Kutanga: Chivako Chokururamisira

Basa rematare mugadziriro yapamutemo rinokosha kuutariri hweruramisiro. Matare anobatira senzvimbo apo kakavadzano dzinopedzwa, mitemo inoturikirwa, uye ruramisiro inogoverwa. Kunzwisisa rwendo rwenhau kubva pakuisa dare kukutonga kunokosha nokuda kwavose vari vaviri vadzidzi navadzidzisi vari murutivi rwomutemo. Iyi nyaya inonzvera rutivi rumwe norumwe rwerwendo irworwo rwakadzama, kusimbisa matare emabasa anodenha anoita panhano iri yose. Kunyange uri mudzidzi womutemo, muparalega, kana kuti mugari anotsvaka kunzwisisa kuti tsika dzinoshanda sei, kunzwisisa kuyerera kweproccedrug kuvambira kuchisarudzo chokupedzisira kunokosha ku kunzwisisa kuti matare anochengeta sei nhevedzano uye anotsigira kuteverwa kwomutemo.

Kunzwisisa Muitiro Wedare

Gadziriro yedare inogona kuva yakaoma, nemwero yakasiana - siana namarudzi ematare. dare rimwe nerimwe rine udzori hwaro nemabasa akati. Kunzwisiswa kwakajeka kweiri boka ravafundisi inhano yokutanga mukunzwisisa muitiro wapamutemo.

Kupomerwa: Hwaro Hwechiremera cheDare

Jurisdition inonongedzera kuchiremera chedare chokunzwa ndokusarudza nhau. Ine zvikamu zvikuru zviviri: chiremera chenhau chavanhu (rudzi rwedare rinogona kunzwa) uye simba remunhu oga (simba redare pabato rinobatanidzwa). Somuenzaniso, dare reruwa rinogona kunzwa mhaka dzinobatanidza mutemo wehurumende kana kuti mhatsa, nepo dare rinotonga rehurumende risingadzorwi rinobata nhau dzinomuka pasi pomutemo wehurumende. Kunzwisisa chiremera chinotsoropodza nemhaka yokuti kuisa mhaka mudare risina kururama kunogona kutungamirira kukudzingwa.

Zviremera Zvematare

  • Dare reProto: Iyi ndiwo mwero wokutanga wematare umo mhaka dzinotangwa nokunzwiwa. Mugadziriro yehurumende, aya ndiwo Dare roruwa reU.Mugadziriro dzehurumende, anganzi Matare makuru, Matare Edunhu, kana kuti matare eruwa. Dare redare rinotonga rinoita nyaya dzechokwadi, rinowana ufakazi, uye rinoshandisa mutemo kumaidi anopiwa.
  • Dare reAppleta: Dare rinohwirudzura zvisarudzo zvakaitwa nematare okutonga kuti kusimbise kuti mutemo wakashandiswa zvakarurama uye kuti zvikanganiso zvetsika hazvina kutapura mugumisiro wacho. matare eApabheti haasati achirangarira maidi; anohwirudzura manyoro nenharo dzapamutemo. Mugadziriro yomubatanidzwa, aya ndiwo maDare eU.S. okukwidza, akarongwa kuva matunhu.
  • Dare repamusorosoro: Dare rapamusoro zvikurusa muhurumende, iro rine chirevo chokupedzisira panhau dzapamutemo. Dare Gurusa reU. rinogara papfundo retsika yehurumende, nepo hurumende imwe neimwe ine dare rayo rapamusoro (dzimwe nguva rinonzi Dare reZvikwidzo). Aya matare ane rondedzero dzechisarudzo, kureva kuti imhaka ipi yokuteerera.

Matare Anokosha

Kupfuura vakuru vakuru vehurumende, matare akawanda ane matare chaiwo anosimbisa marudzi akati enhau.Mienzaniso inobatanidza matare okubhuroka, matare emitero, matare emhuri, matare evechiduku, uye matare edzimhosva. aya ane vatongi vane unyanzvi nemiitiro inodzorwa kuti vabate nhau dzakasiyana - siyana dzinomuka munharaunda dzawo dzomutemo.

Kufamba Kwemhara

Kuisa mhaka inhano yokutanga mumuitiro wepamutemo. Kunonyandura chiremera chedare uye nenzira yapamutemo kuvamba dare. Muitiro unobatanidza kuendesa magwaro apamutemo kudare rakafanira nokuzivisa boka rinopikisa. matare azvino uno anowanzoshandisa gadziriro dzemagetsi kuendesa nhano iyi.

