Fair Honging Act inomira semumwe wemitemo yavagari vemo inoparira nhevedzano hurusa muUnited States, ichidzosa nzira yenyika yokuita nayo nzanga nokubudirira. Yakaitwa muna 1968 mukati menhambo yenyongano huru yenzanga, Chiratidzo chakarongedzerwa kubvisa rusaruro mudzimba uye kusimudzira nzanga dzakabatana, nzanga dzakabatana. Basa radzo mukuvandudza mitemo yedzimba dzavanhu nemhindu yenzanga hakugoni kudzikamiswa, sezvachakagovera gadziriro yapamutemo yokudenha mirangariro yetsika dzakapesana nenzvimbo dzakabviswa mumabanza edzimba nefambiro mberi. Nyaya inonzvera miganhuro yayo yenhau, mipimo yayo, miuyo yayo mikuru pamusoro pezvisarudzo yavanhu, zvinetso zvinopfuurira kutarisana, uye kupfuurira kuzadzika chipikirwa chayo chomunguva yemberi.

Mamiriro Ezvinhu Enhau Omuitiro Wedzimba Dzakanaka

Mavambo eFair Honging Act ari mumitoo yakadzika mirefu yeparation yedzinza nezvemari yakarondedzera maguta eAmerica pakati pezana ramakore rechi20. Pamberi pomurayiro, miitiro yokupa mhosva yakadai sokudzosa, sungano dzinoganhurira, uye kudzora kwedzinza zvakanga zvisati zvichingova zvinozivikanwa bedzi asi zvaiwanzobvumirwa nemitemo. Redlining, yaishandiswa neFederal House Administration uye vakweretesi vapa vehurumende vakavanzika, yainyima mari yechikwereti kunharaunda dzine vanhu vashomanene, ichiziya nenzara nenzira inobudirira nzanga idzodzo dzemitengo. Zvibvumirano zvapagaro zvakabatanidzwa nezvibvumirano zvemari, zvakarambidza zvakajeka kutengeswa kana kuti kurerutsirwe misha vanhu vamarudzi akati, zvikurukuru vagari veAfrica. Iyi miitiro yakatsigirwa nematare omunzvimbomo omunzvimbomo kworuwa rwamarudzi ose.

Boka Rekodzero Dzevagari Vemo Nechirongwa Chomutemo Wehurumende

Kurwisa kwedzimba dzakanaka kwakawana simba pamwe chete nesangano rakawanda rekodzero dzavagari vemo. Dr Martin Luther King Jr. navamwe vatungamiriri vakaita dzimba dzakarurama chikumbiro chikuru, chakaguma mu 1966 Chicago Freedom Movement, iyo yakafumura kudzivisa kwamasimba masimba kwokuzarura imba. Kuurawa kwaDr. muna April 1968 kwakaita mamiriro ezvamatongerwe enyika ayo akanyandura Chivil Howation Act kuti ipfuure Chivil Rights Act sechikamu cheChinegame B. Johnson akasaina mutemo pa April 11, 1968, mazuva manomwe chete pashure porufu rwaMambo, achiratidzira nguva yakachengeridzwa muhondo yokuenzana.

Kugadziridzwa Nokuwedzera

Pakutanga, Mutambo wacho waibatanidza rudzi bedzi, ruvara, rudzidziso, uye mavambo orudzi. Vatano yakawedzerwa muna 1974. Muna 1988, Fair House Amendments Act yakasimbisa zvikuru kuchengetwa kweboka rinoremadzwa uye nzvimbo sezvo kuvamba gadziriro yokutarisira kupfurikidza neBato reU.S. reProvince of House and Urban Development (HUD). Iyi mhindumupindu yakaratidzira kuzivikanwa kunowedzera kwokuti rusaruro rwedzimba runotapura mapoka akawanda uye inoda utarisiri hwakasimba.

Gadziriro Huru Dzomuitiro

Bhuku rinonzi Fair Honging Act rine zvinhu zvakawanda zvakagadzirirwa kubvisa rusaruro uye kuita kuti pave nokuwana dzimba dzakaenzana.

