Table of Contents
Kunzwisisa Kutaurirana Somutemo Wavagari Vemo Unotsiva
Kubudisa kwakura kubva muunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa husingabvumirani kuva chinhu chikuru chetsika dzehurumende. Panzvimbo pokumanikidza vanhu kuti vapinde mudare, kubudisa nhau kunopa muitiro wakarongeka asi unochinjika apo vapfumi vasingasaruri vanobatsira vanhu namasangano kuti vagadzirire zvigadzikiso zvavo pachavo. Iyi muenzaniso unowirirana unozvidzora nokuderedza mutoro pamahotera akatozara. Chipikirwa chikuru chebumbiro renhau chinova mumano acho okushandura rwisano, kuchinja vashori kuva vatsigiri kuva zvikamu zvinonetsa.
Munzvimbo dzakawanda, kutaurirana hakuchakurudzirwi chete, kuchiri kudikanwa nhau isati yagona kutongwa. Somuenzaniso, matare eruwa eUnited States anoverengeka anoraira kutaurirwa munhau dzakati dzehurumende, uye nyika dzakadai seAustralia neUnited Kingdom dzakabatanidza kutaurirwa mumitemo yadzo yehurumende. Uku kuchinja kunoratidzira kuzivikanwa kunowedzera ikoko, nepo kuchikosha nokuda kwekakavadzano, kunowanzova kuderera, kubvisa mundangariro, uye kurambidza mune zvemari.
Kusiyana Kunoita Kubudisa Mashoko Nokunyepedzera
Kuti tinzwisise basa rezvirori, tinofanira kutanga kunzwisisa zvinhu zvazvinosiyanisa. Mutambo wero-sum: mumwe anokunda, mumwe anorasikirwa. Murevereri haapi chisarudzo; panzvimbo pezvo, anotungamirira vanhu kubvumirano inowirirana yezvinodiwa nomunhu wose. Musiyano mukuru uyu unoumba rutivi rwuri rwose rwebasa, kubva pakudhura uye panguva yokuchengetedzwa kweukama.
| Factor | Litigation | Mediation |
|---|---|---|
| Decision maker | Judge or jury | Parties themselves |
| Formality | High (rules of evidence, procedure) | Low (informal, adaptable) |
| Confidentiality | Public record (with exceptions) | Private and privileged |
| Time to resolution | Months to years | Days to weeks |
| Cost | Very high (attorney fees, experts) | Moderate to low |
| Control over outcome | Imposed by court | Negotiated by parties |
Kuumbwa Kwemitemo Mumutemo Wehurumende
Mitemo inoshanda mukati megadziriro yapamutemo inosiana nehurumende asi inogoverana nheyo dzinozivikanwa navose. MuUnited States, Mediformation Act [UMA] inogovera muenzaniso wezvikwaniriso zvakavanzika nerereveri, zvinogamuchirwa mumativi ose kana kuti mumativi enyika dzakawanda. mirau yeEuropean Union’s Mediation Directive (2008/52/EC) inosimbisa mipimo miduku yeyamuchinjikwa yemite yetsika yevagari vemo nedzero dzebhizimisi, kubatanidza kuchengetwa kwezvibvumirano zvinogarwa. Iyi mitemo inovimbisa kuti zvitevedzerwe zviri pamutemo apo inodzivirira kuperera kwebasa.
Nyika dzemitemo yavagari vemo dzakadai seGermany, France, uye Japan dzinewo miitiro yokuyananisa. Somuenzaniso, Bumbiro remitemo reFrench reCivil Procediture rinobvumira vatongi kukarakadza kutsinhirana padanho ripi neripi, uye German Mediation Act (2012) inogadza zvinodikanwa zvegweta regweta regweta. Uku kunyora kwapamutemo kunopa vanhu chivimbo chokuti kudzorwa hakusati kuri kurovanya kwomukati asi kunogamuchirwa kune miuyo inobatira pamwe.
Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvakawedzerwa
Kutora Rutivi Kwokuzvidira
Kupa chibvumirano ndechokuzvidira. Kunyange zvazvo mamwe matare angarayira vanhu kupinda chirongwa chokutanga chokuyananisa, mapati haambomanikidzwi kusvika pabvumirano. Anogona kubva panzvimbo ipi neipi ndokutevera mvumo panzvimbo pezvo. Uku kuwanda kunoderedza kudzivisa uye kunokurudzira kutenga kwezvapachokwadi. Zvisinei, kunorevawo kuti kutsigira kungakundikana kana mumwe munhu asingadi kutaurirana mukutenda kwakanaka.
