Kukumbira Sechinodzivirira Zvisingabvi Muzvinhu Zvomuzvarirwo

Kwamazana amakore, vagari vemo vakatendeukira kumikumbiro semutoo wetsika kuraira chiito chinobva kuna avo vane simba. Hapana apo iyi tsika inokosha zvikuru kupfuura mukudzivirira pfuma yomusikirwo. Kuvambira pamiti yakare kusvikira kumvura dzamahombekombe azvino uno, zvikumbiro zvakavhara mukaha pakati peitiro hanya yavose nemhinduro yehurumende. Vanoshandura kunetseka kunoparadzirwa kuva kunokosha kwakabatana, kumanikidza vagadziri vemitemo kuti vawi vawirirane nechido chavanhu. Nepo chikumbiro icho choga choga chichingoponesa rwizi kana kuti sango, kazhinji kazhinji chinobatira sechokutanga chezvinoitika zvinotungamirira kumutemo, kuchengetedzwa, kana kuti zvibvumirano zvamarudzi ose. Kunzwisisa kuti izvi zviri kushanda sei, kuzviita nenzira inobudirira nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi akatsaudzirwa kudzivirira mhoteredzo.

Kunyatsotarisisa

Chikumbiro chinongova chikumbiro chakarongwa, chakanyorwa kuchiremera. Nenzira yakatokosha chikumbiro chehurumende, sangano, kana kuti sangano ramarudzi ose (chikumbiro nokuda kwechiito chakati kana kuti chinjo yemitemo). Pari pakati pacho, chishandiso chokutora rutivi nedemokrati, chinobvumira vanhuwo zvavo kubatanidza manzwi avo uye kuratidzira tsigiro yakabatana nokuda kwechisakiso. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvikumbiro zvinogona kuvambira panhepfeko dzakanyorwa namashoko dzakapfava dzepaIndaneti dzine mamirioni esiginiyo yemibatanidzwa yemichina. Zvikumbiro zvine uremuro wakasiana - sigini; dzimwe hurumende dzinodikanwa nomutemo kupindura mikumbiro inosvika pachikumbaridzo chakati chakati chezvisaini. Kunyange zvakadaro, zviito zvavo zvechipameso uye simba rezvamatongerwe enyika kazhinji kazhinji zvinopfuura mugariro wazvo, zvikurukuru apo zvinobatanidzwa nezvinobudisa nhau.

Mavambo Enhau Muzvakatipoteredza

Kushandiswa kwemikumbiro nokuda kwedziviriro yezviwanikwa yazvino uno isati yavapo. Muzana ramakore rechi19, vagari vemo munyika dzinoverengeka vakapa zvikumbiro zvokuchengetedza nyika dzavose, kumisa kuparadzwa kwemiti, uye kudzivirira manyuko emvura. Somuenzaniso, muUnited States, vachengetedzi vapakuvamba vakashandisa mikumbiro kukurudzira Congress kuisa parations kuti ichengete nyika nokuda kwemipaka yerudzi, zvichitungamirira kukutangwa kweYellowstone National Park muna 1872. Nenzira yakafanana, muUnited Kingdom, kukumbira kuita basa mukurwisa kushatiswa kworwizi mukati mekubudirira. Idzi dzapakuvamba dzakatanga nzira: zvikumbiro zvinoshanda senzvimbo zvinodzorwa zvemifungo yetsika yavose, kupa pamutemo kumidziro yevhu inodzorwa nenzira isiri yapamutemo nefariro dzakasimba.

Simba Rezvikumbiro Mukudzora Kwakatipoteredza

Kushanda kwechikumbiro hakusi mukusaina chete, asi munhoroondo yachinoparira. Chikumbiro chakasanogadzirwa chinova nhau yemhoteredzo sechokukurumidzira, chakananga, uye chinodzorwa. Uku kudzokororwa kunogona kuchinja hurukuro yavose, kuisa dzvinyiriro pavanoita zvisarudzo, uye kusimudzira simba nokuda kwenhimbe dzakakura. Apo chikumbiro chinopa zviuru kana kuti mamirioni ezvisaini, chinova nhau. Varedhia vanopfuudza shoko racho, vachimanikidza chipfuudzo chebasa rehurumende kana kuti sangano renyika dzakawanda (*) kupindura pachena. Kunyange apo chikumbiro chinenge chisati chichisvitsa nharidzano dzacho dzapamhiko dzapamhiko, chinogona kudzidzisa vatsigiri, kugadzira ndaza yezvo, uye purogiramu yemisiriro yemisiriro, uye kuisa mashoko nokuda kwechiito chepamutemo.

