Basa Remapoka Anofarira Chaiwo Zvematongerwe Enyika Zvevenyika ZveUnited States: Simba, Pesvet, uye Gakava

Gakava guru riri rose remiitiro muAmerica rinobatanidza vatambi vausina kutongosarudzwa. Apo Congress inorangarira kuchinja kwezvoutano, makambani emishonga nemurwere zvinogadzira mishonga zviri mukamuri. Apo gadziriro yedzidzo yehurumende inokakavadzana, masangano edzidzo avadzidzisi navabereki anoita kuti zvinzwike. Apo mirau yemhoteredzo inovapo, vose vari vaviri vakwidziridziridzi namapoka anochengetedza vanorwira pesvedzero.

Aya mapoka echimuko chaicho .Masangano avanhu akabatanidzwa nevavariro dzakafanana vanoshanda kupesvedzera muitiro wehurumende. Dzimwe nguva vanonzi mapoka edzosi, mapoka edzvinyiriro, kana kuti marobha, uye vanoshandisa simba guru mune zvamatongerwe enyika dzeAmerica. Vamwe vanoshanda nemari yemari yakawanda yemari nemauto evamanikidzi. Vamwe vanobhajesa shangu netsanangu navatsi vanozvipira. Asi vose vanogoverana nharidzano imwe cheteyo: mitemo nemiraudzo kuti vabetsere chisakiso chavo.

Nhevedzano yamapoka efariro chaiyo muzvamatongerwe enyika yeU. iri yose iri miviri inokosha neinomutsa nharo. Vatsigiri vanozviona sehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu iri mumabasa(859) inoronga kuita kuti manzwi avo anzwiwe. Vatsoropodzi vanozviona sepesvedzero dzinoshatisa dzinopa vapfumi simba gurusa. Zvokwadi, senguva dzose, yakaoma zvikuru.

Iyi nhungamiro inonzvera kuti mapoka efariro chaiyo chii, kuti anopesvedzera sei zvamatongerwe enyika, nei achikosha, uye gakava rinopfuurira pamusoro pebasa rawo muAmerican democracy. Ungave uri kuedza kunzwisisa kukweverwa, kushamisika pamusoro pemari yenhimbe, kana kuti kurangarira kukumbanira sangano rezvounyengeri iwe umene, kunzwisisa kuti mapoka echishuvo anoshanda sei kunokosha kufambidzanisa zvamatongerwe enyika zvazvino uno.

Kurondedzera Vatambi Vacho Chii?

A boka refariro chaiyo[ isangano rakarongwa ravanhu vamwe navamwe kana kuti masangano anotsvaka kupesvedzera muitiro wavanhu munzira dzinobetsera mitezo yaro kana kuti kufambisira mberi donzo rayo. Kusafanana namapati ezvamatongerwe enyika, ayo anotsvaka kuwina sarudzo nokutonga, mapoka ezvisarudzo anoshanda kupesvedzera avo vanodzora.

Zvinhu Zvinoratidza Maitiro

.Orgated Extuation: Mapoka ezvikomborero chaizvo ane gadziriro yakarongwa(maodha, mitezo, mabhajeti, uye marongedzero. Haasati achingova bedzi miunganidzwa yakasununguka yavanhu vane pfungwa dzakafanana asi masangano akarongeka akagadzirirwa pesvedzero inotsigirwa yezvamatongerwe enyika.

[ Zvinogoveranwa[: Mitezo inogoverana nharidzano dzakafanana, dzingava dzinodzivirira maruramiro epfuti, kufambira mberi kwezvisakiso zvemhoteredzo, kusimudzira fariro dzebhizimisi, kana kuti kudzivirira rusununguko rwevagari vemo. Iri donzo rinobatanidza vanhu vakasiana - siana muboka.

Chinoyera [: Nepo vangagovera betsero kumitezo (seinishuwarenzi nokuda kwamasangano ezvokutengeserana), donzo ravo rinorondedzera kupesvedzera mirau yehurumende kupfurikidza nomutemo, mirau, zvisarudzo zvedare, kana kuti chiito chavakuru vakuru.

[[FOLT:0] Basa rokuita reNon: Kusafanana napapati, mapoka ezvifaro haaendi vamiriri nokuda kwebasa mureza wavo vamene. Vanopesvedzera vari musimba panzvimbo pokutsvaka simba zvakananga.

Chinovasiyanisa Nemapati Ezvamatongerwe Enyika

Musiyano pakati pe mapoka efariro chaiyo namabato ezvamatongerwe enyika unokosha:

[[[FRAT:0] Paritical Parities[:

• Vari kuda kumhanya nokuda kwehofisi
• Tsvaka kudzora hurumende
• Ita nzvimbo munhevedzano yose yenhau dzemitemo
• Zvikwata zvakafara zvinofanira kukurudzira kuti zviwane mibatanidzwa mikuru
• Yakarongwa nenzira yakarongwa nokuda kwamakwikwi okuvhota

[ Mapoka efariro akasiana[:

• Tsigiro kana kuti vashori asi hauzvishandisi
• Tsvaka kupesvedzera hurumende, kwete kuidzora
• Nyatsotarisa nyaya shomanana dzinoenderana nezvadzinokonzera
• Kumiririra mibatanidzwa chaiyo, kwete mibatanidzwa yakakura
• Akarongerwa kuti ashande zvakanaka, kwete kuti asarudze

Musiyano uyu unokosha nemhaka yokuti unoumba mashandire anoita mapoka aya. Mapati anofanira kuva nenzvimbo dzine mwero kuti ahwine sarudzo; mapoka ezvirongwa zvezvirongwa anogona kuita zvimiro zvakanyanyisa kuti agutse nzvimbo dzawo. Pariyo dzine mutoro wokutonga; mapoka ezvirongwa zvezvirongwa anogona kutsigira pasina mutoro wokubvumiranisa zvinhu pane zvisina kufanira mukushanda.

Mapoka Anoshamisa Anofarira

Mapoka echimuko anouya mumhatsa dzisingaverengeki, inomirira chinenge chisakiso chiri chose chingadavikanwa, indasitiri, basa, uye pfungwa:

[[[FRANT:0] Mapoka ezvemari:

• Sangano dzebhizimisi: Makamu ezvokutengeserana, masangano ezvokutengeserana seNational Association of Manusters
• [[FL:0] Mibatanidzwa yeBasa[[FL:1]: AFL-CIO, Tuttns, Serviceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeas International Union
• Sangano dzemibato : American Medical Association, American Bar Association
• Mapoka ourimi: Farm Bureau, songaniro dzechiteshi

[[[INDANGA] Mapoka eMipumburu nemimwe [

• maruramiro eGUN/control: National Rifle Association, Alltown nokuda kwechengeteko yepfuti
• [ Kodzero kana kuti maruramiro [: Kurera kwakarongwa, Kodzero yenyika kuupenyu
• [ Mapoka ezvemagamuchidzanwa: Sierra Club, Environmental Defense Fund
• Muitiro weTax: America for Reformation, Center on Bajet and Policy Primes

[ Kuva neMapoka Amaruramiro avagari vemo:

• [[FOL:0] , uye dzinza: NAACP, National Council of La Raza
• [[[FURO] : National Organization for Vakadzi, March
• LGBTQ: Mushandirapamwe wekodzero dzevanhu, Lambda pamutemo
• [ Urudzidziso: Dare rechiKristu rechiJudha, American Jewish Committee

[[[[Ndoundi] Mapoka efariro [

• [[FOM] dziviriro yeChoumser: Mishumo, Public Citizen
• Chinjo yeHurumende: Chisakiso chavose, Chirongwa Chapamutemo
• Chinopa rusununguko[: American Civil Livorcessies Union, Electronic Frontial Foundation

Uku kusiyana - siyana kunoreva kuti anenge muAmerica ari wose anomirirwa — zvichida asingazivi — kupfurikidza namapoka echisarudzo akawanda anosimudzira panhau dzaanoitira hanya.

Kufambira Mberi Kwenhau: Mapoka Anofarira Akava Sei Dzimba Dzine Simba Dzezvamatongerwe Enyika

Mapoka echimurenga ave ari rutivi rwezvamatongerwe enyika zveAmerica chifo chokuvamba, asi basa rawo rakavamba zvinoshamisa nokufamba kwenguva.

Nguva Yakavambwa: Chokwadi Nemasangano Anoongorora

Vavambi vakanetseka pamusoro peizvo vakadana kuti "mafandero"" -- maboka akabatanidzwa kupfurikidza nefariro dzinopesana namaruramiro avamwe vagari vemo kana kuti zvakanaka zvavose. James Madison akataura iyi itiro hanya muna Federal Murost N. 10, achiramba kuti mapoka akanga asingadzivisiki munzanga dzakasununguka uye kuti chigadzikiso chakanga chisati chiri chokuaparadza (ichaparadza rusununguko) asi kudzora miuyo yawo kupfurikidza nerepublic huru nefariro dzakasiyana - siyana dzinonzverana.