Mapepa Anokosha Munyaya

  • Complifit kana kuti Chikumbiro: Mutemi wedare anonyora nyunyuto inoonesa mhaka mukwiridzirwo. Iyi chinyorwa chinofanira kuva nokutaura kwakajeka kwezvirevo zvapamutemo, maidi anotsigira kutaura ikoko, uye rusununguko rwakatsvakwa (zvakadai sezvirango zvemari kana kuti murairo). Mitemo yeFrevel inoda "chidimbu nechitatiso chakajeka" kuratidzira maruramiro ebetsero.
  • SSMM: A kombiso dzinobudiswa nedare ndokubatira pamukwirirwi, kudzizivisa nezvechiito chapamutemo uye nguva yokupindura (inowanzova mazuva 21 kusvikira ku 30). Basa regadziriro rinofanira kuwirirana nemirairo yorumano kuva nechokwadi chomuitiro wakafanira.
  • Kubhadharwa: Fees dzinofanira kubhadharwa kutanga nhau yacho, iyo inogona kusiana novvhozhokero nerudzi rwechinhu. Somuenzaniso, kuisa mhaka yehurumende yehurumende panguva ino ino inoparira $42 (Z $42) mumitengo yemari. Mapati asingadiwi angakumbira nzvimbo yefoma kana kuti kuderedza mari.

Kufambisa uye Kutarisira Mhaka

Matare mazhinjisa zvino anoda kurongedza masangano emagetsi akadai sePACIR (Public Access to Court Electronic Records) nokuda kwematare ehurumende kana kuti zvimwe zvakafanana. Kubvisa mapepa kunoderedza, kunokurumidzisa kuisa zvinyorwa pachiteshi, uye kunobvumirawo vanhu kunyora magwaro ari kure. Dare rinoisa nhamba yenhau nomutongi (kana mutongi wehurumende) pashure pokuisa, uko kunotanga vatarisiri vanoshingaira vedare venhau.

Zvinoitwa Pamberi Pezvikuru

Kana mhosva yangoitwa chete uye mupomeri apindura (kupfurikidza nemhinduro kana kuti kufamba), mhaka yacho inonanga kunhambo isati yatongwa. Iyi nzvimbo inowanzova rutivi runokosha zvikurusa rwekupa uchapupu nenhau dzapamutemo dzichapiwa pakutongwa.

Kuwana: Kuwana Chokwadi

Kuwana muitiro wakarongwa uyo vose vari vaviri vanounganidza nawo ufakazi namashoko kubva kune mumwe nomumwe uye kumativi matatu. Nharidzano ndeyokubvisa zvisingakarirwi ndokusimudzira nzvimbo dzinogarwa zvakanaka. Maturusi okuwana anokosha anobatanidza:

  • [[FORT:0] Mibvunzo yakanyorwa iyo mumwe anotumira kune mumwe, iyo inofanira kupindurwa pasi pokupika.
  • [[[FOLT:0] Miganhu:[ Chipupuriro chapamuromo chinoitwa mumhiko kunze kwedare, nomukana wokunzvera. Zvibvumikiso zvinochengeta chipupuriro uye zvinozivisa maidi.
  • Kukumbira Kubudiswa Kwamapepa: Kuda magwaro anokosha, maemail, kana kuti mashoko akachengetwa pakombiyuta.
  • Kukumbira nokuda kwokubvumira: Tsime idzo mumwe anokumbira mumwe kubvuma kana kuti kuramba, achiganhurira nhau dzokutongwa.

Mafambiro: Kubvisa Mhaka Isati Yatongwa

Mitambo ingaronga kumhanya kuti ipedze nhau dzakananga pamberi pokutongwa. Kufamba kunowanzoitwa pamberi pekutongwa kunobatanidza:

  • [[FLT: 0] Kudzinga:[[FT:1] Ague kuti kunyange kana maidi ose munyunyuto ari echokwadi, mupurisa haana kutaura kwapamutemo (mh., kushaikwa kwechiremera, kundikano yokutaura kutaura).
  • [[FT:0]Motion for Fung Justitu:[[FT:1] inokumbira dare kugadzikisa mhaka yacho pasina rutongeso nemhaka yokuti hakuna gakava rechokwadi pamusoro peidi ripi neripi rezvinhu. Kana rabvumirwa, dare rinopinda muchisarudzo chakarurama chebato rinofamba.
  • Motion to Compel Discovery: yakafurwa apo pats akundikana kubudisa mhinduro dzekuwana, kukumbira dare kuraira kuzviisa pasi.