Makirasi Anodzivirirwa uye Miitiro Yakapinzwa

Chiratidzo ichi chinoita kuti zvisatendereke kusarura dzimba dzinotengeswa, kubhadharwa, kana kuti mari inotsigirwa nerudzi, ruvara, zvitendero, zvepabonde (kusanganisira kuzivikanwa kwevanhukadzi kana kuti mafungiro ebonde), nyika yakabva, nzvimbo yokuva murudzi, kana kuti urema. Miitiro inorambidzwa inosanganisira kuramba kurenda kana kuti kutengesa, kuronga zvinhu zvakasiyana, kugovera mabasa kana kuti nzvimbo dzakasiyana - siyana, kuramba kuti imba ivepo, uye kutengesa dhisikirwo yemari. Mutezo wacho unofukidzawo chikwereti, unodzivirira vakweretesi kuti vasabhadharirwe pachikwereti, mashoko, kana kuti miitiro. Somuenzaniso, muridzi wemba haagoni kuramba kubhangidza mhuri nevana, kana kuti bhangi haagoni kubhadhara mubereko mukuru wevari nemhaka yenharo yavo.

Kutenga Zvakanaka uye Kuwana Mukana Wakaenzana

Nepo Fair Honging Act inonangana zvakananga norveasure muchikwereti chedzimba, inosimbiswa ne Curvement Act [FLT] Centrement (ECOA]) , inodzivisa rusaruro rwakavakirwa padzinza, ruvara, rudzidziso, mavambo evatano, mugariro weroorano, zera, kana kuti kubviswa kwebetsero yavose. Pamwe chete iyi mitemo yave ichishandiswa mumiitiro inodenha kukweretesa nzanga duku zvikuru, zvikurukuru mukati menjodzi yemari yakavakirwa padzinza rapashure we 2000. Njodziro yemari yakazivisa kuti shambidzo yevatano yevatano yokukwereta isina bedzi kukuvadza vakwereti vamwe vanhu asi vakashayisa mishawo yose, ichibatanidza Mitengo yemari yetsika yemari.

Kufambira Mberi Kwemagariro Evanhu uye Kuwedzera Kusingatauriki

Mutemo unobvumirawo zvirongwa zvakadai se Communy Development Brock Grant (CDBG) purogiramu, iyo inogovera mari kuhurumende dzomunharaunda nokuda kwegadziriro dzokubudirira kwenzanga. Iyi mvumo inofanira kushandiswa munzira idzo dzimene dzinowedzera dzimba dzakaisvonaka, kureva kuti vagamuchiri vanodikanirwa kunzvera mitoo yechengeteko, uye kutora nhano dzakasimba kuderedza . Iyi gadziriro yave chishandiso chinokosha chokusimudzira kukura mumindarirano inobatira, kunyange zvazvo kugadzirwa kwayo kwakasiana zvikuru mativi makuru.

Kubatsira Kunoita Kururamisira

Civic equity() pfungwa yokuti vagari vose vane mikana yakaenzana yokutora rutivi uye kubetserwa noupenyu hwenzanga() yakaumbwa zvikuru neFair House Act. Kupfurikidza nokuputsa mhinganidzo dzokugara, Act yakarerutsira kubatana kukuru kwenzanga, kufambidzana kwemari, uye kubatanidzwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kuderedza Rusarurano Neganhuriro Dzarwo

Mutambo wakabatsira kuderedza kuganhurirwa kwematunhu. Kubvira muna 1970, nhamba yemisha miduku yakaderera, uye goverano yedzimba dzomumusha dzisati dziri chenje yakura. Zvisinei, kusarura kunoramba kwakakwirira zvikuru munharaunda zhinji, zvikurukuru muNorthernthem ne Midwest. Kunzvera kubva ku [[FLT:] Urban Institute [ kunoratidza kuti nepo rusaruro rwakati rwaderera, zvimiro zvamanomano zvekufambisa, kukwereta kusina kuenzana, uye kudzosera kunopfuurira kusimudzira dzinza nemukakamuraniso wezvemari. Chirati chave chinoshanda zvikuru pakuranga rusarura rune urongwa rwemaune urongwa panzvimbo inoshati.

