Kutanga: Simba Reutano Hwevanhu Vose Rakasiyana Nemamwe

National Guard ine nzvimbo imwe chete mudavidzo yekurumidziro yeUnited States. Vose vari vaviri varwi vehurumende mumurairo wagavhuna uye simba rehurumende rokuchengeta rinogona kugadzirwa napurezidhendi, varindi vanogovera basa rinodzoreka, rinopfuudzwa nokukurumidza iro masangano ehurumende anowanzoshaiwa. Kubvira pamazuva awo okutanga, varindi vakadanwa kuti vatsigire utano hwavanhu vose (pamberi chaipo pomukana wemashoko) pamberi pemashoko okuti “utano hwevoruzhinji” hupinde diktrogramu yavose. Kubva muna 1918 furuwenza wefu kusvikira kunjodzi yeCOVID (kupondi)19, National Guard ave ari pamikwaa mabasa anobva pakumira nzvimbo dzokuedza kuti aparadzire majekise, maredhi ezvipatarati, uye kuendesa dzidzo yezvoutano kuvanhu vasingagoni kuwanda.

Iri basa rakakudzwa harina kuitika netsaona. Nhungamiro dzinogarwa nhaka dzeVarindi muhurumende iri yose nendima, madhipatimendi avo ezvokurapa neourongwa hwezvoutano aripo, uye mano avo okukwikwidza njodzi nokukurumidza pasi pomurairo wakabatana zvinokuita kuti uve mubiyake wemasangano akadai seCentre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Federal Emergency Managency Agency Agency (FEMA), uye madhipatime ezvoutano. Nyika zvainotarisana netyisidziro dzoutano dzinoramba dzichiwedzera kuoma, kubatanidza njodzi dzinotapura mamiriro okunze, uye zvirwere zveOpioid, kunzwisisa ukukura kwemipiro yeNational Guards kuutano kunova chinhu chinokosha nokuda kwomuitiro wehurumende, vakuru vezvoutano, vakuru vezvoutano, uye nzanga dzakafanana.

Zviitiko Zvenhau: Kurinda Kwenyika Muhosha Nengwavaira

Kubuda kwa1918 muAnfluenza Pandemic

Kuedzwa kukuru kwokutanga kwebasa revoruzhinji routano raVarwi kwakauya mukati medenda refuruwenza ya 1918, iyo yakatapura inenge mativi matatu avagari venyika. Panguva iyoyo, National Guard yakanga isati yava simba rakabatanidzwa zvizere rehurumende . Asi mauto akawanda ehurumende akanyandurwa kubetsera kuchengetwa kwenzvimbo dzokugara dzoga, kuvakwa kwechinguvana kwechipatara, uye betsero yokuviga. Vachengeti vamigwagwa yakacheuka kuti vaite kuti mirayiro yokuvhara, vakabetsera vashandi kukwira maravhaisi, uye vakatakura vanorwara muambure ehondo. Chinoitika chacho chakaratidzira kuti chirango chehondo neve chingagona kuwedzera zvikuru simba routano hwevarwi mukati me njodzi.

Pakati Pezana Remakore Rechi20: Chirimo Nenjodzi Dzinongoitika Dzoga

Mukati mehosha dzeporiyo dzama 1940 nama 1950, mapoka aVarindi aibetsera nokuparadzirwa kwamapapu esimbi, akatanga zvipatara zviri zvoga, uye akagovera zvokufambisa kuvarwere. Gare gare, mushure menhambo yePritu yeCamille (1969) nePhurricane Agnes (1972), basa routano hwavanhu vose rakakura kubatanidza kucheneswa kwemvura, kudzorwa kwezvipembenene, uye nzvero dzoutano dzemhoteredzo dzinotevera mafashamo. Mabasa aya akaisa fandesheni nokuda kwepfungwa yazvino uno ye “zvikwata zvinotsigira varwere zvechinyakaredziro” izvo nhasi zvinogovera kurapa, raunzi rerabhorato, uye unyanzvi hwokukurukurirana zviitiko mukati njodzi.