Kuva Akavanzika Neropafadzo
Kuviga inzvimbo inorevererwa yokutaurirana. Zvinotaurwa mukati mezvikamu zvomunhu oga kana kuti marusando enhengo hadzigoni kushandiswa soufakazi mukutonga. Iyi dziviriro inokurudzira kurukurirano dzakajeka, dzechokwadi pasina kutya migumisiro yepashure. Mumativi mazhinjisa, varevereri vanorambidzwa kupupurira pamusoro pezviri mukati memarusaitirwo echisakiso. Matare anowanzotsigira iyi ropafadzo, kunyange zvazvo kusipo kuripo nokuda kwetyisidziro dzamasimba masimba kana kuti mubato woutsotsi unopfuurira.
Maruramiro anosimudzirwa kunzi Focus
Kupa mhaka kwamagamuchidzanwa kwakavakirwa pakodzero: masangano anotaura maruramiro apamutemo pasi pemirairo kana kuti mashoko ebvumirano. Kutora nzira yakasiana. Kunobva pachido, kureva kuti kunonzvera zvinodikanwa zvikuru, zvishuvo, uye zvinonetsa kurutivi rumwe norumwe. Somuenzaniso, mubvumirano yebhizimisi, boka ringada mari (kurudyi), asi fariro yavo chaiyoiyo ingava ukama hunopfuuridzirwa kana kuti rudungwe rutsva. Mitemo inovhura idzi fariro, inozarurira suo kumhinduro dzokugadzira dzinopfuura izvo dare ringagona kuraira.
Betsero Dzokubudisa Mashoko Mukukura Kukuru
Kushanda Kwemari Nezviwanikwa
Mitengo yemari inoshandiswa nemari yakawanda. Mitengo yemari inotengwa nenyanzvi, mibhadharo yokuwana, uye mari yedare yokupa mari inogona kukurumidza kuwedzera. Kuderedza zvikuru izvi zvinopesana. American Bar Association inoshuma kuti nhau dzinoreverera dzinopedza paavhareji iri 50 /60% pasi pemhosva dzakafanana. Mabhizimisi maduku nevanhu, mari iyi inogona kuita musiyano pakati pokufamba kubva pazvakataurwa zvakarurama uye kuwana chisarudzo chakanaka. Uyezve, kusunungura pamutemo nokuda kwemabasa oukoshinyiwa, kuchibetsera ruramisiro yose.
Kumhanya uye Kugutsikana
Madhongi anokurirwa. Mumativi akawanda, kutonga kwevagari vemo kunogona kutora mwedzi 18-36 kuti kusvike mutongo. Kudavidza kunogona kurongwa mumavhiki. Kubva pamashoko okuzarura kusvikira kubvumirano yakasainwa (inowanzotora zuva rimwe kana kuti nhevedzano yezvikamu zvezuva rimwe. Iyi nhambo inoderedza kutemwa kwemirangariro nemari pamapati uye inoabvumira kutangazve upenyu hwenguva dzose uye kushanda pasina muswe murefu wekutumira.
Kudzora Boka Nemigumisiro
Mune zvokubudisa mashoko, masangano anozvimirira muuyo. Anogona kuva nenzvimbo dzinogara dzinokurukura nhau dzakawanda panguva imwe cheteyo/financrial muripo, mufambiro womunguva yemberi, gadziriro dzakavanzika, kukumbira ruregerero, kana kuti gadziriro dzebhizimisi dzinobatira pamwe. Mutongi anoganhurirwa kukukuvadza kwemari kana kuti kuyamura; varevereri vanobetsera masangano kuronga zvisarudzo zvinowirirana nemigariro yavo yechienzi. Uku kuzvitonga kunowedzera gutsikano. Zvidzidzo zvinobva ku Horo yeNegotiation Project [ inoratidza kuti zvibvumirano zvokuteerera zvinowana mwero mukuru kupfuura matare-apoka anonzwa kuti magadzi anoitwa mumashoko.