Boka Rezvemari Nemuridzi Womusha

Kugara mudzimba imotokari huru yokuvaka pfuma muUnited States, uye Fair House Act yave ichinetsa mukuwedzera kusvika kubanza iroro. Nzvero dzinoratidza kuti mwero yavevaviri vedzimba veBlack neHispanic yawedzera chifo cheChiteshi, kunyange zvazvo miganhu inokosha yasara. Somuenzaniso, mwero wemitengo yavagari vemo vedzimba dzavatema ichiri mishomanene kupfuura mikana 30 yedzimba dzechichena. Kukweretengo yorunako yakabatsira kuderedza kukweretesa kwechitsotsi asi haina kubvisa zvizere kutsa kwemitengo yetendero yemari inobvumira mari kana kuti mari. Uyezve, njodzi yemari inodzoro yakarova mhuri dzechitema, kudarika kumwe kwezviwanduko dzakaitwa makore makumi apfuura. Kunyange zvakadaro, kuronga kwomutemo kwezvibvumirano zveChibvumirano chinopambwa chinodenha nokuda kwedare uye kudzosera kupfurikidza nokudzosera.

Kubatanidzwa Kwechikwata uye Kubatana Munzanga

Misha yakapoteredza yakarongeka inowanzoita kuti pave nokubatana kukuru munzanga uye masangano makuru okushamwaridzana, izvo zvinotungamirirawo kumitengo yakakwirira yokutora rutivi munzanga. Kana vanhu vanobva mumigariro yakasiana - siana vachigara pedyo nepedyo, sezvingabvira zvikuru vachabatira pamwe panhau dzenzanga, vanovaka chivimbo, uye vanobatanidzwa mukudzora kwomunzvimbomo. Fair Honging Act yakagonesa rudzi urwu rwekubatanidza nokushatisa mitemo yokusasarura uye kukurudzira kuwanikwa kwedzimba. Somuenzaniso, mitemo inobatanidza miganhu, inoda kuti vafambisi vaise parutivi chikamu chezvikamu sezvisingabhadharikidziki, kazhinji kazhinji vanodudza zvinodiwa nedzimba dzakanaka. Nepo fambiro mberi iri isina kururama, hapana kubvumirana, Mutemo wakabvisa nenzira isingabvumikidziki pamusoro pezvinoitwa pamusoro pezvirongwa zvenzanga. Somuenzaniso, mitemo inotokurudzira kubatana nezvichangobva kuitwa nenzanga.

Matambudziko uye Zvatisingakwanisi Kuita

Pasinei nezviitwa, Fair Honging Act yakatarisana nezvinetso zvinoramba zvichikutadzisa kubudirira kwayo.Idzi mhinganidzo dzinovambira pakusaita kuti mutemo ushande dzinovambira pakuregeredza kusvikira kududziro dzapamutemo idzo dzinosvika, pamwe chete namasimba akadzika midzi ezvemari neetsika.

Mikaha Yokumanikidza

Kumanikidzirwa kweChibvumirano cheFair House Act kunotsamira zvikuru panyunyuto dzomunhu oga dzinoiswa neHID kana kuti matare omunhu oga. Zvisinei, vanyajambwa vazhinji verusaruro havasviki mberi nemhaka yokusaziva, kutya kutsiva, kana kuti kuoma kwegadziriro yapamutemo. HUD’s Office of Fair House and Eclifict Profect yakaganhurirwa zviwiro, zvinotungamirira kunguva refu dzokunzvera nemhenidzo. Kuwedzera, mutoro wechiratidzo unowanzova unowira pamunyunyuti, uchiita kuti kuve kwakaoma kubvumikisa rusaruro apo rwunenge rwusingangwariri kana kuti rusina kurongeka. Officet] Parents Parenty Alliance yakapupurira kuti kuchengetwa kunoramba kuri pasi pezviito zvizhinji zvinoshamariranwa, zvikurukuru munharaunda dzomumaruwa nezviduku.

