Sarudzo yapurezidhendi ndeimwe yemiitiro yedemocracy inokosha zvikurusa munyika ipi neipi, zvikurukuru muUnited States. Inomirira inzwi reboka ravagari vemo vanosarudza mutungamiriri wavo ndokusarudza nhungamiro yenyika yavo kwamakore mana anotevera. Kunzwisisa kuti iyi gadziriro yakaoma inoshanda sei kunokosha nokuda kwomugari wemo ari wose anoda kutora rutivi nenzira ine revo muhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Iyi nhungamiro yakakwana inoputsa rutivi rwuri rwose rwemuitiro wesarudzo yapurezidhendi, kuvambira pamibato yenhare kusvikira pazuva rokutsaurira.

Kunzwisisa Nguva Yakagadzwa Yavatungamiriri Vehurumende

Sarudzo yapurezidhendi weUnited States inoitika makore mana ari ose uye inoratidzirwa nezvinoitika zvayo zvakaoma nezvinoshamisa. Maererano neDare on Foreign Relations, Kusarudzwa kwaPurezidhendi weU. ndi “imwe yemibato yakaoma zvikurusa, yakareba, uye inodhura munyika. ” Muitiro wose unowanzosvika makore maviri, unotanga nematare anoongorora uye unoguma nokutsaurirwa kwapurezidhendi achangobva kusarudzwa.

Sarudzo yapurezidhendi inoitika paChipiri pashure poMuvhuro wokutanga muna November. Zvisinei, rwendo rwokuenda kuzuva iroro resarudzo runotanga pakuvamba zvikuru. Muitiro woupurezidhendi muU.S. unotanga muchando chegore pamberi peMutevedzeri Mukuru Ecomment uye unopedza rinenge gore. Iyi nguva refu inobvumira vadaviri kuvaka zita, kuisa mari, uye kukurukura nzvimbo dzavo dzemitemo kuvhotera munyika yose.

Zvinodikanwa Zvebumbiro reMitemo Nokuda KwavaPurezidhendi

Usati wapinda mumuitiro wesarudzo umene, kunokosha kunzwisisa kuti ndiani anogona kushandira purezidhendi. Bumbiro reMitemo reU.S. rinosimbisa zvinodikanwa chaizvo zvokusagona kuva purezidhendi. Mudaviri anofanira kuva mugari weUnited States akaberekwa mumuzvarirwo, ane makore 35 okukura, uye ave ari mugari weUnited States kwaanenge makore 14. Zvinodikanwa izvi zvinovimbisa kuti purezidhendi ane batano dzakadzika nenyika uye anoziva upenyu zvakakwana kuti atange mitoro yehofisi.

Madandimendi anofanira kuisa masherufu akasiyana muimwe neimwe yerenyika 50 kana vachida kukwaniriswa papepa rehurumende imwe neimwe, uye zvinodikanwa zvokunyora zvinosiana nehurumende. Uku kurongeka kunoreva kuti kumhanyira purezidhendi kunoda kufambisa mitemo nemirau 50 yakasiyana - siyana, kuwedzera kuoma kwegadziriro yenhimbe.

Kuongorora Nokutanga Kwenhimbe

Rwendo rwokuva vakatendeseka runotanga pachine makore, nevanoda kukurukura, kuvhota, uye kuunganidza mari kuti vagadzirire nhimbe dzavo.

Kana vada kubhapatidzwa vangosarudza bedzi kumhanya, vanofanira kutanga kukurukura icho nebato ravo, kutanga nzvero mumativi akasiana - siana enyika kuti vaone banza ravo rokuwina, kuronga nzvimbo dzavo dzapamutemo dzezvamatongerwe enyika panhau dzinokosha dzenguva yacho, uye zvinokosha zvikurusa, kusimudzira mari yakawanda. Mari zhinjisa yenhimbe yapurezidhendi inowanzobva mumatare ezviito zvamatongerwe enyika (PAC), mipiro, uye mapato ezvamatongerwe enyika amene madhora (mabhirigirama emadhora) akashandiswa munhau yose pakuvhota.

Nemhaka yechinjo kumitemo yemari yenyika chifo chama 1970 pamusoro pokuziviswa kwemipiro yenhimbe dzehurumende, vakwikwidzani vanobva kumapati makuru ezvamatongerwe enyika vanowanzozivisa vavariro dzavo dzokukurumidza kuvamba sechirimo chekarenda yapfuura gore pamberi pesarudzo (inenge mwedzi 21 pamberi poKupera Kwemari).

Muitiro Wepokutanga Newecaucus

Gadziriro yapurezidhendi yokusarudza zvikurukuru inobatanidza masangano makuru maviri ezvamatongerwe enyika, Democratic Party neRepublican Party, ayo anoitisa sarudzo dzapakuvamba dzinozivikanwa savaprimiry kana kuti vasarudzi kuti asarudze vadavirirwi vavo nokuda kwesarudzo yorudzi. aya makwikwi anobatira somuedzo mukuru wokutanga wekukwanisa uye chikumbiro kuvavhoti.

Ko Mitoro Chii?