COVOID 16) Pandemic: Chivako Chakatsvedzerwa

Denda reCovid 16) rakaratidzira kushanda kukurusa uye kwakapfuuridzirwa zvikurusa kweNational Guard nokuda kwoutano hwavanhu vose munhau yeAmerica. Pamavambo enjodzi yacho, Varindi vanenge 47 000 vakagoverwa mukutsigirwa kwezviito zvoutano nezvokushanda munyika dzose 50 nendima ina. Dzinenge 4 000 dzemisha yavanamukoti dzakaitiswa, uye vatarisiri vaitarisira mwero yemishonga yenhomba inopfuura mamiriyoni 20. Munyika dzakadai seNew York, California, uye Texas, Varijastia vaishanda kurutivi rwa196by 12,69 hedier navashandi vezvoutano muzvipatara zvakamiswa munzvimbo dzekokorodzano nenhandare dzemitambo.

Varindi vakaitawo mabasa akakomba akadai sekurondwa, kunzvera tsigiro, uye kutarisirwa kweketani dzezvokurapa — kubatanidza kubata zvinhu zvishomanene zvakadai semabhachi, zvinofema, uye kuedzazve vamiriri vemhepo. Ikoku chinoitika hachina kungoponesa bedzi upenyu husingaverengeki asiwo chakaparira upfumi hwemiitiro yakanakisisa iyo zvino inozivisa mubatanidzwa nehurumende dzidziso yakagadzirira.

Mabasa Emakori: Mbiru Nhanhatu Dzokutsigira Utano Hwevanhu Vose

Kutsigirwa Nezvokurapa

Mupiro unooneka zvikurusa weNational Guard kuutano hwavanhu vose kurapa kwakananga. Apo gadziriro dzokurapa dzisiri dzavagari vemo dzinokurirwa, mapoka ezvokurapa ezvokurapa (apo anotarisira) kubatanidza zvipatara zvokurwisa, zvipatara zvinoiswa kuchipatara, uye mapoka okutambira kwemishonga (‘canfod) kutanga dzimwe nzvimbo dzokutarisira. Somuenzaniso, mukati medenda reCHOVAD remaremaremaremare, Varindi vanogadza nokushanda muzvipatara muLos Angeles Convention Center, uye kudzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda.

Kupfuura kupararira, varindi vanotsigira nguva dzose zvirongwa zvoutano zvomumaruwa. Munharaunda dzine vanhu vakawanda vasingachengeterwi, nyanzvi dzezvokurapa dzinotora rutivi mumabasa e “Kurovedza Kudzidza Kutsva kweIRT, umo vanogovera meno yapachena, kurapa, uye mishonga munzanga dziri kure nepo vachichengetawo kugadzirira kwavo vamene utano. Muna 2023 moga, maIRT 200 akapedzwa, vachibatira varwere vanenge 50 000 vari munharaunda dzinenge dzine ganhuriro shoma dzokuwana utano.

Kuongorora uye Zvekufambisa

Njodzi dzoutano dzavanhu dzinowanzokundikana nemhaka yokuputsika kwemigodhi yokugovera, kwete perevedzo yemishonga kana kuti midziyo. Unyanzvi hweRoard naizvozvo ndichimwe chezvinhu zvahwo zvinokosha zvikurusa. Komba dzevarindi dzinoshanda nzvimbo dzinoparadzirwa, dzinotarisira nzvimbo dzinotonhora dzemajekiseni nebiologics, uye kushandisa motokari dzezvifambiso chaizvo (kubatanidza marori, maherikoputa, uye ndege dzinotakura 93awling .*

Mukati memhinduro yeH1N1 yefuruwenza (2009-2010), zvikwata zvezvifambiso zvakaendesa mishonga inodzivisa utachiona kumakiriniki omumaruwa muAlaska neRocky Mountain. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, mukati megonje remonepox (pox) rakabuda ra2022, varongi vakabatana namadhipatimendi ezvoutano ehurumende kuvimbisa kuti zvinodikanwa zvechinonzi nesvolce 93dˈchain zvejekiseni dzeJynneos zvakachengetwa kubva munzvimbo dzoutano dzomunzvimbomo. Iyi yakava inokosha zvikuru zvikurukuru mukati mezvinoitika zvemisi yokunze yechando, zvakadai sechimudututututuko we 2021 weTexas, apo varwi vezvokutakura zvifambiso zvechando chechando kuti vagovere zvikwa negiramumvura yemhepo yechando kuvarwere vomumusha.