Mapoka Ane Mhindu Apakuvamba: Kunyange muRepublic yapakuvamba, mapoka akarongwa kupesvedzera muitiro:

• Vatengesi Vaitsvakwa Vari Kudzivirira
• Varimi vakatsvaka kusunungurwa kwechikwereti nemitemo yevhu
• Vadzori veChinjo vakarongwa kuchengetedza midyandigere
• Mapoka orudzidziso anorevererwa (kana kuti anorwisana) namachechi akatangwa

Zvisinei, idzi nhamburiko dzapakuvamba dzakanga dziri dzenhambo nenhambo uye dzisina kurongwa dzichienzaniswa nokugamuchirwa kwazvino uno.

Nguva Yakabudirira: Masangano uye Kuchinja

Mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19 kwakava nokuwedzera kwemasangano esangano ane simba uye masangano okuchinja zvinhu aiashora:

Railtrand Lobbing: Makambani eRailtray akava akakurumbira nokuda kwepesvedzero yawo yezvamatongerwe enyika, vaiti vemitemo vanopa chiokomuhomwe, vanochengeta mipiro mihombe yevhu, uye murairo unoumba. Iri bhizimisi rakanyandura pfundepfundepfunde namasangano okuvandudza.

Kuronga: Vashandi vakagamuchira simba resangano kupfurikidza nokuumba mibatanidzwa namasangano ebasa ayo aitsvaka migariro iri nani, maawa mapfupi, uye mutemo unodzivirira.

Kufambira mberi Kwamapoka Echinjo[[FLT: 1]: Masangano akafanana neNational Consumers League uye masangano okugarisa dzimba akasundwa nokuda kwemitemo yebasa ravana, chengeteko yebasa, uye dziviriro yavatengi, kuchiparira mutevedzeri nokuda kwamapoka efariro avanhu vazvino uno.

Kubudirira Kutsva Nokupfuura: Kuwanda Kwemapoka Anoda Zvematongerwe Enyika

Kuwedzera kwenhamba, kuoma kunzwisisa, uye kupesvedzera kwemapoka anofarira kwakaitika muzana remakore rechi20:

New Deal Era[: Kukura kwehurumende kwakaparira mabanza matsva echimuko nokuda kwepesvedzero yeboka. Sezvo hurumende yakadzora mativi akawanda oupenyu, mapoka akawanda akarongwa kuumba mirau iyoyo. Mapoka epurazi, masangano ebhizimisi, uye mibatanidzwa yavashandi zvose zvakakura musimba nemugadziridzo.

Kuwedzera kweHondo [: Ma 1960 nama 1970 akaona wedzero isina muenzaniso mukuumbwa kweboka rechifariro:

• Mapoka ekodzero dzevanhu akadai seNaACP Legal Defense Fund akaita rukundo runokosha
• Masangano emhoteredzo akadai seSierra Club neEvironmental Defense Fund akabuda
• Mapoka evatengesi ezvokutengeserana aitungamirirwa nenhamba dzakafanana naRalph Nader akasundira nokuda kwemirairo yokudzivirira ngozi
• Makambani ezvefariro avanhu ose aishandisa kurukurirano kufambisira mberi nharidzano dzemitemo

Modern Proliferation: Nhasi, zviuru zvamapoka echimuko zvinoshanda pamwero yehurumende, yehurumende, uye yomunzvimbomo. Washington, D.C. vagamuchiri vanopfuura 12 000 vakanyoreswa, uye boka rezvitsauko rinopedzera pakugamuchira anopfuura mabhiriyoni $3 (Z $56) gore negore.

Kubudirira Kukuru Kunokanganisa Masangano Anofarira Enyika Anhasi

Zvisarudzo Zvemari[[FLT: 1]: Zvisarudzo zveDare Rapamusorosa, zvikurukuru Citizen United v. FEC (2010), zvakashandurwa mari yenhimbe kupfurikidza nokubvumira ndyiko dzamasangano, mibatanidzwa, uye mapoka ezvizvarwa kupfurikidza nePCs.

Chinjo yeDigital[[FLT: 1]]: ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rweInternet rwakagonesa zvimiro zvitsva zvemidzi inoronga, kuronga mari, uye kushambadza. Mapoka akadai seKufamba On.org akapayona namabasa okushandisa Internet, nepo zvinobudisa nhau zvenzanga zvakagadzira mikoto mitsva yokuunganidza.

Kuchinja [: Sezvo matongerwe enyika eAmerica akava anopesana zvikuru, mapoka ezvifaro akava akanyanyisa zvikuru uye anodisa zvishoma kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira, achiparira kurongeka.

Suo Riri Kupinda[[FLT: 1]: Kufamba kwavashandi pakati pehurumende namafemu anopesvedzera kwakawedzera, kuchiparira mibatanidzwa yepesvedzero nokusimudzira itiro hanya dzetsika.

Masangano Anofarira Zvinhu Zvoga Anopesvedzera Sei Matongerwe Enyika: Maturusi Esimba

Kunzwisisa kuti mapoka efariro chaiyo anopesvedzera sei matongerwe enyika kunoda kunzvera gadziriro dzakasiana - siana dzaanoshandisa kuumba muitiro.

Kudzongonyedza: Kutsiura Kune Vaiti Vezvisarudzo

Kuchinja kunomirira chimiro chakananga zvikurusa chechisarudzo chinopesvedzera boka() kuendesa vakuru vakuru vehurumende kugadziridza zvisarudzo zvemiitiro.

[[[FOL:0] Izvo Vaongorori Vanoita

• Mashoko eProject: Vaongorori vanogovera vaiti vemitemo navadzori nenzvero yakakwana, kunzvera kwomuitiro, uye unyanzvi hwemichina panhau dzakaoma
• mutemo wemitemo [: Mapoka anofarira anowanzonyora mashoko chaiwoiwo ezvikwereti, ayo vaiti vemitemo vane tsitsi vanosuma ipapo
• inoidzwa pakutongwa: Vamiriri vanooneka pamberi pamatare esangano namasangano anotungamirira kupa nzvimbo dzavo
• Kuvaka ukama: Vakoshi vanosakurira ukama hwenhambo refu navagadziri vemitemo, vashandi, uye vabhureaucrates kuvimbisa kusvika pakunodikanwa
• Zviitiko zvechimurenga: Mapoka anodzika mitemo, mirau, uye zvisarudzo zvedare izvo zvinotapura fariro dzavo

[[[FF:0] Maruva eLobbing:

Drebing Lobbing: misangano yomunhu oga, runhare, uye nyorerana navakuru vakuru.

Grasroots Lobbing: Kumanikidza vamiririri vavo kuti vaonane, kuchiparira chitarisiko chedzvinyiriro yavose. Ruzivo rwazvino uno runoita kuti ikoku kuve nyore kupfuura nakare kose, kunyange zvazvo vamwe vachipanikira kana maemail emotokari ane uremu hukuru.

Kuzviwanisa panzvimbo yenzvimbo : Mapoka ane fariro dzakabatanidzwa kuti awedzere inzwi rawo. Somuenzaniso, masangano ekodzero dzavagari vemo, masangano evashandi, uye mapoka anofambira mberi anowanzotsinhirana pazvinhu zvinotanga zvakagoveranwa.

Kudzosa Kugamuchira [[FLT: 1]: Kunze kwedzimba dzomutemo, mapoka anogamuchira masangano anotungamirira anonyora mitemo inoshandisa. Uku kukumbira kunooneka kushoma kunogona kuva kunopesvedzera zvikuru.

Muenzaniso chaiwoiwo weNyika[[FLT: 1]: Apo Affordal Care Act yakanga ichikudziridzwa, makambani emishonga, mafemu einishuwarenzi, zvipatara, mapoka avanachiremba, vatsigiri vanoshivirira, uye masangano epfungwa dzinodavidza ose. Mamwe mapoka aishandisa vazhinji vavagamuchiri mumwe nomumwe, achipedza mamirioni kugadzira gadziriro dzakananga. Mutemo wokupedzisira wakaratidzira kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira pakati peidzi fariro dzinokwikwikwidzana, neboka rimwe nerimwe richihwina gadziriro apo rinorasikirwa nedzimwe.

Mipiro Yenhimbe: Kutenga Kuwana uye Kupesvedzera

Mari inoita rutivi rukuru muboka rezvimuko zvamatongerwe enyika, inopinzwa zvikurukuru kupfurikidza ne Action Committee (MAPAC) uye [FULT] PACS.

