Kubatana Kunokosha Pakati Pebetsero Yamarudzi Ose Neenderero Mberi Yezvokurima

yamuro yokunze inoramba iri chimwe chezvishandiso zvine simba zvikurusa nokuda kwokunangana nenhamo yenyika yose, urombo, uye gadziriro dzezvokudya. Nepo zvirongwa zvikuru zvezvirongwa zvezviwirirano zvezvokudya neyamuro yekurumidziro zvinowanzova misoro mikuru, rutivi rukuru rwebetsero yebudiriro runotungamirirwa pamwero wemitengo yezviwi zvevhu. Kubva pakusvika kunyika yose ] yakayera 500 miriyoni dzedzimba dzevarimi dzinorima [. Mhuri idzi dzinorima mari iri pasi pezvikamu zviviri paavhareji, bva dzinobudisa inenge chikamu chimwe chezvikamu zvezvokudya zvenyika yose uye 80% zvezvokudya mumativi eAsia nesueadarian Africa. Kutsigira ava varimi havasimudzi wenharo bedzi womutsa; iko yemari inovako inokwana nguva refu muchengeteko yezvokudya, kuchengeteka mamiriro ezvemari, uye kugadziridzwa.

Zvinetso zvinotarisana nezviduku zvakakura. Zvikamu zvakaganhurirwa kusvika kuzvinoiswa, michina yazvino uno, mabasa emari, uye misika yakavimbika zvinochengeta zviri pasi zvikuru panobvira. Kushata kwepasi, kushaikwa kwemvura, uye mitoo yemamiriro okunze inowedzera kupesana. Purogiramu dzeyamuro dzokudzimwe nyika (apo dzakagadzirwa nokushandiswa zvinobudirira) apo dzinobatsira mikahaha iyi nokugovera kurovedza basa, zvivako, uye tsigiro yemari izvo zvinoita kuti zvigone kuputsa mativi ebasa rokurima ndokuenda kundobudirira zvikuru, inotsigirwa, uye mabasa anobetsera.

Chikonzero Nei Varimi Vaduku Vachikosha Nokuda Kwechengeteko Yezvokudya Munyika Yose

Kugadzirwa Kwezvokudya Zvomunzvimbomo Nokushanda Kwazvo

Varimi vaduku ndivo musimboti wezvokudya zvomunzvimbomo munyika dzakawanda dzichiri kusimukira. Vanobereka zvirimwa zvikuru zvakadai sechibage, mupunga, mufarinya, nhunzi, zvinoumba fandesheni yezvokudya nokuda kwemabhiriyoni avanhu. Kana ava varimi vakabudirira, misika yomunzvimbomo inogoverwa zviri nani, mitengo yezvokudya inoramba iripo, uye upfumi hwomumaruwa hunokura. Nenzira yeichinetsopo kana vaduku vachirwisa kusanaya kwemvura, kumuka kwezvipembenene, kana kuti kushayikwa kwechikwereti (kuperevesa kwezvokudya nemutengo) zvinogona kuparira nhamo huru yenza.

Mukuwirirana ne Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), mapurazi maduku ane mutoro weinopfuura 70% yezvokudya zvinopedzwa munyika dzinowana mari shomasa. Ikoku kunoita kuti kubereka kuve kusingapinyinyinyinyinyinyinyinyinyiwi chaiko kwezvokudya zvenyika. Kusimbisa vana vaduku naizvozvo inzira inodhura zvikuru, inoparira kuderedza nzara nezvokudya zvinovaka muviri pamwero mukuru.

