Kuwedzera Kwemabumbiro Okumanikidza: Chishandiso Chinovharidzira Kushatisa Mafungiro Evanhu Panhau Dzinoitisana Nharo

Munyika ine njodzi uye isina kujeka yenhimbe dzezvamatongerwe enyika nedzenzanga, mashoko ane simba. Kunyange zvakadaro haasati ari mashoko ose ari ayo anoratidzika. Kupinda munzvero inonyengera yakagadzirirwa kwete kuyera murangariro wavose asi kuushandisa. Kusafanana nokunzverwa kwemifungo yapamutemo, iyo inovavarira nokuda kwechinjo neruramo, inosunda kunzvera chimiro chokunyengetedza. Inozvishatisa imene sokunzvera apo inenge ichiparadzira chaizvoizvo rusarura, yakaremedzwa, kana kuti kunyange mashoko enhema kupesvedzera mirangariro yenhau dzinokakavararira. Kunzwisisa basa rokusa mirangariro kuvhotera kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anoda kufamba nenzvimbo yenhau yanhasi uye kudzivirira hurukuro yedemocracy kubva mupesvedzero yedemocratic.

Kushatisa Kwokumanikidza Chii?

Nzvero inosunda inzira yezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti yenzanga iyo inonyepedzera kuva nzvero yapamutemo. Musiyano mukuru pakati penzvero inomanikidzirwa nenzvero yechokwadi une vavariro nenzvero. Nzvero dzapamutemo dzinoshandisa mibvunzo isina kwayakarerekera kuunganidza mashoko anomirira mirangariro yavanhu. Vari kuvavarira kunzwisisa izvo vanhu vanofunga. Nhambudzo, mukupesana, yakagadzirirwa kuchinja zvinofungwa navanhu. Vane mibvunzo inotungamirira inobatanidza kutaura kusina kusimbiswa, kutaura kwakaipa, kana kuti mutauro unokasharara. Somuenzaniso, panzvimbo pokubvunza, “Unotsigira here gadziriro youtano?” inosunda kubvunza, kuti, “Kungotsigira here chirongwa choutano chavanhu kana uchiziva kuti chichava mutengo mitero kupfurikidza nemabhiriyoni emadhorabhurari ezvo? ”?

Nzvero dzechipurisa dzinowanzoshandisa unyanzvi hunozivikanwa se “Puodo - deving system". kupfurikidza nefoni dzinoshanda, marobhoti anodzorwa nemotokari, kana kuti kunzverwa paIndaneti. Vangataura kuva vanobva kufemu yokunzvera isina kwayakarerekera, asi mutsigiri chaiye anowanzova mutengi, pat, boka reautocy, kana kuti Super PAC. American Association for Public Opinion Research (APOR) inorondedzera kunzvera se “kunzvera kwemapepanhau echinete namaria kunonzi kunzvera” nemhaka yokuti kurangarira kuparadzira mashoko akaipa munzira yokunzvera.

Zvinhu Zvinonyanya Kushatisa Vanhu

  • [[FFLT:0] Donzo rakarongwa: Mubvunzi anoudzwa kuti vari kutora rutivi mukunzvera, asi donzo chairoiro kupwidzira.
  • Mibvunzo ine pfungwa dzisina kururama, mutauro unotungamirira, kana kuti mativi asina kururama.
  • Urefu hwenguva: Nhamba zhinji dzinonzverwa dzinoumbwa nemibvunzo imwe bedzi kana kuti miviri — kungokwana bedzi kupa shoko rakaipa(/] bhetri kupfuura bhatiri rezvinhu zvakawanda.
  • Chiratidzo Chikuru, kuuraya kunokurumidza: Kuvhota kwokuvhota kunowanzoisa makumi ezviuru zvavavhoti munguva pfupi kukudza kuzara kweshoko vashori vasati vagona kupindura.
  • Hamuna mashoko akabatanidzwa: Mutsigiri haawanzonzveri kana kuti kubudisa “ma “buri” nemhaka yokuti mashoko haana revo. Chinangwa bedzi ndechokuchinja mirangariro.