3. Dzidzo Yavose Nekurukurirano Youtano

Kurwisa mashoko asina kururama uye kusimudzira mufambiro wokudzivirira utano chinhu chinokura, uye Varindi vakatora basa nenzira inowedzera mukurukurirano youtano hwavose. Mukati meCOVIDNÚ19, mitezo yaVarindi yakatora rutivi muzvinoitika zvenzanga, kuongorora nharaunda, uye horo dzinoda kuva dzetaundi kuti vagoverane mashoko akarurama pamusoro pokuedza, kuvhara, uye kudzivirira. Munharaunda dzomumaruwa nedzorudzi.

Varwi vanotsigirawo nhimbe dzedzidzo youtano pamisoro yakadai sokuziva kuzviuraya, kudzivirira kuzviuraya, uye kudzivirira kugarwa. Somuenzaniso, nyika yeVarindi veWest Virginia yakabatana nedhipatimendi rezvoutano rehurumende kuti ibudise mashoko akarongwa pamusoro pengozi dzefentanyl, nepo Varindi veCalifornia vakaita nhimbe yezvokurapa mashoko akawanda yaikurudzira kudzivirira kweCHOVAID . Nhambudzo idzi dzinovarirwa mutsika refu yehondo ye “kubatanidza nokusimbisa njodzi dzechiuto.

4. Kupindura Nemamiriro Eutano Ane Ngwariro Yengwavaira

Njodzi dzinoitika dzoga dzinowanzoita njodzi dzoutano hwevanhu: mvura yakashatiswa inotungamirira kukorera; mvura yakasviba inobereka umhutu hunoparadzira utachiona hweWest Nile; simba rinovhara madialysis nokuvhara mishonga inoponesa upenyu. Mapoka eRher anoona njodzi anodzidziswa kubatanidza utano mumativi ose okupindura. Pashure peHurricane Maria akaparadza Puerto Rico muna 2017, mapoka eVarindi anobva kunyika dzakawanda dzakavakwa kuti vabatsire kuchenesa mvura, kuongorora zvirwere, uye kudzorerwa kwesimba remagetsi kuzvipatara. Varwi vezverivhizhese vakaedza kunaka kwemvura, nepo zvikwata zvehurumende zvinotsigira mvura zvakaedza kunzvera marabhuro okunzvera marabhuroko nedeo.

Nenzira yakafanana, mukati mekupisa kwemhepo kwenzou 2020 muPacific Northwest, vatarisiri vanoparadzira mabhaskopu eN95 kudzivirira vagari pautsi, kuvamba nzvimbo dzokutonhorera nokuda kwokudziya dzinoiswa vatamiswi, uye kuongorora kunaka kwemhepo. iyi mienzaniso inoratidza kuti rutivi rwoutano rwavose rwaVarindi haruna kuganhurirwa kuhosha dzinotapukira; kunobatanidza njodzi dzakazara dzemhoteredzo nedzebasa dzinomuka mukati memigariro inokurumidzira.

Kubatana Nezvirongwa Zvoutano Zvavose

Kubudirira kweNational Guard muutano hwavanhu kunotsamira pakubatana kusina mubatanidzwa nemasangano asiri apamutemo. Pamwero wehurumende, Varindi vanoshanda kupfurikidza neDhipatimendi reDefense of Defense’s (DoD) Succes of Civil Profession (DSCA) uye mubatira pamwe napedyo neCDC, FEMA, uye Dhipatimendi reHHS (HS). Metranda yenzwisiso pakati pehurumende nevakuru vakuru vezvoutano vanovimbisa kuti nzira dzinoshanda, kugoverwa kwemipiro, uye zvivako zvemirairo zvinorondedzerwa zvakajeka.

