Chikonzero Nei Dare, Congress, uye Purezidhendi Vachinzvera Mumwe Nomumwe — Kuitwa Kuti Rive Nyore

Hurumende yeUnited States inoshanda panheyo huru yakaumba hurumende yenyika yeAmerica kwamazana amakore anopfuura maviri: kuparadzana kwamasimba pakati pamapazu matatu akasiana. Vagadziri vakaumba hurumende neiyi nzira kudzivisa kuti bazu rimwe rehurumende rive nesimba zvikuru, uye kugadzira gadziriro yechekerero nedzikamo. Iyi gadziriro yakaoma kusimbisa kuti matare, Congress, uye Purezidhendi mumwe nomumwe anochengeta nzvimbo yazvo yechiremera paanenge achirindana. Kunzwisisa kuti aya mapazu matatu anobatira pamwe chete sei, anoganhurira sei simba romumwe, uye kuti ashande pamwe chete kudzora rudzi kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anotsvaka kunzwisisa kuti mabasai ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica.

Hwaro: Chikonzero Nei Kuparadzana Kwesimba Kuchikosha

Muzivi wezvamatongerwe enyika Baron Charles de Montesquieu akanga anyora pamusoro pokuparadzaniswa kwemasangano makore 100 pamberi pezvi. Muzivi wezvamatongerwe enyika wechigumi namasere weFrance Baron de Montesquieu akanyora pamusoro poukoshi hweidzi nzvero nedzikamo muThe Spirit of Laws (1748), uye akataura kuti udzvinyiriri hwakatyisidzira zvimiro zvose zvehurumende uye kuti mapazu akaparadzana ehurumende anofanira kuva nenzvimbo dzomutoro nesimba rezvamatongerwe enyika kuti adenhe mamwe mapazu. VaFatheringings vakakwe zvikuru neiyi mifungo apo vaiita Bumbiro remitemo.

Dzidziso yokuparadzana kwemasimba yakanga yakavakirwa panheyo dzinoverengeka dzinowanzoitwa: kuparadzaniswa kwehurumende kuva mapazi matatu: mitemo, mutungamiriri, uye mutongi; murangariro wokuti bazu rimwe nerimwe rinoita mabasa akasiyana uye anozivikanwa ayo akakodzera kubazi rimwe nerimwe; uye murairo unorwisana nomunhu upi noupi kana kuti boka rinobatira muanopfuura bazi rimwe. Iyi purogiramu yakanga iri yamaune uye namaune, inoratidzira itiro hanya huru yavaFramers pamusoro pesimba guru.

Nepo Bumbiro reMitemo raitapura zvikuru idzi nheyo, kuparadzanisa kwevamiriri vesimba kwakanga kusingachinji, asi kwakabatanidza gadziriro yecheki nedzikamo umo bazu rimwe raigona kunzvera masimba akagoverwa kune rimwe. Bazu rimwe nerimwe rine chiremera charo rimene, asi rinofanirawo kutsamira pachiremera chamamwe mapazi kuti hurumende ishande. Uku kutsamira pamunhu kunobva pakuumbwa kweAmerica.

Mitemo Yebazu: Dare Namasimba Aro

Dare rinomirira bazu remitemo rehurumende yehurumende yehurumende, rine makamuri maviri: Dare neImba yaVamiririri. Congress, mukuwedzera kumimwe mitoro inodudzwa, ine mutoro wokuita mitemo. Iri simba rokuita mutemo rinoumba fandesheni yechiremera chedare, asi mitoro yebazu remitemo inotambanudzwa kupfuura kungonyora nokupfuudza mutemo.

Mabasa Apamutemo

Constitution inopa Congress chiremera bedzi chokugadza mutemo nokuzivisa hondo, maruramiro okusimbisa kana kuti kuramba kugadzwa kwaPurezidhendi kwakawanda, namasimba makuru okunzvera. Masimba iwaya anopa pesvedzero huru pazvose zviri zviviri mutemo womumba nomune dzimwe nyika. Muitiro womutemo umene unobatanidza nhano dzakawanda, kubva pakusuma zvikwereti kuhwirudzuro dzamadare, kurukurirano youriri, kuvhota, uye pakupedzisira kutumira mutemo kuna Purezidhendi nokuda kwesime kana kuti kuvapfuu.