Migumisiro Yakawanda Yezvemari Nenzanga

Kupfuura zvokudya zvinobudiswa, kurima kuduku kunoparira mabasa, kutsigira zvokurarama nazvo zvomumaruwa, uye kunoderedza urombo. Munyika zhinji dzichiri kubudirira, kurima kunoshandisa 50 / 80% yevashandi, uye vanhu vaduku vanoumba vazhinjisa vanoshanda. Apo varimi vanowana mari yakawanda, vanoipedzera munharaunda yavo ne(maturusi emo, dzidzo, tarisiro youtano, uye zvinhu zvinosimbisa nzanga dzose. Vakadzi, vanoumba inodokuva hafu yavarimi vaduku mune dzimwe nyika, kazhinji kazhinji vanowana mari yavo muzvokudya zvemhuri nedzidzo yavana, vachibereka miuyo inokura.

Yamuro dzokunze idzo dzinodenha vapfumi vaduku nokudaro dzinopa mhindu dzinopfuura zvikuru mibayiro. Inovaka dzimbahwe ravanhu, inoderedza dzvinyiriro dzokutama dzamaruwa kusvikira kumabhabhani, uye inobetsera kuteramo yezvamatongerwe enyika kupfurikidza nokunangana nechimwe chezvisakiso zvikuru zverwisano: zvokudya nokushaikwa kwamanyuko.

Michina Yeyamuro Yokumwe Inosvika Vaduku

Kuwana Mbeu Dzakavandudzwa, Mabhakitiriya, uye Mabhakitiriya

Imwe yenzira dzakananga zvikurusa dzokumwe dzinobetsera nadzo vanhu vaduku kupfurikidza nokugovera kusvika kurudzi rwakakwirira rwembeu nerevo yakakwirira(driated-tolerance, disease-transidance, uye mhatsa dzakakwirira dzinopa. Masangano akadai se AGRA (Kuda kweGrouneast Revolution yeGreen muAfrica) uye International Maize and Eleast Reveloption Center (CIMMYT) anoparadzira mbeu dzakavandudzwa pedyo noutano hwevhu semicrotrientreenters. Izvi zvinoiswa zvinogona kupetwa kaviri kana kuti katatu pamiteundi pazvivararu, kupa varimi chitsara chakawanda kuti vatengesesa sezvavanodya.

Somuenzaniso, chirongwa chinotsigirwa nemari neUSAID muEthiopia chakaparadzira mhando dzechibage zvinonaya mvura kuvana vaduku 200 000. Varimi vakashandisa mbeu idzi vakashuma kuti vawedzere 30-50% kana vachienzaniswa nemhando dzegamuchidzanwa, kunyange panguva yakaoma. Kupindira kwakadaro kunoda mari inotsiviwa nemhaka yokuti mbeu dzinoda kutsiviwa nguva nenguva uye dzinofanira kubatanidzwa nokurovedzwa pamusoro pemiitiro yokusima yakanakisisa.

Kudzidziswa Unyanzvi Hunochengetedza uye Hunochengetedza Mamiriro Okunze

Zvirongwa zvokuyamura zvokudzimwe nyika zvinosimbisa zvikuru dzidzo nemibato yokuwedzera. Panzvimbo pokungopa migovewo zvayo, yamuro inobudirira inodzidzisa vaduku nzira yokuzvishandisa nayo nenzira inobudirira uye nenzira dzinochengeteka. Misoro inobatanidza kurima kwokuchengetedza (zviduku, kurima kwechipfuva), kudzora tupukanana (IPM), kukohwa mvura, kudiridza, kudiridza, uye kutenderera kwezvirimwa.

Kurovedza kunowanzoitika kupfurikidza ne “zvikoro zveminda yevhu” kana kuti zvirongwa zvokuratidzira apo vanhu vaduku vanodzidza kupfurikidza nokuita. Nzvero kubva kuCGIAR (yaichimbova Gungano Rinonzvera paInternational Agricultural Research) inoratidza kuti rovedzo yakadaro yokupa mibayiro inogona kuderedza miuyo ne 20-30% apo inoderedza ndyiko yemitengo nekuvadziko yemhoteredzo. Iyi mitoo inovakawo gadziridza tsigo mukudzivisa katyamadzo yemamiriro okunze.

