudzi akawanda mumimwe dzidzo yedzidzo yezvo yezvo yezvomuAfrica, uye dzidzo.

Myanmar: Chikamu Chehurumende Huru

Myanmar inopa muenzaniso wakajeka wemadenderedzwa echikamu. Mukati mamakore eLDP pasi paAbe (2021-2021), Japan yakagovera ODA kuMyanmar, kubatanidza mabhiriyoni Z $2 (Z $2) eThilawa Special Economic Zone(a chirongwa chokusimudzira kuvapo kwesangano reJapan nepesvedzero inowirirana yeChina munharaunda. Pashure pokuparadza kwa 2021, zvisinei, nzanga yamarudzi ose yakashurikidza junta. Hurumende yeLDP, zvino pasi poMutungamiriri wePrime Kishida, pakutanga yakaregwa muyamuro itsva asi yakapfuurira kubetsera kwomutsa, inoratidzira betsero yetsika yechiPutuko iyo inodzivisa kuva yadzorwa chose chose. Musianoanoano DP J (ingadai yakaramba iri musimba) sezvingabvira yakaita kusimbisa kusimbisa kusimbisa pamutemo uye kubetsera kwose kwavanhu pamusoro pekodzero dzayo dzapakuvamba.

COVID-19 uye Vaccine Diplomacy (LDP-Komeito Coalition, 2020-2022)

Mukati medenda, ODA yeJapan yakachinja zvikuru. LDP, nekurudziro yakasimba yaKomeito, yakagoverwa inopfuura mabhiriyoni $3 (Z $5) nokuda kwoutano hwenyika yose, kubatanidza nhomba nenzvimbo dzinotonhora. Uku kwakanga kuri kubviswa kwegadziriro dzenguva dzose dzesangano reLDP. Chisarudzo chacho chakadzorwawo namakwikwi ezvamatongerwe enyika neChina, ayo akanga achiitisa “kurukurirano dzinooneka..” Hurumende yebatira imwe yakanzwisisa kuti mhinduro inobetsera vanhu yaizotsigira simba rakapfava reJapan. Chinjo yacho yakanga iri yechinguvana asi inoenzanisira kuti simba renguva dzose retsika reboka rinotonga rinogona kukunda sei zvinhu zvarondwa.

Miitiro Yemisi Ichangobva Kupfuura Nenhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi (Ma20 uye Kupfuura)

Kudzoka KweODA Yakabudirira Pasi peKisida

Mutungamiriri wehurumende Fumio Kishida, uyo akatsiva Abe muna 2021, akabudisa “ Rusununguko neKuvhura Indo-Pacific” chiono [[FOLT:1] segadziriro yemiitiro yokumwe yeJapan. ODA zvino yakabatanidzwa zvakajeka nokuchengeteka nokudzivisa. Muna 20222, hurumende yakazivisa chitsva [“ DAP] Chiratidzo cheBatiro reBatiko reJapan. icho chinobatanidza kubatana kwetsika, kuvaka, uye kusimba kwezvenga. mamiriro okudzora ezvoupfumi anovimbisa kuti ichi chipfuudzero chakafanira, kunyange zvazvo boka racho richipfuurira.

Zvinoitwa Nemaonero Evanhu Vose uye Nevanhu Vari Munyika Yacho

Murangariro wavose weJapan paODA wakavhengana. Nzvero dzinoratidza kuti vabhadhari vazhinji vateri vanorangarira yamuro seyakaipa, zvikurukuru vanopiwa chikwereti chavanhu chavanhu chakakwirira cheJapan. Mapati ePopulist, kubatanidza Rewa Shinsengumi ari kuruboshwe uye mamwe magariro, akamanikidzira zvikuru pamusoro peiyi mirangariro, kukumbira yamuro kuti ichekwe ndokudzoreswa kumapurogiramu enzanga. Zvisinei, LDP naKomeito vakadzivirira kazhinji kazhinji semariro yezve muchengeteko yenyika nezvemari. Kubuda kwezvirongwa zvenzanga zvenzanga zvakamanikidzira vatendi vezvamatongerwe enyika kururamisa ODA zvakajeka, kuchitungamirira kukuwedzera mumapurogiramu enzanga.

Kukwanisa Kuchinja Nguva Yemberi

Dai DPJ kana kuti boka rakafanana raizodzokera kusimba, Japan ingaona kutsikirira kutsva nokuda kweyamuro ndokuibatanidza neSustainable Development Zomhroro (SDGs). Rumwe ruwa rwekuruboshwe rwaigona kuderedza betsero yehondo nokuwedzera mipiro kumari yakawanda. Kune rumwe rutivi, hurumende yakatsiga zvikuru yetsika nemubatanidzwa wekutakura rudyi Japan Reconsolection Party

Chikamu 9, chinoramba hondo cheJapan, munhau chakadzivisa ODA kushandiswa nokuda kwamadonzo ehondo bedzi. Zvisinei, kududzirwazve kwemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi pasi peLDP kwakadzikatidza mutsetse pakati pekukura nechengeteko, kuchitungamirira kukutsoropodzwa kumapoka anoshora. Kurongwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika kwomunguva yemberi kuchasarudza kana ichi chimiro chendangariro chichikurumidzisa kana kuti chichichinja.

Mugumo: Mapati Ezvamatongerwe Enyika Sezvikamu Zvekugadzira Zvetsoka Dzomunyika Yose dzeJapan

Mitemo yeyamuro yokumwe yeJapan haisati ichingova zvayo magwaro esangano retechnocrates anorongwa nabureaucrates; iwo ichibereko chamakumi amakore okuita purofiti yezvamatongerwe enyika, pfungwa, uye purofiti. Liberal Democratic Party, kupfurikidza nechemberi yayo refu, yakaumba ODA kuva chishandiso chapamutemo chinobatira fariro dzemari nechengeteko zveJapan nepo ichichengeta chitarisiko chetsika yerudzi. Nguva pfupi yeDPJ yakaratidzira kuti boka rakasiana rinodzora ringagona kudzorera yamuro kukubudirira kwavanhu nepesvedzero yeUS. Masangano eClaire akadai seKomeito, Ishin, uye JCPFREAD inowedzerawo kuti, achinyandura kuti dzimwe nguva gadziridzo dzomugariro wakananga apo nepo apo padzimwe nguva iverongedzero rePDP.

Japan sezvainorwisana nechiverengero chavagari vemo vakwegura, rwisano inokura yeruwa neChina, uye muuyo wedenda reCOVID-19, purogiramu yayo yeODA icharamba iri chishandiso chinokosha chokuratidzira pesvedzero. Vadzidzi navacherekedzi vezvamatongerwe enyika veJapan vanofanira kutarira kuti ipfungwai dzinobva kuivava vanowana chiverengero musarudzo yomunguva yemberi. Basa renyika mukukura kwenyika yose richapfuurira kuumbwa nemubatanidzwa pakati pamasimba ehurumende omumba nedzvinyiriro dzamarudzi ose. Kunzwisisa iri simba rinokosha nokuda kwemunhu upi noupi anofunda nzvimbo yeJapan munyika.

Nokuda kwokuraviwazve paODA yeJapan nepesvedzero dzayo dzezvamatongerwe enyika, ona dare [[FLT: 0] Mistry of Foreign Affairs ODA peji, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JAHA)[FLT], uye nzvera kubva ku [[FLT:]] Institute of Econy, Trade and Indust (RIETI).