Bazu remitemo rine "simba rechikwama," kureva kuti vane simba rokugadza hurumende ne/kana bhajeti rehurumende. Bazu guru harigoni kusarudza kupedzera kamwe kamwe yakawanda pamabhomba kana kuti mapaki pasina kutaura kwedare remitemo. Uku kudzora pakushandiswa kwehurumende kunomirira chimwe chezvishandiso zvine simba zvikurusa zveCongress zvokupesvedzera muitiro nokunzvera simba rehurumende. Kupfurikidza neappropries, Congress inosarudza kuti madhora ehurumende anogoverwa sei mumasangano ose ehurumende namapurogiramu.

Kutarisira Dare: Kutarira Bazu Rine Vatungamiriri

Kutarisira Congress kunobatanidza kuhwirudzurwa, kutarisirwa, uye kutarisirwa kwamasangano ehurumende, mapurogiramu, mibato, uye kushandiswa kwemiitiro.Congress inoshandisa simba iri zvikurukuru kupfurikidza negadziriro yayo yedare redare. Iri basa rokutarisira rinobvumira kuti Masangano ave nechokwadi chokuti mitemo iri kuitwa seyakarongwa uye kuti masangano anotungamirira ari kushanda zvakanaka uye mukati memiganhu yawo yepamutemo.

Nepo pasina gadziriro yakananga yebumbiro remitemo inobvumira kutarisirwa kwesangano kana kuti nzvero, Dare Rapamusorosoro rakasimbisa zvakasimba kuti simba rakadaro rinokosha kwazvo kumubato womutemo zvokuti rinofanira kurehwa nokupiwa masimba ose emitemo muDare I reBumbiro reMitemo. Iri simba rinorehwa razova chimwe chezvishandiso zvinokosha zvikurusa zveCongress zvokuchengeta kuzvidavirira muhurumende.

Mitezo yose iri miviri yeCongress ine masimba makuru okunzvera, uye ingagombedzera kubudiswa kwoufakazi kana kuti chipupuriro kumugumo upi kana upi wainorangarira kuva madikanwa. Mitezo yeCongress inopedza nguva yavo yakawanda ichiita mhosho nenzvero mudare. iyi nzvero inoshanda zvinangwa zvakawanda, kubva mukuunganidza mashoko anodikanwa kuumba mutemo unobudirira kusvikira kukufumura ushatiso nokushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba mukati mebazu ravakuru vakuru.

Nzvero dzeCuarsions hadzingobatsiri bedzi vaiti vemitemo kuita zvisarudzo zvemiitiro zviri nani, asi iko kunokosha kugadziriro yechekero nedzikamo. Kunzwa kwokunzvera kunogona kuwana kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwapurezidhendi kwesimba noushati, zvakadai sechinyadziso cheTeapot Dome muma 1920 kana kuti Watergate muma 1970. Kunzvera uku kwakakwirira kunoratidzira kuti kutungamirira kwoukuru hwehurumende kunogona sei kubatira senzvero inokosha pasimba ravakuru vakuru, kunyange kutungamirira kukurega basa kwapurezidhendi kana kuti zviito zvokusatevedzerwa.

Simba Rokutarisira

Simba revamiririri rinopa chiremera cheCongress chokubvisa ushati nokushandisa zvisina kufanira simba mumapazu maviri. Dare rinogona kubvisa ndokuwanira mhaka purezidhendi mhaka huru, sechimurenga kana kuti chiokomuhomwe. Imba yavamiriri ine simba rokuunza pomero mukurwisana naPurezi; Dare rine simba rokupa mutongo nokubvisa Purezidhendi panzvimbo. Simba iri harirevedzi bedzi kuna Purezidhendi asiwo kuvatongi venyika navamwe vakuru vakuru vehurumende, richigovera Dare nourongwa hwokubvisa vakuru vakuru vakuru vakaputsa chinzvimbo.

Muitiro wokusabvumirana unomirira imwe yenzvero yakakomba zvikurusa iyo Dare rinogona kushandisa pamamwe mapazu. Nepo kurongeka kusingawanzoitiki munhau yeAmerica, kuvapowo zvako kwesimba iri kunobatira sechidziviso mukurwisana noutsotsi hwavakuru vakuru uye kusazvibata kwokutonga. Muitiro wacho unoda ufakazi hwakasimba nechido chezvamatongerwe enyika, sezvo kupwiswa muDare kunoda vhoti huru yezvitatu zviviri.