Utachiona Huduku, Mapoka Okuchengetedza, uye Urongwa Hweinishuwarenzi

Kushaikwa kwedzimbahwe imhinganidzo inopfuurira kuvaduku. Havagoni kutenga mbeu, fetiraiza, kana kuti midziyo yokudiridza iri pamberi, uye kazhinji kazhinji havagoni kuwana zvikwereti zvebhangi zvapamutemo nemhaka yokushaikwa kwemibatanidzwa. yamuro yokumwe inotsigira masangano maduku anogovera zvikwereti zviduku, zvemipiro yakaderera zvikurusa zvinogadzirirwa kumiganhu yokurima. Mari yemisha uye masangano echikwereti (VSLA) ndemumwe muitiro wavose, umo mapoka avarimi anochengeta mari ndokukweretesa mumwe nomumwe pamibereko duku.

Purogiramu dzemari dzezvokurima dzakabetsera kutambanudzira chikwereti kuvapfumi vaduku vanopfuura mamirioni mashanu musuntha yeSaharan Africa. Inishuwarenzi yeIndaneti yakavakirwa paidzohvhorwa inotangwa nemashoko emamiriro okunze panzvimbo penzvero dzenzvimbo yemunda(--yakabvumikisawo kuva chipikirwa. Inodzivirira varimi pakusanaya kwemvura kwakakomba kana kuti mafashamo, inovakurudzira kuisa mari muzvikamu zvinokwirira zvikuru.

Kubudirira Mune Zvokutengesa uye Kukoshesa Maketani

Kunyange apo vanhu vaduku vanowana mari yakawanda, kazhinji kazhinji vanotarisana nedenho dzokuitengesa nenzira inobetsera. Migwagwa mishoma, kushaikwa kwenzvimbo dzokuchengetera, uye varimi vanoshandisa zvisina kufanira zvinoreva kuti varimi vanogamuchira chikamu chiduku bedzi chomutengo wokupedzisira wezvitoro. yamuro dzokudzimwe nyika dzinotaura nezveaya mabhotoro kupfurikidza nokuwanwa mari kupfurikidza nokuvaka migwagwa yomumaruwa, magisitiri, uye vagadziri vezvinhu zvinobatira pamwe izvo zvinobudiswa nokutaurirana zviri nani.

Zvikamu zvemichina zvemashoko omusika (sezvih., mutengo wezvingwa zvinoshandiswa neserura) uye mari yezvinoiswa mumabudiro zvezvirimwa zvakawedzerawo kuonga kupfurikidza neyamuro dzinodzorwa nendege. Somuenzaniso, World Food Programme ye “Foad kuMarkting Alliance” inobatanidza vanhu vaduku navatengi vetsika, inopa rovedzo yakasimba, uye inopa mishonga yokuchengeta paposi inoderedza njodzi kubva pa 30% kusvikira pasi pe5%.

Purogiramu Dzenyika Chaiyoiyo Netapuro Yadzo Inoyerwa

AGRA – Sundo Rekondinendi Rekuchinja Kwegirini

Kubvira muna 2006, AGRA yakashanda munyika 18 dzeAfrica kuti igadzirise kurima kuduku kubva pane zvemari kuenda kunzvimbo inobudirira yezvokutengeserana. Chirongwa chacho chinosanganisira kugadzira mhando dzembeu dzinoita kuti pave nerokuwedzera, kurovedza, kutsigira kugadzirwa kwepefetira, uye kusimbisa magariro. Maererano nemishumo yegore negore yeAGRA, kupindira kwainoita kwakasvika mhuri dzevarimi dzinopfuura mamiriyoni 30 uye kwakabatsira kuwedzera 60% kwemichero yezviyo mune dzimwe nzvimbo.

Vatsoropodzi vanocherechedza kuti simbiso yaAGRA pambeu dzemhute nefetiraiza yokugadzira inogona kuparira njodzi dzokutsamirana nemhoteredzo.