Kugadzirisa Kukurukurirana Nemakakatanwa Anotsiva

Nyaya dzakawanda dzinopedzwa dare risati ratongwa kupfurikidza nokutaurirana. Dare rinokurudzira kugadzikiswa kwokuchengeta zviwanikwa zvokutonga. Dzimwe hurumende dzinoda kuti vanhu vapinde musangano unoitirwa mugariro kana kuti kuyananiswa. Mune chokuita nenhau, chikamu chechitatu chisingatori rutivi chinobetsera kuita kuti chibvumirano chokuzvidira chive nyore. Kana kugamuchidzwa kwacho kukundikana, nhau yacho inopfuurira kutongwa. Matare angarayirawo kurangarira kwokukurumidza kana kuti dare kuti risarunge raita dare kuti ripedze muitiro wacho.

Kutongwa Kwaiitwa

Kana nyaya yacho isingagadziriswi kana kuti isingasarudzwi, inoenda kunotongwa.

Kusarudza Chiratidzo cheJury (Voir Dire)

Muzvinoitika umo kutonga kwedare rinobetsera vatongi kuidzwa, nhano yokutanga ndeyokusarudza vatongi. Muitiro unonzi voir whiad unobatanidza kupanikira vatongi vanobvira kuwana tsvete kana kuti rwisano.Attorney (kana kuti mutongi mumatare akati) anobvunza mibvunzo, uye rutivi rumwe norumwe runogona kudenha vatongi nokuda kwechisakiso (mr., fungidziro) kana kuti kushandisa denho dzokupa maruramiro pasina chikonzero, chero bedzi kurova kwacho kusiri kwokusapa mhaka.

Kutaura Kwokuzarura

Vaparidzi vose vari vaviri vanopa nhau yavo kudare kana kuti vatongi. Mutongi anotanga kutsanangura icho ufakazi hucharatidza. Kuzvidzivirira kungapa kutaura kwokuzarura nokukurumidza pashure kana kuti kuichengeta kutozosvikira pashure penhau yemutongi. Kutaura kwokuzarura hakusi ufakazi asi mepu yeizvo boka rinorangarira kubvumikisa.

Kuratidzwa Ufakazi

Uyu ndiwo musoro wenyaya. Mutongi anopa nhau yake pakutanga, anodana zvapupu nokusuma zviratidziro. Mukwirirwi ane maruramiro okuyambuka-examine. Pashure pokunge mupomeri agara, mukwiridzi angapa ufakazi hwake amene nezvapupu. Muparidzi ipapo ane mukana wokupazve ufakazi hwomupomerwi. Mitemo youfakazi inodzora chinogona kubvumwa; somuenzaniso, rusenzi runowanzova runonzwika kana kusati kwashanda.

  • [ Chipupuriro cheZvapupu:[ zvapupu zvezvokwadi zvinopupurira pamusoro pezvazvakaona, zvakanzwa, kana kuti zvakaita. zvapupu zvamakuru zvinopa mifungo yakavakirwa pazivo chaiyo.
  • Ufakazi Hwokuyera: Mapepa, mapikicha, mavhidhiyo, uye zvinhu zvinoiswa chiratidzo sezviratidziro uye zvinosumwa kupfurikidza nechipupuriro.
  • [[FOLT:0] Aya mashoko:[ Mapati angabvumirana kumaidi akati kuti kuchengeta nguva.

Kutaura Kunopfiga

Mupurisa mumwe nomumwe anopeta nyaya yawo uye anopa uchapupu hunokosha.

Rutongeso Nenhamburiko Dzapashure

Pashure pokunge nyaya yacho yatongwa, dare richatonga.

Kutonga uye Kutonga

  • [[FLT: 0] Jury Verct: Mukutonga kwedare rinobetsera vatongi, vatongi vanosarudza ndokusvika mutongo. Vatongi vanofanira kutevera mirayiridzo yomutongi pamutemo. Chisarudzo chingava cheruzhinji (kukosha uye kuvadziko) kana kuti chaiko (Kupindura kumibvunzo chaiyo).
  • Dare reBench: Munhau dzisina vatongi, mutongi anosarudza zvose zviri zviviri maidi nomutemo. Mutongi anotaura zviwanwa zveidi nemhedziso dzomutemo, izvo zvinoumba hwaro hwerutongeso.
  • Kudzorwa kworutongeso: Mabharani wedare anopinda mutongo pachiteshi chengarava. Ikoku kunomutsa miganhu yenguva nokuda kwekufamba kwapashure pedare uye kukwirira.