Simba Rokusimbisa

Dare rinochengeta masimba anoverengeka kwariri amene: Rinobatanidza zvibvumirano kupfurikidza nevhota hurusa yezvitatu zviviri ndokusimbisa kugadzwa kwaPurezidhendi kupfurikidza nevhoti yoruzhinji. Uku kusimbisa kunopa Dare pesvedzero huru pamusoro pokuumbwa kwebazu guru nedare rehurumende. Purezidhendi wenzvimbo dzedare, vatongi vehurumende, vamiririri, uye dzimwe nzvimbo huru vanofanira kugamuchira tendero yeDare vasati vaita mabasa avo.

Muitiro wekusimbisa unobvumira vatenzi kunzvera zvikwaniriso zvavana, kunzvera marekodhi avo, uye kuvabvunza pamusoro pemirangariro yavo panhau dzinokosha dzemiitiro. Uyu muitiro unogona kuva unokakavara, zvikurukuru nokuda kwedzinonyorwa dzeDare Rapamusoro, umo dzikamo yepfungwa dzeDare ingarembera mudzikamo. Kupfurikidza nesimba, Dare rinoshandisa pesvedzero inokosha pamusoro pokuti ndiani achashandisa ndokududzira mitemo yenyika.

Kukwidza Zvikwenzi zvaPurezidhendi

Congress ine dzimba mbiri: Dare neImba yaVamiririri, uye inogona kukurira muvhoti yaPurezidhendi na2/3 mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri. Iri simba rinovimbisa kuti Dare rinogona kuita mutemo kunyange pamusoro pokuramba kwapurezidhendi, chero paine tsigiro yakakwana mumakamuri ose ari maviri. Chinodzorwa chinomirira kunzvera kukuru kwesimba rapurezidhendi, kunyange zvazvo chikuva chamatatu chinoita kuti chive chakaoma zvikuru kuwana.

Kana bazu remitemo rikasimbisa zvakasimba mutemo mutsva, vanogona kukurira kuvhota ikoko (chikumbaridzo chakakwirira kupfuura 50%). Kubudirira kweveto hakuwanzoitiki, kunowanzoitika apo panenge pane bipartisan tsigiro yakafara nokuda kwomutemo kana kuti apo Congress inodavira kuti Purezidhendi adarika nokushandisa matanho akakurumbira. Kutyisidzira kweveto kudzorwa kunogonawo kupesvedzera chisarudzo chapurezidhendi, kukurudzira kutsigira nokubvumirana pane kurambwa chose chose chose nezviito zvechirongwa.

Bazu Rine Chiremera: Masimba Apurezidhendi Nemabasa

Purezidhendi mukuru wehurumende, mutungamiriri webazu guru, uye mutungamiriri mukuru wamauto eUnited States ane zvombo. Purezidhendi ane nzvimbo yakasiyana muhurumende yeAmerica, achibatira panguva imwe cheteyo somutungamiriri mukuru wenyika, mukuru mukuru wehurumende, mukuru mukuru wehondo, uye mutungamiriri wokufananidzira. Uku kuiswa kwemitoro kunoita kuti kuva sachigaro chive chimwe chenzvimbo dzine simba zvikurusa munyika, nepo gadziriro yechero nedzikamo zvinovimbisa kuti simba iri rinoramba richidzorwa.

Kushandisa Mitemo

Iri simba rokuita kuti mitemo irambe ichiitwa rinobatanidza hurumende yose yehurumende, rinobatanidza chinhu chiri chose kubva pamutero kusvikira kudziviriro yemhoteredzo, kubva kuchengeteko yenyika kusvikira kukodzero dzavagari vemo. Purezidhendi anotarisira boka guru resangano rehurumende nedhipatimendi, rimwe nerimwe rinopomerwa kushandisa mativi chaiwo omutemo wehurumende.

Dare rinogona kuisa mitemo, asi rinosiiwa kuna Purezidhendi kuti ritsigire mitemo iyoyo. Uku kupesana kwebasa kunoparira kusagadzikana kwomuzvarirwo: Musangano unosarudza zvinofanira kuitwa, asi Purezidhendi anosarudza kuti mitemo iyoyo ichashandiswa sei. Bazu guru rine uchenjeri hwakati kuti mukuisa mitemo, kuisa zvinhu zvinokosha, kuisa zvinhu, uye kutsanangura mutauro wemitemo. Uku kusarudza kunogona kutungamirira kurwisano apo Congress anodavira kuti Purezidhendi haasi kuputsa mitemo nenzira yokutendeka.