Mienzaniso Yezvakaitika Kare uye Yechokwadi

Kunzverwa kwokumanikidza kwave kuri rutivi rwezvamatongerwe enyika zveAmerica kwamakumi amakore, asi kushandiswa kwaro kwakawedzera nokusvika kwokuridza runhare nefoni yakachipa. Mumwe wemienzaniso yakakurumbira zvikurusa neinomutsa nharo wakaitika mukati mekuwedzera kwapurezidhendi weRepublican muSouth Carolina. Vashandiri vanoshanda nokuda kwaGeorge W. Bush vakaitwa nhimbe yakanyandura kukarakadza kuti Senator John McCain akanga abereka mwana mutema asina pamutemo. Iwo (*) wakava wenhema chose chose chose chose chose chose muwadhi waMaridhesiti McCain' uye akaisa mugwagwa weBhish kundo. Muna 2016, anosunda kunzvera kwakadzokororwa mukati mema, vapamberi vose vari vaviri vapamberi vakatakura mibvunzo mikuru pamusoro penhau yokubuda munyika yokubuda munyika munyika.

Nzvero dzemabhuroke hadzina kuganhurirwa kuUnited States. MuCanada, vhosvo dzehurumende dza2006 dzakaita kuti kuvhozhokerwa kwaishandiswa mukurwisana nomutungamiriri weLiberal Party Paul Martin, neshanyo dzinoreva kuti Conservative Party yaizoderedza mabasa. MuUnited Kingdom, Bretityendum yakamutsa nyunyuto pamusoro pokumanikidzira kunzvera kubva muzvose zviri zviviri Save neSite. Nyika dzose, kunzvera kwakasimbiswa musarudzo kubva Australia kusvikira kuSouth Africa, kazhinji kazhinji kudenha nhau dzenzanga dzakakomba dzakadai senhamo yedzinza, kutama, uye kuzivikanwa kworudzidziso.

Kuchinja Kunoita Kufurira Mafungiro Evanhu Panyaya Dzenzanga Dzinomutsa Kakavadzano

Kubudirira kwenzvero dzokumanikidza kuri mumano adzo okushandisa mirangariro nemitoo inoshanda. Pasi apa pane miitiro mikuru yavanopesvedzera nayo murangariro.

Kusimbisa Kuwedzera Kunoita Vasati Vasvika

Vanhu vanowanzogamuchira mashoko anotsigira zvitendero zvavo zviripo (kutsigira). Nzvero dzechisimba dzinobetsera pana ikoku kupfurikidza nokuisa mibvunzo inofadza kumirangariro yehurumende inozivikanwa yezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti yenzanga. Somuenzaniso, nzvero inomanikidzirwa pakutama ingabvunza muvhoti asingachinjiki: “Unotsigira here mitemo inobvumira maguta anoyera anodzivirira vatami vasina pamutemo vakaita utsotsi hwehurumende, kubva mubatira pamwe nemitemo yehurumende?” Chitsama chakanangurirwa chinosimbiswa chokuti “vatami vehurumende vakaita utsotsi” chinosimbisa murangariro wokuti vatami vose vasina kurongwa vanobva munyika vane ngozi, kunyange zvazvo rondedzero yacho ichitsausa. Kupfurikidza nokusimbisa mubvunzo wacho, vapindukire vanoramba zvikuru utsotsi hwavo?

Kubvisa Mafungiro Nokushandisa Mapikicha

Rondedzero yokuisa rondedzero inoratidzira kuti nhau inopa pesvedzero sei inopa pesvedzero pamusoro peidzo vanhu vanofunga pamusoro payo. Nzvero dzamabhurokero dzinoshandisa kuisa zvisakafanira kubatanidza mubhadharo kana kuti muitiro une miuyo isingadikanwi. Mukurukurirano yokudzora pfuti, somuenzaniso, nzvero yokumanikidzira ingabvunza, kuti: “Unofunga kuti kunogamuchirika here kuti hurumende iganhurire kodzero dzeChipiri dzeRemendement dzevagari vemo dzinodzivisa mutemo kupfurikidza nokurambidza marudzi akati epfuti pfuti, kunyange zvazvo zvirambidzo zvakadaro zvisingadzikisi utsotsi hwemasimba masimba? ”?