Zvikumbiro Zvinobudirira Zvakachinja Muitiro Wemhoteredzo

Kukumbira zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokosha kwakabatsira zvakananga kudzivirira zvinhu zvakasikwa.

  • Chikumbiro cheAmazon chamusango chikuru [2020-201]: Tsutukwa yamarudzi ose pamusoro pokuwedzera kutemwa kwemiti muBrazil yakatungamirira kuchikumbiro chepaIndaneti chakaunganidza zvisaini zvinopfuura mamiriyoni maviri. Nepo chisina kumisa nokukurumidza kutema miti, chakamanikidza hurumende yeBrazil kugamuchira tarisiro yamarudzi ose uye chakaparira kuderera kwechinguvana muteshi wokutema miti munharaunda dzakati. Chikumbiro chakawedzerwawo mari inobhadharwa nokuda kwavatakuri vemo vomunyika.
  • chengeta Whales Relects (1970s-1998s)[[FLT: 1] nhevedzano yemikumbiro kuInternational Whaling Commission (IWC) nehurumende dzamarudzi zvakabetsera kubvisa murangariro wavanhu mukurwisana nerole yezvokutengeserana. Iyi mikumbiro, yakabatanidzwa nedzinokweva, yakatungamirira kuhrona yeIWC ya 1986 pamichina yezvokutengeserana, iyo ichiripo nhasi.
  • Great Barrier Reef Protections (204-2017)[FLT: Zvikumbiro zvakarongwa namapoka emhoteredzo zvakakurudzira hurumende yeAustralia kurambidza kuraswa kwetsvina pedyo nerack. Nhimbe yakaunganidza mazana ezviuru zvezvisaini ndokubetsera kuchisarudzo chehurumende kurambidza kuraswa kwakadaro muGreat Barrier Marine Park.
  • , paMicrobeads (2017)[FLT: 1]: Kukumbira kwemutengi kunonangidzira makambani akadai seProcer & Gamble naJohnson & Johnson, pamwe chete nezvikumbiro zvemitemo muUnited States neCanada, zvakatungamirira kukugadzirwa kwemicrobeads dzepurasitiki muzvigadzirwa zvezvishandiso zvomunhu oga. Iyi inopesvedzera Microad-Free Waters Act ye 2015 muU.S.

Mienzaniso iyi inoratidza izvi: Kukumbira hakuwanzoshandi uri woga, kunobatsira chaizvo kana uine vanhu vaunogara navo vanokukurudzira kuti uite zvimwe zvinhu, kana uine zvinetso zvepamutemo, uchiramba, uye uchishamwaridzana nemasayendisiti kana kuti nevanhu vaunogara navo.

Zvaungaita Kuti Unyatsokumbira Kuti Udzivirirwe

Kunyora chikumbiro chinofambisa tsono yacho kunoda zvinopfuura kukumbira kwemirangariro. Kuronga kwakarongwa, zvibvumikiso zvemashoko zvakadzorwa, uye kuisa mashoko parutivi chaikoiko zvinokosha. Hezvino matanho makuru, akakudzwa kubva kuzvinhu zvikuru:

Rondedzera Kubvunza Kwako Chaiko

Chikumbiro chisina kujeka chanzi “sandura mhoteredzo”." inonatsa chiito chaichoicho chinodikanwa. Panzvimbo pezvo, taura chiito chinodikanwa. Somuenzaniso:“ Kuramba Guru reMbimbi reMbimbi remvumo yeHeadwaters Forest" kana kuti“ Demand kuti Acme Corporation irege kushandisa kwayo mafuta omuchindwe kubva kunyika yakacherwa panosvika 2025.” Kana kuri kunyanyokomberedza chipfuro, kuri nyore zvikuru nokuda kwezvitsigiriso kunzwisisa mapango nezviremera kupindura.

Uchapupu Hunotsigirwa Nahwo

Chengeta chikumbiro chako nemashoko esayenzi, ufakazi hwenyanzvi, kana kuti muenzaniso wemitemo. Inzwawo mashoko kumishumo yehurumende, zvidzidzo zvevezera rako, kana kuti zvibvumirano zvenyika dzakawanda. Somuenzaniso, kana ukakumbira kudzivirira mashoko emvura yakacheneswa, mashoko akanaka, marudzi ari mungozi, uye gadziriro dzakakodzera muGaratidzo reChene Water kana kuti mutemo wakafanana. Izvi hazvisizvo zvinosimbisa kupikisa kwako asiwo zvinodzivirira pakupomera kwokushandisa pfungwa.