Kuchengetedzwa Kwoukama
Kuparadza kunokuvadza. Mitemo inokuvadza ruvimbo, rwisano inowedzera, uye zvisungo zvinoparadzana. Kupesana, mukupesana. Mukakavadzano dzemhuri . Kwakadai sechatanuro, kuchengetwa kwavana, kana kuti tarisiro yavakuru (kudzorwa kwemibatanidzwa) kunobetsera kuchengeta ukama pakati pavabereki kana kuti mitezo yemhuri yakawedzerwa. Mugadziriro dzezvokutengeserana, inogona kuponesa ukama hwebhizimisi, ukama hwevatengesi, uye batano dzebasa izvo zvingaparadzwa nomuedzo wavose. Muitiro webatira pamwe chete unodzidzisa masangano okukurukurirana nenzira inobudirira, unyanzvi hunovabetsera kwenguva refu pashure pomugumo wezvitepfekedzo.
Kugadzirisa Zvinhu: Kufamba Kwakakwana
Kugadzirira
Kutaurirana kunobudirira kunotanga kare mativi asati agara pamwe chete. Rutivi rumwe norumwe runofanira kuunganidza magwaro akakodzera (mapepa, maemail, marekodhi emari) ndokuziva chisarudzo charwo chakanakisisa kubvumirano yakaitwa (BATNA). Kuziva BatNA yako inogovera kurapika nokujeka. MaAttorney anowanzobetsera vatengi kugadzirira pfupi yakanyorwa yegadziro nendaza yezvingabvira. Murevereri angakumbirawo kutaura kwapamberi pokutevedzera kuti vanzwisise nhau huru. Vamwe vareve vanoumba misangano yokutanga yenhare kuti vaise mitemo yevhu uye vajekese mashoko anobvira.
Kutaura Kwokuzarura Nokuronga Nhaka
Murevereri anovamba kupfurikidza nokutsanangura muitiro wacho, kusimbisa zvakavanzika, uye kugadza mitemo yapachivande (zvisingadzongonyedzi, ruremekedzo nokuda kwamanzwi ose). Ipapo boka rimwe nerimwe rinopa kutaura kwokuzarura (kazhinji kazhinji 5-10 minutes) kuratidzira murangariro waro. Uku hakusati kuri kutaura kwapamutemo asi inhau yegakava mumurangariro wavo. Murevereri anoteerera nokushingaira, anongotaura namamwe mapfundo makuru, uye anosimbisa mirangariro pasina kutora rutivi. Iyi teji inoumba mashoko anovakavaka uye inogona kubudisa mashoko asati ataurwa kare.
Kukurukurirana Kwakabatana Nokuongorora Zvinonakidza
Pashure pekutaura kwokuzarura, murevereri anobatsira kukurukurirana. Vangabvunza mibvunzo yakapfuudzwa: “Chii chingava mugumisiro wakanaka kwauri?” kana kuti“ Chii chiri itiro hanya inokosha zvikurusa yaunayo?” Iyi kurukurirano inobetsera kubvisa kurukurirano panzvimbo (“Ndinoda $10,000”) kufariro (ndinoda kufukidza mari inorasika ndokuvimbisa kuti ikoku hakuitikizve”). Murevereri angabatanidzazve kutaura kwakaipa, kuparadzira rwisano, uye kukurudzira kurukurirano yakananga pakati pemabato.
Macaucuse Epachivande (Shuttle Diplomacy)
Zvichida chishandiso chinokosha zvikurusa mudanho icaucus yapachivande. Murevereri anosangana nenzira yakaparadzana nebato rimwe nerimwe (negweta ravo) kuti anzvere misoro inotapura, zvikarakadzo zvebvunzo, uye zvisarudzo zvendangariro. Mucaucus, vanhu vanogona kutaura norusununguko pamusoro peutera muchinoitika chavo, kuita mirangariro, kana kuti kudisa kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira. Mitsetse yemashoko inodzokororwa namashoko, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji inopa bvumirano inobvira (ZoPA) inouya. Kaucres ichivadious ndechakavanzika chose chose; murevereri haazati anozivisa mashoko akagoverwa pasina mvumo.
Kugadzikisa uye Zvinetso
Kana fariro dzangonzwisiswa bedzi, murevereri anobetsera mabato kuvamba nokuyera zvisarudzo. Uku kukarakadza kunoitwa, kudzorwa, uye kunatswa. Murevereri anoramba achinangidzira kurukurirano pamhinduro dzinoshanda panzvimbo pezvigumbu zvakapfuura. Vangashandisa unyanzvi hwokufungidzira, zviitiko, kana kuti mipimo yedonzo (ukoshi hwemaindasitiri) kuendesa kumusoro. Shiviriro nokupfuurira zvinokosha; kutsunga kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji nokufunga kwokufunga.