Kushora Kunokuvadza uye Kusava Nechokwadi

Nzvero dzechimbichimbi dzinoshandawo kupfurikidza nokuwedzera zvisakafanira zvinofungidzirwa kuva zvisakafanira zvenzvimbo. Vanogona kusima mbeu dzepanikiro pamusoro pounhu hwemubhadhari kana kuti miuyo yemiitiro. Mumamiriro ezvinhu echinjo youtano, nzvero yakamanikidzirwa papombi ingagona kutaura kuti: “Pamuchirongwa chezvoutano chinokarakadzwa, mamiriyoni angarasikirwa neinishuwarenzi yawo yazvino uno uye kutarisana nokusashanda kwakakwirira. Kuziva ikoku kunokuita kuva kushoma zvikuru kutsigira gadziriro yacho?” Kupfurikidza nokupa chiitiko chimwe chakananga, chakaipa, kunobva muvandudziko yacho inopesana nechinjo yezve nechamugadziridzoro chechinhu chacho chakanyorwa zvakanaka. Uku ndiko kushandiswa kwakanakisisa kwezvipo zvinowanika: kana kukurumidza kupindura chiitiko chacho? Vanofunga kuti chaitika.

Nhau Dzinomutsa Kakavadzano Dzinokanganiswa Nokufurira

Kunzverwa kwokumanikidza kunokuvadza zvikurukuru panhau umo zivo yavose yakaganhurirwa uye mirangariro iri kukwira. Pasi apa pane nzvimbo dzinoverengeka umo kunzvera kunokurudzira kwakanyorwa.

Kushandiswa Kwokutama

Kutama kwave kuri nhau inopisa zvikuru muUnited States neEurope zvakafanana. Kunzvera kwokumanikidza kazhinji kazhinji kunobatanidza chinjo dzinokarakadzwa nemibato isiri yapamutemo, ndyiko dzemari, kana kuti kusiiwa kwetsika. Somuenzaniso, mibvunzo ingataura kuti “nzira yokuenda kuunzi” ichakurudzira kubuda kwakawanda kusiri kwapamutemo, kana kuti kuti vatami vanobva kune dzimwe nyika vanounza mwero yakakwirira youtsotsi. Mibvunzo yakadaro haisati ichigovera mugariro wenhau wakadai souyo anotama kunopara mhosva pamwero yakaderera kupfuura vagari vemo vakaberekerwamo (8) asi panzvimbo pezvo kupinza murutyo rwavagari vemo.

Gakava Rokudzora Pfuti

Mativi ose ari maviri ekurukurirano yokudzora pfuti anoshandisa nzvero dzinomanikidzirwa, asi unyanzvi hwacho hunowanzobatanidzwa zvikuru navatsigiri vekodzero dzepfuti vanotsvaka kuunganidza chishoro kuganhuriro itsva. Mubvunzo wokunzverwa unowanzoti: “Mungagona kutsigira mutemo unoda kunzverwa kwenhau pakutengeswa kwepfuti dzomunhu oga, kunyange kana uchiita kuti kunyoreswe chinyorwa chehurumende icho gare gare gare chingagona kushandiswa kubvisa pfuti here?” Mubvunzo unobatanidza nzvero dzekare dzepfuti nemitemo inokarakadzwa zvikuru. Iyi inoshandisa kutya kwehurumende kushambadzwa kwezvombo zvinodzivisa kugadzirisa zvinhu zvine mwero.

