Hwaro Hwomutemo Wekodzero Dzevanhu Wemarudzi Ose

Mutemo wenyika yose wazova simba guru zvikuru musangano renyika yose rokuenzana kweroorano. Nepo uchangamire hwenyika huchiramba huri hwaro hwegadziriro yamarudzi ose, mubatanidzwa wezvibvumirano, kokorodzano, zvigaro zvematare, uye zvishandiso zvapamutemo zvakapfava izvo zvinoumba mutemo wenyika yose zvinoumba gadziriro inokurudzira, uye pane dzimwe nguva inogombedzera, nyika kuziva nokudzivirira kodzero dzevanhu vose pasinei zvapo nechimiro chevatano kana kuti kuzivikanwa kwavanhukadzi. Nyaya inonzvera nzira idzo mutemo wamarudzi ose unosimudzira nadzo kuenzana kweroorano, zvibvumirano zvinokosha namasangano zvinobatanidzwa, tapuro pamitemo yorudzi, uye zvinetso zvinosara.

Gadziriro yazvino uno yekodzero dzavanhu yakatanga pashure peHondo yeNyika II nokugamuchirwa kweUniversal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) muna 1948. Kunyange zvazvo UDHR isiri chibvumirano chinosungisa pamutemo, yakawana mugariro womutemo wetsika wamarudzi ose uye inobatira sehwaro hwezvishandiso zvose zvekodzero dzavanhu zvinotevera. Chikamu 1 chinozivisa kuti vanhu vose vanoberekwa vakasununguka uye vakaenzana muchiremera nekodzero. Chikamu 2 chinorambidza rusaruro panzvimbo ipi neipi, kubatanidza dzinza, ruvara, vatano, rudzidziso, murangariro wezvamatongerwe enyika, mavambo orudzi kana kuti enzanga, chinhu, kana kuti chimwe chimiro chevatano. Nepo vatano nechiratidzo chevatano zvisingadudzwi zvakajeka, chitsauko "mugariro wakasiyana" chakatsanangurwa nekodzero dzavanhu kuti zvibata mapoka aya mapoka.

International Country on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) neInternational Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), ose ari maviri agamuchirwa muna 1966, achishandura nheyo dzeUDHR kuva zvibvumirano zvinobatanidza. Pamwe chete neUDHR, izvi zvishandiso zvitatu zvinozivikanwa seInternational Bill of Human Rights. ICPR, zvikurukuru, yave iri pakati peroorano yakaenzana nekodzero dzeroorano. Chikamu 17 chinodzivirira kodzero yokuva wogaro. Chikamu 23 chinodzivirira kodzero yokuroora ndokuwana mhuri, kunyange zvazvo chisingarondedzeri zvakajeka roorano sechipo pakati pomurume nomukadzi. Chikamu 26 chinovimbisa kuenzana pamberi pomutemo uye dziviriro pasina rusaruro. Dare remunhu, iro rinoona kodzero neICalPR, rakadzivirira nguva dzose izvi zvibvumirano.

Nheyo yokusasarurana iko kunobva papo nharo dzeroorano dzinotsamira. Pasi pomutemo wamarudzi ose, dzinotaura kuti musengwa wokuva nechokwadi chokuti vanhu vose vanofarikanya maruramiro avo pasina musiyano worudzi rupi norupi. Apo hurumende inoramba vakwanyina vorudzi rumwe chetevo maruramiro okuroora, inoumba wirirano yakavakirwa pamurangariro wevatano. Mitumbi yavanhu yamarudzi ose yakawana yawanwazve kuti maruramiro akadaro anoda ruramiso inogombedzerwa. Hurumende dzisingagoni kugovera ruramiso yakadaro dzinowanwa kuva dzinoputswa nemisengwa yavo yebvumirano. Uku kurangarira kwapamutemo kwapamutemo kwave kuchishandiswa muzvinoitika zvakawanda pamberi pematare ekodzero dzavanhu eruwa nematare eUN, kuchiumba mutumbi unokura wekodzero dzemitemo yehurumende yeNyika dzose dzinotsigira kuenzana.