[[ITSV]

• Masangano akaumbwa kuti aunganidze mari kubva kunhengo uye kuti ape mari yevanoda kubhabhatidzwa
• Yakaganhurirwa ku $5 000 pachisarudzo chimwe
• Vapi nevagamuchiri vanofanira kuzivisa
• Yakabatanidzwa nenhimbe namapati

[[[FURO:0] .[[[CT]]:

• Kusikwa pashure pechisarudzo chavagari vemo chakabatana kunobvumira ndyiko dzisina kuganhurirwa dzokuzvimirira
• Kugona kusimudza nokushandisa mari isina kuganhurirwa inobva kumasangano, masangano, uye munhu mumwe nomumwe
• Hatigoni kuronga zvakananga navanoda kufunda
• Munofanira kuzivisa vapi (kunyange kuti "mari isina kujeka" mapoka anogona kuvanza manyuko echokwadi)

[[[FUNDO:0] Nzira iyo Mipiro Inoparira Nayo Simba:

Access[[FLT: 1] mipiro yenhimbe inovimbisa kuti vaparidzi vemibato vaiti vapinde misangano navaiti vemitemo navashandi vavo. Nepo mapoka achitaura kuti haasati achitenga mavhoti," vanobvuma kutenga mukana wokuita nhau yavo.

[ .Reliation Chivako[[FLT: 1]]: Mipiro yenguva dzose munguva inoparira ukama hwokutsamirana. Vaiti vemitemo vanovimba namapoka kuti vapiwe mari; mapoka anovimba navagadziri vemitemo nokuda kwomuitiro wakaisvonaka.

, kutyisidzira kwevanoshora kunopa mapoka simba rokushandisa. Nenzira inopesana, chipikirwa chetsigiro chinobetsera mapoka kuumba nzvimbo dzevanoda kupinda hofisi vasati vasvika.

Ibure Frame[[FLT: 1]: Kupfurikidza nendyiko dzakazvimirira, PCs dzinoshambadzira zvikuru dzinoratidzira zvakanaka, dzinoumba hurukuro yavose negadziriro dzezvamatongerwe enyika.

Numeri[[FLT: 1]: Munhambo yamajangarati okuvhota 2022, PACs akapa mari inopfuura mabhiriyoni 1,4 emadhora kumasangano, nepo maPACIFUP achipedzera anopfuura mabhiriyoni 2,8 emadhora okuzvimirira. Nhamba idzi hadzibatanidzi mari kana kuti mutengo wehurumende.

Kudzidzisa Vanhu uye Kuronga Kutengesa Vanhu

Mapoka anofarira haangopi zviremera chete — zvinoshanda kuumba murangariro wevoruzhinji kuti ape dzvinyiriro yechinjo yomuitiro.

[[[FRANTE:0] Misangano yeMediya:

• Kushambadza kweterevhizheni neredhiyo kunosimudzira maonero azvo
• Vane majeri netsamba kumapepanhau
• Kushandira pamwe kwevanobudisa nhau uye kubatana kwevane simba
• Mafirimu echidhindo uye zvinhu zvirimo zvakatsigirwa nemari

[[[ITSV:0] Kunzvera uye Mishumo[:

• Mapepa emitemo anopa mabhomba ouchenjeri
• Nzvero nenhamba zvinotsigira zvimiro zvazvo
• Uchapupu hweunyanzvi uye kushandira pamwe kwenyanzvi
• Matangi okuongorora anoramba achigadzirwa

[[[FURU:0] Zviitiko zvePublic:

• Misangano nehurukuro dzokusiyirana zvinosimudzira nhau
• Mibayiro uye kuzivikanwa kunoita kuti pave neshamwari dzakanaka
• Vakakurumbira vanotsigira uye vanotaura zvikuru

Nhamba - Climate Advocacy[[FLT:] Mapoka emhoteredzo akaita nhimbe dzakaisvonaka kuti aumbe murangariro wavanhu pamusoro pechinjo yemamiriro okunze. Ivo vakatsigira kunzvera kwesayenzi, vakabudisa mapepa akadai se "An Incontenfient Truth," masangano epwere akarongwa seSunrise Movement, uye anosimudzira mamiriro okunze enyika. Nhambudzo idzi dzakabetsera kuchinja mamiriro okunze kubva kunhau yakaganhurirwa kusvika kunzvimbo yokutanga yezvamatongerwe enyika nokuda kwavazhinji vanovhotera.

Makwara Anokonzera Mhomho: Vanhu Vane Simba

Ruzivo rwemazuva ano rwezvinhu runowedzera kukwanisa kwemapoka kuunganidza vatsigiri kuti vaite zvematongerwo enyika.

[[[FOL:0]

• Vavhoti vanonyoresa sezvingabvira kuti vatsigire nzvimbo dzavo
• Kubuda panzvimbo yazvino uno pazuva resarudzo
• Nhungamiro dzezvitambi dzinoyera vanoda kupiwa qhaza panhau dzavo
• Nhimbe dzokutanga dzokubhadharwa

[[[ITS. 0] Chiito [[[CHOKA]]:

• Kufamba, kunyunyuta, uye kuratidzira
• Kusateerera kwehurumende nokudzivisa kusina masimba masimba
• Kurwisana kwehoro yeguta nedzvinyiriro yavose
• Kushambadza uye zviito zvokutenga

[[[Digal:0] Digal Organing:

• Nhimbe dzemaemail dzinoita kuti mamiriyoni evanhu ataure nevaiti vemitemo
• Kukumbira paIndaneti kunowedzera
• Mabudiro epamaterevhizheni uye utachiona
• Kufara uye kuunganidza mari shoma

Case Study - Tea Party Movement: Kuvambira muna 2009, mapoka ezveuswa akaunganidza chishoro kumiitiro yeObama. Vakaronga kutsutsumwa kwehoro yomutaundi, denho huru mukurwisana navaRepublicans vane mwero, uye mabasa okuvhota. Iyi midzi yevhu inotsigirwa namapoka akasimwa, yakaumba Republican Party uye kurukurirano dzemiitiro yamasimba masimba kwamakore.

Kunyepa: Kushandisa Matare Kuti Azadzise Zvinangwa

Mamwe mapoka anofarira anoronda kuchinja kupfurikidza negadziriro yokutonga panzvimbo (kana kuti mukuwedzera ku) matare okugadza matendero.

[[FFL:0] STRATIGUS:

• Kunyatsosarudza nyaya dzinoedzwa kuti pave nemienzaniso yakanaka
• Kumirira vamiriri vezvitendero vamwe navamwe kuti vapikise mitemo kana kuti mitemo
• Filing allicus curiae ("shamwari yedare") inopfuura pfupi munhau dzinokosha
• Kuvaka nzira dzokuita nadzo zvinhu kwemakumi emakore

[[[FF:0] Mitemo yebudiriro yeLitiga:

NAACP Legal Defense Fund[[FLT: 1]: Kupfurikidza neritation digitation kunoguma muBrown v. Board of Education (1954), NAACP yakaputsa muganhu wapamutemo(a nharidzano isingabviri kuwana kupfurikidza nedzimba dzomutemo panguva yacho.

[[[FLT: 0] Mapoka eMhesano [[FLT: 1]: Masangano akafanana neSierra Club and Environmental Defense Fund akashandisa kupomera kumanikidza masangano ehurumende kumanikidza mitemo yemhoteredzo ndokudzivirira marudzi ari mungozi.

ACLU[[FLT: 1]: American Civil Libersions Union yakagadza mhaka dzechiratidzo pakutaura kwakasununguka, rusununguko rworudzidziso, kuva woga, uye ruramisiro youtsotsi, inoumba mutemo webumbiro remitemo kwezana ramakore.

[Nhume yemitemo yeChibvumirano]: Mapoka akafanana neFederalist Society neAlliance Iresting Freedom akadenha nenzira inobudirira chiito chokubvuma, mirau yezvemari, uye maruramiro okubvisa mimba kupfurikidza nokuparidzwa kwounyanzvi.

Chikonzero nei Litigation Mabasa: Matare haagoni kufuratira mapoka nzira iyo vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa vangaita nayo. Zvisarudzo zvokutonga zvinotanga mienzaniso inobatira inotapura nyika yose. uye nokuda kwenhau dzenharo umo miganhu yemitemo isingabviri, matare anopa imwe nzira yokuchinja nayo muitiro.

Zvibvumikiso Nemagariro: Kubvisa Matongerwe Ezvinhu Echikwata Chinofarira Matongerwe Enyika

nzvimbo yamapoka efariro chaiyo [ inoparira gakava rakakomba pamusoro petapuro yawo pahurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica.

