Gadziriro huru yezvamatongerwe enyika muUnited States inopfuura zvikuru mutoo wokusarudza wechibharo chete, iko kudzorwa umo uzivi hwebato hunogadzirwa, hwakaedzwa, uye hwakashandurwazve. Kupfurikidza nokugonesa mitezo yeboka renzvimbo nefaundesheni kuvhota pamutungamiriri wazvo waidiwa, prompora dzinoshandisa pesvedzero ine simba uye inoshaikwa kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji pamabutiro emitemo ayo mapoka pakupedzisira anogamuchira. Kunzwisisa ikoku kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anotsvaka kunzwisisa kuti mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika eAmerica anochinja sei, kuti nhau dzinowana sei utanhamari hwerudzi, uye kuti miganhuro yemapoka makurusai inowana seizve.

Kunzwisisa Vapari Vemhosva Dzematongerwe Enyika: Mavambo Nemadhimoni

Vapari vemhosva havana kudzora nguva dzose muitiro wokuisa zvigaro. Nokuda kweyakawanda yezana ramakore rechi19, vadzori vebato nenhume dzekokorodzano vakasarudza zvikamu mumifananidzo "dzimba dzakazadzwa" Masangano echinjo mukuvamba kwezana ramakore rechi20, achisundwa nezvinodikanwa zveProving - remocracy, zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga sarudzo huru senzira yokuderedza nayo kudzora kwakatanhamara. Nhasi, hurumende iri yose ine chimiro chakati chechikuru kana kuti caucus, kunyange zvazvo mitemo ichisiana zvikuru.

Marudzi Emhosva Nemigumisiro Yadzo

  • Avhura mifungo: Muvhoti upi noupi akanyoreswa angatora rutivi mubato ripi neripi guru. Ikoku kunokurudzira vavhoti kukwirira kumativi akafara, ane mwero zvikuru, kubatanidza magariro. Zvisinei, kunogona kumutsa funganyo pamusoro po "vhotera" /___________ nhengo dzeboka rinovhota mumwe munhu mukuru kuti aone muvengi asina simba.
  • Vavhoti vakavharwa: Vavhoti bedzi vakanyoreswa nebato vangavhota mubato iroro guru. Ivava vanowanzoparira manyumine akanyanyisa zvikuru mundangariro, sezvo dziva rinovhotera rakaumbwa nemitezo yebato yakazvipira zvikurusa (kazhinji kazhinji zvikuru yakaitwa). Kunzvera kubva [[FLT:]] Pew Research Center[[
  • SAMI-Vheretiss na Semi-open Primes: Tsika dzinobvumira vavhoti vasina kubhadharwa kutora rutivi mubato guru nepo vatsigiri vakanyoreswa vakaganhurirwa kune ravo vamene. Idzodzi kuedza kudzikamisa kuwirirana neperero yepati.
  • Miparidzi yapamusoro-pamusoro neMisoro: inoshandiswa mumiganhu yakadai seCalifornia neWashington, iyi "jingprimering" inofambira mberi vakwiri vakuru pasinei zvapo nepati, ichimanikidzira vanoda kukwidza kukwirira kupfuura nzvimbo yavo. Vanogona kuderedza pesvedzero yebato rinonyanyisa asi voitawo simba rokuvhota.

Chisarudzo chorudzi rukurusa harusati ruchingovawo zvarwo udzame hwemiitiro; runotapura zvikuru kuti ndiani anomhanya, zvavanopikira, uye kuti vavhotii vanosunda purogiramu yebato. Somuenzaniso, chinhu chikuru chakavharwa muruwa rwakarongwa zvikuru chingapa simba vavhozheki zvikurusa 10% vevakasarudzwa kuraira murairo webato, nepo munhu akasununguka mumugariro wamakwikwi angamanikidzira vadai kudzikamisa kutaura kwavo.

Kusiyanisa Kunokosha

Kunyange zvazvo kazhinji kazhinji yakabatanidzwa pamwe chete, primmial nekaucuses zvinoshanda nenzira yakasiana. Caucuuses(kupesana, chinoshandiswa muIowa, Nevada, uye dzimwe nyika shomanene(h_require mutsinhano, kazhinji kazhinji maawa anogara. Dzinowanzokweva vashingairi vakazvitsaurira zvikurusa, idzo dzinogona kuva miuyo yemifungo yakanyanyisa. Vapari vemifungo, nokupesana, vakaderera nokuvhota nzvimbo dzinosarudzwa uye nokudaro vanokweva nerutivi rwakati wandeikeirwo rweboka rezvivhotera. Kuchinja kubva kumarutsigiringi kunzvimbo kunobva kunzvimbo dzinogara makore makumi maviri apfuura kunoratidza kufarira kuwanikwa nokutendeuka, asi inoderedzawo mativi anosarudzwa nenzanga.