Vatongi vasarudzo venzvimbo yehurumende apo mitezo yebato yakanyoreswa inovhota nokuda kwomudarudzo wavo. Muitiro wesarudzo unovamba neprimmist naparutsi muna January kana kuti February wegore resarudzo. Vaparidzi vanorongwa nezviremera zvehurumende nevomunzvimbomo vachishandisa chivhoti chakavanzika kuvhotera vada kuvapurezidhendi vane tariro vomubato rimwe nerimwe. Gadziriro nemitemo yemaprime inosiparati inosiana zvikuru kubva kuhurumende nehurumende.

Mukati mePresidential Preference Evolution, vavhoti vakanyoreswa bedzi mubato iroro rezvamatongerwe enyika vanogona kuvhota mugadhendi webato iroro pabhoti. Ikoku kunozivikanwa sePresidentiad Primary. Zvisinei, dzimwe nyika dzinobvumira kuchinjika kwakawanda. Mamwe mapati ezvamatongerwe enyika anosarudza kubvumira kuti Party Preference (NP) ive inovhota kutora rutivi mauri mukuru pasina kunyoresazve. Izvozvinozivikanwa se "chipuricrocrea" kana kuti Presidential aPritial.

Kunzwisisa Kunoparira

Kusiyana nezvinoitwa nevatungamiriri vechechi, zvinoshanda sasarudzo dzegamuchidzanwa dzine mavhota akavanzika, makambani epamubato kuungana kwomunzvimbomo uko nhengo dzepapati dzinokurukura vanoda kusarudzwa uye kuvhota pachena.

Kutanga muna February zvinoitika zvikuru zvokuvhota neCaucuuses zvichatungamirira kuhama dzichasarudza nhume dzichamirira vanhu pakokorodzano dziri kuuya.

Gadziriro Yenhume

Nyika imwe neimwe, District of Columbia nedzimwe ndima dzeUS dzinogoverwa nhamba yenhume, dzinowanzosarudzwa noukuru hwevagari vemo. Mukuwedzera, mutoo unoshandiswa kugadziridza nhamba kupfurikidza ne "kupazve" nyika idzo, somuenzaniso, dzinovhotera nokuda kwomumiriri wokupedzisira webato. Nhume idzi dzinomirira nyika yavo mukokorodzano yorudzi uye vhota kusarudza mutungamiriri webato rimwe nerimwe.

Kune marudzi maviri enhume mugadziriro yeDemocratic Party. Nhume dzakapikirwa dzinofanira kutsigira aibhapatidzwa kwadzinogoverwa mucaucus huru kana kuti mucaucus, nepo chiverengero chaicho chenhume dzisina kudzivirirwa kana kuti mahwindi makuru chinogona kusarudza nenzira yakasununguka kuti ndiani mudaviridziri wadzingada kutsigira. Mukuvamba kwama 1980 Democratic Party dzakaedza kudzorera mamiriro okudzora ebato mukuita mapuresiti kupfurikidza nokugadzira boka chairo renhume dzisina kudzivirirwa vanozivikanwa kazhinji kazhinji samasuperdelege.

Kokorodzano Dzeboka Rorudzi

Mapati ezvamatongerwe enyika anoita kokorodzano dzenyika kuti asarudze mutungamiriri webato nemutevedzeri wapurezidhendi. Kokorodzano yenyika yebato rimwe nerimwe inoitirwa muzhizha regore resarudzo. Mavhoti mazhinjisa enhume anodikanwa kugamuchira kusarudzwa kwebato racho, iro rinotosvikwa uye rinoziviswa kokorodzano dzenyika dzisati dzaitwa.

Nhume dzehurumende dzinobva muvamiririri namabudisi akasarudzwa kumirira vanhu zvino "endi" vadikanwi vavo vanodiwa uye mutungamiriri wokupedzisira webato rimwe nerimwe achaziviswa pamutemo pamugumo wekokorodzano. Mutsigiri wapurezidhendi anosarudzawo mukwanyina anoshanda (mutsigiri woMutungamiriri weVice).

Kokorodzano dzenyika dzinobatira madonzo akawanda kupfuura kungova bedzi vanoda kunyorwa. Zvinogovera banza nokuda kwebato kubatana seri kwechikamu charo, nyeredzi dzinokwira mukati mebato, uye zvinoparira mbavarira pakati pemitezo yebato navanhu vose. Kokorodzano dzinobvumirawo papati kupa chikuva chayo nea chinyorwa chinoratidzira nzvimbo dzebato panhau huru.

Mushandirapamwe Wekusarudza

Pashure pokunge kokorodzano dzaguma, kukwikwidza kwapachivande kunoitwa muvhoti kunoitwa, vanoda kuisa pfungwa dzavo kunhimbe yesarudzo, nyika dzinoronga zvakanaka uko muvhoti asina chokwadi. Nhimbe yavanapurezidhendi munyika yose kuti vatsigirwe nevanhu vose.