Purogiramu Chaiyo yeFAO nokuda Kwezvokudya Zvinochengeteka

FAO yave ichiita FAO Special Programme for Food Security (SPFS) kwemakumi emakore, ichigovera varimi vashomanene munyika dzinopfuura 100 vachibatsirwa neunyanzvi, zvinoiswa mumitemo, uye zvikavharwa mumisika. Purogiramu yacho inosimbisa kuronga kuisa padivi rezvikamu zvemibhedha uye kupindira pamwe chete. MuBangladesh, zvirongwa zveSFSFS zvakadzidzisa vanhu vaduku kurima miriwo mukati memwaka wemvura ichishandisa mibhedha nemhedzi inokwira, zvichiwedzera daro rokuwedzera kubereka nokuwedzera zvokudya zvemhuri.

Kunzvera kweSPFS kunoratidza mhindu dzechibereko dzinowirirana 30-50% pakati pemhuri dzinotora rutivi, pamwe chete nemhatsa yezvokudya yakavandudzwa (zvikurukuru nokuda kweVitamin A nesimbi zvinodyiwa). Ndyiko yepurogiramu paimba imwe chete ine mari yakaderera( kazhinji kazhinji pasi pe $200) inoiita rudzi rweyamuro inodhura zvikuru.

Dyisa Nguva Yemberi – Kutanga Kwehurumende yeUnited States Munyika Yose

Hurumende yeUnited States Inopa Zvokudya remangwana Nhaka ndeimwe yepurogiramu hurusa dzeyamuro dzezvokurima, ichishanda munyika 12. Kufambira mberi kwayo mukurima kunowirirana nezvokudya zvinovaka muviri, kuenzana kwevarume nevakadzi, uye kusimba kwemamiriro okunze. Pakati pa2010 ne2020, Kudyisa Nguva Yemberi yakashumwa kusvika kumhuri duku dzinopfuura mamiriyoni 23, kuderedza urombo ne28% munzvimbo dzinodiwa, uye kukwidziridza mari neavhareji ye $50 pagore.

Rubudiriro rukuru rwuri muGhana, umo purogiramu yakasimudzira mhatsa dzakavandudzwa dzecowpea nevhunut, pamwe chete noruzivo rwokuchengeta pashure pokukohwa. Vaduku vakashandisa iyi miitiro vakaona kuparadzwa kwavo kuchiderera kubva pa 20% kusvikira ku5%, uye micheto yavo yemisika yakakwira ne 40%. Nhamburiko yakatsigirawo mari yavakadzi yakabvumira varimi vechikadzi kubhadharisa nyika ndokubhadharisa basa vari voga.

Zvinetso Zvinogara Zvichivapo uye Nei Dzimwe Gadziriro Dzichikundikana

Kutsigira Kusagadzikana Nejeri Renguva Pfupi

Chimwe chezvipingamupinyi zvinokosha zvikuru zvokubatsira vaduku mune dzimwe nyika zvinoshanda inguva pfupi, inotsamira pakutsigira basa. Zvipo zvamakore akawanda zvinowanzotsiviwa nezvitsva, zvichisiya varimi vasingapfuuridziri. Somuenzaniso, basa remakore mashanu rinorovedza varimi kurima mukuchengetedza ringaguma sezvo vari kugona unyanzvi hutsva, kana chirongwa chapashure chokutanga kubva pakukuvara nemitoo yakasiyana.

Nyanzvi dzekubudirira dzakaraira nokuda kwemipinduriro yemari mirefu yapamari yaibvira (makore 10 kusvikira ku 15) kuwirirana nenguva inodikanwa kuchinja zvikuru miitiro yokurima. Mushumo 2021 kubva ku CD[ wakataura kuti 15% bedzi yezvibvumirano zvokuyamura zvokurima zvakanga zviri nokuda kwezvirongwa zvinogara makore anopfuura mashanu, nhamba iyo inoda kukurumidza kumuka.