Michina Inoshandiswa Nevarimi Vakasiyana - siyana

Masangano anotevera anoratidza kuti muitiro mukuru unoita kuti mhindumupindu ivepo unoitwa sei; iratidzirwo mhenyu yomubatanidzwa unokunda chinhu chikuru.

Kusimbisa Nhau Nepfungwa Dzacho

Munhimbe huru, vada kufunda vanofanira kuzvitsaura vamene mumunda wakatsvikinyidzana. Vanowanzoita mativi mashoma enhau dzakakwirira dzevatami vanobva munyika ne(kuchengeteka kwevatami, kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, kana kuti kutengeserana) uko kunonzwika nenzvimbo yebato ravo. Sezvinofukidza nhau idzi, sangano rebato rinocherekedza. Somuenzaniso, mu 2020 Democratic Primeters, Elizabeth Warren anoronga mitero yepfuma uye chikwereti chavadzidzi kumanikidzirwa kuva nenzvimbo dzinofambira mberi zvikuru pamisoro iyoyo, iyo gare gare gare gare yakaoneka muchikuva cha 2020. Iyi "Njesaro" inogona kusimudzira nhau kumukurumbira, boka rapamberi rezvikwereti zvamakore akawanda.

Kukurukurirana Nepfungwa Dzine Mwero uye Kushanda

Gakava rekutanga rinoshanda sezvikamu zvinoratidzira apo vadaviri vanofanira kuzvibatanidza vamene nenhau yebato iri kubuda inogamuchirwa. Chikarakadzo chinogumbura panhau huru yapabuti (somuenzaniso, kukundikana kuisa mapurisa anosekesa kana kuti kudzivirira Nchengeteko yeSocial . Iyi dzvinyiriro yezera rinosunda vose vanoda nzvimbo dzakakurumbira zvikurusa pakati pavavhoti, zvishoma nezvishoma kuchinja nhau yebato rose. Mhetezo inobva ku Brisking Priting Institution[] inoratidzira kuti kurukurirano huru yazova ine simba zvikuru mutsinhirano chifo chava 2000, sokuparadzanisa mapepa anobvumira vapindi kuti vanyorerwe mashoko kumavhoti.

Zvibvumirano, Kushandisa Mari, uye Kusimbisa Zviratidzo

Kudikanwa kwokuchengeta idzi tendero dzinosunda kutsigira mitemo yakati, mibatanidzwa yavashandi, kana kuti mapoka epfungwa (muchib., Club for Growth kana kuti Komiti yeChangeiting Campaign) inoisa ngwariro kuvanopa mari nezvinobudisa nhau kuvavambirira vanotsigira mapuranga. Kudikanwa kwokuchengeta idzi tendero dzinosunda kuvimbisa tsigiro nokuda kwemitemo yakati (yakadai se $55 mitaro yakatarwa kana kuti rusvingo rwomuganhu rwemuganhu) iyo ipapo inova nzvero dzebato. Ukama hwemari pakati pemari inoiswa mari nekatutsinhanhanhanhanhanharo hunosanopupurirwa zvakanaka nenyanzvi dzechirongwa; [[FLT:] Firedal .[FLT]] Inogovera mashoko kuti vapi vapi vemaslate, zvikurukuru muprigineti, vanonyanyoita kuti vawane mukwane, vawane zvikuru, vanowana zvikuru.

Nzvero Dzapamhosva Dzokudzorera Zvibvumirano Zveboka

Nzvimbo Inodzora Nyika ya2008: Nzvimbo Yokusarudza Inofambira Mberi

Makwikwi pakati paBarack Obama naHillary Clinton akanga asiri bedzi rwisano yechizvarwa; yakanga iri hwirudzuro huru yemubatanidzwa weDemocratic. Chirongwa cheObama chamadhingingi, chakaiswa simba navanoronga uye shoko re "tariro nokuchinja," akamanikidzira boka racho kutora chimiro chakasimba pakuvandudza utano (chisarudzo chavose), kurudziro yezvemari, uye ruramisiro yedzinza. Chikamu cha2008 Democratic divity chakarega kugadzirira uye kugamuchirwa nomutauro waifananidzira Affordable Carect. Chikamu chikuruwo chakakwidziridza ukoshi hwevaduku navaduku, chaitazve kubatanidzwa kweboka reboka revorefu.