Mabasa Nemibato Zvokuronga

Nhimbe dzavanoda kupfuurira kusvikira kuZuva roKusarudza, apo Rudzi pakupedzisira runovhota Purezidhendi warwo. Vanoda kubhapatidzwa vanofamba munyika yose, vachiita kuoneka kwapachena nokupa hurukuro. Mishandirapamwe yazvino uno inoshandisa nzira dzakasiana-----------phaa dzekurukurirano, kubatanidza kushambadza kweterevhizheni, zvinobudisa nhau dzenzanga, nhimbe dzemaemail, kubhanga kwapasuo, kuridza suo napamba, uye misangano mikuru.

Pashure pokunge vapfumi vebato rimwe nerimwe rezvamatongerwe enyika vasarudzwa, vadari vapurezidhendi vanoenda kundorwa munhare munyika yose. Vanoenda kumisangano yemisangano uye vanotora rutivi munharo kuti vawane tsigiro yavavhoti munyika yose. Uyezve, vanotsanangura zvirongwa zvavo nemirangariro kunzanga.

Gakava RaPurezidhendi

Gakava raPurezidhendi razova chinhu chikuru chenhimbe dzazvino uno. Izvi zvinoitika zvakaratidzirwa paterevhizheni zvinobvumira vanoda kusvitsa nzvimbo dzavo zvakananga kumamirioni avaoni, kugamuchira nharo dzavashori vavo, uye kuratidzira zivo yavo nechimiro chendangariro mudzvinyiriro. Kazhinji kazhinji, kune kurukurirano nhatu dzapurezidhendi nenharo imwe youipi mukati menhimbe yesarudzo.

Gakava rinowanzorongwa neCommission on Presidential Detaints, sangano risingapinduri mhindu rakatangwa muna 1987. Gadziriro, misoro, uye vamiriri vanokurukurwa pakati penhimbe nemuitiro. Idzi kurukurirano dzinowanzomirira nhambo dzinokosha munhimbe, nekuita kwakasimba kana kuti kusina kusimba kungachinja murangariro womuvhoti.

Kuzvimirira Navatsigiri Vezvikamu Zvechitatu

Vamwe vanhu vanosarudza kumhanyira Purezidhendi pasina kuva vakabatanidzwa nebato rezvematongerwe enyika.vanoda kuzvimirira havadi kusarudzwa kwebato rezvematongerwe enyika, asi vanofanira kusvitsa zvimwe zvinodiwa.

Nepo mapati maduku achiita basa musarudzo yapurezidhendi, hapana akambokunda. Panzvimbo pezvo, aya mapati anowanzobvisa vhoti kubva kumuvhoti akakurumbira, achipa mumwe mudaviri akakurumbira mumwe mugumisiro wokuwedzera. Pasinei zvapo nedenho dzacho, rutivi rwechitatu uye vanoda kubhapatidzwa vanozvisarudzira vanoita basa rinokosha mukuunza ngwariro kunhau idzo dzingazofuratirwa namapoka makuru.

Kunyoresa Nokuzivikanwa

Vagari vemo vasati vagona kutora rutivi musarudzo, vanofanira kunyoresa kuvhota. Kukodzera kwomunhu nokuda kwokuvhota kunorongwa muBumbiro remitemo uye kunodzorwa pamwero wenyika. Chikamu cha15, che 19 nerechi 26 Amendments kuhurumende kuti dare harigoni kurambwa pazvikonzero zvedzinza kana kuti ruvara, vatano, kana kuti zera nokuda kwavagari vemo makore ane gumi namasere kana kuti kupfuura, zvichitevera izvi zvikwaniriso zvikuru. Ibasa rehurumende rokudzora kuvhotera nokunyoresa.

Hurumende dzinotarisira zvisarudzo zvizhinjisa zvemaSarudzo anoitwa. Ikoku kunoreva kuti hurumende iri yose ine mitemo yakasiana nemirairo nokuda kwevhota, kuvhota kwapakuvamba, kuvhota kusiiwa, uye kuverenga vhoti. Iyi tsika inodzorwa inoreva kuti vavhoti vanofanira kunzwisisa zvinodikanwa chaizvo zvenyika yavo nemisi.

Zvinodikanwa zvokunyoresa zvinowanzobatanidza unzi mugari wemo muhurumende, uye kuita chinodikanwa chezera duku. Dzimwe nyika dzinobvumira kunyoresa kwezuva rimwe chetero, nepo dzimwe dzichida mavhiki okunyoresa pamberi pesarudzo. Zvizhinji zvenyika zvinopa kunyoresa paIndaneti, zvichiita kuti muitiro wacho uve nyore zvikuru kuvavhoti.

Zuva Rokusarudza: Kugadzira Zvokutaura Zvako

Sarudzo yaPurezidhendi inoitika paChipiri pashure poMuvhuro wokutanga muna November. Pazuva rino, mamirioni eAmerica anotungamirira kundovhota nzvimbo munyika yose kuti akanda mavhoti avo. PaZuva reEcomtion, vavhoti vanoenda kunzvimbo yokuvhota ndokuvhota nokuda kwomudikani wavo anodiwa.