Kusakwanisa Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika Nouori

Gadziriro dzeyamuro duku dzinoshanda mune dzimwe nyika dzenyika dzinoda kuparara. Kupesana kunodzongonyedza ungetani, kuparadza mafashoni, uye nzvimbo dzokurima. Munyika dzakadai seSouth Sudan, Yemen, uye nharaunda yeSahel, yamuro dzokunze dzinofanira kupiwa nemitoo yekurumidziro, zvichiita kuti kukura kwemichero yenguva refu kusabvire. Uori hunotsausawo pfuma yejenanzi nefetiraivha yaiitirwa varimi zvingatengeswa pamisika yematema kana kuti kutengeswa nevakuru vakuru vemo.

Kuderedza ngozi idzi, vapi vanoshandisa nenzira inowedzera mitoo ye “cash-plus”: kutumira mari zvakananga kuvarimi kwakabatanidzwa nokurovedza uye namakambani omusika. Ikoku kunoderedza mikana yeuori (sezvo mari inosvika vagamuchiri vanodikanirwa kupfurikidza nemari inofambiswa nemotokari) uye kunopa varimi chinjika kuti vasarudze zvavanoda.

Kuchinja Kwemamiriro Okunze – Ngozi Ichavapo

Kunyange zvirongwa zveyamuro zvakasanosanogadzirwa zvinorwisana nokuwedzera kwetapuro dzomugariro wokunze. Kusanaya kwemvura kwakawanda uye kwakakomba, mafashamo, uye dzvuru zvinoparadza zvirimwa nokuparadza ivhu. Maperembudzi nehosha zviri kupararira munzvimbo itsva. Zviduku, izvo kazhinji kazhinji zvinorima nzvimbo ine mvura inonaya mvura yakawanda ine chinodzoso chiduku, ndizvo zvinotapukira zvikurusa.

Yamuro dzokunze dziri kupindura kupfurikidza nokuisa mari mumhatsa dzinochinja mamiriro okunze, gadziriro dzokunyevera dzapakuvamba, uye mari yengwavaira. Asi mari inopindwa nokuda kwezvirimwa inoramba isingasviki zvikuru nejeri(chikamu chiduku chezvinodikanwa). World Bank inofungidzira kuti nyika dzichiri kubudirira dzinoda inenge mabhiriyoni $70 pagore kuti dzichinjire mamiriro okunze, nepo kuyerera kwazvino uno kuri pasi pemabhiriyoni $10.

Kutungamirira Kwomunguva Yemberi – Kuongorora Mabasa

Kubatanidzwa Kwemari Neboka Ravanhu Vasina Kubatanidzwa

Kuvhara mukaha wemari, masangano ebudiriro ari kunzvera mari yakavhengana yemari yakarongwa nejekiseni yemari yemari inobhadharwa nevoruzhinji. Somuenzaniso, mari yevimbiso inotsigirwa neUSAID ingabvumira bhangi rezvokutengeserana kukweretesa kubatira pamwe navarimi pamwero wemhindu yakaderera. Mitengo yakadaro inogona kuwedzera tapuro yemari yeyamuro imwe neimwe apo inenge ichigadzira misika yechikwereti.

Zvikwata zvakabatana namakambani ane chubhu zviri kukurawo. Vashandisi vemakombiyuta, makambani efoni, uye masatellite zviri kupa mabasa akadai semazasi evhu, kunzvera zvinouraya, uchokwadi hweinishuwarenzi (hwuya hwainyanyodhura nokuda kwavaridzi vaduku. Ruyamuro rwokunze runogona kuisa aya mabasa pakutanga, ipapo kuchinja kumifanikiso yemisika.

