Mutemo Unoratidza Nzvimbo Yebasa

Chirango chapurezidhendi chinodikanwa chisati chiri chebumbiro remitemo. Chikamu II, Chikamu 1, Classia 8 cheBumbiro reMitemo reU.S. chinoti: "Asati apinda pakuitwa kweHofisi yake, achatora chiteshi chinotevera kana kuti Chitsiviso. Chikamu ichi hachisiyi nzvimbo yokusajeka: hapana munhu angashandisa masimba echigaro chehurumende pasina kutanga kudzokorora mhiko yemashoko makumi matatu neshanu. Mhiko inobatira sevimbiso yapachena yokuchengeta, kudzivirira, uye kudzivirira Bumbiro remitemo, uye chinoratidzira kutamisirwa kwapamutemo kwechiremera choukuru. Pasina icho, purezidhendi-sarudzi haagoni kubudisa pamutemo mirairo yehurumende, kana kuti kuita murairo nehurumende dzokumwe nyika. Vamiririridzi vanorangarira ichi chinodikanwa chinokosha kuchengetedza hurumende uye kudzivirira mumvuri upi noupi wesimba rehurumende.

Mhiko yacho inoitwa nenzira inozivikanwa naChangamire Mukuru weUnited States paZuva rokuInagation, January 20, seyakagadzwa neThe Twentieth Amendment. Mumazana amakore apfuura, muitiro wacho wazova chinhu chinokosha chehurumende yehurumende yeAmerica. Bva mubvunzo unoramba uripo: chii chinoitika kana mutongi asingagoni kuita mhiko seyakarongwa? Bumbiro reMitemo hariratidzi zvakajeka gadziriro yechibvumirano chenhano, asi dzimwe gadziriro nemisiano zvenhau zvinogovera gadziriro kusimbisira kupfuurira kwehurumende.

Zvakamboitika Kare: Pakanonoka Kubereka Muchero Kana Kuti Pakabvunzwa

Kutanga Kuchinja kweGeorge Washington (1789)

George Washington akaita mhiko yehofisi musi waApril 30, 1789, muNew York City, dzimbahwe rechinguvana renyika yacho. Mutambo wacho wakanga wakarongerwa pakuvamba nokuda kwaMarch 4, asi kunonoka kwechibvumirano chesangano idzva (kubatanidza kuronga kwechinononoka kweCongress itsva) yakadzongonyedza musi unenge mwedzi miviri. Nepo Washington akanga asingakwanisi kuita mhiko yacho, kunonoka uku kwakaratidzira kuti nguva chaiyoiyo yaigona kuchinjika muRepublic yapakuvamba. Pfundo rinokosha yakanga iri yokuti mhiko yacho yakaitwa Washington isati yavamba kushandisa masimba apurezidhendi. Hapana munhu akapanikira kuva pamutemo kwokutarisira mhaka yake nemhaka yokuti mhiko yacho pakupedzisira yakaitika, uye mukaha wechinguvana wakazadzwa nehurumende yaivapo pasi peHurumende yaivapo pasi peConferation.

William Henry Harrison (1141): Rufu Pashure Pemazambuko

William Henry Harrison akapa hurukuro yamaawa maviri okutanga mumugariro wokunze unotonhora pasina jasi kana ngowani, akabata mabayo, ndokufa chaizvoizvo mwedzi mumwe gare gare. Kunyange zvazvo Harrison akaita mhiko pana March 4, 1841, rufu rwake rwakakandira rudzi mumvura dzisina kurongwa. Panguva yacho, Bumbiro reMitemo rakataura bedzi kuti Mutungamiriri weSanihedhesi aizofunga “Masimba neNhau” zvePunions yeDerscity [Zunion] (H.Pridenti John Tyler akaita mhiko, asi akaomerera kuti akanga asiri anoshandawo zvake asi purezidhendi chaiye chaiye. Tyler akaisa muenzaniso wapashure peProfesidenti yakasimbiswa muAmakumi maviri-Fiftergempligment. Harrison anosimbisa kuti pashure pomupideridhenti, muruza kana kuti adzorerwe rufu.