Kugumisa Chibvumirano
Apo vatsigiri vanosvika bvumirano, murevereri wavo anoita chibvumirano chokugarwa. Ichi chinyorwa chinofanira kuva chakajeka, chakananga, uye chinobatanidza mashoko ose anooneka: zvitsama zvemari, mipimo yenguva, zviito zvomunguva yemberi, gadziriro dzakavanzika, uye zvisarudzo zvechisarudzo. Chibvumirano chinosainwa navose vari vaviri uye chinosungisa pamutemo. Mumitemo mizhinjisaro, chinomanikidzirwa mudare kufanana nechimwe chibvumirano chipi nechipi. Dzimwe ziviro dzinobudisa mipimo yenzwisiso inogona kurongwa.
Zvinetso uye Zvandisingakwanisi Kuita
Simba Rinodzika Mamirire Ezvinhu Nefunganyo Dzomumba
Kuparwa kwemijeresa kunoshanda zvakanakisisa apo masangano anenge ane simba rakaenzana. Kana rutivi rumwe rune zviwanikwa zvikuru zvemari, kurongeka kwapamutemo, kana kuti kugadziriswa kwemirangariro, muitiro wacho unogona kukatyamadzwa. Muzvinoitika zvinobatanidza masimba omumba, kusadzikamiswa kwamasimba makuru, kana kuti kusashanda zvakanaka kwendangariro, zvingava zvisina kukodzera. Purogiramu zhinji dzekurukurirano nokuda kweidzi nhau uye inoda dziviriro dzakadai semakamuri akaparadzana, vatsigiri vanotsigira, kana kuti dhisikinyo kana kusagona kururamiswa.
Kushaikwa Kwokuwana Nokuziva Zvakatangwa Nepamutemo
Mumhiko, mapati anogona kumanikidzana kubudisa magwaro nemhinduro. Kubvunzurudza hakuwani kuwanikwa uku kwetsika. Nepo vanhu vanogona kutaurirana mashoko anokosha nokuzvidira, mubatanidzwa anganyima maidi anokosha. Ikoku kunogona kutungamirira kuzvibvumirano zvakavakirwa pamashoko asina kukwana. Zvisinei, varevereri vane unyanzvi vanokurudzira kujeka, uye vamwe vanozowana kuti kusiiwa kwezvinhu gare gare vangadenha kubvumirana kwacho pazvikonzero zvokunyengera kana kuti chikanganiso. Mukuwedzera, kubudisa mashoko hakusii muenzaniso wapamutemo; nhau imwe neimwe inopedzwa mukuva yogaro, uko kungava chikanganiso nokuda kwaavo vanotsvaka nheyo yemitemo yemitemo.
Haana Kukodzera Kupokana Kwose
Dzimwe nharo dzinoda chiremera chedare (somuenzaniso, zvisarudzo zvokubvisa mhaka, mibvunzo yebumbiro remitemo, kana kuti nhau umo mubato unoda nyaradzo yekare. Kuyananisawo apo mumwe mubato asingadi kukurukura mukutenda kwakanaka kana kuti kushandisa muitiro wacho kunonotsa) Nhau dzapamutemo kana kuti nhau dzinobatanidza zvirango zvemitemo dzingavawo dzakakodzera zviri nani nokuda kwokupa murairo. Kunyange zvakadaro, matare mazhinji zvino anopa dzimba dzedare umo kumira kwokutanga, nedare revo.
Zvinodiwa Nomurevereri Nemipimo
Unyanzvi hwomurevereri hunotapura zvikuru miuyo. Nepo zvikwaniriso zvenyanzvi zvikurusa zvichisiana, varevereri vazhinjisa vakakwana mapurogiramu okurovedza (murevere, 40 wamaawa makuru ezviteshi zvemikoto) uye kunamatira kumitemo yetsika yakadai se Mipimo yeChitayera yeMutsigiri weVareveri (inotenderwa nenzira inobvumiranwa naAAA, uye ACR). Iyi mipimo inofukidza kusatora rutivi, kubvumirana kworuzivo, uye kusasarura. Magariro mazhinji anoda kuti varevereri vabati vabati vabati vabati nokuda kwenhau dzebasa (g., mhuri, basa, basa) uye magariro.