Chikonzero Nei Vatsigiri Vachikoshesa Mapoka Anofarira Chaiwo

[ Kuzivisa uye Mashoko [:

Vakuru vakuru vehurumende havagoni kuva nyanzvi pachinyorwa chiri chose. Mapoka anofadzwa anopa zivo ine udzame, unyanzvi hwemichina, uye ruzivo rwokuzviwanira runoshanda izvo zvinovandudza kugadziridzwa kwemiitiro. Apo Congress inorangarira chinjo yezvoutano, mapoka avanachiremba, vasangano dzezvipatara, uye vatsigiri vemurwere vanopa nzwisiso idzo vaiti vemitemo vanoshaiwa.

[[[Divhi:0] Inzwi Rinopa mbiri revagari vemo:

Mapoka anofarira anoisa itiro hanya dzomunhu oga musimba reboka, achipa vanhuwo zvavo inzwi rine revo rezvamatongerwe enyika.

[ Kumirira Mirangariro inopesana:

Mabhizimisi nevashandi, vezvezvakatipoteredza uye vemaindasitiri, kodzero dzepfuti uye dzokudzora pfuti vose vane masangano anotsigira nyaya yavo.

[ Mikaha inomirira [:

Mapoka anofarira anozadza misiyano iyi ne(___) inoparadzirwa mumaruwa akawanda, zvitendero zviduku zvinogona kuronga nyika dzakasiyana - siyana, uye kufarira kuparadzira kungaita kuti pave nemasimba ezvematongerwe enyika.

[ Kudzidzisa ruzhinji:

Mapoka anofarira anopa ngwariro yenhau dzingasawana ngwariro. Ndiani angaziva pamusoro pechinjo dzemitemo dzisinganzwisisiki, zvibvumirano zvakaoma zvezvokutengeserana, kana kuti gadziriro younyanzvi pasina mapoka anozvisimbisa?

Kuronda Simba reHurumende[:

Masangano erusununguko rwevagari vemo anotonga kana kodzero dzavo dzaputswa, mapoka embwa anotarisira uori anofumura tsvina nouori, uye masangano okudzora vanhu anoita kuti vakuru vakuru vazvidavirire.

Muenzaniso wokuchinja[[FLT: 1]]: Apo Veterans Administration yakatarisana nenjodzi yenguva dzokumirira kwenguva refu netarisiro isina kunaka, masangano agara nebasa akaunza ngwariro kuchinetso, akashushikana nokuda kwemutemo wokuvandudza, uye kunzvera kuitwa. Mhare dzimwe neimwe dzakanga dzisina simba rokumanikidza kuchinja; kuronga kudzora kwakabudirira apo nyunyuto dzakasiana dzakakundikana.

Chikonzero Nei Vatsoropodzi Vachiaona Semakakatanwa

[[[FO:0] Mapoka eWeathy Dominite:

Masangano nemakambani ebhizimisi anogona kupinza basa mauto evatsvaki vemakambani uye kupedza mamiriyoni evanhu pamabasa, asi achiparadzira kurwira kutsigira vanhu kuronga nokutsigira mari.

[[[ITSV: 0] Kuchembera Vagariwo zvavo vemo[:

Mapoka ane unyanzvi anogara achikwanisa kukurukura nevagadziri vemitemo asi vanhuwo zvavo vachitamburira kunzwiwa, hurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu inova ruzhinji.U.S. $100 000 000 000 (Z $560 000 000) iyo indasitiri inopedzera pakukurudzira vanhu kuti vaendese maemail kuvamiririri inovhura manzwi emamiriyoni evanhu.

[[[FL:0] Kushata uye Uori

Kunyange kana mipiro yenhimbe ikasatenga chaizvoizvo mavhoti, inoparira pfungwa dzouori hunosekesa kuva pamutemo kwehurumende yeruzhinji.

[[[FOL:0] Betsero duku pamusoro pezvakanaka zvavose:

Mapoka anofarira anosimudzira fariro dzemitezo yawo, kwete hazvo fariro yavose. Apo mari yemari inobetsera bhizimisi remari pandyiko yavabhadhari, kana kuti apo maindasitiri anotora vadzori vavo, masangano maduku akarongwa anotora betsero apo ndyiko dzinoparadzira dzinowira paruzhinji rusina kurongwa.

[[[Nto:0] tracky Gridrock[[FT:1]

Nemapoka asingaverengeki anoshandisa simba pazvikarakadzo zvinovatapura, chinjo huru inodokuva isingabviri. Boka rimwe nerimwe rinodzivirira rutivi rwaro rwemugariro, richidzivisa chinjo idzo dzingabetsera nzanga yose zvayo asi dzichikuvadza migariro yakati.

[[[DH:0] Suo Rinotenderera[[[FRATO:1]:

Vakuru vakuru vangasarudza vachingwarira mikana yokuda kushandira nguva yemberi, nepo vaimbova vakuru vakuru vachibatsira vatengi kuti vawirirane nehurumende.

[[[FRANT:0] Kupedzisa nokubudisa

Mapoka anofarira haana kurudziro yokubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira () mitezo yawo inoda kuti varwire zvinzvimbo zvakachena.

Muenzaniso chaiwoiwo[: Kurwa pamusoro pechinjo yemitero ya2017 kwakaratidza chimuko cheboka repurofiti pakwakaipa kwazvo, vatsoropodzi vanotaura. Nepo makambani navanhu vakapfuma vane mabasa okukwezva akaoma kuunganidza gadziriro dzakafanira mamirioni, vabhadhariwowo zvavo vakanga vane mireza yakaganhurirwa. Chitsama chokupedzisira chaiva namakambani akati kuti anobatsira maindasitiki apo aiwedzera mari inokwana kuperevedza.

Chinetso chaMadison

Iyi kurukurirano inoratidzira itiro hanya yapakuvamba yaJames Madison muFederalist No. 10. Facions (mapoka anowirirana zvikurusa) hadzidzivisiki munzanga dzakasununguka(* kudzidzvinyirira kungaparadza rusununguko. Kunyange zvakadaro, dzinotyisidzira kodzero dzavanhu nedzevoruzhinji. Mhinduro yaMadison (inyika huru inorwisana nefariro dzenhando) zvimiro zvatinofunga pamusoro pezvikamu zvemhindu nhasi.

Mubvunzo hausi wokuti kuva namapoka ezvidzidzo hakudzivisiki muhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Mubvunzo ndewokuti ipesvedzero yazvo ingashandiswa sei nenzira inobudirira apo inoganhurira mano avo okubatwa zvisina kufanira.

Kuchinja Zvinhu: Kuedza Kudzora Kupesvedzera Kweboka Rinofarira

Kunetseka pamusoro pe yechido chaicho inopesvedzera boka yakaparira nhamburiko dzakasiana - siana dzokuchinja.

Kuisa Mubhedha Musingabhadhari uye Kunyoresa

Comment

• Aya anomiririra
• Inhau dzipi dzavanoomerera padziri
• Kuti vanopedzera marii pamibato yokukurudzira
• Varidzi vehurumende vavanotaura navo

[[FFT:0] STREngth: Kuona chitarisiko kunobvumira voruzhinji nezvinobudisa nhau kuronda kuti ndiani anokumbira nokuda kwechii, kuchiparira kuzvidavirira.

Kushambadza[[FLT: 1]: Vapesvedzeri vazhinji vanodzivisa kunyoresa kupfurikidza nokutaura kuti havapedzi nguva yakakwana pakukumbira kwakananga, rondedzero dzine mhosho, uye kuchengetwa kunoganhurirwa.

Kudzorwa Kwemari Kwenhimbe

[ .Federal Econstration Cancer Act (1971, yagadziridzwa 1974): ganhuriro dzakaumbwa dzemupiro, zvinodikanwa zvokuzivisa, uye gadziriro dzePC.

Bipartisan Champaign Reform Act (2002),[FLT: Yakarambidza mipiro yemari kumapoka enyika uye kushambadza kunodzorwa nenhau pedyo nesarudzo.

Citizens United v. FEC (2010)[FLT: 1]: Dare rapamusoro rakarega ganhuriro pandyiko dzakazvimirira dzinoitwa namasangano namasangano, kuchitungamirira kunhambo yePUT.