Zvishandiso Zvinokosha Zvepamutemo Zvenyika Yose Nemabhizimisi

Zvishandiso zvapamutemo zvamarudzi ose zvinoverengeka zvave zvichipesvedzera zvikuru mukufambira mberi roorano. Izvi zvakasiana kuvambira pazvibvumirano zvinobatanidza kusvikira kunheyo dzakapfava dzinoumba muitiro wenyika nedudziro yekutonga. Chinokosha zvikurusa chaizvozvi chinonzverwa pasi apa.

Sungano Yamarudzi Ose Yekodzero Dzevagari Vemo Nedzematongerwe Enyika (ICCPR)

ICCPR inoramba iri chibvumirano chavanhu chinotenderwa zvikurusa munyika, na 173 vemasangano sa 2024. Gadziriro dzayo pamusoro pohuvatoga, mhuri, uye kuenzana dzakadudzirwa kudzivirira ukama hwevatano humwe chetehwo. Munhau yenhau ya1994 ye Toonen v. Australia , Dare rekodzero dzavanhu rakawana kuti mitemo inoputsa mitemo inodzorwa nomufambiro mumwe cheteyo wezve inoputsa kodzero yokuva voga voga pasi peChikamu 17. Chisarudzo ichi chakagadza muenzaniso unokosha kupfurikidza nokugadza kuti mirangariro yevatano inzvimbo yakadzivirirwa pasi peICRACPR. [[FLT:] Kubva kunzi kuidzosera utsotsi panzvimbo yemichato, kurangarira kusarura pamutemo kwemitemo yorusarurano.

Nguva pfupi yapfuura, Dare rekodzero dzavanhu rakarangarira nhau dzakabatanidza zvakananga roorano. Fedottova v. Russia (209) nenhau dzakafanana, Dare rakawana kuti kukundikana kweRussia kugovera kuzivikanwa kwapamutemo kupi nokupi nokuda kweukama hwevatano hwechienzi nehumwe hwakapesana neMitemo 17 ne23 yeICPR. Zvisarudzo izvi, nepo zvisingadi zvakananga kuti masangano avhure roorano kuva varoorani vatevene, zvakatanga kuti masangano anofanira kugovera chimiro chakati kuti chekuzivikanwa uye kudzivirirwa kwevatano yapamutemo. Kurangarira uku kwapanhau kwakataurwa nematare enyika munyika dzinoverengeka kurangarira kuenzana.

Mitemo yeYogarka

Yogarka Principles, dzakatangwa muna 2007 paGadjah Mada University muIndonesia, dzinomiririra kurondedzerwa kwakadzama kwemashandisirwo anoitwa mutemo wekodzero dzevanhu vemarudzi ose panyaya dzepabonde uye kuzivikanwa kwevanhurume. Kunyange zvazvo isiri chibvumirano chinowirirana, Nheyo dzemitemo dzave dzichibatsira zvikuru. Dzave dzichitaurwa nematare emarudzi, masangano eUN, uye masangano ekodzero dzevanhu. Chikamu 24 chinonyanya kutaura kodzero yokuwana mhuri, chichitaura kuti nyika dzichatora matanho ose anodiwa kuti dzive nechokwadi chokuti vanhu vose vane kodzero yokuwana mhuri, pasinei nokuti ipfungwa yokuita zvepabonde kana kuti izivikanwo, kubatanidza kupfurikidza nokuwana muchato kana kuti kuva nekodzero yepamutemo.

Yogarka Principles dzakawedzerwa neYogarta Principles Plugiles Plus Pen, yakagamuchirwa muna 2017, iyo inotaura nhau dzokuwedzera dzakadai sekodzero dzevanhu vari pakati peteshi uye kushandiswa kwomutemo wekodzero dzevanhu maererano neruzivo rwemichina. Pamwe chete, nheyo idzi dzinogovera mugwagwa une udzame nokuda kwehurumende dzinotsvaka kuwiriranisa mitemo yadzo nemipimo yekodzero dzavanhu yamarudzi ose pamusoro pechimiro chevatano nezivikanwo yavanhu. Dzakashandiswa navatsigiriri vemitemo kuisa zvibvumikiso zvekuenzana mutsika dzakasiyana- siyana nemitemo, kubva kuLatin America kusvikira kuAsia.