Kurapwa Kunochinja

Gadziriro yokutarisira utano yakaoma, uye vavhoti vazhinji havana zivo ine udzame. Nzvero dzinomanikidzwa dzinoshandisa ikoku kupfurikidza nokuita zvikarakadzo zvisingabvumirwi. Mukati mekurukurirano yeAffordhable Care ACA, dzinokurudzira kunzvera kuti mutemo ubatanidze kuti “maparera okuuraya” aibatanidza kugovera mugumo wetarisiro youpenyu, anti yakava yakanyanyonyimwa asi ichiri yakachengetwa mundangariro yavose. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, kumanikidza kunzvera Medicare yaAll vakakumbira Vhiti kana vaizotsigira zano iro“ rinotsiva inishuwarenzi yapachivanda yezve” uye “kuisa mitero nokuda kwekirasi yapakati, kufuratira idiro yokuti zvirongwa zvakadaro zvinowanzotsiva mitero nemitero uye kugona kuchengetedza mari yose nokuda kwemhuri dzakawanda.

Ukama Hwedzinza Nehwedzinza

Nhau shomanene dzinoparadzana kupfuura rudzi. Nzvero dzamapfumo-pesvedzeri dzakashandiswa kubvisa pfundepfunde yedzinza nemapoka. Somuenzaniso, mukati mesarudzo yapurezidhendi, vamwe vavhoti vakagamuchira runhare vachibvunza kana vaizovhotera muvhoti uyo “angava muMuslim pachivande kana kuti akaberekwa kunze kweUnited States.” Mibvunzo iyi, yakavakirwa murondedzero dzechitsotsi, yakaitwa pamusoro pefungidziro yetsika dzedzinza nedzerudzidziso. Nenzira yakafanana, kupesvedzera kunzvera mumibatanidzwa yehurumende yapasi pehurumende yavanhu vakasiana - site yakashandiswa kushandura mapoka amadzinza akasiyana kupfurikidza nenzanga dzinorwisana setyisidziro kumabasa, chengeteko, kana kuti tsika.

Kunetseka Nezvinhu Zvakatipoteredza uye Kudiwa Kwokuchinja

Zvinetso zvetsika zvinodzorwa nenzvero dzinomanikidzirwa zvikuru. Vanonyengera vanodavira kuti vari kutora rutivi mukunzvera apo vanenge vari chaizvoizvo vadzorwa nenhimbe yeparadziro. Uku kunyengera kunoputsa nheyo huru yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yokuti vagari vemo vanofanira kuita zvisarudzo zvakavakirwa pamashoko akarurama, akadzikama. Kunzvera kwokumanikidza kunoderedzawo kuvimbika kwenzvero yapamutemo. Apo vanhu vanogamuchira runhare dzinosundwa, havavimbiki vavhoti chaivoivo, vakaderera uye vanokuvadza mwero yemifungo yakavimbika.

Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti kumanikidza kuvhota kunowirirana norudzi rwakati rwekuzvidza kwezvamatongerwe enyika nemhaka yokuti kazhinji kazhinji zvinoparadzira kutaura kwenhema kana kuti kusina kujeka pasi pechifukidziro chenzvero. Kusafanana nedenho mumashoko okushambadza kana kuti kurukurirano, kusunda nzvero kwakaoma zvikuru kunzvera idi munguva chaiyoiyo uye kazhinji kazhinji hakubviri kuvatsigiriki kuvatsigiri. Mitezo yeU. yakadai se , Florida, uye Colorado [] [] yakaita mitemo inoda kuziviswa kweanobhadharirwa nokuda kwebvunziro kana kuti miitiro yakati inonyengera. Zvisinei, kurovererwa kune utera, uye inosunda kunzvera kazhinji muruwa rwemitemo, zvikurukuru kana ichishandisa mashoko akanyorwa pasina mvumo.

Kupfuura pamutemo, mutoro wetsika uri pakati pavapi zano vemibato namapoka echitsotsi. . . . . . Code yeEthics inoshurikidza zvakajeka kumanikidza kuvhota, ichitaura kuti vanzveri havafaniri kuitisa nzvero “pane donzo guru rokunyengetedza vabvunzi kuti vave nepfundo rakati remurangariro.” Asi nemhaka yokuti kunzvera kunowanzova kunobviswa kumafekitari epafoni ayo asingazivikanwi semavhotera, dare rinonetsa kuita.