Vavhota vane zvisarudzo zvinoverengeka zvokukanda mapepa avo, zvichitsamira pamitemo yavo. Kuvhota kwamagamuchidzanwa paZuva rorusarudzo kunoramba kwakakurumbira, asi nyika zhinji dzinopa nhambo dzokuvhota dzapakuvamba dzinobvumira vagari vomunyika kuvhota pamberi poMusi wokuvhota. Matsamba kana kuti kuvhota kwapamusha kwazovawo kwakarovedzeka zvikuru, kubvumira vavhoti kupedza matura avo pamusha ndokuadzosa neposi kana kuti panzvimbo dzinodonha dzakasarudzwa.

Mitemo yeSarudzo yeHurumende inorangarira rutivi rwamasarudzo apurezidhendi rwesarudzo yavose, urwo runobatanidza makwikwi esangano, hurumende, uye mahofisi omunzvimbomo, naizvozvo aya marudzi ose anooneka zvikurukuru papepa rimwe.Izvi zvinoreva kuti vavhoti vari kuita zvisarudzo kwete bedzi pamusoro poupurezidhendi, asi pamusoro pedzimwe hofisi dzakawanda uye zviito zvamabhombawo.

Electoral College System

Sarudzo yapurezidhendi uye mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi weUnited States kusarudzwa kusina kunanga umo vagari vomuUnited States vanonyoreswa kuvhota mapepa okuvhotera kwete zvakananga nokuda kwehofisi idzodzo, asi nokuda kwemitezo yeElectoral College.

Kushanda Kunoita Electoral College

Madzibaba Akatanga Kuumba Akaita Kuti Asarudzwe naPurezidhendi nedare reCongress uye Sarudzo yakaitwa nevoruzhinji vevagari vemo vanokwanisa, zvimwe zvacho zvakaaumba semasarudzo akaitwa nedare reCongress uye kusarudzwa kwaPurezidhendi nevhoti yakakurumbira.

Electoral College ine 538 vavhoti. Voti 270 dzevavhoti dzinodikanwa kuvhota Purezidhendi. Hurumende imwe neimwe inowana vavhoti vakawanda savane mitezo yeCongress (Imba neDare). Inobatanidza Washington, D.C. vavhoti vatatu, pari zvino pane vavhoti 538 vose.

Mukati momuitiro chaiwoiwo wokuvhota, vagari vemo havavhoti zvakananga nokuda kwavada kugadzwa asi nokuda kwechirevo chavavhoti vanovimbiswa kuvada kubhapatidzwa. Apo vanhu vanovhota, ivo chaizvoizvo vavhotera boka ravanhu rinonzi vavhoti. Iyi gadziriro isina kunanga inoreva kuti vhoti yakakurumbira munyika imwe neimwe ichasarudza kuti ipepai ravavhoti vehurumende iyoyo richavhota.

Muwine Tora zvose. Zviteshi zveProportical System

Nyika dzina makumi mana navasere neRuwa rweColumbia zvinoshandisa gadziriro yokuwana yose, zvichipa mubayiro mavhoti adzo ose kuna mukundi akakurumbira anowana vhoti munyika. Maine naNebraska vanopa mubayiro vhoti mumwe kuvhoti yakakurumbira mumaruwa avo ose esangano uye mavhoti avo maviri asara kumukundi wehurumende yose.

Iyi tsika inokunda yose mumiganhu mizhinji inoreva kuti mukwikwidzi anohwina nyika nemucheto muduku anogamuchira zvose zvamavhoti akasarudzwa enyika iyoyo. Ikoku kunoparira ukoshi hwe "maruwa anokwidza" kana kuti "titletross" mativi umo hapana mubato une betsero yakajeka uye apo muuyo usina chokwadi.

Kusangana Kwavarangari

Musangano wavavhoti unoitika paChipiri chokutanga pashure peChitatu chechipiri muna December pashure pesarudzo.Electoral College haisi chaizvoizvo kuungana kumwe chete.

PaMuvhuro wokutanga pashure peChitatu chechipiri muna December, vavhoti ivavo vanosangana — zvikurukuru mudzimbahwe rehurumende dzavo dzakatsaukana — kuti vasarudze vavhota vakaparadzana nokuda kwapurezidhendi nomutevedzeri wapurezidhendi, uye ava vavhoti vanoendeswa kuDare.

Vazivisi Vasina Kutenda

Chifo chokutangwa kwegadziriro yekoreji inosarudzwa muna 1789, kwave kune vanopfuura 150 "vasatenda" vavhoti, vakadanwa nemhaka yokuti havana kuvhota muvhoti webato ravo vakasarudzwa. Hapana nomumwe wavavhoti vasina kutenda akambochinja muuyo wesarudzo. Nyika zhinji zvino dzine mitemo inosunga vavhoti kuti vavhote vavhotisi avo vakahwina vvhoti yavo yakakurumbira yehurumende.