Kutsakatika kwaAbraham Lincoln muna 1861: Kutyisidzira Kwechengeteko

Abraham Lincoln akaenda kuWashington, D.C., muna February 1861 pakati petyisidziro dzinovimbika dzokuuraya. Pazuva rokutsaurirwa kwake, varwi vakakomba vakarongedza denga reimba muPennsylvania Avenue, uye varwi vakarinda Capitol. Pasinei zvapo nokunyanduka, Lincoln akapika pasina chinoitika. Dai akanga aurawa kana kuti kukuvadzwa pamberi peZuva rokutsaurwa kwechinyakare, Bumbiro reMitemo panguva iyoyo rakanga risina gadziriro yakajeka nokuda kworufu rwapurezidhendi aigovera. Rudzisodo rwaizoda kutarisana nenjodzi yemitemo yapamutemo. Ikoku kwaizodokurasikirwa neiyi inonyandura mirairo yakajeka mitsa mitsa mitsa mitsva.

Franklin Roosevelt ya1933 Kubvisa: Kuedza Kuuraya

Mazuva gumi namanomwe chete pamberi pekutsaurirwa kwokutanga kwaFranklin D. Roosevelt, muurayi anonzi Giuseppe Zangara akapfura pfuti paRoosevelt muMiami, Florida. Bara rakapotsa Roosevelt asi rakauraya Chicago Anton Methor Cermak. Kudai kuedza kuuraya kwakanga kwabudirira, United States ingadai yatarisana nechinoitika chisina muenzaniso chokufa mutongi asati aita mhiko. Panguva iyoyo, intertinth dersitend (icho chinonangidzira zvakajeka uyu mugariro wacho chaicho (kwakanga kuchichiri kumirira kusimbiswa gare gare gore iroro). Kupukunyuka kudikanwa kwechinjo yakanyorwa. Chikamu 3 chinopfumisa chinyorwa chama195 chinogovera kuti kana purezidhendi anenge afa mavambo, mutevengidhesi wehurumende achiva muteshi wehurumende.

Vatungamiriri Vehurumende Vasina Kutongova Purezidhendi: “Zvingava Zvakaitika Muna Kristu Here?

Hapana purezidhendi akambofa Inaugration Day, asi vadaviri vanoverengeka vakafa pashure pokuwina kuiswa mubatanidzwa wavo asi pamberi pesarudzo yavose. Somuenzaniso, Dhemocratic Firace Greeley akafa nokukurumidza pashure perusarudzo rwa1872, asi vhoti dzake dzakasarudzwa dzakaparadzirwa. Muna 1912, Theodore Roosevelt akapukunyuka kuedza kwokuuraya mukati menhimbe yacho. Izvi zvinoitika hazvisati zvichiwirirana zvakananga nemhiko yapurezidhendi, asi zvinoratidzira kuti rudzi rwakatarisana nejeka ramajeri renhungamiro (na) uye (jekapfumi). Gara repamutemo retsara retsarudzo rakavakwa nenguva yakati kuti rivepote nokupotera nenjodzi chaidzo.

Nokuda kwenhambo huru yezvinoitika zvechinjo dzapurezidhendi nechengeteko, National Archives Religional [[[FLT: 1] inogovera zvinyorwa zvine udzame.

Mirangariro Yapamutemo: Bumbiro Remitemo Rinotii Apo Mutambo Usingagoni Kutorwa?

Mutezo Wechigumi Nezviviri: Rufu rwaPrezidhendi

Twentieth Amendment, yakatenderwa muna 1933, inozadza mukaha mukurusa muBumbiro reMitemo rapakuvamba. Chikamu 3 chinorava, kuti: “Kana, panguva yakatarwa nokuda kwamavambo eshoko raPresidenti, Purezidhendi akasarudzwa achava afa, Mutongi akasarudzwa achava Mutungamiriri wePrezidhendi. Iyi gadziriro inopindura zvakananga zvinoitika kana mutongi asingagoni kuita mhiko nemhaka yorufu. Mutongi wetevedzeri anokwidziridza nokukurumidza, uye mhiko yebasa inoiswa kumunhu iyeyo. Chibvumirano chichavawo chinobatanidza migariro apo purezidhendi nomutongi asati akwanisira. Nomurongi, kana gakava pamusoro pevhotera yakasarudzwa yakasarudzwa isati yanonoka.