Primarity ya2016: Murwi Wezvipoto

Kukunda kwaDonald Trump mu2016 Republican primprimes yakanga iri nguva yakadzorwa yokuchinja kwebato. Shambadzo yaTrump paidzorosa kuchengetwa kwokupinda munyika ( "kwambo"), kudzorwa kwemibato yebhizimisi, uye mutemo wokumwe "America Frist" wakadenha zvakananga makumi amakore eRepublican ocrotory pakutengeserana, kupindira, uye kuvandudza kwepromigration. Sezvo Trump yakadzora makwikwikwi makuru, vakwikwikwidzani vake, (kubatanidza Ted Cruz, Marcoc, naJeb Bush) yakamanikidzirwa kutevera kutevera mukurumbira wemukurumbira wemubati uye murudzi kuti urambe uripo. Chikamu chikuru cheRepublican, nepotichine, chakangova nechino chetsika chakachinja zvikuru kutsigira kurambidza kudzorwa kwemitezo, muganhu, uye chibvumirano chekudzo chakafanana necharechi 2020 chadzo. Chikamu cheChikamu chikuru chinoitwa chinoitwa. Chikurusariranwa chakashandurwa chinoitwa muChine. Chikamu

2020 Democratic Primary: Kusimbisa Center- Kuruboshwe

Kunyange zvazvo nzvimbo yacho yakanga yakasiana- siyana mumifungo(-kunangana) kubva kuBernie Sanders naElizabeth Warren kusvikira kuPete Buttigieg naJoe Biden) muuyo wokupedzisira wakabatanidza chikuva chapakati nechokuruboshwe icho chakabatana zvinofambira mberi (Medicare gwirikwidziro, mamiriro okunze, kusunungurwa kwevadzidzi) nehurumende yePurgatiance. MaGhesterimani akadai seSouth Carolina, apo tsigiro yaBhiden Countation yakamutsiridzazve nhimbe yake, yakasimbisa kuti ruramisiro yedzinza nepfuma zvirambe zviri pakati pechikuva cha2020. Chikuru chakatungamirirawo kugamuchirwa kwe "mauto echiuto zvechiBanders neBiden, kuchiguma mubato chakanga chiri chifambiri mberi zvikuru kupfuura chirongwa chaClinn 2016 asi kupfuura chitsamakuru cheSenter.

2022 Mirwi Yezvirugu: Trump- Mord Candidates

2022 vapamberi veRepublican vakaona aichimbova Purezidhendi Trump anoshandisa simba rake rokutsigira vatsigiri avo vakanamatira kunhau yake yetsororo ya 2020 yetsika yokusarudza uye kumira kwokusagadzwa. Mumigumisiro yokutanga yakamanikidzira boka reRepublica kutora nzvimbo dzechikuva idzo dzakarerutsa zviremera zvetsika zvetsika zvetsika (g., shamho inotendera kunyunyuta kwetsika uye mirano yokusarudza. Iyi chinja yakanga iri pachena munhimberi yepakati yehondo neProfekitari inositi yehurumende kugadziridza namapati ehurumende. Nepo vamwe vava vanoda kukwikwikwidza vakarasikirwa nezvirongwa zvechirongwa chetsika chetsika (m., kutsigira kudzora kwetsika dzetsika dzetsika) zvakapfuurira mumapepa makuru ehurumende.

Kushandiswa Kwakanaka Kwematare Aishandiswa Neboka Raiva Nemhosva

Pasinei zvapo nechechechechete yehurumende inosarudzwa, vatungamiriri veboka , vapi, mapoka ezvikomborero (*) vakatanga unyanzvi hwakaoma hwokugadzira migumisiro yokutanga uye, kupfurikidza nokufutunurwa, zvikuva. Kugadzwa kwavashakapi kunowanzogamuchira kutenderwa kwapakuvamba, mari, uye kufukidzwa kwakanaka kwezvinobudisa nhau kuti vadzivirire zvinetso. Zvisinei, kukwira kwemapaC makuru nemapoka ane mari yakasviba kwakaparadza munda wokutamba, kuchibvumira vaendi kunze kukwidza nhimbedzo dzinotemwaranwa nechetetetetete. Kuoma pakati pedenderedzwa repa nefautasi yemabato nenhungamiro yebato inhau dzinorondedzera mamiriro ezvinhu azvino uno.

