Bazu remitemo rehurumende yeUnited States injini yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica, ine mutoro wokugadzira, kuitisana nharo, uye kugadza mitemo inoumba rudzi. Yakagadzwa neChikamu I cheBumbiro reMitemo, Congress isangano rebhiyameral rakaumbwa neDare neImba yeVamiririri. Iyi gadziriro yakanga iri kubvumirana kwamaune pakati pehurumende huru nedzechiduku, ichiita kuti chiverengero chavagari vemo nehurumende zvive nenzwi mukuita mutemo wehurumende. Vadzidzi, vadzidzi, vadzidzi, uye varonzeve vagove vagari vemo, kunzwisisa mutoo wakaoma kunzwisisa kuti mutemo unokosha sei kuva mutengi nechiyero zvinorondedzera gadziriro yokudzora yeU. Nyaya iyi inogovera kufamba kwakazara kupfurikidza nomuitiro wemitemo, kubva mumukana wokutanga wepfungwa wokugadza mutemo, apo zvinoteverwa, uye mutengo webazu rebazu, rebazu, rebazi.

Hwaro: Chikamu I Nechinangwa Chevakuru Vakuru

Vagadziri veBumbiro reMitemo vakaisa bazu remitemo pakutanga, vachiratidzira chitendero chavo chokuti kuita mutemo isimba gurusa rehurumende inomirira. Chikamu I chinopawo Congress masimba ose omutemo, kubatanidza chiremera chemitero yepevy, kubatanidza hondo, kudzora kutengeserana kwenyika, uye kugovera dziviriro negarikano yavose. Chiremera chikuru cheSangano remitemo chinoita mabasa okutarisira anodenha, kunzvera bazu redare ravakuru vakuru uye kusimbisa kugadzwa kwapurezidhendi. Bazu reRegionalment rinewo simba rokurambidza vakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende, kubatanidza purezidhendi wehurumende, uye kuronga kuvhotera namavhoti maviri matatu ose ari maviri. Chiremera ichi chikuru chinodzikamiswa namamwe mapazu okutonga kupfurikidza neSangano yaPuniersidenti.

Kuumbwa kweBadameral kweDare

Gadziriro iyi yezvakanakira inoita kuti mutemo unyatsoongororwa usati wava mutemo.

Imba Yavamiriri

Imba yavamiririri ikamuri guru, nemitezo yokuvhota inogoverwa pakati penyika yakavakirwa pavagari vemo seyakasarudzwa nenhamba inobviswa mugore negore. Mumiriri mumwe nomumwe anobatira shoko ramakore maviri, achiita kuti Imba ive idivire zvikurusa kumurangariro wavose. Imba ine simba rakakwana rokutanga zvikwereti zvemari (mutemo wemitero) uye kuunza nyaya dzemari inodzorwa. Imba yakarongwa zvikuru nemitemo, nomutauri ane simba anodzora purogiramu yemitemo yemitemo. Nemhaka youkuru hwayo, kurukurirano muImba inowanzova yakaganhurirwa zvikuru, uye Dare reMitemo rinogadza ganhuriro yenguva nemiraudzo youriri nokuda kwokurangarira.

Dare

Dare rinoumbwa nemitezo 100, miviri inobva munyika imwe neimwe, inobatira mashoko anozunguzirwa amakore matanhatu. Iyi gadziriro yakanga ichiitirwa kudzivirira vamiriri kubva kumhepo dzinochinja dzemurangariro wavose ndokugovera dare rinobvisa maruramiro. Dare rine masimba akasiyana, kubatanidza chiremera chokubvumira zvibvumirano (nemivhoti mitatu miviri) uye kusimbisa kugadzwa kwapurezidhendi kwakadai semitezo yedare, vatongi vehurumende, uye nhume (nevoruzhinjiwo zvavo),. Mitemo yedare inobvumira kubvumira kurukurirano yakarebeswa, inoda kuvhotera kwa 60 dare retsoropote. Somuuyo, Dare rinowanzofamba zvishoma nezvishoma uye rinoda kuti ritsigire pamutemo kukuru.

Rwendo Rwebhiri: Kubva Mupfungwa Kuenda Kumutemo

Kunyange zvazvo matanho anotevera achiratidza nzira yatinofanira kufamba nayo, zvikwereti zvakawanda hazvimboitiki kupfuura mwero wokutanga, uye zvimwe zvinotevera maitiro okuongorora.