Chibvumikiso cheCongress uye Kutangwa Kwechechi

Pana January 6 wegore rapashure pesarudzo, rusando rwakabatana rweCongress runorongwa kuva rune nhamba uye runosimbisa vhoti dzevavhoti vakasarudzwa. Kana mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi akagamuchira mavhoti 270 kana kuti kupfuura akasarudzwa, mutevedzeri akagara, achishanda sapurezidhendi weDare, ipapo anozivisa munhu iyeyo kuva mutongi wapurezidhendi, nokudaro achigumisa muitiro wekoreji inosarudzwa.

Muna 2022, kupfuudzwa kweElectoral Count Reform Act kwakajekesazve mabasa chaiwo nemabasa eCongress nemutevedzeri wapurezidhendi mukuverenga magwaro eElectoral College ndokuvimbisa kuti Congress anogamuchira ndokurangarira vhoti dzinosarudzwa idzo dzinoratidzira zvakarurama miuyo yesarudzo. Mutemo uyu wakarongedzerwa kudzivisa nyongano nokushandiswa kwegadziriro yokusarudza.

Zuva rokuutsa zvinhu rinoitika musi waJanuary 20 pachivako cheCapitol muWashington D.C. kutanga, Purezidhendi weU.S. anopikirwa, ozoteverwa naPurezidhendi.

Kusarudza Kunoita

Kana pasina muvhoti mukurusa wevavhoti vakasarudzwa, vhoti yacho inoenda kuImba yaVamiririri. Ikoku kwakaitika kaviri. Kana pasina muvhoti anowana vanenge 270, House of Desics, anosarudza pakati pavapedzi vatatu vakasarudzwa vapamusoro, anosarudza purezidhendi kupfurikidza nevoruzhinji vakapfava.

Nguva yokutanga yakanga iri pashure pesarudzo yapurezidhendi ya1800 apo House yakasarudza Thomas Jefferson. Pashure pesarudzo yapurezidhendi ya 1824, House yakasarudza John Quincy Adams sapurezidhendi. Musarudzo yamarundi avanhu, nhume imwe neimwe yehurumende muImba inowana vhoti imwe, pasinei zvapo nechiverengero chavagari vehurumende, ichichiita muitiro wakasiana zvikuru neElectoral College system yenguva dzose.

Nharo Dzinopfuudzwa Nevanhu Vose

Zvinobvira kuhwina Electoral College asi worasikirwa nevhoti yakakurumbira. Izvi zvakaitika muna 2016, 2000, uye katatu muma1800. Rutherford Hayes (1888), Benjamin Harrison (1888), George W. Bush (2000), uye Donald Trump (2016) mumwe nomumwe akahwina vhoti yakasarudzwa apo akarasikirwa nevhoti yakakurumbira. (Muchiitiko chapashure apa, Hillary Clinton akagamuchira anenge mamiriyoni matatu akakurumbira kupfuura Trump.)

Iyi bviro yakamutsa gakava rinopfuurira pamusoro peElectoral College. Iyi gadziriro yepakoreji inosarudzwa inogona kutungamirira kumigariro umo mukwikwidzi anowana sachigaro pasina kuwina vhoti yakakurumbira, achisimbisa pesvedzero yenhamba dzinosarudzwa nehurumende. Nepo vamwe vanorangarira koreji inosarudzwa senzira yokudzikamisa nayo ratidziro pakati penyika, revo pamusoro pomuitiro wedemocracy inopfuurira kuva nhau yekurukurirano.

Kuchinja kwapakarepo kwaizoda kugadziridzwa kwebumbiro remitemo kuti kuchinjike. Kushandura Electoral College kungada kuti pave negadziridzo yebumbiro remitemo. Chivharo ichi chakakwirira chokuchinja chinoreva kuti pasinei nenharo dzinoramba dzichiitwa, Electoral College system inoramba iripo.

Basa Remari Mukusarudzwa KwaPurezidhendi

Kubudirira pakusarudza kunofanira kutsigira kushambadza munzvimbo dzakasiyana - siyana, kupinza vashandi muzvinhu zvakawanda zvinobudisa nhau, kuongorora nokutsvakurudza, kuronga zviitiko, uye kuchengeta mashoko akakurumbira kuti vazive uye vaunganidze vanhu vanozvivhota.

Mitemo yezvemari inodzora kuti mari ingasimudzwa sei uye kupedzwa musarudzo yapurezidhendi.Majekiseni anofanira kuzivisa vapi navapi uye ndyiko, uye pane miganhu pamusoro pokuti vanhu vanogona kubetsera sei zvakananga kunhimbe.

Zvisinei, mukusarudza kuchangobva kuitwa, vakuru vakuru vebato vakasarudza chaizvoizvo kusarudzirwa mari yavose nemhaka yokuti vanogona kuunganidza mari yakawanda vari voga kupfuura inopiwa negadziriro yemari yavose.

Kukosha Kwokuchera Masangano

Nemhaka yeElectoral College uye nzira yose yokukunda inoshandiswa nenyika zhinji, nhimbe dzapurezidhendi dzinonangidzira ngwariro zvikuru pachiverengero chiduku zvikuru chenyika dzemakwikwi. Idzi nharaunda" kana kuti "nyika dzedavi" dziri mativi umo vose vari vaviri vanokwikwidza pamapati vane mukana chaiwoiwo wokuwina.