Gadziriro Dzekodzero Dzevanhu Dzomunharaunda

Gadziriro dzekodzero dzavanhu dzomunharaunda kazhinji kazhinji dzakakurumidza kupfuura gadziriro yenyika yose mukufambisira mberi roorano.

Dare reEurope Rekodzero Dzevanhu

Dare reEurope rekodzero dzevanhu (ECTR) rakabudisa mitemo inoverengeka yetsika dzinooneka paizivikanwa ukama hwevatano. Schalk naKopf v. Austria (2010), Dare rakawana kuti kodzero yokuroora pasi peChikamu 12 cheEurope Convention on Human Rights haidi kuti zvisada kuti varoorani vawane kodzero imwe cheteyo yezvezera. Zvisinei, Dare rairangarirawo kuti ukama hwechigaro chimwe chetehwo hunowira mumurangariro we "mhuri" pasi peChikamu 8, revo rezvirevo zvinofanira kugovera chimiro chakati kuti chekuzivikanwa pamutemo. Ichi chisarudzo chakazarura suo yemikova nokuda kwezvinoitika zvakatevera izvo zvakawedzera maruramiro mamwe chete.

Mu neItalia t. (2015), ECTHR yakawana kuti Italy yakanga yaputsa Chikamu 8 kupfurikidza nokukundikana kugovera gadziriro ipi neipi yapamutemo nokuda kwavakwanyina voutere. Dare rakasimbisa kuti dare rine musengwa wakananga wokuvimbisa kuremekedza upenyu hwomunhu oga nehwemhuri, unobatanidza kugovera kuzivikanwa kwapamutemo kwoukama hwevatano hwavanhu. Kutevera iyi chisarudzo, Italy yakaita mutemo wemubatanidzwa wevagari vemo muna 2016. Bärblecuscus. [[FLT] [FF:] [20] [5] na [FLT] [5] .[5] . .[FFFF] . .[5] .[5]

Muitiro wokupinza wokuAmerica

Dare reAmerican rekodzero dzevanhu raita chisarudzo chinofambira mberi zvikuru. MuAdvisory OC-24/17 (2017), Dare rakati masangano eAmerica eConvention on Human Rights anofanira kuziva ndokuvimbisa kodzero dzevakaroorana vezvevatano imwe chete. Murangariro wakataurwa zvakajeka kuti nyika dzinofanira kupa masangano ose epamutemo, kubatanidza roorano. Dare rakarangarira kuti mufambiro nechiratidzo chevatano zvinodzivirirwa muChikamu 1 cheConvention, uye kuti rusaruro pazvikonzero izvi runoputsa gadziriro dzakafanana dzeChikamu 24. Murangariro wedare wakataurwa zvakajeka kuti nyika dzinofanira kugovera kusvika kumarudzi ose aripo epamutemo, kubatanidza roorano.

Gadziriro yeAfrica

Gadziriro yekodzero dzavanhu muAfrica yave isingagamuchiri kuenzana kwemichato, inoratidzira chishoro chakasimba chetsika nerudzidziso munyika dzakawanda dzeAfrica. Chibvumirano cheAfrica paMarurami neMarurami hachina kutaura zvakananga nezvechimiro chevatano kana kuti chizivikanwo chavanhu. Zvisinei, African Commission on Human and People’s Rights yakatora nhano dzakati kudzivirira LGBTQ+ kodzero. Muchisarudzo cha2014 pakodzero dzeLGBT muAfrica, Commission inokumbirwa kuti ipedze masimba masimba enyika uye rusaruro rwakavakirwa patsikano yevatano nevatano nevatano. Nepo chisarudzo ichi chisarudzo chisati chichitaura zvakananga, chinosimbisa kuti maruramiro avanhu kudzivirira LGBTQ+ vanhu vamwe navamwe, icho chingagona kuumba maruramiro enhau yomunguva yemberi pamusoro pokuzivikanwa [FFF:] paMagaromendi avanhu [F]