Danho 1: Kuzivisa Nokudzosera

Mutemo unovamba sepfungwa, inogona kubva mumanyuko akawanda: mutezo weCongress, dare, purezidhendi, sangano rehurumende, mapoka ezvibvumirano zvehurumende, kana kuti vagariwo zvavo. Pfungwa yacho inoshandurwa kuva chikarakadzo chepamutemo chinonzi mutezo. Kunyora kwacho kunowanzoitwa neHouse Legislative Council kana kuti Dare reDare reLegislative Councing, uyo anovimbisa kuti pamutemo mutemo wacho une mashoko akanaka uye wakarongwa zvakanaka. Bills anogona kuva pachena (kubatanidza nyika yose) kana kuti vanhu vamwe navamwe chaivo. Ivo vanogoverwa nhamba (g., H.R. 1 kana kuti S.1) yakavakirwa pasumo yokuzviisa pasi.

Danho 2: Kutanga uye Kudzorera

Chibvumirano chinotangwa apo mutezo weCongress unochipa nenzira yakarongwa kupfurikidza nokuchiisa mu "Enter" muImba kana kuti kupfurikidza nokuita tsinhiro muDare. Mutsigiri webhiriti yacho ndiye mutsigiri waro mukuru, uye vatsigiri vayo vangakumbanira kuratidza tsigiro. Pashure pesumo, bhiri racho rinonongedzerwa kudare rakafanira kana kuti matare anobetsera aparamende, akavakirwa panhau yayo (umr., kurima, judiary, simba). Kazhinji kazhinji kacho, mari inonongedzerwa kumatare akawanda (ateshitaro) kana achifukidza misoro inoverengeka, inogona kuoma uye kunonotsa.

Danho 3: Dare Rine Pfungwa

Matare ndi "mabhiza anoshanda" eCongress, apo kunzvera kukuru kwemitemo nokudzokororwa kunoitika. Dare richatumira chaizvoizvo mutengi kudare rine udzame hwekunzwa nokupa. Kunzwa kunobvumira nyanzvi, vakuru vakuru vehurumende, uye vanhu kupupurira pamusoro petapuro yegweta racho. Pashure pokunzwa, dare rinotora rusando "rusando" apo mitezo inokarakadza kugadziriswa, chinjo, uye dare rinovhota kana richifanira kushuma dare rakazara. Dare rakazara ipapo rinowana mureza waro wacho rimene. Kana dare rikatendera chibvumirano (ne voti huru), rino "kushuma" kutefaiswe kute mukamuri rakazara pamwe chete nemirairo yedare rinotsanangura donzo racho. dare ringasarudzawo kana kuti rikasarusarusarusarusai.

Danho 4: Ita Mudare Rokutanga

Kana yamboshumwa, pamutemo wacho unoiswa pakarenda. MuHouse, Dare reMitemo rinowanzobudisa "mutemo" unogadza miganhu yekurukurirano, kubatanidza ganhuriro dzenguva uye idzodzo dzokupedzisira dzinogona kupiwa (zakazarura, kana kuti kupedzisa mitemo). Imba yakazara ipapo inokakavadzana, nenguva yakakamukana pakati pavatsigiri navashori nevavengi. Pashure pekurukurirano, mitezo ivhotera kurudzo (kana itenderwa) uye ipapo panhambo yokupedzisira. Imba inowanzoshandisa kuvhotera kwemagetsi, uye vazhinjisase vanodikanwa kuti vaende. MuDare repa, chiito chapauriri hachina kurongedzekanwo. Mukuru akaronga kurukurirano, asi vadzore voga voga voga voga voga voga voga. Kugumisa kumhanya kumhanya, zvinoda kukumbira kuvhota, zvinoda kutongedzerwa 60.

Nhano 5: Kurangarira Kwevamwe Vatarisiri

Kana bhiri racho rikapfuura muimba yokutanga, rinotumirwa kune imwe kamuri, umo rinoitwa nomutoo mumwe chetewo mukuru: kudare, kunzwa, kuisa mukombe, kurukurirano youriri, uye vhoti. Kamuri rechipiri ringapfuura chaizvoizvo serinogamuchirwa, asi kazhinji kazhinji zvikuru rinochinja. Kana kamuri rechipiri rikapfuudza shanduro yakasiana, muromo unofanira kuyananiswa.