Muenzaniso mukuru webatano ityisidziro huru yeU.S. yechi20th Civil Survice Team (CST), boka rinoumbwa nenyanzvi dzezvokurapa, rorabhoritari, uye dzekurukurirano. CSTs anogona kugadzira nokukurumidza kuti aone makemikari, zvinoumba zvinhu zvipenyu, uye nyukireya (CBRN) tyisidziro dzinobatanidza zvinhu zvinoumba zvinhu zvipenyu zvinovapo zvomuzvarirwo (nezvokugara zvichiwanika) uye zvinopa mashoko chaiwo ezvoutano hwevoruzhinji. Mukati mekupararira kweCVOIDPROPECST, CST munyika dzinoverengeka dzinobetserwa nokuedza kwerabhoratari, kugadzira zviuru zvemienza apo marabhora enyika akakurirwa.

Pamwero wehurumende, varwi kazhinji kazhinji vakuru vakuru vanobatira pamwe navashandi mukati menzvimbo dzekurumidziro (EOC) nenzvimbo dzemirayiridzo youtano, vachibvumira kuita chisarudzo chokukurumidza. Uku kubatana kwakashandiswa nenzira inobudirira muLouisiana mukati me 20202021 CHOVID , uko Louisiana Counterdrug Task Force yanangidzirwa nenzira isati iri yenguva dzose pakurevererwa kwemirimo nerakanyo. Kuchinjika kwakadaro chiratidzo choukoshi hweR.

Kurovedza Nokugadzirira Mabasa Outano

Nepo basa guru raVarindi richiramba richidzivirira nyika, zvinhu zvinokosha zvinotsaurirwa kugadzirira vashandi nokuda kwetsigiro youtano hwevanhu. Boka rimwe nerimwe raVarindi rinoitisa rovedzo yegore negore paNational Incident Management Management System (NIMS) uye kutora rutivi mukurovedza kwakadai seArden Sendry yeDoD neBato reHomeland’s Security Breeze, uko kunoenzanisira njodzi dzoutano dzavose pamwe chete nokupararira kwehosha dzinotapukira.

Zvirongwa zvokurovedza zvinokosha zvinosanganisira:

  • Dzechemical Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Rovedzo [[[FLT: 1]: muraidzo wemaoko mukubvisa utachiona, midziyo inodzivirira yomunhu oga (PPE), uye shiviriro yezvinofungidzirwa kuva zvinhu zvipenyu.
  • Public Health Emergency Response (PHER) Kosi : Dzinopiwa kupfurikidza neUniversity Services University of the Health Sciences, idzi kosi dzinofukidza zvirwere, kurukurirano yengozi, uye tsika mumigariro youtano yavose.
  • File Hospital and Clinical Skills Surstainment: Varindi vari mumabasa okurapa vanogamuchira rovedzo yezvokurapa inopfuurira kuti vachengete nhingi nokuwana unyanzvi mumiitiro yemishonga yomumunda yakadai sokurapa netsinga, kudzora kwepamuviri, uye triage.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kutaura uye mutauro [[FLT: 1]: Munharaunda dzine vanhu vazhinji vanotaura Lingala, mitezo yavarindi inowanzogamuchira rovedzo mukurukurirano youtano yokugona kunyora, ichibetsera kuvhara mhinganidzo dzomutauro mukati mekudzivirira nokukunda.

Zvichida zvinokosha zvikurusa, “simba rose” raRoard rinoreva kuti mitezo mizhinjiwo inopa ngwariro muupenyu hwavo husiri hwavanhu hwechipiri (vanachiremba, vakoti, varemiteri, vagadziri vezvoutano, uye vakuru vakuru vezvoutano vavanhu vose). Uhwu unyanzvi huviri hunovabvumira kurova pasi nemhinduro duku. Mukati ma 20222 mpox, somuenzaniso, vacheri vemishonga vakakwanisa nokukurumidza kuvamba kupa majekiseni pamakiriniki epopēp nemhaka yokuti vakatoita macrective anodikanwa.

Migumisiro Yakanaka Neyacho Yomunyika Yose

Kuwedzera tapuro yeVarindi pautano hwavanhu kunodenha, (8) rakawanda rebasa rinoitwa seri kwezviono nejekiseni. Mukuwirirana nomushumo 2022 kubva kuNational Guard Bureau, vashandi vakagovera anopfuura mamirioni 8 kumibato yeCOVID 761 kupfurikidza na 2021, yakaenzana navashandi 4 000 vakazara munguva. Fundo yakabudiswa mu Medicine Medicine[ yakagumisa kuti kuvapo kwezvipatara zvemari inofa munzanga dzakaoma kupfurikidza nokugovera tarisiro inotambudza panguva yakafanira.