Simba Reveto

Purezidhendi ane simba rokuvadzosa, uye Dare Rapamusorosoro ringazivisa mitemo isingawirirani nehurumende. Mutungamiriri wehurumende anomirira imwe yenzvero dzinokosha zvikurusa dzebazu pasimba resangano. Apo Purezidhendi anodzokera kuCongress, iyo inofanira ipapo kusarudza kana ichifanira kuedza kudzora kana kuti kuchinja pamutemo kukurukura itiro redare.

Bazu remitemo rinoumba mitemo, asi Purezidhendi mubazu guru anogona kuisa mitemo iyoyo nePurezidhendi Veto. Iri simba rinosunda Congress kurangarira zvisarudzo zvoupurezidhendi pakugadzira mutemo. Kutyisidzira kweveto kunogona kuumba muitiro wemitemo, kunokurudzira vaiti vemitemo kukurukura neWhite House uye kuvaka mibatanidzwa mikuru kuti vave nechokwadi chezvikwereti zvavo zvinogona kupukunyuka nzvero yapurezidhendi.

Mapurezidhendi anoshandisa simba racho nenzira inoshanda, pane dzimwe nguva kuvhara mutemo wavanoshora pazvikonzero zvemitemo, dzimwe nguva kusimbisa maruramiro ehurumende kana kuti kudzivirira fariro dzesangano.

Kugadza Vakuru Vakuru Vehurumende Navatongi

Iyewo anotora vakuru vemasangano ehurumende uye vagadziri vedare rapamusoro. Bazu redare rinotonga rinodudzira mitemo, asi Purezidhendi anotonga vatongi veDare Gurusa, dare revatongi vezvikumbiro, uye vatongi vedare reruwa vanoita nzvero. Iri simba rokugadza rinopa Purezidhendi pesvedzero huru pazvose zviri zviviri bazu rehurumende nejaji redare rapamusoro, richiumba nhungamiro yetsika yehurumende kwamakore kana kuti kunyange makumi amakore anouya.

Kugadzwa kwaPurezidhendi kudare redare reSangano reSangano reHurumende kunoguma nemhesvano zvikuru nemhaka yokuti vatongi vehurumende vanobatira kugadza kwoupenyu hwose. Vatongi vedare vanogona kupesvedzera kududzira kwebumbiro remitemo nemuenzaniso wemitemo pashure penguva refu pashure pokunge Purezidhendi abva panzvimbo. Ikoku kunoita kuti Dare Gurusa risave negakava zvikuru, sezvo ivo vanogona kuchinja dzikano yepfungwa dzeDare uye kutapura zvisarudzo panhau dzinokosha dzinovambira pakodzero dzavagari vemo kusvikira kusimba rehurumende.

Simba rokugadza rinotambanukirawo kubazu rinotungamirira, apo Purezidhendi anosarudza vanyori vedare, vakuru vakuru vesangano, nhume, uye vamwe vakuru vakuru. Uku kugadza kuumbwa kwemitemo inoiswa uye kupiwa. Zvisinei, simba iri rinoongororwa nechiremera chokusimbisa cheDare, icho chinogona kuramba vaminene vanorangarirwa kuva vasina kukodzera kana kuti vanonyanyisa mundangariro.

Mirayiro Yavatungamiriri Nezviito ZvaPrezidhendi

Bazu guru rinogona kuzivisa Mirayiro Inodzora, iyo yakafanana nezviziviso zvinotakura simba romutemo, asi bazu rinotonga rinogona kuzivisa zviito izvozvo zvisiri zvoutongi. mirairo yeGuru rinotonga inobvumira Purezidhendi kutungamirira kushanda kwehurumende yehurumende pasina bvumirano, kunyange zvazvo zvichifanira kuvakirwa muchiremera chebumbiro remitemo kana kuti chomutemo chiripo.

Mapurezidhendi anoshandisa zvirairidzo zvevakuru vakuru kuti vashandise zvirongwa zvemitemo, kurongazve masangano ebazu makuru, kutanga masangano ebasa, uye kutungamirira nzira iyo masangano ehurumende anofanira kuturikira nayo ndokuita kuti mitemo iteererwe.