Nyora Mubvunzo, Chiito Chinoziviswa

Mashoko okukumbira anofanira kuzarura nechirevo: rondedzero yakajeka yechiri padanda rinonyangarika , marudzi emhuka ari mungozi, mvura yokunwa yenzanga yakatyisidzirwa nokushatiswa. Ipapo taura chinetso, chigadziro chakarongwa, chiito chakananga chaunoda. Shandisai noushingi kana kuti zvakasimba [[FLT] inosimbisa zvishoma nokuda kwenzvimbo dzinokosha. Chengeta ndima pfupi. Igumai nokukumbira kwakajeka kuti uite chiito uye nguva kana zvakakodzera.

Sarudza Platform Yakarurama

Madhipatimendi akaita kuti kukumbira kusvikire munyika yose. Guhindura. org uye Awaz ndiwo akakurumbira zvikurusa munhimbe dzemhoteredzo yenyika yose. Zvisinei, funga kushandisa website yenhimbe kana kuti chishandiso chokukumbira chine chokuita nenzvimbo yesangano rako. Kukumbira kwemapepa kunoramba kuchirema kana kuchipiwa kumadare eguta kana kuti masangano omunzvimbomo. Hybrid anosvika /online siginelset properson readrom.

Shandisa Chinoparadzirwa

Sangano rimwe harigoni kugadzira chirongwa chine chidimbu chechiratidzo choga. Vashandi pamwe chete: mapoka ekwavanogara, zvikoro, nzanga dzokutenda, mabhizimisi, uye vakurudzire kugoverana chikumbiro chacho kupfurikidza nemikoto yavo vamene. Shandisa kushambadzira kwenzanga kunoitirwa nzvimbo dzinotapurwa zvikurusa nenhau yacho. Zviziviso zvokuwedzera nguva dzose nemishumo yefambiro mberi uye runhare kuti vagoveranezve chikumbiro chacho.

Ramba Uchidzvinyirira Pashure Pokuzviisa Pasi

Kupa chikumbiro hachisi chitsama. Kupa chirevo. (notopa fotomu) kana kuti vhidhiyo yebudiso kuvakuru vakuru, budisa chinobudisa nhau, uye nyora mashoko okuonga. Kana chiremera chikaramba kupindura, kuwedzera: tsvaka kubhadharwa kwechinobudisa nhau, endesa mvumo yehurumende, kubatanidza ratidziro yavose, kana kuti tanga chikumbiro chechipiri chichiva chepfuudzira mukuru mukuru mukuru. Kristin anotenderwa.

Kuchinja Kwezvikumbiro

Internet yakashandura kukumbira. Kukumbira kumwe kwakanyatsogadzirwa paIndaneti kunogona kusvika mazana ezviuru zvavanhu mukati mamazuva, kupfuudza vachengeti vemagedhi ezviteshi. Platforms se Transent.org ine zviuru zvezvikumbiro zvezvakatipoteredza panguva ipi neipi, kufukidza misoro yepurasitiki kudzivirira masango. Kureruka kwokusainwa kwemapurasitiki (kazhinji) kuridza kutsenga kubatanidzwa, kuchiita kuti pave netsigiro yakafara, yakasiyana. Kukumbira kwemichina kunoparirawo mashoko anokosha: mazita echidhindo, nzvimbo, uye dzimwe nguva kugovera, uko varongi vanogona kushandisa nokuda kwokuwana munguva yemberi.

Zvisinei, zvikumbiro zvemichina zvine miganhu. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti “clivis” kana kuti pertivis) uko vanhu vanorangarira kuti vakabatsira kupfurikidza nokusaina pasina kuita chimwezve chiito chakadai sokuderedza kuvimbisana chaikoiko. Kudzivisa izvi, zvikumbiro zvinobudirira zvepaIndaneti nezviito zvepasiri paIndaneti zvinoshanda: kukoka vamiririri kuti vapinde musangano, kana kuti vapinde musangano womunzanga. Masangano ane simba zvikurusa anobatanidza zvose zviri zviviri kubatanidzwa chaizvoizvo nomuviri.