Kupfuura COVID 16), basa reVarindi mukubvisa njodzi yeOpioid rinokosha. Muzvinhu zvakaita seKentucky, New Hampshire, uye Ohio, Murwi weCounterdtrad Task Force unotsigira nhamburiko dzoutano dzavanhu kupfurikidza nokunzvera kwouchenjeri, kunzvera mari, uye gadziriro yemishonga yakakotsekana inorasa nzvimbo dzinoraswa. Kunzvera kwakaitwa neHofisi yeMatare Rinoera (GAO) kwakawana kuti varindi vanodzivisa zvinodhaka vanounganidza makirogiramu anopfuura 2 000 emishonga inodzorwa gore negore, kuchideredza ngozi yokushandisa mishonga inodzorwa uye kupambadzwa.

Munzvimbo youtano hwemamiriro okunze, mapoka aVarindi akaita nzvero dzoutano hwemhoteredzo pashure pePhurrine Michael (2088), vachinzvera mvura yokunwa muinopfuura 200 mumatsime muFlorida Pankandle. Ivo vakatsigirawo Centers for Disease Control (CDC) “Climatégrade Reappy States and Cities Initivection" kupfurikidza nokugovera Geographic Information System (GIS) mepul yemicro yekupisa munyika dzinoverengeka, kuchigonesa kuparira nzvimbo inodziyisa kupisa mukati me zviitiko zvokupisa zvikuru.

Matambudziko Nezvinetso

Pasinei zvapo noukoshi hwayo hwakaratidzirwa, National Guard inotarisana nedenho dzinoverengeka mukutsigira nokuwedzera basa rayo routano hwavose. Chokutanga, basa guru raVarindi igadziriro yehondo, uye kutambanudza utano hwavanhu kunogona kukwikwidzana nerovedzo yokurwisa nebatira pamwe. Mukati mokukwirira kweCOVID 76, mapoka akawanda akashuma zvinetso zvinochengeta unyanzvi hwavo hwokurwisa hondo huru sezvo mitezo inopedza mwedzi yakawanda munzvimbo dzinodzivirira panzvimbo dzezvombo.

Chechipiri, pane zvinoganhurirwa zvemitemo nemitemo. Posse Comitatus Act inowanzorambidza varwi kupinda mukuita kuti mutemo utevedzere, asi mabasa outano avose akadai sokuparadzana kwechidhinanwa kana kuti kuongorora kugona kukanganisa musiyano pakati pedziviriro youtano nemapurisa. Mitemo yehurumende inosiyana zvikuru, uye mamwe magavhuna ave achizengurira kushandisa varindi nokuda kwemabasa outano avose nemhaka yekuva nehanya nemabasa outano echiuto. Nhungamiro dzakajeka uye kutarisirwa kwepamutemo zvinodavimbwa kuti vanhu varambe vachivimba.

Chechitatu, mamiriro ezvinhu evarindi anoparira denho mukuronga mari nemigove yezvikwereti. Zvishandiso zvakadai seamburenzi, zvipatara zvesango, uye marabhoritari okuedza makambaira zvinofanira kuchengetwa nokuda kwezvose zviri zviviri kushandiswa munguva yehondo neyomumba, asi hova dzinotsigira mari dzinowanzobva mupoto dzakaparadzana dzinopesana neHHS. Mari inochinja inogona kutungamirira kumukana. Somuenzaniso, 2023 National Defense Incoffinsence Act (NDA) gadziriro inobvumirwa namamirioni $50 (Z $842) nokuda kwezvishandiso zvoutano zvavose, asi sa2024, $66 bedzi ndiro yakasungirwa.

Pakupedzisira, vashandi veGuant vagari vemo vane mabasa asiri ehurumende nemisengwa yemhuri. Kushandiswa kwakawanda kunogona kuparira nhamo yemari kumitezo ine vashandirwi vangasapa betsero dzehondo. Nepo mutemo wehurumende uchidzivirira mitezo yaVarindi pakusarura basa pasi peUniversity Servicess Emplocation and Rehospectment Rights Act (USTERRA), havasi vashandirwi vose vanodzidziswa pamusoro pedziviriro idzi. Kuderedza mutoro pavarindi vamwe navamwe kunotongedzerwa nokuda kwokuvakwa kwenguva refu kwemishoni yezvoutano.