Kufamba Nokufamba Nepashure Pejeti

Pashure porutongeso, mapati anganyora mabonde kuti apikise muuyo pamberi pekukwirira. Kufamba kunowanzoitika pashure pedare kunobatanidza:

  • [ Commentaution for Tongeros seNhau yoMutemo (JMOL):[[[FL:1]] Aguide kuti ufakazi hahuna kukwana kutsigira chisarudzo. Kushambadzwa pashure pomuedzo kana kwamboitwa mukati mokutonga.
  • [ Commentaution for New Triage: Aregion anobvumirana nezvikanganiso zvetsika, kusazvibata, kana kuti mutongo unopesana noufakazi.
  • [ Commentaution to Alter kana kuti Amenid Totongest: inokumbira dare kuchinja rutongeso, kazhinji kazhinji kururamisa zvikanganiso zvapamutemo kana kuti gadziridzo.

Kana izvi zvikarambwa, nyaya yacho inoda kukwidzwa.

Kufadza Kunoita

Kana mumwe munhu asingagutsikani nechisarudzo chacho, vangakwirira kudare repamusoro. Kukwirira kwacho hakusi kutongwa kwechipiri asi kuhwirudzura maitiro edare rinotonga uye mhedziso dzapamutemo.

Kushandiswa Kwokukwirira

  • Notice of Appeal: Mubato unofadza unonyora chiziviso kuti utange kukwirira mukati menhambo yorumano (sezvo mazuva 30 mudare rehurumende).
  • Dare rokutonga rinopfuudza chinyorwa chapamutemo, kubatanidza zvikumbiro, marekodhi, uye zviratidziro, kudare redare.
  • Brief: Mativi ose ari maviri anoisa zvibvumikiso zvakanyorwa zvinorondedzera nzvimbo dzawo. Pfupiso yedare rinotonga inotsanangura chikonzero nei dare rakatadza; mashoko mapfupi edare aisimbisa chikonzero nei chisarudzo chacho chinofanira kusimbiswa.

Nharo Dzakajeka

Vatongi vanowanzobvunza mibvunzo kuti vajekese nyaya dzepamutemo. Kazhinji nyaya dzemashoko dzinopfupikiswa (maminitsi 15 kusvika 30 parutivi) uye dzinonyanya kukurukurwa nezvepfungwa dzinokosha.

Mipimo Yokuhwirudzura

Dare rekuongorora rinoshandisa mipimo yakasiana zvichitsamira panhau. Mibvunzo yomutemo inohwirudzurwa [ devo (itsva). Kuwana idi kunohwirudzurwa nokuda kwe chikanganiso chakajeka [[. Zvisarudzo zvouchenjeri zvinodzokororwa nokuda kwe [[FLT:]]

Zvinogona Kuitika

  • [[FLT: 0] Afting: Dare redare rinobvumirana nedare rinotonga uye rinotsigira kutonga.
  • Tsvaka: Dare rinowana chikanganiso ndokuputsa rutongeso, kazhinji kazhinji richidzorera mhaka nokuda kwokumwe kutongwa.
  • Remand: inodzorera nhau yacho kudare rinotonga nokuda kwokutongwa kutsva kana kuti zvimwe zvakawanikwa zvinowirirana nemurangariro.
  • [ Kuchinja rutivi rworutongeso (mutoo., kunoderedza kuvadziko).

Muitiro wokukwirira unogona kupfuurira kupfurikidza nematare apakati uye pakupedzisira kudare rapamusoro zvikurusa (dare rapamusoro zvikurusa kana kuti Dare Rapamusorosoro reUnited States), kunyange zvazvo matare iwayo kazhinji kazhinji ane chisarudzo chokuramba kuhwirudzurwa.

Mugumisiro: Basa Risingarambiki Rematare

Basa rematare mugadziriro yapamutemo rakakomba nokuda kwokuchengeta nhevedzano neruramisiro munzanga. Kuvambira pakuronga kwokutanga mhaka kusvikira kurutongeso rwokupedzisira(//3) kupfurikidza nomuitiro wokukumbira kunorongedzerwa kutsigira mutemo. Matare anopa nzvimbo yokusatora rutivi apo mapoka anogona kupa nharo, ivai netsarano dzakavakirwa pamutemo naufakazi. Kunzwisisa rwendo urwu kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anodzidza kana kuti anoshanda mukati megadziriro yapamutemo. Nokuda kwokuravazve, [[FLT: 0] U. Dare repanyundo rinopa rondedzero dzakadzadzadza mativi ose edare namaruramiro, uye matare edzi. [FLT:]