Mitemo iyo inovhota nguva dzose nokuda kwomumwe munhu — kunyange iri nzvimbo ine Democratic kana kuti Republican — inogamuchira ngwariro shomanene kubva munhimbe nemhaka yokuti muuyo wacho wakafanosarudzwa zvikuru. Uku kuiswa kwezviwanikwa zvenhimbe mumitezo kunoreva kuti vavhoti vari munyika idzodzi vanoona kushambadza kwenhimbe, shanyo dzevada kubhapatidzwa, uye midzi youswa ichironga kupfuura vavhoti munyika dzisiri dzemakwikwikwidza.

Nyika dzaimbova nekodzero yokuita makwikwi dzinogona kuchinja nokufamba kwenguva sezvo mamiriro ezvinhu ezvechizvarwa uye ezvematongerwo enyika achichinja.

Kuchinja Nokutora Rutivi

Voter avhota − percentage yevovhoti vakakodzera avo vanokandira zvomenemene vavhotiswo chaikoiko kubva pasarudzo kuenda kusarudzo. Sarudzo yapurezidhendi inowanzoona nhambo yakakwirira kupfuura sarudzo dzapakati penhambo, asi United States kazhinji kazhinji ine muvhoti akaderera kupfuura dzimwe hurumende dzakawanda dzakabudirira.

Zvisakiso zvakawanda zvinotapura muvhoti, kubatanidza makwikwi enhangemutange, kubudirira kwenhamburiko dzokubuda, mitemo yokuvhota, zvakanakira kuvhota (zvakadai sokuvhota kwapakuvamba nemuvhotera), uye pfungwa yavavhoti yokuti nhau dzavo dzokuvhota. Electoral College inogona kutapura kuvhota, sezvo vavhoti munyika dzisiri dzechitsinhano vanganzwa kuti vhoti yavo haitsiwi zvikuru.

Nhamburiko dzokuwedzera muvhoti dzinobatanidza sundo dzokunyoresa muvhoti, nhimbe dzedzidzo pamusoro pomuitiro wokuvhota, kukura kwezvisarudzo zvapakuvamba uye mavhota mutsamba, uye kuita kuti Zuva Rokusarudza rive zororo kana kuti kuriendesa kuvhiki. imwe neimwe yeiyi mitoo ine vatsigiri navatsoropodzi, uye gakava pamusoro pokuwana nokusarudzwa rinopfuurira kuva nhau dzinokosha dzezvamatongerwe enyika.

Basa Rezvinobudisa Mashoko Nezvoruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu

Mapepanhau anoita basa rinokosha musarudzo. Mishumo yezvinobudisa nhau yakadai semapepanhau, mapurogiramu eterevhizheni, uye nhepfenyuro dzinopa kufukidzwa kwenhau, nharo dzinoitirwa vanhu, uye kuongorora nhangemutange. Kukwira kwenhau dzetambo kwakaparira kubatanidzwa kwemasarudzo kwemaawa 24, nepo Internet uye masangano emagariro evanhu zvakachinjazve kuti masangano anokurukurirana sei nevavhoti uye kuti mashoko evavhoti pamusoro pevanenge vachida kupinda munhabvu.

Zvikamu zvemakambani zvinobvumira vanoda kutaurirana zvakananga nevavhota pasina maredhiyo ezvinobudisa nhau. Mishandirapamwe inoshandisa mashoko akaoma kuti ironge vavhoti nemashoko akagadzirirwa. Zvisinei, ruzivo urwu rwokugadzira zvinhu rwakamutsawo kunetseka pamusoro pemashoko asiri iwo, kupindira mune dzimwe nyika, kuva voga, uye kuumbwa kwezvitoro zvemanzwi umo vavhoti vanongosangana bedzi nemashoko anosimbisa zvitendero zvavo zviripo.

Kunzvera idi kwazova rutivi runokosha rwesarudzo, namasangano enhau uye vacherekedzi vakazvimirira vanonzvera ururami hwemashoko avada kusarudzwa. Zvisinei, kushanda kweidi mukuchinja mifungo kunoramba kuri nhau yekurukurirano.

Chengeteko Yechisarudzo Nokutendeseka

Kusimbisa chengeteko neperero zvesarudzo iitiro hanya huru muhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu ipi neipi. United States inoshandisa gadziriro yamasarudzo yakaisvonaka, nehurumende imwe neimwe uye kazhinji kazhinji nyika imwe neimwe ine mutoro wokuita sarudzo. Uku kuzviisa pasi kunopa betsero dzakati kuti dzechengeteko. Hapana pfundo rimwe rokundikano iro rinogona kubvumiranisa pane zvisina kufanira kusarudzwa kwose kworudzi (asi kunoparirawo denho mukuchengeta mipimo nemiitiro yechengeteko.

Kuchengeteka kwekusarudza kunosanganisira kudzivirira kutyisidzirwa kwakasiyana - siyana, kusanganisira kurwiswa kwemakombiyuta kwegadziriro dzokuvhota kana kuti mapepa okunyoresa, kuchengetedzwa kwemavhoti nemakambani okuvhota, uye kurongwa kwokubudisa mashoko kwakaitirwa kuvhiringidza vavhoti kana kuti kuderedza chivimbo mumigumisiro yesarudzo.