Pesvedzero Yomutemo Wenyika Dzose Pamitemo Yeroorano Yorudzi Yakaenzana

Mutemo wenyika yose unopesvedzera mitemo yokuenzana kweroorano yorudzi kupfurikidza nemitoo inoverengeka: misengwa yebvumirano inoda chinjo yemitemo kana kuti pamutemo, zvisarudzo zvokutonga zvinodudza zvishandiso zvamarudzi ose nezvekodzero dzavanhu zvomunharaunda, uye simba rakapfava remipimo yamarudzi ose iyo inoumba murangariro wavose nehurukuro yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Fundo Yenyaya: Netherlands neBelgium

Netherlands yakava nyika yokutanga kunyoresa pamutemo muchato wevatano nevatano muna 2001, yateverwa neBelgium muna 2003. Nyika idzi hadzina kuita zvikurukuru nemhaka yemisengwa yemitemo yamarudzi ose, zvisarudzo zvadzo zvakaumbwa negadziriro yakafara yekodzero dzavanhu. Netherlands yakanga yatoita mutemo wetsika dzevagari vemo muna 1998, uye kukwidziridza kunoitwa nokuziva kuti kubatwa kwakaparadzana asi kwakaenzana kwakanga kuchipesana nemitemo yechiDutch neEuropean Convention on Human Rights. Netherlands neBelgium kubvira panguva iyoyo zvakadudzwa semienzaniso yokuti mitemo yekodzero dzevanhu yamarudzi ose inogona kutevedzerwa sei pamwero yorudzi, uye mitemo yavo yakapesvedzera kuchinja kwakatevera kuchinja mitemo mune dzimwe nyika.

Fundo Yenhau: Taiwan

Rwendo rweTaiwan kuenzana muroorano runoratidzira kupesana kwakaoma pakati pomutemo wamarudzi ose, zvamatongerwe enyika zvemhuri, uye zviito zvokutonga. Muna 2017, Dare reMitemo yeChiviko reTaiwan rakatonga kuti kukundikana kweChibvumirano cheChiviko kugovera roorano imwe cheteyo yevatano yakapesana nezvibvumikiso zvebumbiro remitemo zvemitezo nerusununguko rweroorano. Dare rakadudza zvishandiso zvamarudzi ose zvekodzero dzavanhu, kubatanidza ICICPR neYagankarda Mitemo yemitemo, mukurangarira kwayo. Chisarudzo chapa chigaro chaMateocramende chaMado cheNyika yose chakaparirwa kugadza bvumirano, uye muna 2019, Taiwan yakava nyika yokutanga muAsia kunyoresa pamutemo. Dare reSauriro renyika yose ringaratidzira sei chisarudzo chemitemo chamatongerwo kunyange munyika munyika umo kuengorororo yezvamatongerwe enyika muchato yezvamatongerwe enyika kuenno.

Fundo Yenhau: South Africa

South Africa yapashure pePreapartheid budry ndiimwe yerondedzero inofambira mberi zvikurusa munyika, inorambidza zvakajeka rusaruro pahwaro hwevatano. Muna 2005, Dare reMitemo reSouth Africa rakatonga mu Minister of Home Affaits v. Foreie[[FL:1] kuti rondedzero yavose yomutemo weroorano semubatanidzwa pakati pomurume nomukadzi wakanga usingabvumiraniswi. Dare raivimba nemisengwa yavanhu yeSouth Africa, kubatanidza African Chater paNdouveration neRegit, kuti itsigire kurangarira kwayo. Chisarudzo chakatungamirira kumiitiro yeChibvumirano cheCivil Union muna 2006 icho chinogoverana roorano zvose zviri zviviri zveSouth Africa.