Fundo Yenhau: Kurwisa Kushandiswa Kwepurasitiki Imwe

Kubvira muna 2015 zvichienda mberi, zvikumbiro zvakawanda zvepaIndaneti zvakanangidzira hurumende namasangano kurambidza kana kuti kuderedza mapurasitiki anoshandiswa. Zvakabudirira zvikurusa zvakanga zviri izvo zvakabatanidza utano hwomunhu oga (microplastics mumvura), muuyo wemhuka (mhembwe dzegungwa), uye nharo dzemari (ndyiko dzinochenesa), izvi zvichibva pamamirioni, zvichigovera kurambidzwa kwemapurasitiki, mabhegi, uye mapepa muEuropean Union, Canada, uye U.S. Zvosero dzinoverengeka. Muna 2019, Paramende yeEurope yakagamuchirwa [[FT:0] UD] FIKSFY] , izvo zvinonongedzera kurangana kwapachena uye nhamburiko chakananga serutivi rwokuzviruramisa.

Zvikumbiro Nevanhu Vemo: Basa Rakasiyana Nemamwe

Nzanga dzemo dzeEcuador dzakashandisa kare zvikumbiro sechishandiso chokudzivirira nyika dzadzo nepfuma yomusikirwo. Kukumbira uku kunowanzova noukoshi hwakawedzerwa nemhaka yokuti kunotsigirwa nezivo huru yemhoteredzo yazvo nemutemo wamarudzi ose wekodzero dzavanhu. Somuenzaniso, vanhu veWaorani veEcuador vakashandisa chikumbiro chakaunganidza nzanga dzinopfuura 300 000 kuti vakumbire dziviriro yavo panzvimbo dzokuchera oiri. Kukumbira, kwakabatanidzwa nechiito chapamutemo nechinzwanobatana zvamarudzi ose, zvakatungamirira kudare 2019 iro rakavhara kubudisa oiri munharaunda dzakati. Nenzira yakafanana, nzanga dzechiAbbandrojisworiji muAustralia [[[FLT: 1]] dzakakumbira kuzivikanwa nokuda kwokuzivikanwa kwenzvimbo tsvene nekodzero dzemvura, kazhinji kazvinoitwa nokupfuumba kupfurikidza nokuramba kwechibvumirano.

Pakutsigira zvikumbiro zvomunzvimbomo, kunokosha kusimbisa manzwi avo noutungamiriri. Vatsigiri vasiri vakaberekerwamo vanofanira kuwedzera, kwete zvakananga, iyi nhimbe. Kuremekedza nhevedzano yetsika neuchangamire nepo vachigoverana zvikuru zvikumbiro zvinogona kuparira ukama hune simba hunodzivirira kusiyana kwezvinhu nenhaka yetsika panguva imwe chete.

Miganhu Nokutsoropodza Zvikumbiro

Pasinei zvapo nesimba razvo, zvikumbiro hazvisi mushonga. Hurumende namasangano zvinofuratira kunyange zvikumbiro zvikuru nguva dzose pakutarisana nedzvinyiriro dzezvemari kana kuti dzezvamatongerwe enyika. Chikumbiro chinoshora dhamu, somuenzaniso, chingarambwa kana chirongwa chacho chichifarikanya tsigiro yakasimba yehurumende netsigiro. Zvikumbiro zvinogonawo kushandiswa: siginicha dzenhema, maakaundi etsotsi, uye manyorero akarevererwa anosekesa kuvimbika. Vagamuchiri vemitengo vakavandudza kuwanikwa, asi ngozi inoramba iripo.

Kuwedzera kune izvi, kunyange kana kuchinja kwemitemo kukatevera chikumbiro, kusingawanzova kwakananga. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinonzi “Procetura, kuchinja kwezvemari, mishumo yesayenzi, kuongorora kwezvinobudisa nhau, kungava kwakaenzana kana kuti kune simba. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, varongi vanofanira kubata kukumbira sechinhu chimwe chete chenzira huru pane nzira yokushandisa.

Apo Zvikumbiro Zvinokundikana Nezvokudzidza

Chikumbiro chisingakwanisi kubudisa mashoko chingaratidza kuti munhu wacho haadi kutaura, kuti nyaya yacho haisi yechokwadi, kana kuti kukumbira kwacho hakuna musoro pasina kudzvinyirirwa. Pashure pokukundwa, ongorora: nguva yacho yakanga isina kutsarukana here? Tatadza here kupinda muvhoriyamu yemasangano makuru?