Kuongorora uku kunogona kusanganisira kuisa nhamba dzepepa mumabhuku okuverenga pamaoko kuti kuenzaniswe nenhamba dzemichina, kuongorora kuti michina yokuvhota yaishanda zvakanaka, uye kuongorora kuti mavhota ainyatsotevedzerwa musengwa wose.

Kufambiswa Kune Rugare Kwesimba

Chimwe chezviratidzo zvehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica chave chiri kuchinjwa kworugare kwesimba kubva kuhurumende imwe kuenda kune imwe.

Kuchinja uku kunosanganisira kupfupikisa purezidhendi mutsva neboka ravo panyaya dzekuchengeteka kwenyika, nhau dzemitemo dzinoramba dzichiitwa, uye kushanda kwehurumende yehurumende.

Kutamiswa kune rugare kwesimba kunomirira kuzvipira kunheyo dzehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu kupfuura fariro dzinoparadzanisa.

Hurumende uye Kusarudzwa Kwomunzvimbomo paBalot yakafanana

Apo sarudzo yapurezidhendi inogamuchira ngwariro hurusa, vavhoti vari kuita chaizvoizvo zvisarudzo pamusoro pedzimwe hofisi dzakawanda nenhau panguva imwe cheteyo. Sarudzo yeCongregation yeImba yaVamiriri neDare dzinoitika panguva imwe cheteyo nesarudzo dzapurezidhendi.

Sarudzo dzomunzvimbomo dzameya, mitezo yedare reguta, vakuru vakuru veruwa, mitezo yeboka rechikoro, uye zvimwe nzvimbo zvomunzvimbomo zvingaonekawo papepa rimwe chetero. Kuwedzera, nyika dzakawanda dzinobatanidza zvitsauko zvebhora kana kuti zvikarakadzo zvinobvumira vavhoti kusarudza zvakananga pamibvunzo yakananga yetsika kana kuti kugadziriswa kwebumbiro remitemo.

Iyi mijaho yezvibharo yakaderera nemirau yezvokuvhota inogona kuva netapuro huru paupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwevavhoti, kazhinji kazhinji zvakananga zvikuru kupfuura sarudzo yapurezidhendi. Vakuru vakuru vomunzvimbomo vanoita zvisarudzo pamusoro pezvikoro, migwagwa, chengeteko yavose, uye mitero yomunzvimbomo. Vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanosarudza miitiro padzidzo, tarisiro youtano, ruramisiro youtsotsi, uye dzimwe nhau dzakawanda. Kunzwisisa chisarudzo chakakwana uye kuita zvisarudzo zvapamutemo pamadzinza ose nezviito rutivi runokosha rwekutora rutivi rwehurumende.

Kushanduka - shanduka Kwenhau Kwezvisarudzo ZvaPrezidhendi

Gadziriro yapurezidhendi yakachinja zvikuru chifo chesarudzo yokutanga yapurezidhendi muna 1789. Pakuvamba, Bumbiro remitemo rakagovera kuti muvhoti mumwe nomumwe aizovhota mavhoti maviri apurezidhendi, mumhanyi achizova mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi. Iyi tsika yakakurumidza kubvumikisa kuva ine chinetso uye yakachinjwa nePendezhedment yechi12 muna 1804, iyo yakatanga vhoti dzakaparadzana dzapurezidhendi nomutevedzeri wapurezidhendi.

Wedzero yekodzero dzokuvhota yave iri imwe yechinjo hurusa muAmerica. Pakuvamba, vatengi vezvinhu vechichena bedzi ndivo vaigona kuvhota munyika dzakawanda. 15th Amendment (170) yakarambidza kurambwa kwekodzero yokuvhota parudzi, kunyange zvazvo miitiro yokuvhota yakapfuurira kudzivisa vagari veAfrica vazhinji kuvhota kutozosvikira kuChibvumirano cheRevotionstion cha1956. Chibvumirano che 19th Reformation (1920) chakapa vakadzi maruramiro okuvhota.

Gadziriro huru yokusarudza vamirineri ifambiro mberi yazvino uno zvikuru. Kuzhinji kwenhau yeAmerica, vatungamiriri vebato vakasarudza vamineri pakokorodzano pasina mubatanidzwa kubva kuvavhotiwo zvavo. Gadziriro yokutanga yakatangwa zvishoma nezvishoma mukuvamba kwezana ramakore rechi20 ndokuva mutoo mukuru wokusarudza vamine pashure pechinjo muma 1970.

Mirangariro Yamarudzi Ose Pazvisarudzo zveAmerica

Sarudzo yapurezidhendi weAmerica yakasiana pakati pehurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu. Nyika zhinjisa dzehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu dzinoshandisa gadziriro dzeparamende umo vavhoti vanogadza mitemo vanosarudza, uye vaiti vemitemo ivavo ipapo vanosarudza mutungamiriri wehurumende. Sarudzo yakananga yapurezidhendi haina kujairika zvikuru, uye Electoral College system inonyatsova yechienzi kuUnited States.