Chikamu 4 cheGentith Amendment chinowedzera imwezve dziviriro: “Kutonga kungagona kugovera kuurawa kwomunhu upi noupi kwaari Imba yavamiririri ingasarudza Purezidhendi panguva ipi neipi apo maruramiro okusarudza achabviswa pavari, uye nokuda kwenhau yorufu rwavanhu vapi navapi vangasarudzwa neDare panzvimbo ipi neipi apo maruramiro echisarudzo achabviswa pavari. Izvozvi zvinopa Dare simba rokuzadza zvikamu zvisina kujeka. Nokudaro kuguma kunovimbisa kuti kunyange kana purezidhendi anotungamirira akafa kana kuti ashairwa, nyika haisati ichizosiiwa pasina mukuru mukuru wehurumende paZuva rokuchinja.

Mhedziso Yamakumi maviri namashanu: Kupererwa Nesimba Pashure Penzvimbo Yesimbi

Amakumi maviri ne5th Amendment, yakatenderwa muna 1967, inobata nokusaita miganhu yapurezidhendi pashure pokunge mhiko yaitwa. Inogadza miitiro yokuti Mutungamiriri wePrezidhendi ave Mutongi apo Purezidhendi anenge asingakwanisi kubudisa masimba nemabasa, uye nokuda kwokuzadza nzvimbo muboka rapanzvimbo yapamberi pehurumende. Kunyange zvazvo isingaenderani zvakananga nenguva yokupika, iyi igadziridza nhevedzano. Pamwe chete neinterlitic Amendment, inoparira mutsetse usina kutsanangurirwa wetsananguro kubva panguva yokuvhota. Nyanzvi dzemitemo dzinorangarira kugadziriswa kwemite mbiri sedzino dzinowirirana: yepamberi , mukaha wapamberi wedangwe wezvine, makumi maviri namakumi maviri ne5 unobata post-ugration.

Cornell Legal Information Institute inopa rondedzero ine udzame ye [ Treast Amendment uye menduro yeFithmesion.

Mubato Wokubudirira KwaPurezidhendi wa 1947

Kupfuura kugadziridzwa kuviri, Purezidhendi weFrandment Act wa1947 anoronga mutsetse wenhevedzano pashure poMutungamiriri weSangano. Kana vose vari vaviri purezidhendi nomutevedzeri wapurezidhendi vasingakwanisi kubatira (somuenzaniso, kana vose vari vaviri vakafa pamberi pemhiko) yeImba ichiva purezidhendi, achiteverwa naPrezidhendi weProfesi reProfesidenti, uye vakuru vakuru vakuru vedare mukuronga chisiko. Uyu mutemo hauna kutongoedzwa mumashoko oupenzi rapurezidhendi mutongi kutora mhiko, asi sezvingabvira waizopinda mudariro kana mutungamiriri weSangano woumbindi akafawo kana kuti akanga asina kusimba. Chiito chinogovera kumira kudzokera nokuda kwechiito kunyange kwechibvumirano chikurusa.

Kududzira Kwenyanzvi: Ko Oath Yakarurama Here?

Nyanzvi dzemitemo dzinobvuma zvikuru kuti mhiko yacho inosungirwa. Hapana purezidhendi ati ambova nenzvimbo pasina kuidzokorora. Pfundo bedzi rinotaurwa nderokuti purezidhendi anogona kubatira kwenguva pfupi pasina mhiko mumugariro wekurumidziro. Zvakadai sedenho yenyukireya paZuva rokuUnatsiridza. Murangariro wakapararira ndewokuti purezidhendi anosarudza haagoni kupinda pakuitwa kwebasa ripi neripi rehurumende kutozosvikira mhiko yaitwa. Chipikirwa hachisi chingori chigaro bedzi; itsika kushandisirwa kwesimba rechiremera. Dare Rapamusoro harina kutongotonga zvakananga panhau iyi, asi matare akaderera zvikuru akadudza chinodikanwa apo anotonga kuva nomutengo wezviito zvapurezidhendi. Muitiro, purezidhendi ari wose akapika nokukurumidza, uye gadziriro yacho haina kutongoiswa mumuedzo.

Nokuda kwokupinda kukuru zvikuru muruzivo rwebumbiro remitemo, ona mushumo weCongregational Research Service pa [[FLT: 0] Prebidential Suctive trandmentation [[FLT: 1].