[[[FURO:0] C basa reFrame razvino

• Mipiro yePaC yakakwira $5 000 padanho rimwe nerimwe resarudzo
• Mipiro yomunhu mumwe nomumwe yaiganhurirwa ku $3 300 pachisarudzo (2024)
• MaPACI makuru anogona kusimudza ndokushandisa zvitsama zvisina kuganhurirwa mukuzvimirira
• Mapoka emari asina kujeka anogona kuvanza kuzivikanwa kwevanopiwa nezvivako zvisingashandisi mhindu

[[ITSV: 0] Ronga rondedzero[[CV]:

• Kuchinja Vagari Vakabatana Kupfurikidza Nokugadziridzwa Kwebumbiro Remitemo
• Kutsigira mari kwenhimbe dzinoderedza rutsamiro rwemubereko weboka
• Zvinodikanwa zvakasimba zvikuru zvokuzivisa zvinozivisa manyuko echokwadi okushandisa kwezvamatongerwe enyika
• Mushandi muduku anoenzanisa mapurogiramu anokudza mipiro yemipiro yeuswa

Mitemo Yetsika Neganhuriro Dzinochinja

Nguva dzeCoolting[: Yaichimbova mitezo yeCongress inotarisana nerambidzo yegore rimwe (makore maviri nokuda kwoutungamiriri) isati yakurudzira vaichimbova vasonganiri. Vakuru vakuru vebazu vanotarisana neganhuriro dzakafanana.

Gifft Bhanis[[FLT: 1]: Vadzori vanotarisana neganhuriro dzakasimba pazvipo kuvakuru vakuru, kunyange zvazvo kusiiwa kuripo nokuda kwezvinoitika zvinopinda zvikuru nemimwe migariro.

[[[FOL:0] Zvinodikanwa zvokupa maruramiro[: Vakuru vakuru vanofanira kuzivisa fariro dzemari dzingaparira rwisano.

Tsinga[[FLT: 1]: Tsika dzine mhosho -- vakuru vakuru vapakuvamba vanogona ku "pa zano rakarongwa" nhamburiko dzokukuchidzira pasina kunyoresa nenzira yapamutemo savagamuchiri. Kumanikidza kazhinji kazhinji hakuna kusimba, uye zvirango zvinowanzodzivisa kuputswa.

Hurumende Nekuchinja Kwenyika

Dzimwe nyika namaguta zvakagadza mirau yakakomba zvikuru kupfuura mutemo womubatanidzwa:

Maguta namamwe: Mapurogiramu apa vagari vemo zvinyorwa zvinotsigirwa pachena kupa kuida kupiwa, kukudza manzwi maduku.

Inobatanidza: Yakagadzwa kutsigira mari yavose yakasimba nokuda kwehofisi dzehurumende, ichideredza rutsamiro nemari yemubereko yeboka.

Alaska naMaine: Shandisa kuvhota kwakarongwa, kungaderedza pesvedzero yeboka yemhindu kupfurikidza nokubvumira vavhoti kuratidzira zvisarudzo zvakajeka.

[[FON:0] Montana uye Dzimwe nyika: Kuedza kuchengeta mitemo yemari yenhimbe yakakomba, kunyange zvazvo zvisarudzo zvedare rehurumende kazhinji kazhinji zvichikurira nhamburiko dzehurumende.

Kuchinja Kwacho

Nenzira inofadza, nhamburiko dzokuchinja kazhinji kazhinji dzinova hondo pakati pamapoka ezviwanwa amene. Kuchinja kwezvemari kweCampaign kunokweva tsigiro inobva kumamwe mapoka (masangano akanaka ehurumende, mibatanidzwa yavashandi vanotya kushandiswa kwemakambani) uye chishoro chinobva kumamwe (mapoka anowirirana anotaura kodzero dzokutaura norusununguko, maindasitiri anobetserwa nemitemo yazvino). Kunyange kudzora mapoka ezvisakiso kunobatanidza boka rezvirongwa zvefariro.

Mapoka Anofarira Chaiwo Ari Kushanda: Kuongorora Vane Maperembudzi

Kurukurirano dzamanomano dzepesvedzero yeboka dzinova dzakasimba kupfurikidza nemienzaniso chaiyoiyo yenyika.

Fundo Yenhau 1: Mubato Wokutarisira Unorema Unounganidza Fariro

Kupfuura kweObamacare muna 2010 kwakaratidzwa kwaipindirana neboka rezvematongerwe enyika mukuoma kwazvo kwose.

[[[FRANTA:0] Vatambi[:

• Makambani anogadzira zvinodhaka [[[FL:1]: Anoshandisa mamirioni anopfuura $100 okukwidza, kuchengetedza zvipikirwa zvekurukurirano dzemirimo mukutsinhana nokuda kwokuchinja
• Indasitiri yeInicutive: Pakutanga yakashora, yakataurirwa gare gare nokuda kwechiremera chomunhu oga chinoda kutengwa
• Sangano dzeveHapiti: kuchinja kunotsigirwa mukutsinhana nokuda kwevhoriyamu yakawedzerwa yomurwere
• Mapoka aMadictor': akakamuraniswa pakati peAMA (kutsigira) nanyanzvi (kuisa gadziriro dzakati)
• [[FOLT:0] Mibatanidzwa yemari [: yakamanikidzirwa nokuda kwechisarudzo chavose ndokurwisana ne"Kadillac mutero" pakuronga kworupo
• Mapoka ebhizimisi : Anowanzoshora, kududza ndyiko nemitoro inodzorwa
• Mapoka eAdvocacy: Kuzivikanwa kwamapoka ehosha dzakananga akatsigira kufukidzwa
• Mapoka eReverevition: Chishoro chinonyandura kupfurikidza nenhimbe dzouswa nedenho dzapamutemo
• AARP: kuchinja kunotenderwa, kupa chifukidzo chezvamatongerwe enyika nokuda kwegadziriro dzeMedicare-jeri

Chibereko [[[FLT: 1]]: Mutemo wokupedzisira wakaratidzira kubvumirana pakati peaya mapoka anokwikwidzana. Indasitiri huru imwe neimwe yakachengeta gadziriro dzinodzivirira fariro dzayo nepo ichigamuchira zvinhu zvavamwe. Chisarudzo chavanhu chakafa pashure pokushorwa kweindasitiri, asi vabhadhari vakagamuchira miraudzo mutsirirano nokuda kwechiremera chomunhu oga. Makambani emirimo akadzivisa kutaurirana mutengo asi akatarisana nemiripo mitsva.

Nhevedzo[[FLT: 1]: Mutemo mukuru unova muitiro wewirirano pakati pefariro dzakarongwa. Mapoka ane pfuma zhinjisa nengwariro yezvokuronga kazhinji kazhinji anochengeta zvinhu zvawo zvikuru. Fariro dzavanhu (sendyiko dzakaderera) angarasikirwa nefariro dzakanangidzirwa.

Kuongorora Zvakaitika 2: Kodzero Dzepfuni Dzinopesana Nepfungwa Dzokudzora Pfuti

Nhau shomanene dzinoratidza simba reboka rakatanhamara sekurukurirano yepfuti:

National Rifle Association: Zvichida inyika yeAmerica ine simba zvikurusa yeboka rimwe, NRA:

• Anopedza makumi emamiriyoni pazvisarudzo, achitsigira zvikurukuru vaRepublican
• Vagadziri vemitemo pamusoro penzvimbo dzekodzero dzepfuti, vachipesvedzera denho huru
• Mamiriyoni enhengo anopondwa nemamiriyoni nokuda kwezviito zvemafaro
• Kudzora pfuti kwakavharwa zvinobudirira kunyange pashure pokupfura kukuru
• Yakashandiswa kufutunura dudziro dzeChipiri

Masangano okudzora [: Mapoka akafanana ne Gorome rimwe nerimwe nokuda kweSangano reGutu neBrady Cancer:

• Vave vakadzidza zvinhu zvakaoma kunzwisisa uye vari kuwana mari iri nani mumakore achangopfuura
• Rukundo rwenzvimbo yehurumende rwakawanwa pakunzvera kweshure nemitemo mitsvuku
• Kufamba kwemidzi yeuswa yakavakwa kunotungamirira vanhu vakapukunyuka pakupfurwa
• Shandisai zvinobaya mwoyo uye nyaya dzenyu

.IZVOMIRIRO: Kwamakumi amakore, mapoka amaruramiro epfuti akadzora nemhaka yokuti ukuru hwaikosha kupfuura nhamba. Vatsigiri vekodzero dzepfuti vakavhota panhau ino imwe; vatsigiri vokudzora pfuti vakava nezvimwe zvinhu zvokutanga. Kupfura kukuru kwazvino uno kwakapa simba boka rokudzora pfuti, kuchiparira makwikwi ane mwero zvikuru zvamatongerwe enyika.

2022 Breadthrough: Pashure pokupfura kwechikoro kweUvalde, mutezo wekotsekano yepfuti weBhartis wakapfuura(wokutanga mumakumi amakore. Ikoku kwakaratidzira kuchinja boka remhindu, namapoka okudzora pfuti pakupedzisira anowirirana noukuru hwepfuti mune mamwe maruwa.