Matare akamisa mirayiro yevakuru vakuru inopfuura yapurezidhendi kana kuti inoputsa kodzero dzebumbiro remitemo, achiratidza kuti kuongorora kutonga kunoshanda sei sechereso pasimba revakuru vakuru kunyange apo Purezidhendi anenge asingaiti zvinhu pasina anozozvidzora.

Bazu Rokutonga: Matare Savatarisiri Vebumbiro Remitemo

Bazu redare rinotonga rinobatanidza Dare Rapamusoro namamwe matare ehurumende anobatira somutsigiri wokupedzisira wekakavadzano dzapamutemo uye muturikiri wokupedzisira weBumbiro reMitemo. iri basa rinopa matare simba guru rokuumba mutemo nenzanga zveAmerica, kunyange zvazvo vatongi vasina kuzvidavirira kwakananga kwehurumende yehurumende kwavakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa mumapazu maviri.

Kududzira Mitemo Nebumbiro Remitemo

Bazu redare rine mutoro wokududzira mitemo yakanyorwa nebazu remitemo.Izvozvi zvinobatanidza kupedza gakava pakati pavanhu vaviri vasingabvumirani pasi pomutemo, pamwe chete nokutarisira kutongwa kweutsotsi. matare eFederal anotonga mhatsa huru dzenhau, kuvambira pakukwikwidzana kwemhosva kusvikira kumhaka dzavagari vemo, kubva kunhau dzokupinda munyika kusvikira kurwisano dzezvinhu zvoungwaru.

Simba rokududzira kutonga rinotambanukira kupfuura kungopedza nhau dzoga. Apo matare anodudzira mitemo, anogadza mienzaniso iyo inotungamirira nzira iyo mitemo iyoyo ichashandiswa nayo munhau dzomunguva yemberi. Iri simba rokududzira rinogona kutapura zvikuru nzira iyo mutemo unoshanda nayo, pane dzimwe nguva kuchitungamirira kumiuyo iyo Dare rakanga risina kukarira kana kuti kuronga.

Kuongorora Kutonga: Simba Rokuzivisa Mitemo Isina Kutenderwa

Bazu remitemo rinogadza mitemo, asi bazu rokutonga rinogona kuzivisa mitemo iyoyo isiri yemitemo. Dare rapamusoro zvikurusa rinogona kuzivisa mitemo inopfuudzwa neDare kana kuti zviito zvakatorwa naPurezidhendi kuti zvive zvisina wirirano uye zvisanoshanda. Iri simba rokuhwirudzura dare, kunyange zvazvo risina kutaurwa zvakajeka muBumbiro reMitemo, razova rimwe ramabasa anokosha zvikurusa ejaji redare chifo cheDare Rapamusorosoro rakakusimbisa muchinyorwa chamatongo 1803 Marbury v. Madison.

Kuhwirudzura dare kunobvumira matare kushayisa simba mitemo kana kuti zviito zvokutungamirira zvinoputsa Bumbiro reMitemo, zvichibatira senzvero yakakomba pazvose zviri zviviri simba roufundisi nerepurezidhendi. Apo Dare Rapamusorosoro rinotonga mutemo seusiri pamutemo, chisarudzo ichocho chinobatanidza matare ose akaderera navakuru vakuru vehurumende, kuchibvisa nenzira inobudirira mutemo wakadenhwa kana kuti chiito.

Muna 2012 Dare Repamusorosoro reUnited States rakasarudza kuti Mutemo wacho wakanga usingabvumirwi nemitemo nokuti waityora kodzero yokutaura wakasununguka waidzivirirwa neFirst Amendment.

Nzvero Pasimba Rokutonga

Nepo vatongi vachishandisa simba rinokosha kupfurikidza nehwirudzuro yedare, rinotarisana nenzvero dzinokosha dzinobva kune mamwe mapazu. Bazu rinotonga rinodudzira mitemo, asi Dare riri pabazu romutemo rinosimbisa zvisarudzo zvaPurezidhendi nokuda kwenzvimbo dzokutonga, uye Congress inogona kupinza upi noupi wavatongi ivavo ndokuzvibvisa panzvimbo. Ivava vanonzvera vanovimbisa kuti mutongi haagoni kushanda nenzira yokuzvimirira mukuzvidavirira kwehurumende.