Fundo Yenhau: United States

Nepo United States isina kutendera zvibvumirano zvamarudzi ose zvekodzero dzavanhu, kunyange zvakadaro mutemo wamarudzi ose wakapesvedzera kurukurirano yapamutemo yomumba pamusoro pekuenzana kweroorano. Obergefell v. Hodges (2015], Dare Gurusa reUnited States rakati kodzero yokuroora ikodzero huru pasi peGaramende reMitemo yeMitemo. Mutongi Anthony Kennedy akavimba zvikuru nokunzwisisa roorano munzanga yamarudzi ose, kwete kuti nyika dzakawanda dzakanga dzaziva roorano imwe cheteyo panguva iyoyo. Kunyange zvazvo Dare risina kuva nechisarudzo charo pamutemo wamarudzi ose zvakananga, rakanongedzera pamuitiro wenyika yose semhedziso yayo yokuroorana. [FF]: [2]], yatonge iri kudarika dzimwe nyika dzose dzakaita kuti dzive pamutemo.[FFF], inotongedzerwa muzvimwe matare enyika.[3]

Basa Roufundisi Hwenyika Yose uye RweNGO

Masangano asiri ehurumende (NGOS) namapoka okudzora anoita basa guru mukushandura tsika dzapamutemo dzamarudzi ose kuva chinjo dzemitemo yorudzi. Masangano akadai seHuman Rights Watch, Amnesty International, uye International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Interssex Association (ILGA) anonzvera hurumende nemitemo yekodzero dzavanhu yamarudzi ose, anoita nzvero, uye mutsigiri nokuda kwokuchinja pamutemo. Mishumo yavo nerumbidzo zvinoshandiswa nematare echibvumirano cheUN, matare ekodzero dzavanhu omuruwa, uye masangano ehurumende enyika kuti azivise chisarudzo.

Tsinhiro yave iri chishandiso chinoshanda zvikuru. NGOs dzakadai seInternational Commission of Jurists, International Human Rights Clinic kuHarvard Law School, uye masangano eruwa akadai seEuropean Rights Human Advocacy Center yakaunza nhau pamberi pematare ekodzero dzavanhu emarudzi ose neruwa anodenha mitemo yekodzero dzavanhu. Iyi nhau dzinotanga mienzaniso yapamutemo inoparira dzvinyiriro yechinjo yechinjo yenyika yose. Somuenzaniso, [FLT: 0] Toonen mhaka yekodzero dzavanhu pamberi pemasangano ekodzero dzavanhu emarudzi ose akatsigira masangano ekodzero dzavanhu akagovera pamutemo uye mari. Kubudirira kwenhau iyoyo yakafuridzwa nomutemo.

NGOS zvinobatanidzwawo mukuvakwa kwezvipo, magweta navanorwira kodzero dzavanhu mukushandiswa kwemiitiro yamarudzi ose. Yagarta Principles yakakudziridzwa kupfurikidza nomuitiro unobatira pamwe unobatanidza nyanzvi dzekodzero dzavanhu munyika yose, uye zvinopfuurira kusimudzirwa nemubatanidzwa wemasangano. United Nations Independent Exppert on Sexual Confection and Gender, yakagadzwa muna 2016, inoshanda zvikuru namasangano enzanga kuti anyore kutyorwa kwekodzero dzavanhu uye kuita rumbidzo dzechinjo. Mishumo yeIndependent Exppert yave inobetsera mukusimbisa kudikanwa kwekuenzana kweroorano nedzimwe dziviriro dzapamutemo nokuda kwevakwaitwezve [FLD:0] [UR.UNIXEXExCTICTHY] [FF]

Zvinetso uye Kudzivisa

Pasinei zvapo nefambiro mberi inokosha, denho huru dzinosara. nyika dzakawanda dzinopfuurira kudzivisa dzvinyiriro yamarudzi ose yokuenzana kweroorano, kazhinji kazhinji dzichidudza zvikonzero zvetsika kana kuti zvorudzidziso. Muzvimwe zvinoitika, uku kudzivisa kwakatungamirira kukupesana mukurwisana negadziriro yamarudzi ose yekodzero dzavanhu imene, nehurumende dzichipomera mitumbi yamarudzi ose yemipimo yokuMadokero pamasangano asiri eWester.