Mupimo Wakasiyana

Dare repamusorosoro remitemo rakatsigira mupimo unopesana munhau ya 2015 mirau yeSangano reNhaka neMitemo yeCommunity v. Mitemo ine tapuro yakaipa yakapesana namapoka anogona kuputsa Mutemo kunyange pasina ufakazi hwerusarurano rwemaune. Dare rapamusoro reU.S. Rinosimudzira mupimo wetsika inopesana munhau ye 2015 Dare reTexaxas reHouse neCommunity Affaicial Affaity project [[FLLT]], rinosimbisa kuti miitiro inoonekwa seisine mhosva inosasarura asi inobudisa migumisiro yetsika. Zvisinei, chisarudzo chakaisawo miganhuro inodzo inodzo inodzora kururamisa miitiro yakadaro kupfurikidza nokuratidza fariroro yeda kuratidzira shatiko duku. Rudzi runodzo runoramba ruchino ruchidzo ruchidzo ruchino ruchidzo ruchino. Runo runodzo runo ruchidzo ruchino rwokudzo rweva, ruchino rwokudzo rweva,

Miitiro Yokuzvitutumadza Neyokupedza

Chimwe chezvipingamupinyi zvinopfuurira zvikuru kudzimba dzakanaka kuganhurira kugadzirwa kwedzimba kwakakwana. Kuvaka nzvimbo dzinoda kugadzirirwa dzimba. Kwakadai sezvinodikanwa zvemhuri imwe chete, zviduku zviduku, uye zvirambidzo padzimba dzakawanda. Nhamba dzedzimba dzinopfuudzwa nedzinopfuudzira dzinza nedzemari. Chibvumirano cheFair Holucation Act chakashandiswa kudenha mimwe yeiyi mitemo, asi matare kazhinji kazhinji akazviisa kuchiremera chenyika yomunzvimbomo. Mhaka ye Valligage of Arton Heights v. . prelitan Ballection Development.[FLP] [12] [7]) inogadza dandadziro yakakwirira nokuda kwokubvumikisa shatimeirbaro mukuita zvisarudzo, kuidzo kuidzo dzakaoma kuidzo kukuita kuti ishandurusa.

Kuchinja Uzivi Hwevanhu uye Marudzi Matsva Orusaruraganda

Sezvo nyika inova yakasiana zvikuru, denho itsva dzinomuka. Rusaruro rwakavakirwa pachimiro chevatano nechizivikanwo chevatano zvino rwakabatanidzwa pasi poMutemo nemhaka yechisarudzo che 2020 cheDare Gurusa mu Bostock v. Clayton County uye nhungamiro inotevera yeHID, asi kuchengetwa munharaunda ino kunoramba kuripo. Mukuwedzera, kukura kwechisarudzo cheatmostic mukuvadziko inoyera nokukweretesa chikwereti kwakavamba mikana mitsva yerongedzero itsva iyo miitiro yetsika dzegamuchidzanwa dzinotamburira kutaura. Mitemo yemitemo yenhau inogona kuparira mirangariro yetsarudzo, inoparira mitoo yetsarudzo inooma kuziva pasina kunzvera mashoko akaoma.

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi

Kuva nechokwadi chokuti Fair House Act inozadzika chipikirwa chayo chokusimudzira mitemo yedzimba yakanaka nokusasarura, chinjo dzinoverengeka nokutanga zvinodikanwa. Izvi zvinobatanidza kusimbisa, kurongazve, unyanzvi hwokugadzira zvinhu, uye kuwedzera kuziva vanhu.

Kusimbisa Kushanda Nokushandisa Mari

Zviwanikwa zvinowedzera zveHID namasangano edzimba akaenzana akakomba. Ikoku kunobatanidza kutsigira mari nokuda kwavanzveri vakawanda, tsigiro yapamutemo yavanonyunyuta, uye zvirongwa zvokuedza zvinoshanda uko vaongorori vanoisa savarendi vanokarirwa kuti vawane rusaruro. Congress inofanirawo kurangarira kubvisa Mutemo kuderedza mutoro wezvibvumikiso muzvinoitika zvakati uye kujekesa kuti ganhuriso dzinobvisa pesvedzero dzinoshanda zvizere kuumba nokukweretesa miitiro yakasimba yomubatanidzwa wehurumende neyokutarisira nokuda kwechimbichimbichichimbichimbichimbi.