Boka ravanhu vanoisa mukati rinoedzawo kupesvedzera zvikuva kupfurikidza nemirairo yokusarudza, yakadai semaemondderait (muchikamu cheDemocratic Party) kana kuti kuwina migove yose (mumarimu mazhinji eRepublican primial). Iyi miitiro inogona kukudza manzwi ane mwero kana kuti kupa pfungwa dzakawandisa, zvichitsamira pamiraudzo yakananga. Democratic Party yeDidemocratic Party yakaita kuti basa remagedhire pabhoti rokutanga, yakanga iri mhinduro yakananga kupfungwa yokuti 2016 yakanga yaka "iendie" neBern Sanderers . inoratidzira kuti mitemo mikuru inova chishandiso chekugadziridza chigaro chekugadziriso.

Zvinetso Netsoropodzo Zvetsika Huru

Kutora Rutivi Rwakaderera uye Rwakaenzana

Muvhoti mukuru anowanzova anobva pa15% kusvikira ku30% yavavhoti vakakodzera, zvichienzaniswa na50/65% musarudzo. Uku kutora rutivi kwakaderera kunopa ngwariro kusimba pakati pavakweguru, vachena, vakabudirira zvikuru, uye vakawanda zvikuru mundangariro. Muuyo wacho i "mhesano hurusa" tsika yakagadzirirwa kupa inzwi kuvanhu kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji inonyandura manzwi avanhu zvikurusa, kubudisa manzwi namapuratifomu asingaratidzi zvido zvezviteshi zvevhoterameti zvinopfuudza zvikuru. Uku kuvhotera kwakaisvonaka zvikurukuru mumasangano akavharwa munyika dzisiri dzoukuru, umo makwikwikwidzani ane revorenzi ane revo.

Kuisa pachena ne "Reace kuBasa"

Nemhaka yokuti vavhoti vakuru vanonyanyoitwa nendangariro, vadaviri vanosundwa kuisa nzvimbo pamapapiro ebato ravo panzvimbo pepakati. Ichi chinoitika, chinowanzonzi "race kusvikira kunzvimbo," chakabatanidzwa namasayendisiti ezvamatongerwe enyika kukuwedzera kwenzvimbo muCongress. Sezvo nzvimbo dzechikuva dzinova dzakaipisisa, vasarudzo vese vanofanira ipapo kukwirira kunzvimbo yepakati, vachiparira mukaha wekuvimba unoputsa chivimbo chavanhu. Nzvero 2021 inobudiswa muJournal of Political Science yakawana kuti maruwa ane maPrigm anowedzera makwikwi anoparira mitezo mizhinji zvikuru yemifungo, inokweva negira.

Basa Remari Nemari Isina Kunaka

Vaparidzi vava manhangemutange anodhura; vadari kazhinji kazhinji vanopedzera zvikuru pakushambadzira, tsamba dzakananga, uye magiravhiti kuvhozhokera kuduku, kwakarongwa. Kumuka kwemaPACIFUNDO makuru na501(c)(4) “masangano enzanga asingadi kuzivisa vapinyi" akabvumira vanhu vakapfuma namasangano kuti apesvedze migumisiro yokutanga nepuranga. Somuenzaniso, mafuta negasi zvakatsigira nenzira inobudirira zvirongwa zvecarbon purbon, zvinochengeta chiito chomugariro wenzvimbo yenzvimbo yebato. Uku kubhadhacha kwakapfumbaira kunoshamisa asi kunotevedzerwa namapoka akafanana [FLT:]