Kubatanidzwa Mukutonga Nokuva Murimi

Chimwe chirongwa chinovimbisa kuchinja kugadzirwa kwemarongerwo ezvirongwa zvokuyamura. Panzvimbo pe “nyanzvi” dzinotaura mhinduro, kubvunza nzanga uye vashandi vomumapurazi vanopiwa simba rokuita zvisarudzo pamusoro pezviripo, kurovedza, uye zvinhu zvinokosha kuti zvive zvinokosha. Uku kuwedzera kushanda uye kutenga, kuderedza ngozi yokurasa.

Kubudirira kwe “Forming Systems for Nutrition” muZambia, yakatsigirwa neUK’s Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office, kunoratidza nheyo yacho. Vatsvakurudzi vakashanda zvikuru nevaduku kuti vazive zvokudya zvinovaka zvokudya uye ipapo kupindira kwakagadzirwa pamwe chete: kurovedza kupfuudza huku kuti dzipfuure mazai pedyo nepurogiramu yepamusha. Chirongwa chacho chakaona kuderera kwevana ne 14% mumisha inotora rutivi mukati mamakore matatu.

Kusvuta Kwepwere uye Kufambidzana Nemadhigirii

Nevanhu vari kukwegura varima munharaunda dzakawanda, kukwezva nokushongedzera varimi vaduku kunokosha nokuda kwezvokudya zvenguva refu. Zvirongwa zvokuyamura kunze kwenyika zvava kutanga kurovedza pwere nedzidzo yemapurazi evhu, kusvika kuminda miduku kupfurikidza nezvirongwa zvokudzimisa, uye mabasa okutengesa pafoni. MuNigeria, “Weth in Agriculture” purogiramu, inotsigirwa neAfrican Development Bank, inogovera mahwendefa emikari ezvirimwa ane michina yerimwa ne10 000 kuvarimi vaduku, inovabatanidza navatengi neIndasi.

Kudzidza nefoni nemagetsi zvinoramba zviri zvishoma mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzomumaruwa, asi zviri kutowedzera. Sezvo kufambidzana kuri kuwedzera, kurovedza kunobva mumaserura, kufungidzira mamiriro okunze, uye masangano ezvemari angagona kuchinja - chinja ($apo mapurogiramu okuyamura anosimbisa mukana unowirirana wevakadzi nemhuri dzine urombo.

Mhedziso – Yamuro Sechipfuva, Kwete Chinotambudza

yamuro yokumwe haigoni kupedza zvinetso zvose zvinotarisana navarimi vaduku, kana kuti kuparira rutsamiro rwechigarire. Purogiramu dzinobudirira zvikurusa dzinoshanda sezvinonyandura dzimbahwe rokutanga, zivo, uye tsigiro yezvirongwa izvo zvinobvumira varimi kuva vanozvida vamene, vatori rutivi vanobudirira muupfumi hunofadza hwomunharaunda. Padzinoitwa zvakanaka, yamuro inoderedza nzara, inoderedza mari, uye inosimbisa nzanga mukurwisana nekatyamadzo yomunguva yemberi.

Ufakazi hwakajeka: kuisa mari mukurima kudzoresa kumwe kwegadziriro dzakakwirira zvikurusa dzokuwana Sustainable Development Zomhespection, zvikurukuru Zero Hunger (SDG 2) naNo Poverty (SDG 1). Rubudiriro runoda kuti zvidiwe zvisare, mari inochinjika, uye kuzvipira kuisa manzwi avarimi pakati pevanorima. Sezvo dzvinyiriro dzemamiriro okunze anowedzera navagari vepasi zvinokura, basa reyamuro yokumwe mukusimbisa vapfumi vaduku richangova bedzi rakakomba zvikuru. Kupfurikidza nokupfuurira kudzidza, kugadziridza, uye kuenzanisa mabasa, nzanga yenyika yose inogona kubetsera varimi vaduku vari mumi vezvokudya kupinda mumichina yezvokudya zvinochengeteko yezvokudya nebudiriro nokuda kwavose.