Bazu redare harigoni kudana hondo kuti itsive mitemo yainoda; gavhuna bedzi kana kuti purezidhendi weU.S. iyi ganhuriro inosimbisa chirambidzo chinokosha pasimba rokutonga: matare anotsamira pabazu guru kuti atsigire zvisarudzo zvawo. Kana Purezidhendi akaramba kushandisa mirairo yedare, mutongi ane dziviriro yakaganhurirwa, achiparira ngozi inobvira mutsika yechekedzo nedzikamo.

Dare rinogonawo kupindura kuchisarudzo chedare kupfurikidza nomutemo. Congress inogona kunzvera zvisarudzo zveDare Gurusa kupfurikidza nokupfuudzira Mitemo yeMitemo. Nepo kururamisa Bumbiro reMitemo kwakaoma zvikuru, kuraira mibato mikuru mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri dzeCongress nokuparadza nedzitatu muzvina dzenyika, iri simba rinomirira nzvero yokupedzisira pakududzirwa kwedare. Dare rinogonawo kupfuudza mutemo mutsva wakagadzirirwa kushanda kana kuti kuita kuchisarudzo chedare, kunyange zvazvo mitemo yakadaro ichiri inodzorwa kuhwirudzura.

Kuongorora Nokudzikama Kunoita Basa

Kunzwisisa zvinhu izvi zvinofungidzirwa kunokosha, asi kuona kuti zvinoshanda sei mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo enyika kunobatsira kuenzanisira chikonzero nei vaFramers vakaronga nzira iyi.

Gadziriro Yomutemo Nokubatanidzwa Kwapurezidhendi

Muitiro wokuita mutemo umene unoratidzira nzvero nedzikamo muzviito. Dare ronyora uye kurukurirano dzomutemo, asi Purezidhendi anogona kupesvedzera uyu muitiro kupfurikidza nenzira dzakasiana - siana. Mapurezidhendi anowanzokarakadza zvirongwa zvemitemo, achishanda navasonganiri kuti vatange zvikwereti zvinofambisira mberi purogiramu yavo. Ngozi yemiitiro yedare yapurezidhendi, kukurudzira vagadziri vemitemo kukuita zvikwereti zvinogona kuwana tsigiro yapamusoro kana kuti kuvaka zvivako zvikuru.

Apo Congress inopa mutemo, inoenda kuna Purezidhendi nokuda kwokusaina. Kana Purezidhendi akasaina mutemo, unova mutemo. Kana Purezidhendi akauisa, mutemo unodzokera kuCongress, uyo anogona kuedza kukurira vhota namatatu maviri mumakamuri ose ari maviri. Uku kunoparira mikana yokukurukura nokubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira, kuchimanikidzira mapazu ose ari maviri kushanda pamwe chete kuti aise mutemo mukuru.

Muenzaniso Wenyika Chaiwoiwo: U.S. v. Alvarez

Mubatanidzwa weU.S. Alvarez muenzaniso wakaisvonaka wenzira iyo mapazi matatu rimwe nerimwe rinoshandisa nayo chiremera charo.

Pashure pokunge Congress yaisaina mutemo uye Purezidhendi akasaina, bazu rinotonga rakahwirudzura kumira kwaro kwebumbiro remitemo apo rakadenhwa mudare. Branch - Guetip - the Pentagon naPurezi – rakaita chiito mukati memwedzi wechisarudzo cheDare Gurusa reSangano raMakurukota chinosimbisa shopu yehurumende yemifungo yemendururo - yakadzorwa munguva inopfuura kugonesa kukudzwa kwehondo. Iyi mhinduro yakaratidza bazi rinotungamirira richitsinhirana nechisarudzo chedare nepo rakanga richingoronda donzo rehurumende.

Gweta Repamutemo Risingasviki gore pashure pokunge Alvarez asarudza, Congress yakapindura nomutemo waitsvaka kugadzirisa zvinetso zvebumbiro remitemo mumutemo wa2005, wakasarudzwa neDare Repamusorosoro muUnited States, izvi zvinoratidza kuti Dare Rinotonga rinogona sei kuita chiito kukutonga nokuronga mutemo mutsva wakagadzirirwa kuti usvitse zvinangwa zvakafanana uku richitaura nezvezvinotarisirwa nedare.