Nhano 6: Dare Romusangano Kana kuti Ping-Ping

Kupedza misiyano pakati peshanduro dzeImba neDare, dare redare rinoungana rinowanzoumbwa. Iyi iboka rechinguvana rinoumbwa nemitezo yavakuru inobva mumakamuri ose ari maviri akagadzwa noutungamiriri. Mitezo yedare reConference inokurukura mutongo unobvumiranwa unofanira kutenderwa nevoruzhinji veveimba neDare rinomanikidzirwa. Mushumo unovapo unovapo unotsinhirana unozodzoserwa kuimba imwe neimwe nokuda kwevhoti yepamusoro kana kuti yokupedzisira (hapasati pane imwezve mibatanidzwa inobvumirwa). Kana makamuri ose ari maviri achibvumira mushumo wacho, mushumo wacho wagadzirira purezidhendi. Kana kuti, makamu anogona kushandisa "ping-pong" apo anotumira chipepa uye kudzokera shure neadzoso kusvikira vagamuchira imwe imba yorumwe shanduro.

Danho 7: Kuita Mutungamiriri wehurumende

Kana mutemo wakabatana wangopfuura kamuri dzose dziri mbiri, unonyoreswa ndokupiwa kuna purezidhendi.

  • [ Chiratidzo chemutengo [ - chinova mutemo wavose nokukurumidza kana kuti pamusi wakatarwa.
  • Kudzosera kupepa [ - purezidhendi anoridzorera kuCongress nokuramba. Congress inogona kukurira kuvhota kwavazhinji namativi maviri namatatu mumakamuri ose ari maviri, pashure paiko rugwaro runova mutemo pasina siginicha yapurezidhendi.
  • Usaita chiito kwamazuva 10 apo Congress inenge iri muchirongwa – mutemo unova mutemo pasina siginicha yapurezidhendi.
  • Usaita chiito apo Congress inowirirana mumazuva 10 iwayo – iyi iveto yomuhomwe; muromo unofa uye haugoni kushaikwa.

    • Purezidhendi anogonawo kusaina mutengo wacho asi achibudisa kutaura kwokusaina kunoratidzira kusava nechokwadi, kunyange zvazvo ikoku kusina simba rapamutemo.

    Danho 8: Kuzivisa Nokubatanidzwa

    Pashure pokuva mutemo, mutemo mutsva unogoverwa nhamba yomutemo wavose (g., L. L. 118.1) uye unobudiswa mu United States Mitemo paChikuru. Nokufamba kwenguva inoitwa mu United States Confect Code [[FL:] United States], inoronga mitemo yose yehurumende nomusoro wapasi. Hofisi yeFederal Registers inobudisa mitemo inotstings neMitemo inopfuraurirwa. Vadzidzisi navanzveri vanogona kuwana mabhiriji akazara pa [[FLT:]. na[FFFF]

    Basa Rematare Nemahofisi Asingakoshi

    Matare ndeenguva dzose kana kuti anosarudza nzvimbo dzinotarisirwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Kune marudzi mana: kumira (pane imwe, somuenzaniso, Agricultures, Admistrations), kusarudza (nguva pfupi nokuda kwedonzo rakati, somuenzaniso, Dare 6), nhengo (nemitezo inobva mumativi ose ari maviri, somuenzaniso, Dare reProclationtion, uye musangano. Zvikamu zvedare zvinoita zvakawanda zvokunzvera kwadzakadza. Chiteshi chedare, mutezo webato, mutezo webato, chinodzora mapurogiramu okunzwa, uye matare anovhara zvikwereti. Vashandi vedare vanotsoropodza mukugadziridza mativi ose ezvirongwa uye kuvaka. Mugovero wegadziriro inobvumira mitezo kuvandudza unyanzvi nepesvedzero munharaunda dzakati.