Kuramba Tsika Nechitendero

Mumativi akawanda enyika, magamuchidzanwa etsika neorudzidziso anotaura kuti roorano mubatanidzwa pakati pomurume nomukadzi. Mapoka orudzidziso anowirirana, kubatanidza Chechi yeKaturike, masangano mazhinji ePurotesitendi, uye zviremera zveIslam, ave achishora zvakasimba wirirano yetsika dzavanhu. Mapoka aya anotaura kuti maruramiro avanhu amarudzi ose ari kudarika chiremera chawo kupfurikidza nokudzongonyedza uchangamire hwerudzi netsika. Kunyanduka pakati pamaruramiro avanhu echisiko chose neretsika ndiwo musoro unodzokorokorokororwa mumutemo wamarudzi ose. Nepo kodzero dzavanhu dzichiva dzinoshandiswa mumashoko adzo akapoteredza kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kunoda kurangarirwa kwamagamuchidzanwa netsika zvomunzvimbomo.

Dzimwe nyika dzakadavidza kudzvinyiriro yamarudzi ose kupfurikidza nokugadza gadziridzo dzebumbiro-mitemo kana kuti mitemo inorondedzera zvakajeka roorano sopakati pomurume nomukadzi. Somuenzaniso, muna 2008, vavhoti veCalifornia vakapfuudza Position 8, iyo yakagadziridza bumbiro remitemo kuti idzivise roorano imwe cheteyo yevatano, kunyange zvazvo iyoyi yakazoshandutswa gare gare nedare rehurumende. Muna 2010, Nigeria akagadza Dare reSafananity-Sex Marriage (Projistition) Act, iro rinoita kuti ukama hwechienzi humwe chetehwo. Muna 2014, Uganda yakaputsa Anti-Homothenality Act, iyo gare gare gare yakaparadzwa neDare reMitemo reUganda paprocrate Bagstitual Country panzvimbo dzeUganda, kunyange zvazvo rave rakaitwazve muchimiro chakachinja. Iyi mienzaniso yogaro mutemo wamarudzi ose hauna kukunda kwazvo.

Uchangamire Netsika Dzepamutemo Zverudzi

Nheyo youchangamire hwehurumende idikanwo huru yomutemo wamarudzi ose. Nyika dzakasununguka kazhinji kazhinji kusarudza mitemo yadzo dzimene nemitemo, kubatanidza panhau dzeroorano. Nepo misengwa yebvumirano ingada mibatanidzwa kuremekedza maruramiro avanhu, miitiro yokudzikamisa yomutemo wamarudzi ose yakaneta zvikuru. Dare rekodzero dzavanhu rinogona kuita zviwanwa uye rumbidzo, asi harigoni kumanikidza hurumende kuwirirana. matare ekodzero dzavanhu eruwa, akadai seEuropean Court of Human Rights, ane mibato yakasimba yakasimba zvikuru yokuchengeta, asi kunyange rutongeso rwawo pane dzimwe nguva runofuratirwa kana kuti runongoitwa bedzi.

Dzimwe nyika dzinotaura kuti kuenzana kweroorano inhau inofanira kusarudzwa nedzimba dzomutemo kana kuti matare ebumbiro remitemo kupfurikidza nemiitiro yadzo dzimene yedemokrase, kwete yakaiswa namasangano amarudzi ose. Iyi kurukurirano ine wirirano chaiyo munyika idzo dzakawana dzokudzorwa kwehurumende uye dzinotapurwa nedzokunze kwenzvimbo. Nokuda kwenyika idzi, kusundwa nokuda kwekuenzana kweroorano namasangano amarudzi ose akaitwa mubatanidzwa wehurumende dzamarudzi ose kunogona kuonekwa sechimiro chechinjo yehurumende. Kukurukura iyi itiro kunoda dzikamo yokungwarira pakati pokutsigira mipimo yavanhu yapasi pose uye pamusoro pemiitiro yorudzi yapamutemo.