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi: Kuvaka Murindi Woutano Anorava

Vachitarira mberi, National Guard sezvingabvira vachaona basa rayo routano ravose richiwedzera zvikuru.

  • Chinjo yeChinetso neMoyeme inonyanyisa[[FT:1]: Sezvo mirwi yefivha, mwoto, uye mafashamo zvinova kazhinji kazhinji, Varindi vachakumbirwa kugovera tsigiro yokurapa, tarisiro yemhoteredzo, uye kubuda. Michina mitsva yokurovedza pakudzora kupisa kunowirirana nechirwere uye kunzvera hosha dzinofambidzana namagweta inenge yatotangwa.
  • Kutora nzvimbo kwechimurenga [[FLT: 1]: Mukati medenda, Varindi vakaedza nokubvunza magetsi muzvipatara zvomumunda kunyanzvi munzvimbo dzezvokurapa dzisiri dzavanhu. Iyi mifananidzo ingagona kurongwa kubvumira vatarisiri vemishonga kuti vagamuchire nhungamiro iri kure mukati memigariro yekurumidziro youtano yomunguva yemberi, zvikurukuru munharaunda dzomumaruwa.
  • Utano hwetsinga yetsinga neBehavioral Health : Varindi vakanangidzira ngwariro nenzira inowedzera pakudzivirira kuzviuraya neyamuro youtano hwendangariro yokutanga pakati pemapoka avo vamene, asi inopawo tsigiro yenzanga. Programu dzakadai se “Operation Healthy Base” na“ Thupiri Ribbon Reintegiation" dzinogona kugadzirirwa nokuda kwenjodzi dzoutano hwendangariro, dzakadai sepashure pekurova kwapashure penjodzi kana kuti nhamo yokuparadzaniswa kwenguva refu mukati mezvirwe.
  • Mitemo yapamusoro neMitemo yeAnalytics: Mapoka etsigiro yavagari vemo yeGugar atova akatoshongedzerwa nerabhoratori dzinotakurika uye zvishandiso zvokushandisa. Kupinza muuchenjeri hwokugadzirwa kwomuzvarirwo uye ruzivo rwokufanoziva kuti zvinhu zvichavapo zvingagona kugone kuita kuti uwanike nokukurumidza zvikuru uye kuiswa kwezviwanikwa.
  • Mabasa eMitemo akasimbiswa[[FLT: 1]: Vagadziri vemitemo vari kutsvaka nzira dzokuvandudza nadzo Stafford Act nemitemo yebasa routano ravose kuti vajekese chiremera chaVarindi chokuita mabasa outano mukati memigariro yekurumidziro, vachideredza kujeka kwapamutemo uko kunogona kuderedza mhinduro.

National Guard haisati iri mutsivi wegadziriro yakasimba yeutano yavanhu vose, asi mushandisi wemirimo ane simba. Kupfurikidza nokuisa mari mukurovedza, kubatana, uye midziyo, rudzi rwacho runogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti varindi vanoramba vari shamwari yakavimbika mukudzivirira utano hwenzanga (kunyange zvazvo tyisidziro iri utachiona hwechienzi, dutu, kana kuti giramu rinovhara zvinodhaka. Dambudziko reCOVOID . Denda rekushanda kweRheridhe rakaratidzira zvose zviri zviviri bviro neganhuriro; nhano inotevera ndeyokuvakira pazvidzidzo izvozvo kuti zvivake simba rinosimba zvikuru, routano.

Seizvo Mukuru mukuru Daniel Hokanson, aichimbova Mukuru weNational Guard Bureau, akataura, “Varindi ibhuroko rinogara riri pakati pemauto nenzanga dzatinoshumira. Kana toreva nezvoutano hwevanhu, hatisi kungomira chete; tiri rutivi rwechigarire rwechigadzikiso.” Mashoko iwayo anoratidza nguva itsva yokushandira pamwe kwehurumende yemauto, umo basa reNational Guard muutano hwevanhu richapfuurira kuenderera mberi nokuwedzera.