    Kutongwa Nedare uye Kucherwa

    Mitongo inogona kuva idzorerwei mutsetse ne-mutsetse. Kubvisa pamutemo kunogona kuva "kukwaniswa kwemashoko nokuda kwechibvumirano), kutungamirira (kuhwirudzura mabasa ebazu ravakuru vakuru), kana kuti kusimbisa. Zvapupu zvingabatanidza vakuru vakuru vakuru, nyanzvi, uye vatsigiri. Zvikamu zvekunyora zviri apo muganhu unodzokororwa nomutsetse. Zvibvumirano zvinogona kuva "kukwana" (mutauro unodzokororwa), "substitute" (kuisa rugwaro rwose), kana kuti "germane" (kudzosera kupepa). MuImba, ungwaru hunodzoserwa chose chose chose; muDare, risingashandisi bhine mabhinejimendi (varati) zvakakurumbira.

    Kuongorora Nokudzikama Mugadziriro Yomutemo

    Bazu remitemo rinomanikidzirwa nemitemo yapurezidhendi, hwirudzuro yedare, uye chinodikanwa nokuda kwezviito zvakati (kurapa, kugadziriswa kwebumbiro remitemo, kupfuvura kudzingwa kwemitezo). Mukuwedzera, zano reDare nebvumirano zvinodzikamisa kugadzwa kwapurezidhendi namasimba ebvumirano. Simba reimba rechikwama (rinoyera) rinonzvera mukuru mukuru. Muitiro wemitemo umene, nezvinodikanwa zvawo zvakawanda nebhiyameral, zvinovimbisa kuti hakuna kubatana kugona kuisa zviri nyore kuda kwacho.

    Zvinetso Nokutsoropodza

    Gadziriro yomutemo, nepo ichitarisana nemhinganidzo huru. Kuparadza kwakawedzera, nokupfuudza mari shomanene inopfuura uye kutsamira zvikuru pavavhoti vebato. Dare reSamendi reRebilbuster rakatsoropodzwa nokuda kwokuda mavhota 60 nokuda kwomutemo mukurusa, nokubudirira kugadzira chinodikanwa chikuru. Kupesvedzera kwemari yebhizimisi kunogona kuderera. Uyezve, kuoma kwegadziriro yacho kunoreva kuti zvikwereti zvakawanda zvakafanira hazvitongovi mutemo, nepo "zvinodikanwa" zvikwereti (sezvirongwa) zvinowanzoshandiswa semotokari nokuda kwemiitiro isina ukama.

    Kuedza Kuchinja Zvinhu

    Zvikarakadzo zvokuchinja zvinobatanidza kubvisa kana kuti kuchinja chikumbiro chevafilbuster, kusimbisa chikumbiro chokubudisa, kuganhurira zviratidzo, uye kuwedzera kujeka mumuitiro wedare remusangano. Vamwe vanoitirana nharo nokuda kwegadziriro yavamwe kana kuti yemikoto, kunyange zvazvo iyoyi isingabviri kupiwa hwaro hwebumbiro remitemo. Nhevedzo yenguva dzose (kubvumira matare ane revo mubato) inowanzopfuudzwa nenhungamiro ichishandisa "omnibus" zvikwereti zvemitemo yakavharwa kumhanya.

    Kukosha Kwokubatanidzwa Muchibvumirano Chokuberekana

    Kunzwisisa kuti mitemo inoitwa sei inopa simba vagari vomunyika kuti vatsive nenzira inobudirira. Vamiriri vanopupurira pakutongwa, kupa tsinhiro dzavose pamirau inokarakadzwa, uye kuvhota inzira dzose dzokupesvedzera muitiro wemitemo. Zviwanikwa zvakafanana ne USA. gov uye National Archives [ zvinogovera zvishandiso zvokuronga mitemo nokunzwisisa muitiro wacho.

    mhedziso

    Bazu remitemo rinoramba riri mubatanidzwa wenheyo weUnited States, chivako charo chebicameral chinodzivirira pachiito chokukurumidzira kana kuti chisiri chenhau. Rwendo rwegweta kupfurikidza nematare, nharo dzouriri, matare emisangano, uye kuhwirudzura kwapurezidhendi rwakaoma noune kuva nechokwadi chokuti mutemo unosanova bedzi mutemo. Nepo tsika yacho iri isina kukwana uye inononoka kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji, inoratidzira chiono chavagadziri vehurumende inoda kurangarira, kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira, uye kunzvera. Nokuda kwavadzidzisi navadzidzisi, kufunda muitiro wemitemo inogovera hwindo kumitemo yehurumende inova inova vamiriri vehurumende inova vagari vemo.