Njere dzinotemwa[[FLT: 1]: Kusawirirana kwezvinodikanwa zvinhu zvinopfuura nhamba. Vaduku vakarongwa zvakanaka vanogona kukunda zvinhu zvikuru zvisina kurongeka. Asi chiito chinopfuuridzirwa chinogona kubvisa nzvimbo dzaichimbova dzisingachinjiki.

Kudzidza Nenyaya 3: Kugadzira Zvinhu Kubva Kune Vasiri Vatambi Kusvika Pakuwana Vatambi Vane Simba

Kushanduka - shanduka kwemaindasitiri okugadzira zvinhu kunoratidza kuti mapoka anofarira anochinja sei mararamiro awo:

Nhambo yapamberi (1990s-2000s): Makambani eruzivo akadzivisa zvikuru kukweverwa, achizvirangarira amene savadzodzi vakaparadzana namatongerwe enyika. Zvinetso zvaMicrosoft zvinodzivisa kuvimbana zvakaratidza ndyiko yokuparadza kwezvamatongerwe enyika.

Chibvumirano (2000s-2010)[: Makambani akavaka kuvapo kweWashington kunhau dzakaita se:

• Mitemo yokusapindira mune zvematongerwo enyika
• Kuchinja kwaPaten
• Kudzivirirwa kwemashoko uye kuva woga
• Muitiro wokutora H-1B visa
• Miitiro yokutengesa munyika dzakawanda nemitero

Emplot yeModeln Fromment (200-ripo): Unyanzvi hwakava imba yamagetsi inokwevera:

• Google, Amazon, Facebook, Apple, uye Microsoft zvino vanopedzera $50+ mamirioni gore negore pakusvikira
• Masangano ezvemaindasitiri anoronga zvinhu zvinokosheswa nevamwe
• Makambani anopinza basa vaichimbova vakuru vakuru vehurumende nokuda kwounyanzvi nokuwana
• Sangano rezvokutengeserana rakaita seInternet Association rinoita kuti inzwi rikurumidze kunzwika

[[[FF:0] Ibutiro neMakorone[

• Kunzverwa kworuvimbiko kwakaparira nhimbe huru dzokupinda
• Kukakavadzana kwokuva woga kunoita kuti zvinhu zvemazuva ano zvisashandiswa nevatengi
• Chikamu 230 chedziviriro yakava nzvimbo yehondo yezvamatongerwe enyika
• Kuva nomwero mugutsikano kwakamutsa mibvunzo yorusununguko rwokutaura neyokufambisa simba

C Mugariro Wazvino[[FLT: 1]: Mapoka ezvoruzivo zvino anokwikwidzana namaindasitiri egamuchidzanwa mukupesvedzera kushandiswa kwemari nepesvedzero yezvamatongerwe enyika, kunyange zvazvo achitarisana netsoropodzo yebhiparista netyisidziro dzokudzosera.

[ Njere dzinotengwa: Kunyange maindasitiri anotaura kuti anodzongonyedza gadziriro dzegamuchidzanwa pakupedzisira anopinda mune zvamatongerwe enyika. Mari nesangano zvinoparira pesvedzero, pasinei zvapo neindasitiri.

Kuongorora 4: Kuchengetedza Zvakatipoteredza Nemabhizimisi Ako Kubudirira

Mapoka emhoteredzo anoratidzira kuti kuronga kunogona sei kukurira kusava nebetsero kwepfuma:

[ Movement[:

• Masangano akadai seSierra Club, Environmental Defense Fund, uye Natural Resources Defense Council anoronga kudzora
• Kupa muromo kwave kuri chishandiso chinobudirira zvikuru chinopiwa budiriro yemitemo yakaganhurirwa
• Unyanzvi hwesayenzi nokutsvakurudza zvinopa kuvimbika
• Kutsigira nzanga kuti idzivirire mhoteredzo kunoparira nheyo yezvematongerwe enyika

[[[FF:0] ZVINORAMBISWA[:

• Kushandisa Muitiro Wokuchenesa Mhepo uye Kupa Mitemo Yemvura Yakachena
• Marudzi Ari Mungozi Anoita Kuchengetwa Kupfurikidza Nokupomera
• Kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kwaienderana nemamiriro okunze airamba achingochinja
• Nyika inowana simba rinovakwazve uye utsi hunobudiswa

[[[FOL:0] process[[FL]]:

• Mapoka ezvokutengeserana ane zviwanikwa zvakawanda anorwisa mitemo yemhoteredzo
• Masangano asina kutengeserana anodenha miitiro yemhoteredzo pazvikonzero zvemari
• Mapoka ekodzero dzezvinhu anodzivisa ganhuriro dzenyika

STRATEGic Information: Mapoka emhoteredzo akapayona:

• Kushandisa tsinhiro nenzira yakarongwa kumanikidza chiito chehurumende
• Kuvaka mapoka akasiyana - siyana
• Unyanzvi hwesayenzi hunobudirira kuti tivimbe
• Kuronga nhau dzemhoteredzo mumashoko ezvemari (mabasa ebhuruu, upfumi hwakachena hwesimba)

Njere dzezvakapoteredza: Zvikanganiso zvezviwanikwa zvinogona kukurirwa kupfurikidza nerondedzero yezvokushandisa, chivako chakabatana, uye tsigiro yavose. Zvinhu zvokubatanidza dziviriro yemhoteredzo kumabasa neupfumi zvinokwevera kukura kupfuura vatsigiri vemhoteredzo dzenguva dzose.

Kuchinja Kwemadhigirii: Kuchinja Kwakaita Matongerwe Ezvinhu Enyika

Chinjo yemichina yakachinja zvikuru mashandire amapoka ezvifaro ndokupesvedzera zvamatongerwe enyika.

Kuronga Pakombiyuta uye Kupinda Muboka

pinda pa.org na Online Kuruboshwe: yakavakwa muna 1998, Famba Pamusoro pokuronga woupiyona paIndaneti:

• Kukurumidza kuunganidza maemail kunoita kuti mamiriyoni eonano nevakuru vakuru
• Kushandisa Internet kupiwa mari nevapi vaduku
• Dzimba dzemataundi chaiwo uye nhimbe dzemadhigirii
• Zvinobatanidzwa nezvinobudisa nhau zvinogamuchirwa

[[NHAU] Jorty ne Digital Kurura kwe: Mapoka eIndaneti anowirirana uye anopfuura kurongeka kunofambira mberi kwepaIndaneti:

• Yakabatanidzwa pavhu uye nezvinobudisa nhau
• Mapoka eFacebook akaronga zvitsauko zvomunzvimbomo
• Nhimbe dzinokurudzira vanhu vemuRepublic kuti vaende kunzvimbo dzine mwero

Modern Techniques:

• Nhimbe dzemashoko dzinosvika vatsigiri pakarepo
• Kushambadza kunoitwa pasocial network kunosvika pavagari vemo
• Kugadzira mafambiro (# BlackLives Matter, # MeToo)
• Kukumbira paIndaneti (kunyange zvakwakaita chaizvoizvo kunoitiranwa nharo)
• Kutsigira kurongwa kweboka revanhu kunobatsira pasina vapi vegamuchidzanwa

Mashoko Nokuronga

Mapoka anofarira zvino anoshandisa mashoko akaoma kunzwisisa anorondedzera:

Modeling: Mapoka anovaka rondedzero dzakadzama dzinodeya kutaura nzvimbo dzevanhu uye bviro yokuita, achibvumira kurongedzerwa kwakananga kwenyengetedzo nenhamburiko dzokuunganidza.

[ Kushambadza kwechiNgezi: Kushambadza kwapaIndaneti kunogona kurongera vanhu vamwe navamwe vakavakirwa pakutsvaka nhau, chiverengero chavagari vemo, uye fariro dzinoda kubetsera, zvichiita kuti nhimbe dzokushambadzira dzive dzinobudirira zvikuru.

A/B Kuedza: Mapoka anoedza mashoko akasiana - siana, mifananidzo, uye ndurando, achishandisa mashoko kuti ashande zvakanaka munguva chaiyoiyo.

Bhehavioral Nedges[[FL:1]: Nzwisiso dzetsika dzinoshanda, mapoka anogadzira mashoko kuti awedzere mwero yemhinduro.