Kuchinja Kunoita Kuchinja

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo, hurumende, uye dzehurumende dzinofanira kushanda pamwe chete kubvisa nzvimbo dzinogarwa. Mitemo yakadai seOregon neCalifornia yakapfuudza mitemo inobvumira kuti zvikamu zvinamatatu zviri munzvimbo dzine mhuri imwe, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera mugove wedzimba nemhatsa. Hurumende yehurumende ingagona kuwedzera chinjo dzakadaro kupfurikidza nokubatanidza kukura kwenzanga kunopa mhesano dzinosimudzira nzvimbo dzinotengwa. Masangano emitemo anorumbidza kuti Fair Honfice Act agadziridzwe zvakajeka kunoda kuti mativi okugamuchira mari yehurumende abvise mhinganidzo kurumbidziko dzokubudirira. Nepo mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro anokosha nokuda kwokuparira nzanga dzinozivikanwa.

Kunyora Mashoko Nezvoruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu

Mitengo yazvino uno inobetsera kuziva mitoo yokupasa pamutemo iyo ingasacherekedzwa. Somuenzaniso, HUD inogona kushandisa muchina kunzvera mashandisiro emba yemone kuti ive zviratidzo zvokudzorwa kwedzinza kana kuti kubatwa kusina kururama. Kusvika kwavose kumashoko anokwereteswa nechechokwa-homeyi pasi pezvishandiso zvemitemo zveMour Mortgage Displaise Act (HMDA) inotoita kuti vanzveri vagone kunzvera kubvisa mativi akasiana. Kuwedzera HDMA kuti ibatanidze kubatanidza kutengeserana kwedzimba dzokurenda kwaigona kujekesa rusaruro mumisikateshi yemitengi. Kupfuurirazve, majeta emitemo yereshi yesctic tenatisting zvinofanira kudikanwa kuva nechokwadi chokuti vapedzeidzei miuyo yeshambiso yeshambidzo dzemari. Masangano evagari vemo ari voga yemo ari pasiricromatting kukurudzira kukura kuva kwe "pair rear rear kupfurikidza nezvirongwa zvemicroro" nokuda kwemiteshi yemiteshi ye

Kuwedzera Dzidzo Yavose Nokuwana Mukana

Vanhu vazhinji havazivi nezvekodzero dzavo muParamende yeFair House Act. Masangano ehurumende anofanira kuisa munhimbe dzokuzivisa vanhu mumitauro yakawanda dzinonanga vose vari vaviri varendi navatengesi vemisha, pamwe chete navaridzi vedzimba navakweretesi. Masangano enzanga anoita basa rinokosha muiyi nhamburiko, achigovera zano nebetsero yapamutemo. Kuwedzera kuoneka kwemitemo yedzimba inoruramisira kunogona kupa vanhu simba rokushuma kupunzwa nokudzivisa vapari vemhosva dzinobvira. Uyezve, mapurogiramu edzidzo muzvikoro napamayunivhesiti anogona kusimudzira tsika yokubatanidza zvinhu zvinowirirana nenheyo dzemitemo yeChiteshi.

mhedziso

Fair Howation Act yave iri faundesheni yomutemo wekodzero dzevagari vemo weAmerica kweinopfuura hafu yezana ramakore, ichiita basa rinokosha mukusimudzira mitemo yedzimba dzakarurama nekodzero dzevanhu. Yakabvisa zvimiro zverusarura zvisina kujeka zvikurusa, yakazarurira mamiriyoni emhuri, uye yakagovera gadziriro yapamutemo yokudenha kusaenzana. Kunyange zvakadaro basa rayo harina kukwanisika. Kuwana kuganhurirwa, kusvika kusaenzana kwokuwana chikwereti, kunzvimbo inochengetedzwa, uye kuganhurirwa kunopfuurira kupfuurira kupfuurira kuderedza zvinangwa zvemitemo. Kuziva chiono charo chenyika umo munhu ari wose ane mukana wokurarama muchengeteko, unotengwa, uye kusingadzoreki, vaiti vemitengi vemitengi vemitemo, vachengetedzeregi, uye kuisazve miganhuro yegadziriro yegadziriro yetsika inoramba iripo. Fair Har Harlesceal Act inoda kupedza chibvumirano chikwarati chipenyu chipenyu chakafanana nokuda kwenzvimbo charo charo charo charo charo charo charo charo.