Kudzoserwa Musana Nokudzorerwa

Mune dzimwe nyika, kuenzana kwevakaroorana kwakateverwa nokupesana. Somuenzaniso, muBrazil, kutonga kwa2013 kwakaitwa neNational Council of Justice kwakabvumira kuroorana kwevarume nevakadzi, asi zviitiko zvamatongerwe enyika zvakazotevera zvakamutsa kunetseka pamusoro pekudzikama kwekodzero idzi. MuPoland neHungary, hurumende dzepublic dzakapa mitemo nemitemo inodzorwa zvinoganhurira LGBTQ+ kodzero, kusanganisira kurondedzera kuroorana semubatanidzwa wemurume nomukadzi. Zviitiko izvi zvinoratidza kuti kukura kwekodzero dzenyika yose kunogona kuderera uye kunoda kungwarira kupfuurira uye kudzivirira.

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi Nemikana

Kana ukatarira mberi, mutemo wenyika yose ucharamba uchiita basa rinokosha musangano renyika yose rokuenzana kweroorano.

Kuwedzera Kuonga Vasiri Vakaroorana

Kunyange apo kuenzana kweroorano kusingabviri mune zvematongerwe enyika kana kuti mutsika, mutemo wamarudzi ose unowedzera kuda kuti nyika dzigovere rudzi rwakati rwezivikanwo yapamutemo nokuda kwoukama hwevatano hwechisimba. Uku kuzivikanwa kunogona kuva rudzi rwekubatana kwehurumende, zvikwata zvemhuri, kana kuti mamwe pamutemo anopa kodzero nedziviriro. Dare rekodzero dzemunhu neEurope yekodzero dzevanhu, zvose zviri zviviri zvakafunga kuti nyika dzine musengwa wakananga wokuziva ukama hwechisimba muchimiro chimwe chete. Sezvinotanga kubatana kwehurumende, zvingangova kuti nyika dzakawanda dzichagamuchira zvimwe zvimiro zvokuzivikanwa, izvo pakupedzisira zvingatungamirira kukuenzana kwakakwana kweroorano.

Basa reDare Rekodzero Dzevanhu reUN

Sangano reSangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzapasi Pose razova chisarudzo chinokosha nokuda kwokufambira mberi LGBTQ+ kodzero. Muna 2011, Dare rakagamuchira chisarudzo 17/19, chakaratidza kunetseka kukuru pamusoro pezviito zvechisimba uye rusaruro pavanhu vakavakirwa patsika dzepabonde nezivikanwo yechirume. Ichi chaiva chisarudzo chokutanga panhau idzi. Zvisarudzo zveSangano reSangano reSangano rakasimbisa kuzvipira kweDare kudzivirira LGBTQ+ kodzero, kubatanidza nokutangwa kweIndependero Ex Expex on Sexual Confection and Gender Irectorism. Kunyange zvazvo Dare risina kutaura zvakananga kuenter muchato, basa rarongetasimupi wetsika inosimudzira kodzero yekodzero dzakafanana dzevaroora.

The Universal Pearcent Revolution (UPR), umo Dare rekodzero dzavanhu rinonzvera zvinyorwa zvekodzero dzavanhu zvenyika dzose dziri mitezo yeUN, rakashandiswawo kumutsa funganyo pamusoro porusaruro pavakwanyina vane mitezo mimwe cheteyo. Mitengo yakashandisa UPR kuita rumbidzo kune mumwe nomumwe pamusoro pokuzivana kwapamutemo kwoukama hwevatano. Nepo idzi rumbidzo dzisingasungi, dzinoparira dzvinyiriro yemibatanidzwa inogona kupesvedzera mitemo yenyika. Nyika dzakadai seNetherlands, Canada, uye Argentina dzakashandisa nguva dzose UPR kutsigira chinzwanowirirana muroorano mudzimwe nyika [UT:0]] [FVT]