Zvikamu zveMabhuku uye Kuronga Kunofambirana Nezvako

Nhamo Yezvokurapa Pazuva Rokupera Kwemari

Ko kana purezidhendi akasarudzwa kana kuti kubatwa nehosha yemwoyo maminiti pamberi pemhiko yakarongwa?

Kuramba Kutora Mucheto

Kana mutongi akaramba chose chose kudzokorora mhiko yacho, mugariro ungava usina kumboitika uye wanyongana pamutemo. Bumbiro reMitemo harisati richigovera basa kutenderera. Hofisi yacho haingatongozadziki. Gadziriro yeTrienth Amendment yokuva mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi anoshanda bedzi kana purezidhendi akasarudza akafa. Pamushonga kana akaramba. Pangano ingapa mutemo wekurumidziro kuti izadze nzvimbo yacho, asi ingatarisana nedenho dzebumbiro remitemo. Chisarumbiso chakakodzera zvikurusa chichava chidzoso chedzvinyiriro (8) kubatanidza kusatenderwa kwemutengiri asingadi kupfurikidza neImba yedavi yedaidzo bedzi. Mugumi na4 havasati vachizotongoedzwa.

Kutyisidzira Kwechengeteko Nenzvimbo Dzisiri Dzomuzvarirwo

Pashure pedenho dzaSeptember 11, kuronga nokuda kweInaugtion Day kwakawedzerwa. Vakuru vakuru vehurumende vakazivisa nzvimbo dzakachengeteka umo mugadziri wapurezidhendi angagona kuita mhiko kana mutambo wegamuchidzanwa paCapitol ukakanganisika. Somuenzaniso, muchinoitika chetyisidziro yamagandanga, mhiko ingapiwa muimba kana kuti pakuvakwa kwechiuto. Musi wemhiko yacho (8:20) unomiswa neMfumo yePreamhedment asi nzvimbo yacho haisati. Secrever neJoint Chiro chaMachief eStaff ane kupfuurira kwadzoresadzo yehurumende inobatanidza kukurumidza kuvimbisa kusava nomurayiro nedzori.

White House Historical Association inokurukura mhindumupindu yechengeteko yokutsaurira mu [[FLT: 0] yaro patsauriro yapurezidhendi [[[FLT: 1]].

Basa Revatongi Vakuru Nevamwe Vakuru Vakuru

Ruramisiro huru inoita mhiko yacho zvikurukuru, asi haisati iri chinodikanwa chebumbiro remitemo. Mapurezidhendi akawanda akapikirwa navamwe vatongi kana kuti vakuru vakuru mumigariro inokurumidzira. Somuenzaniso, Calvin Coolidge akaita mhiko kubva paruzhinji mumusha wababa vake pashure porufu rwaPurezidhendi. Kana Chiratidzo chikuru chakanga chisingawaniki paInaugation Day, mutongi upi noupi wehurumende kana kuti kunyange mutongi wehurumende aigona kuisa mhiko. Chinokosha ndechokuti mhiko yacho inodzokororwa; munhu anoidzokorora ndeyepiri. Uku kuchinja kunovimbisa kuti kupfuudzira kwezvokurapwa kana kuti kukurumidza kudzosa simba.

Mugumisiro: Kutendeutswa Kwegadziriro yeBumbiro reMitemo

Mano eUnited States okugona kubata nemhiko yacho anotsamira pagadziriro yakatsiga yerugwaro rwebumbiro-mitemo, kugadziridzwa kwemitemo, mirau, uye muenzaniso wenhau. Twentieth Amendment inogovera mhinduro yakajeka nokuda kworufu rwapurezidhendi akagadzwa. Makumi maviri-Fiffth Amendment anofukidza kupfupika kwechibvumirano pashure pemhiko. Chibvumirano chaPrezidhendi chinozadza miganhu yasara. Chibvumirano chenhau cheProfection Reconficial Act chinodoms perset pedyo nemhication to Rooselt, uye muchinjikwano yose yemitemo inofanira kubvumikisa kuti kuuraya kwaro. Nepo pasina chirongwa chegadziriro yemitemo inopfupika, muMusingwiri weChipiri chetsika chinoto chetsika chichaitika chakatichipitichino chatongeidzwa kudarika mumwe chete, kana kuti mumwe muDa.