Kuchinja - chinja kwepfungwa nemitemo

Murangariro weUniversal: Maturusi eMitemo anodzorwa nedemocracy anodzosa kutora rutivi rwezvamatongerwe enyika:

• Kushandisa mari shomanana kunobatsira kuti vanhu vasanyanya kunyanyoda zvinhu zvakapfuma
• Mabudiro epaIndaneti anopa inzwi kumapoka aisambonzwa
• Kuronga paIndaneti kunoderedza zvipingamupinyi zvokushandisa pamwe chete
• Mashoko anopararira akasununguka, achiputsa vachengeti vemagedhi ezvinobudisa nhau

Murangariro wokusagona kudzora [[[FT:1]: Maturusi ezhizha anoita kuti zvimiro zvitsva zvokushandisa zvisashande:

• Microbial - trated inoita kuti pave nemarunda anosefa uye kubatana kwepasi
• Nhimbe dzokusazivisa dzakapararira nokukurumidza kupfuura zvokwadi
• Mapoka emari asina kujeka anovanda necheseri kwemaburi epaIndaneti
• Mabhonzo nenhoroondo dzokunyepedzera zvinoparira midzi youswa inotsigira ("astroturfing")
• Vatambi vokune dzimwe nyika vanogona kuzviita mapoka omumba

Chaizvo[[FLT: 1] : Zvose zviri zviviri zvinoshanda panguva imwe chete. Maturusi enhamba akagonesa midzi chaiyo yakaita seMarch nokuda kweUFY (kudzorwa kwepfuti) uye March yaVakadzi apowo kudzorwa kunonyengera kupfurikidza nenhimbe dzouswa hwenhema nedzokudzokororwa.

Mirangariro Yamarudzi Ose: Mapoka Anofarira Mudzimwe Nyika

Kunzvera boka rezvamatongerwe enyika rinopindirana mune dzimwe nyika kunovhenekera chinosiyanisa pamusoro pegadziriro yeAmerica.

Masangano Ecorpotast: Europe

Ubati ushe hwamadokero hwakawanda hweEurope hune ukama hwakarongwa zvikuru pakati pehurumende nefariro dzakarongwa:

German and Scandinavia: Masangano ebasa, masangano ebhizimisi, uye hurumende zvinokurukura nenzira yakarongwa miitiro mikuru pamwe chete. Uyu mutoo we "corpotantist" unopa mapoka echisarudzo mabasa ehurumende mukugadzira mitemo panzvimbo pokuamanikidzira kuisunda kubva kunze.

[[FURO:0] Mapazi[:

• Kuderedza kukwidza kwemhepo
• Zvekuchengetera mutemo zvinoratidza kuti pane zvaasingagoni kuita
• Ita kuti pave nokubvumirana uye kugadzirwa zvakanaka

[[[FRA:0] Mitemo yemabhakitire

• Mapoka asingabatanidzwi asina zvigaro zvakarongwa patafura
• Ukama hwesimba huripo ngahuvepo
• Kuchinja zvinhu zvishoma nezvishoma kunogona kuita kuti pave negadziriro itsva

Mitemo Yemari Yenhimbe Yakasiana

Kudzorwa kwechikamu [: Ubati ushe hwehurumende huzhinji hunogovera mari yavose nokuda kwenhimbe namapati, kuchideredza pesvedzero yeboka rezviwaro kupfurikidza nemipiro:

• Germany inopa mapoka mari yavose yakavakirwa pagoverano yokuvhota
• Canada inogovera chikwereti chemitero nokuda kwemipiro yezvamatongerwe enyika
• UK ine ganhuriro dzorumano dzokushandisa uye nhambo pfupi dzenhimbe

Kudzinga Mitemo [: Dzimwe nyika dzinoisa ganhuriro dzakasimba zvikuru:

• EU inoda kunyoresa nokuziviswa
• Canada ine ganhuriro dzakasimba zvikuru dzinobatanidza ganhuriro dzapasuo
• UK inoganhurira nhimbe yechitatu inoshandiswa kupfuura U.S.

Gadziriro Dzapaparamende

Zvivako zvakasiyana - siyana zvehurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu zveParamende zvinotapura zvirongwa zvechifariro zveboka:

Party Discip[[FLT: 1]: Chirango chebato chakasimba mugadziriro dzeparamende chinoreva kukumbira kutungamirirwa kwebato nedare panzvimbo pevaiti vemitemo vamwe navamwe.

Feeder Access [[FLT: 1]: Gadziriro dzapurezidhendi dzine kuparadzana kwamasimba, hurumende, uye mabhikameral compoonal commissions dzinopa mikana yakawanda yokuwana nokuda kwepesvedzero yeboka.

Hurumende dzeChokacha[[FLT: 1]: Masangano akawanda angapa mapoka anoshandisa fariro apo vakwanyina vanowirirana vanotaura.

Gakava Rokuparadzana reAmerica

United States inomirira izvi:

• [ Mapati eWeaker: Kuranga kwebato kushoma kunopa mapoka anoshandisa chisarudzo zvikuru kupfuura vaiti vemitemo vamwe navamwe
• Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzokusvika [: Federalism, kuparadzana kwamasimba, uye mapoka akafanira zvinoumba nzvimbo dzakawanda dzokuva nepesvedzero
• Ndyiko dzakakwirira zvikuru [: Ndyiko dzenhimbe nendyiko dzinokuchidzira dzinopfuura zvikuru dzimwe hurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu
• [ tsika yokuchinja : Mapoka eAmerica anoshandisa matare zvine utsinye zvikuru kupfuura vamwe vanhuwo zvavo
• First Amendment[[FLT: 1]: Kudzivirira kwakasununguka kunoganhurira ganhuriro yakasimba yokupesvedzera nokunhimbe kupedza kupfuura mune dzimwe hurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu

Kana uyu muenzaniso weAmerica uchibereka miuyo iri nani kana kuti yakaipisisa unoramba uchikurukurwa zvikuru.

Nguva Yemberi Yamapoka Anofarira Chaiwo: Miitiro Inokura Nedenho

Zvimiro zvakasiana - siana zviri kushandura zvamatongerwe enyika zveboka muAmerica:

Kuwedzera Kwekuchinja Mavara

Mapoka efariro ose ari maviri anoratidzira ndokukurumidzisa kukamukana kwezvamatongerwe enyika:

Kusarudza kwamabasa: Mapoka aibatanidza mitezo mumativi ose zvino anowirirana zvakajeka namapati. Mapoka ebhizimisi anotsamira paRepublican; mubatanidzwa wavashandi unodzosa zvikuru Democrats.

[[FT:0] Zvinetso Zvikuru[[FLT: 1]: Mapoka anofarira anoshandisa tyisidziro huru kuranga kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira, achisundidzira mapati kukunyanyisa.

Hapana chinhu chezvamatongerwe enyika[[FLT: 1]: Kubvumirana kunova kwakaoma zvikuru apo mapoka anorangarira vashori savavengi panzvimbo pevavengi mukusabvumirana mukutenda kwakanaka.

Mhete dzechisipiti: Kunangidzira pamagetsi kunoreva bedzi vatsigiri vanonzwa mashoko anosimbisa mirangariro yavo, nzvimbo dzakaoma.

Ruzivo Rukuru Nokugadziridza

Makambani ezvoruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu anotarisana nokuongororwa kuri kuramba kuchiitwa, achirwa hondo huru dzinokurudzira:

[[FT:0] Trust: Ko michina mikuru yezvoruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu inofanira kuputswa kana kuti kutarisana nokuchengetwa kworumano kunorwisana nouvimbiko here?

Privtacy: Imashokoi anogona kuunganidzwa namakambani, uye anofanira kuidzivirira sei?

Centraltion: Hurumende inogona kudzora zvirongwa zvesociation zvinobvumira kana kuti zvinorambidza here?

[[FOL:0] Kuisa panzvimbo ya22: Ko zvikuva zvinofanira kuchengeta dziviriro mungozi yezviri mukati mayo here?

Iyi kurukurirano inoita kuti makambani ezvoruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu arwisane navarevereri vezvinhu zvakavanzika, mapoka anochengeta mwero anotaura fungidziro, mapoka anofambira mberi anoitira hanya pamusoro pemashoko asiri echokwadi, uye vachinji vanorwisana nokuvimbika kumativi ose.

Mari Isina Tariro Nokuona Mitauro

Kumuka kwemari inerima" (8) yokushandisa kwezvamatongerwe enyika kubva kumapoka asingazivisi vapi neyipi (8) kwawedzera nokukurumidza:

501 (c) (4) Masangano: Masangano asingabetseri "garikano yenzanga" anogona kupinda mune zvamatongerwe enyika pasina vapi vanofumura, ipapo kupa kuSuper PACs.

SAILPUS: zvivako zvinovanza manyuko emari echokwadi.

[[FT:0] Kusazivikanwa : Vanhu vapfumi vanofamba nemari mumasangano akawanda achidzikamisa basa ravo.

Kuedza kushandura[: Campaign Legin Center[ namapoka akafanana anosunda nokuda kwokuzivisa kwakasimba zvikuru, asi mhinganidzo dzapamutemo nedzezvamatongerwe enyika dzinosara.