Miitiro Inokura Muudzori Hwenyika Yose

Miitiro inoverengeka iri kumuka mumitemo yenyika yose sezvingabvira ichasimudzira roorano kuenzana mumakore ari kuuya. Chokutanga, matare ari kuziva nenzira inowedzera kuti mirangariro yevatano nokuzivikanwa kwavanhukadzi mavara akafanirwa nokunzverwa mugadziriro dzakaenzana. Iyi nzira inoita kuti kuve kwakaoma zvikuru kuti hurumende dziruramise mitemo yorusaruraganda, kubatanidza ayo anoramba vakwanyina vorudzi rumwe chetevo maruramiro okuroora. Chechipiri, murangariro we "mhuri" uri kukudzwa mumutemo wamarudzi ose kubatanidza ukama hwevatano hwakaenzana. Ikoku kunokosha nemhaka yokuti zvishandiso zvizhinji zvekodzero dzavanhu zvinodzivirira maruramiro okuwana mhuri, uye kubvisa dziviriro imwe cheteyo kunoitwa nenzira inowedzera sokusawiriraniswa kwazvino uno nekodzero dzavanhu.

Chechitatu, kuwiriraniswa kwemibatanidzwa yeroorano nedzimwe nharaunda dzomutemo, dzakadai senzvimbo dzeutiziro nedzinochengetedzwa, kutama, uye chengeteko yenzanga, kuri kuparira dzvinyiriro yokuwedzera nokuda kwokuzivikanwa kwapamutemo. Apo vakwanyina vevatano yevatano imwe cheteyo vanotarisana nenhamo nemhaka yokuti ukama hwavo hahuzivikanwi mune imwe nyika, mutemo wamarudzi ose ungada nyika iyoyo kugovera ruzivikano. Dare reEurope reRugare rweRugare, somuenzaniso, rakatonga mu [[FLT:] Comper neYount [Mite] naMamwe v. Mukuru weInversaro yeIS] Arevoneri yeIM [[FLT] [FLT] [208]) kuti muteveridzi weEUM] kuti mutezotezotezo wokubatanidza roorano yorusununguko rwekushanda, kunyange kana vasingagoveri mumutemo wavo wedzero.

mhedziso

Mutemo wenyika yose wave uri uye unopfuurira kuva chishandiso chine simba musangano renyika yose rokuenzana. Kupfurikidza nezvibvumirano zvinobatanidza zvakadai seICCPR, zvishandiso zvapamutemo zvakapfava zvakadai seYogarta Principles, uye kudzorwa kwematare ekodzero dzavanhu eruwa, mutemo wamarudzi ose unogadza mipimo inokurudzira nyika kuziva nokudzivirira kodzero dzevaroorani voutere. Pesvedzero yomutemo wamarudzi ose iri pachena munhamba inokura yenyika dzakanyoresa roorano youtere, kazhinji kazhinji pashure pematare kana kuti masangano emitemo yamarudzi ose akadudza misengwariro dzamarudzi ose murangariro dzavo.

Zvisinei, ukama pakati pomutemo wamarudzi ose nouchangamire hwenyika yose hunoramba huchipokanidzwa. Chishoro chetsika norudzidziso, itiro hanya pamusoro pedzongonyedzo yokunze, uye kudzongonyedzwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika kunopa denho dzinokosha kuimwe fambiro mberi. Mutemo wamarudzi ose hausi mubatanidzwa, uye kubudirira kwawo kunotsamira pairi kupfuurira kuwirirana kwapamutemo, kuwirirana kwapamutemo, kusinganei hako nevatano yevatano. Nguva yemberi yokuenzana yeroorano ichaumbwa noukuru umo nzanga yamarudzi ose inogona kuvaka bvumirano pamusoro pokushandiswa kwemitemo yavanhu vose nemhindurodziro yomutemo worudzi. Rwendo rwokuenzanisira vanhu vose, pasinei zvapo nechimiro chevatano kana kuti kuva murume, kuchava kwakakwana, asi nheyo dzomutemo wamarudzi ose dzinopfuurira kufambira mberi.