Kuchinja Vapari Vemhosva Nokuda Kwomufananidzo Uri Nani

Kugadzira Mazai

Alaska naMaine vakagamuchira kuvhota kwakatanhamara kwechikamu nesarudzo. Mugadziriro yerechine cheRCV yapamusoro-na yeAlaska, vada kubhapatidzwa vose vanooneka panzvimbo yokutanga imwe, uye fambiro mberi ina pamusoro kurusarudzo, apo vavhoti vanovaisa. Ikoku kunoderedza sundo yokudyisa zvikuru nemhaka yokuti vadaviri vanofanira kukwirira kudivirira kudivi rakafara revavhoti kubva pakutanga. Ufakazi hwapakuvamba kubva kuMaine's 2020 ne 2022 hunokarakadza kuti RCPrimics dzinoita vapangi vanopinda muzvikamu zvine mwero zvikuru uye vane mano akasimba zvikuru okuvaka masangano. RVC inoonekwawo senzira yokuwedzera nayo "mutengiripuer" uye kuwedzera kupfurikidza nokuvhota.

Kunyoresa Kwemari Nekunyoresa Kwemari Kunoitwa Nomunhu Oga

Kuwedzera maprimial akazaruka(apokugamuchira "top-2" fomati yezvirongwa) kungawedzera pesvedzero huru yavavhoti. Kunyoresa kwokuzvidira kwevavhota kwaiitika, kana kwakabatanidzwa nokunyoresa kwezuva rimwe chetero nokuda kwePrimmical, kwakaratidzwa kuwedzera pakati pevavhoti vaduku navakapfumi, kuita kuti migumisiro yokutanga ive mimiririri yakawanda. Chikamu chikuru cheCalifornia, chakaitwa muna 2012, chakatungamirira kukusarudzwa kwenhambo nenhambo kwapanhambo nenhambo, kunyange zvazvo vatsoropo vachiipikisawo kuchiparira chikumbiro chine simba apo vapi vanopfumidzwa vanowana panzvimbo pezvikamu.

Dzidzo Yezvigadzirwa Zvemagetsi Nenhamburiko Dzokutsigira

Zvinjo dzinoshanda bedzi sezvinoitwa navavhoti vanoziva vanodzishandisa. Masangano eNonpartisan akafanana neLeague of Women Voters neBallotteia anogovera nhungamiro dzavavhoti vane mamiriro okusarudza, kubetsera vavhoti vakuru kunzwisisa revo rechikuva rezvisarudzo zvavo. Mitemo inoisa mari mumikoto inotumirwa mizhinji, vavhoti vepaIndaneti, uye dzidzo yehurumende inoda kuona kuvhota kwakakwirira zvikuru uye mitoo yokuvhota nayo inojekerwa. Chinetso chinoramba chichisvika pakubvisa vavhoti, zvikurukuru mumhoteredzo dzakaderera dzemanyuko.

Kutarira Mberi: Utsotsi Nekushanduka - shanduka Kwemapoka

Sezvo ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu ruchidzokazve nzira iyo vavhoti vanogamuchira nayo mashoko(//na sezvo mapoka makuru maviri anopfuurira kuinzwa zvakanaka panhau dzetsika nedzemari ) gadziriro yokutanga icharamba iri nhandare yemitambo yepachikuva. Kukwidziridzwa kwemari inotsigirwa nevenzanga, kuwanda kwemibatanidzwa yemashoko emashoko okutumira mashoko, uye kushandiswa kunowedzera kwemashoko ezviziviso zvemajeketsi kuvana vaduku zvikuru vavhoti. Munguva ino, kunoda kuti zuva guru renyika, kana kuti kutenderera karendasiti kuti ideredze pesvedzero huru yenyika dzapakuvamba dzakadai Iowas neNewpre, zviri kuwedzera matura mumativi ose ari maviri.

Nhamo huru mubato ripi neripi rehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu inzira yokudzikamisa nayo mbavarira yechivako chinoshingaira nechinodikanwa chokuwina sarudzo. Zvisarudzo ndezvipi uko kusagadzikana ikoko kunopedza nomutoo wakajeka zvikurusa. Kunzwisisa uyu muitiro(vamakanika), varapi, mipimo yavo, uye mikana yawo yokuvandudza (inokosha) nokuda kwavadzidzisi, vadzidzi, uye vagari vemo vanoda kuona mapati ava mumiririri wevoruzhinji wavanoti vanobatira. Sezvo 2024 ne2028 nhambo dzinoitwa, zvisarudzo zvinoitwa muvapringia hazvisati zvichizongosarudza bedzi kutsiva asi zvichapfuurira kuvandudza nheyo dzemitemo yeAmerica yokutonga kweAmerica kwemakore anouya.