Kudzivirira Hurukuro Yavose: Nzira Yokudzivisa Nayo Kushatiswa Nemashoko

Sezvo kuongorora kwokumanikidza vanhu kusingabviri, vagari vemo vanoda mazano anoshanda okuziva uye kudzivisa kufurirwa nakwo.

Kuverenga Nekunyora uye Kubvunza Kunonetsa

Dzidzo ndiyo yokutanga. Zvikoro nemasangano ehurumende zvinofanira kudzidzisa vanhu kuongorora mibvunzo. Kana foni ikatanga nemubvunzo une mashoko asina kunaka kana kuti pfungwa dzokufungidzira, mubvunzi anofanira kuiziva senzira yokuvhura. Munhu upi noupi anofona anogona kubvunza runhare zvakananga kuti: “Wawana kupi nhamba yangu, ari kutsigira kuongorora uku, uye unganditumira here mashoko anowirirana nemitemo yako yokudzivirira madata?"

Kukurudzira Kuona Zviri Namashoko Nekudzivirira

Apo danidzo inonyumwira inofamba zvikuru, vavhoti vanofanira kuishuma kuvatongi vesarudzo kana kuti kumasangano asingatori se FactCkeck.org kana kuti PolitiFct[. Mapoka aya anogona kunzvera nokuzivisa zviri mukati mesarudzo, kuganhurira kuvadziko. Masangano navatori venhau vanofanirawo kunzvera mibato yokunzvera yadzorwa ne $kanyanya mumijaho(*) uye kutaura kwenhema kupfurikidza nezvinobudisa nhau zvenzanga, zvinobudiswa, uye masangano enzanga.

Chiito Chomutemo Nechokugadzira Zvinhu

Vagari vanogona kutsigira mitemo yakasimba zvikuru nehurumende inoda kuti nzvero ipi neipi isingaunganidzi mashoko kana kuti kushandisa mibvunzo yakajeka ine revo inofanira kunzi kuzivisa kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Pamwero weindasitiri, vamiriri veminamakambani erunhare nesonganiro dzokunzvera zvingagona kubatira pamwe chete kuziva ndokuparadza mabhozhowa avanhu vazhinjisa kupfurikidza navashandisi vanonzvera vanozivikanwa. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzakakarakadza “kusadzikisa chinyorwa chenyika chenyika chenyika kana kuti chinodikanwa chokuti runhare rwose rwezvamatongerwe enyika rupedze mashoko okuzivisa pamavambo erunhare.

mhedziso

Nzvero dzokunzverwa kwamapfuro dzinomirira unyanzvi hwakasviba mumibato yezvombo yazvino uno yezvamatongerwe enyika nenzanga. Kupfurikidza nokubvisa mashoko enhema senzvero, zvinoshatisa donzo rehurumende rehurumende revavhoriyamu vane ruzivo. Simba razvo panhau dzenzanga dzinomutsa nharo. (kufamba-famba kwenharo kwenharo kwenharo) kunoitwa nenhano dzenzanga, kudzora pfuti, dzidzo yezvoutano, dzinza rinotambudza zvikurukuru nemhaka yokuti idzi nhau dzinoshatiswa mundangariro uye kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji dzinonzwisiswa zvisina kunzwisiswa navose. Nepo kubvisa chose chose chose chose kunzvera kungava kusingabviri, kuziva ndiko nhano yokutanga kukuvaita kuti vasabudirira. Kupfurikidza nokudzidzisa kuoneka kwezvirevo, uye zvinosimbisa kuoneka zvapamutemo, tinogona kuderedza simba reiyi nhendero dzemitemo yemitemo yemitemo uye kunyengera, tinogona kuvimbisa kuti murangariro wavose unoumbwa namaidi uye kurukurirano avose, kwete nemibvunzo.