Vacherekedzi venyika dzakawanda vanowanzowana Sarudzo dzeAmerica dzichikangaidza, zvikurukuru Electoral College system, mwaka wenhimbe refu, basa remari mune zvematongerwe enyika, uye kutarisirwa kwakarurama kwesarudzo. Zvisinei, Sarudzo dzeAmerica dzinokwezvawo ngwariro huru yamarudzi ose nemhaka yebasa reUnited States muzvinhu zvenyika yose. Muuyo wesarudzo yapurezidhendi weAmerica unogona kuva netapuro dzinokosha nokuda kwoukama hwamarudzi ose, kutengeserana, chengeteko, uye nhau dzenyika yose kufanana nokuchinja kwemamiriro okunze.

Kubatanidzwa Kwebic Kunopfuura Kupiwa

Kunyange zvazvo kuvhota kuri nzira yakananga zvikuru iyo vagari vemo vanobatanidzwa nayo mukusarudza kwapurezidhendi, kune dzimwe nzira dzakawanda dzokupinda nadzo mumuitiro wehurumende yehurumende.Vagari vemo vanogona kuzvipira nokuda kwenhimbe, kuita runhare, kugogodza pamasuo, kana kuti kubetsera nechitima chokunyoresa vavhoti. vanogona kupinda zviitiko zvenhimbe, horo dzetaundi, uye nharo kuti vadzidze zvakawanda pamusoro pevanoda kubhapatidzwa nenhau.

Kutora rutivi mune zvematongerwe enyika kunogonawo kubatanidza kukurukura zvamatongerwe enyika neshamwari nemhuri, kuramba uchiziviswa pamusoro pezvinoitika zvazvino uno nenhau dzemiitiro, kuonana navakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa kuti vataure mirangariro, uye kutora rutivi mumasangano okudzora zviremera anoshanda panhau dzeitiro hanya.

Kunzwisisa kuti kusarudzwa kunoshanda sei, kuti hurumende inoshanda sei, uye kuti ingaongorora sei mashoko ezvematongerwe enyika unyanzvi hunokosha zvikuru kuvagari vemo.

Kupedzisa: Kukosha Kwokunzwisisa Zvaunoita

Gadziriro yapurezidhendi yasarudzo yakaoma, inobatanidza nhano dzakawanda kubva padanho rokutanga rokunzvera kupfurikidza nenzvimbo dzapamberi nenzvimbo, kokorodzano dzenyika, nhimbe yavose yeSarudzo, Kuvhota kweZuva reSarudzo, vhoti yeElectoral College, chibvumirano chedare rehurumende yeAmerica, uye pakupedzisira. Uku kuoma kwendangariro kunoratidzira chimiro chehurumende yeAmerica uye kudzikamisa kwokungwarira vagadziri veBumbiro reMitemo vaitsvaka kurovanya fariro neitiro hanya dzakasiana.

Kana vanhu vakanzwisisa kuti mapurezidhendi anosarudzwa sei, voita zvisarudzo zvakanyatsozivikanwa, voita kuti vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa vazvidavirire, uye vanogonawo kuitisana nharo dzakajeka pamusoro pokuti zvinhu zvingachinja sei mararamiro avo uye kunzwisisa zvinoda kugadziriswa.

Pasinei zvapo nokuoma kwaro uye gakava rinopfuurira pamusoro pechinjo dzinobvira, muitiro wokusarudza wapurezidhendi unoramba uri mutoo uyo vaAmerica vanosarudza nawo mutungamiriri wavo ndokushandisa maruramiro avo ehurumende. Makore mana ari ose, uyu muitiro unogovera banza rokuti vagari vemo vaongorore nhungamiro yenyika yavo, varangarire zviono zvakasiana nokuda kwenguva yemberi, uye vanoita kuti manzwi avo anzwiwe kupfurikidza namavhoti avo.

Nokuda kwamashoko ane udzame zvikuru pamusoro pomuitiro wesarudzo yapurezidhendi, unogona kushanyira commotic USA.gov peji yesarudzo , iyo inogovera zviwiso zvakawanda pamusoro pevhoti nesarudzo. National Archives Electoral College mapeji inopa mashoko ane udzame pamusoro penzi reElector College inoshanda. Mukuwedzera, [[FLT:] U.S.IFURFURT .[FF:5] inogovera zvitekoso pamusoro pokutarisira nokuchengeteka.

Ungave uri muvhoti wokutanga kana kuti mutori rutivi kwenguva refu mumuitiro wedemocracy, kunzwisisa gadziriro yapurezidhendi weSarudzo kunokupa simba rokutora zvizere zvikuru murimwe ramabasa anokosha zvikurusa ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu muAmerica. Kupfurikidza nokugara wakaziviswa, kubatanidzwa nenhau, uye kushandisa maruramiro ako okuvhota, unobetsera kugadziriro inopfuurira yokuzvitonga kwoudimocracy iyo inorondedzera kuedza kweAmerica.