Kubudisa Zvikumbiro Nezvimwe Zvishandiso Zvokunyengera

Kuti zviwedzere, zvikumbiro zvinofanira kuva chimwe chezvirongwa zvakawanda zvokushandisa zvinenge zvataurwa.

  • [ : Zvikumbiro izvo zvinotaura tsigiro yavose zvinogona kusimbisa kukwirira matare kunotsvaka mirairo kana kuti kudzikamisa. Vatongi pane dzimwe nguva vanocherechedza mwero weitiro hanya yavanhu inoratidzirwa kupfurikidza nezvikumbiro.
  • Kuratidzira kwechiPuble[[[FLT: 1]: Kukumbira kunogona kuwirirana nokuramba kana kuti musangano, kuparira kuziviswa kwezvinobudisa nhau nokuratidza kuvapo chaiko kwavatsigiri.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kuvimbisana [[[FLT: 1]: Kutumira nhau kuvanyori venhau kwakavakirwa pamashoko okukumbira nenhau dzenzanga dzakatapurwa kunogona kutambanudza kusvika kupfuura mavambo okusaina.
  • Kuvhura[: Shandisa kusaina kwokukumbira sechibvumikiso apo unosangana navaiti vemitemo kana kuti vakuru vakuru vebhizimisi. Ndaza yezviuru zvavavhoti vanoitira hanya inoda ngwariro.
  • Chiito chokudzivisa[: Muzvinoitika zvisingazivikanwi, zvikumbiro zvakashandiswa kubvumira kusateerera kusiri kwamasimba masimba kwevagari vemo kupfurikidza nokuratidzira tsigiro yakafara yenzanga nokuda kwezviito zvinodzivirira.

Mutoo wokutsvaka kuwirirana unovimbisa kuti kunyange kana chikumbiro chacho chimene chikasasvitsa nharidzano yacho, kufamba kwachinovaka kunogona kupfuurira kurwa kupfurikidza nemimwe mikoto.

Kuyera Tapuro Yenyika Chaiyoiyo Yezvikumbiro

Kunyora kwaireva kuisa mitanharo kubva pakutanga. Kuwedzera pakuisa chiratidzo, funga: Kukumbira kwacho kwakatungamirira kumusangano navaiti vezvisarudzo here? Kwakava musoro wenhau kana kuti wemasangano anoshandira vanhu? Kwakatanga mhinduro yapamutemo here? Kwakabatsira kumutsa mari here? Nhando hurusa, yakabatsira here kutsigira zvinodiwa nemhoteredzo yakachengetedzwa, kubvumira kushatiswa kwakarambwa, mutemo unopfuudzwa? Kufamba kwenguva refu kwakaoma asi kuri madikanwa kuchenesa nzira. Masangano akafanana ne .org []

Kupedzisa: Kukumbira Kunokosha, Hakukwani, Kunokwana

Kukumbira kunoramba kuri nhano yokutanga inokosha mukudzivirira pfuma yomusikirwo. Inobatanidza nheyo yedemocracy yokuti vanhuwo zvavo vanogona kudenha fariro dzine simba uye kuraira kuzvidavirira. Simba ravo riri mukuva nyore kwavo: munhu upi noupi anogona kutanga, munhu upi noupi anogona kusaina, uye siginicha iri yose inomirira mugari wemo anodisa kumira nokuda kworwizi, sango, kana kuti rudzi. Asi simba ravo rechokwadi rinobuda apo vanovakirwa mumhoteredzo huru yemhoteredzo yeadvoctacy / combinate, basa rapamutemo, kurongedzerwa, uye dzvinyiriro inopfuurira.

Nokuda kwaavo vakazvipira kudzivirira zviwanikwa zvomusikirwo, chidzidzo chakajeka: tanga chikumbiro, asi usamira ipapo. Chishandise sechishandiso chokudzidzisa, kubatanidza, uye kuvaka simba. Munguva yenjodzi yemamiriro okunze uye kuparara kwezvinhu zvipenyu zvakasiyana - siyana, inzwi remamiriyoni ezvikumbiro zvinosanoiswa nezviratidzo, .Nguva yokuchengetedzwa yezvikero kupfuurira mberi. Rukundo runotevera runogona kuvamba nechikumbiro chimwe chete chinogoverwa pakati peshamwari, ipapo kutakura pamapfudzi enzanga yepasi rose yakapikirwa.