Mamiriro Okunze Nezvizvarwa Zvenguva Yemberi

Kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kunopa zvinetso zvakasiyana - siyana mune zvematongerwo enyika zveboka:

Chinetso cheTerm, Short-Term Politics: Kutapura kwemamiriro okunze kunoitika kwamakumi amakore, asi nhambo dzasarudzo ndimakore maviri kusvikira kumana.

Chishoro Chakakomba, Betsero dzinoshambadzwa: Maindasitiri emafuta ane sundo dzakajeka dzokushora chiito chomugariro wokunze; zvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi izvo zvingasagona kuvhota nhasi.

Chiratidzo cheUchiduku [[FLT: 1]: Masangano avadzidzi akafanana neSunrise Movement ari kuronga vaAmerica vaduku vachatakura miuyo yemamiriro okunze.

[[FLT: 0] Kuisa mari mumigodhi[[FLT: 1]: Kuchengetedzwa kwemhoteredzo, nzanga, uye kudzorwa kunoparira zvishuvo zvitsva zvemari, zvingangochinja fariro dzebhizimisi.

Zvinetso Zvokubudisa Popuri

Zvose zviri zviviri masangano evolupotiki okuruboshwe norudyi anodenha fariro yeboka regamuchidzanwa rezvamatongerwe enyika:

Anti-Estalishment Sentiment: Populists dzinodenha mapoka ezvisakiso (zvikurukuru Wall Street, "Big Pharma," zvichingodaro) savakakwirira vane uori.

DRODUCTY[[FLT:]: Vamwe vabati vanoda kuvhota uye kuvhota zvakananga pamusoro pemiitiro yavamiriri yavanoona seyakabatwa nefariro.

Sacial Media End- End [[FLT: 1]]: Vezvamatongerwe enyika vanoramba vachidzivisa zvikuru fariro yeboka ramasuo, vachifadza zvakananga kuvatsigiri paIndaneti.

Kupedzisa: Zvinoitwa Nemapoka Ane Chido Chaizvo Mumatongerwe Enyika Edu

nzvimbo yamapoka efariro chaiyo muzvamatongerwe enyika zveU.S. iri zvose zviri zviviri inokosha neinotambudza, inopesana pakati pehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yeruzhinji yeAmerica.

Mapoka efariro anokosha nemhaka yokuti hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu inoda kutora rutivi kwakarongwa kupfuura kuvhota. Anoparadzira fariro musimba reboka, anogovera unyanzvi hunovandudza kuita muitiro, anomirira kumirira kuti kumirira nzvimbo inopotsa, uye anogonesa vagari vomunyika kuronda mipimo yavo kupfurikidza nechiito chezvamatongerwe enyika. Utongi hwusina masangano echisarudzo aizova hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu vasina maruramiro avanhu bedzi uko vanhu vanotarisana nehurumende ine simba namasangano .Nyamuro ingapa simba vagariwo zvavo vakanyarara.

Bva mapoka efariro anonetsa nemhaka yokuti anobetsera nenzira yakarongwa kurongwa pamusoro pezvisakarongwa, vapfumi pamusoro pavarombo, uye fariro dzakanangidzirwa pakuparadzira zvinhu zvavose. Apo makambani emishonga anopedzesa kugamuchirwa kwe $100 000 000 000 apo varwere vanoparapatika nendyiko yemirimo havasati vachiwana sangano rakaenzana, kuva nohuenzana hwehurumende inotambura. Apo masuo anovhaira anoparira ukama hwakanaka pakati pavadzori namabasa anodzorwa, fariro yavose inorasikirwa. Apo mipiro inoparira nzwisiso yezvokwadiro (sociations) yezvouori, kutenda muhurumende.

Chinyorwa chenhau chinoratidza zvose zviri zviviri kukunda kwefariro nemhindu. Chiwirikiti cheVavil Rights Movement chakatsamira pamitemo yakarongeka yokukurira urudzi hwakadzika midzi. Mapoka emhoteredzo anoshandisa rondedzero yezvokudzivirira zvinhu zvomusikirwo zvisingatsiviki. Masangano ebasa akawana dziviriro dzakaparira boka rapakati reAmerica. Bva kupesvedzera kwamasangano ebhizimisi kwakanetesawo ganhuriro dzemari pamberi penjodzi dzemari, mapoka ebhizimisi akadzivisa zviito zvoutano hwavose, uye fariro dzapfuma dzakaumba muitiro wemitero kuti dzibetserwe pakubetsera kwavo vanhu vose.

Zvinetso zvazvino uno zvinowedzera kusawirirana uku. Maturusi emagetsi anoita kuti zvigadzirwa zvitsva zvemapuranga euswa zvikwanise kugadziridza apowo zvinochinja kupfurikidza nokutapurwa kwemicropu nemashoko. Makambani makuru ezvoruzivo rwemichina anoshandisa simba risingaenzaniswi achitarisana netyisidziro dzebupartisan. Mari yerima inovanza zvinhu zvinopesvedzera kubudisa zvinhu sezvinongoitawo zvinoda kujeka. Kuchinja kwemagetsi kunoita kuti kubvumirane nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kunzwisisa kuve kwakaoma kunoda kuti zviitwe.

Chigadzikiso hachisati chiri kubvisa mapoka ezviwanira hanya (*) uko kungaparadza rusununguko rwesonganiro inoita kuti democracy ibvire. Uyewo hakusi kutenda kusinganzwisisiki uko kunokwikwidzanisa fariro kunoparira muitiro wakanaka. Panzvimbo pezvo, tinoda:

[[[FT:0] Tsvakaration: Kuziva kupesvedzera kwaani nokuda kwei, ndiani anotsigira mari, uye anobetserwa nemitemo inobetsera vagari vemo kuisa munhu ari wose kuzvidavirira.

Chiratidzo chapamutemo: Kupa simba, mapoka asina manyuko akakwana (kupfurikidza nemari yavose, midziyo yakaderera yokuronga, uye tsigiro yapamutemo (kutsigira mativi ose).

Holy Famiship[[FLT: 1]: Apo vagari vemo vanopa ngwariro, vanotora rutivi, uye vhoti zvakavakirwa panhau dzinopfuura imwe, pesvedzero yeboka rezvisarudzo ine mwero. Kushatiswa kunogonesa kubata.

Indaneti Design[[FT: 1]: Mitemo yemari. Mitemo yemubato, mirau inopesvedzera, zvinodikanwa zvetsika, uye zvivako zvehurumende zvose zvinoumba mashandire anoita mapoka echimuko. Mitemo iri nani inogona kupesvedzera nenzira inobudirira zvikuru.

Tsigiro dzinoshanda nedemocratic[[FLT: 1]]: Pakupedzisira, mapoka ezvisarudzo anoratidzira mipimo yedu. Kana tichikoshesa mhindu yenhambo pfupi yapamberi pezvizvarwa, betsero dzapachivande pamusoro pezvinhu zvavose, kana kuti fambiro mberi yedzinza redu pamusoro pegarikano imwe, mapoka ezvisakiso achapa izvozvo chaizvoizvo. Mavara edemocratic anoumba miuyo yedemocratic.

Nokuda kwavagari vemo vanofamba muiyi nzvimbo, kunzwisisa fashoni chaiyo [ inoreva kuziva zvose zviri zviviri basa ravo rapamutemo namano avo okushatisa. Kunoreva kutsigira kuchiparira kuti udavire kupfurikidza nokurongeka kwourongwa kwenzvimbo nepo kuchiraira kuti mapoka ose (kubatanidza ayo unotsigira (panongedzero yakajeka) napademocracy. Kunoreva kuva nechokuita nechaizvoiwo chezvamatongerwe enyika zvezvizhinji panzvimbo pokuzvinyimira mukusadaidzira kana kuti kukarira mhinduro dzakapfava.

Mapoka ezvimbadzo chaiwo haasati achitongoenda kupi nokupi. Mubvunzo ndewokuti vachava vabatiri vehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu kana kuti vatenzi vayo. Mhinduro inotsamira zvishoma pamapoka amene kupfuura pavagari vomunyika vaanoti vanomirira. Vazivikanwa, vanhu vanonzwisisa kuti mapoka anobetsera sei, anoda kuzvidavirira, uye vanotora rutivi nenzira yokushingaira vanogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti fariro dzinobatira mipimo yedemokrati. Voruzhinji vasingabvumirani kuti pesvedzero itendere mapoka kuronda purogiramu nheteshi duku pakurasikirwa navanhu vose.

Democracy inoda kurongeka. Mapoka efariro anoigovera. Basa redu riri kuva nechokwadi chokuti sangano rinobatira vazhinji, kwete bedzi vashomanene (8) kuti fariro chaidzo hadzisati dziri fariro bedzi dzinova nhau. Kunzwisisa basa ravo inhano yokutanga kuvaita kuti vashande nokuda kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu panzvimbo pokuidzivisa.