Mimwe Mitemo Yokutsiva Dispute Resolution Mitoo
Mediation inowanzoenzaniswa nearbitration, mumwe mutoo wakakurumbira weADR. Mune arbitration, mumiririri wedare renyika anonzwa ufakazi ndokupa chisarudzo chinosunga. Mediation haisati iri inosungisa kutoti chibvumirano chasvikwa. Meditration iimwe nzira inopfuura kudzorwa kwemitongo netsika, yakafanana nokutonga kwapachivande. Mimwe mitoo inobatanidza mutemo webatira pamwe (masangano namagweta anonyoresa kugata pasina kuchinjika), kuyera kwokusatora rutivi, uye mabudiro maduku. Mediation inochengetedza boka ravanhu mukudzora nokupa kutendeseka nokuviga.
| Method | Type | Outcome | Control |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mediation | Facilitative | Negotiated agreement | High (parties) |
| Arbitration | Adjudicative | Binding award | Low (arbitrator) |
| Collaborative law | Interest-based | Settlement contract | High (parties with counsel) |
| Litigation | Adversarial | Court judgment | None (judge/jury) |
Mazano Anoshanda Pakunyora Mashoko Anobudirira
- [[[FT:0] Gadzirira kwazvo. Nzwisisa zvaunofarira, BATNA yako, uye maidi enhau yacho. Goveranai magwaro anokosha pachine nguva mberi.
- Sarudza murevereri wakarurama. Tsvaka mumwe munhu ane unyanzvi hwenhau uye mutoo unowirirana nezvinodikanwa zvako (mav. anokunatsa).
- [[FT:0] Uya uine ndangariro yakazaruka.[[FT:1] Kuda kupedza chinetso, kwete kuhwina. Iva anoda kuteerera nokunzvera zvisarudzo zvokusika.
- [ vaiti vechisarudzo chechikamu. inoita kuti munhu ane chiremera agare aripo kana kuti anowanika norunhare.
- [ Kudzorwa kwemirangariro. Kunzwa kunogona kuva kwemirangariro. Vonera mirangariro asi ramba ukatarira mberi.
- Chinyore. Iva nechokwadi chokuti chibvumirano chipi nechipi chinoderedzwa kuva gwaro rakasainwa, rinomanikidzirwa usati wasiya rusando.
Nguva Yemberi Yokubatanidzwa Mumutemo Wavagari Vemo
Gadziriro kugadziriro yemibatanidzwa inopfuurira kupfuurira. Zvikamu zvemibatanidzwa zvekurukurirano yapakombiyuta zvakaita kuti kugadziridzwa kwemitemo yetsika dzakaderera nekakavadzano dzinodzorwa nedzinopesana kuve nyore. Ungwaru hwokuita zvinhu zvinobatsira zvino kunzvera mitoo yekurukurirano uye kukarakadza mashoko anobvira. Zvikoro zvakawanda zvemitemo zvinopa makiriniki okuyananisa, uye nhamba inokura yemasangano anoda kurovedzwa kwegweta idzva. Sezvo matare anova anowedzera chiteshiwo chezviwiro chemitengo uye mapoka anokumbira nokukurumidza, ruramisiro yakachidhura ichava bedzi nhenete kumite kutsika dzemitemo yevagari vemo munyika yose. [[FLT:][FLT]] Marudzi [FLD:1] akaziva ukoshingamira mberi kweADR mukuwana kusvika kupfurikidza neSangano yeCemediation Mediactedment]
mhedziso
Mibatanidzwa ine nzvimbo inokosha mumutemo wevagari vemo, ichipa nzira isingarwisani, inoshanda zvikuru, uye pakupedzisira inova inoyananisa zvikuru kupfuura rondedzero yegamuchidzanwa. Kupfurikidza nokunangidzira ngwariro pafariro panzvimbo pekodzero, kuchengeta ukama, uye kupa simba vanhu kuti vagadzirire zvigadzikiso zvavo vamene, kutaurirana kwezvisakiso zverwisano panzvimbo pokungorangana. Nepo isina kukodzera nokuda kwenhau dzose, betsero dzadzo dzinoda kugadziridzwa, kumhanya, vhudziro, uye jhizha rokudzora (8) kuchiiita chishandiso chinokosha nokuda kwavanhu, mabhizimisi, uye masangano emitemo. Sezvo basa repamutemo rinopfuurira kushandura, basa rokutsiva, kupfuurirazve, gadziriro inotonga iyo inogumisa kwete simba rokutonga kupfurikidza nesimba asi nesimba rekurukurirano.