Kurwisana Nemabhangi uye Kutaurirana Nemazano

Muitiro wemari yemari womubatanidzwa unogovera imwe nzvimbo apo nzvero nedzikamo zvinopedzerwa nguva dzose. Purezidhendi anopa chikarakadzo chebhajeti kuCongress, achionesa zvokutanga zvebazu zvapamusoro nokuda kwokushandiswa kwehurumende. Zvisinei, Congress inoita simba rechikwama uye inogona kuramba, kuchinja, kana kuti kufuratira zvikumbiro zvemari yapurezidhendi.

Matare eCongress anohwirudzura chikarakadzo chemari yaPurezidhendi, kuchengeta matare okutonga, uye kugadzira zvikwereti zvavo vamene. Zvikwereti izvi zvinofanira kupfuura zvose zviri zviviri zvigaro zveCongress ndokugamuchira tendero yapurezidhendi. Kana Mutungamiriri wenyika asingabvumirani nezvisarudzo zvokushandisa dare, anogona kunyora zvikwereti zvemari, zvinotungamirira kuhurumende kumisa kana Congress naPresident vasingagoni kusvika bvumirano.

Kana bazi rimwe chete harigoni kusarudza kuti mari yehurumende inoshandiswa sei, zvichiita kuti pave negadziriro yokuti vose vanofanira kutsigirana kuti basa rehurumende rishandiswe sei.

Kugadza Vatongi uye Kusimbiswa Kwedare

Muitiro wokugadza vatongi vehurumende unoratidza kuti mapazi akawanda anofanira kushandira pamwe sei kuti ape nzvimbo huru dzehurumende. Purezidhendi anotonga vanenge vapiwa mitongo, asi Dare rinofanira kuvasimbisa vasati vagona kushanda.Iyi inoita kuti basa racho rive nechokwadi chokuti hapana bazi rimwe ringakwanisa kudzora kuumbwa kwedare rehurumende.

Kusimbisa kutonga kwedare kunobvumira vatenzi kuti vapikise pamusoro pouzivi hwavo hwedare, zvisarudzo zvomunguva yakapfuura, uye mirangariro panhau dzebumbiro remitemo. Vamiriri vedare vangatarisana nenzvero yakakomba, uye Dare rinogona kuramba vanoda kurangarirwa kuva vasina kukodzera kana kuti vanonyanyisa. Uyu muitiro wazova unokakavadzana zvikuru mumakumi amakore achangobva kupfuura, zvikurukuru nokuda kwenhau dzapamusoro pedare, kuratidzira kukura kwezvamatongerwe enyika nechepamusoro zvinobatanidzwa mukuumba dzikamo yeProto yeDare.

Vatongi vehurumende vangogadzwa, vanoshanda upenyu hwose, vachidzidzivirira pakudzvinyirirwa nezvematongerwe enyika uye kuvabvumira kuita zvisarudzo zvinobva pamitemo pane kusarudzwa.

Mienzaniso Yakakurumbira Yokuongorora uye Yedzikamo

Kuti unzwisise zviri nani kuti tsika inoshanda sei, rangarira iyi mienzaniso yakananga yokunzvera nokudzikama zviri mukushanda:

Kunzvera Kwomutemo Pasimba Rine Simba

• VETO Dzeshava: Congress inogona kukurira dare rapurezidhendi nevhoti yezvitatu muzvose zviri zviviri Imba neDare, ichibvumira mutemo kuva mutemo pasinei zvapo nokuramba kwapurezidhendi.
• Simba rokusimbisa: Dare rinofanira kubvumira kuva purezidhendi nokuda kwenzvimbo dzadare, zvigaro zvehurumende, uye kumwe kugadzwa kukuru, kupa pesvedzero yeDare pamusoro poanobatira mubazu ravakuru nedare.
• [[[FLT: 0] Kudzidzisa: Imba inogona kushatisa Purezidhendi kana kuti vamwe vakuru vakuru nokuda kwemhaka dzakakwirira uye vaiti vezvakaipa, uye Dare rinogona kuvapa mhaka ndokudzibvisa panzvimbo.
• Control: Congress inodzora kupambadza hurumende kupfurikidza nomuitiro wekurukurirano, ichiganhurira mano ebazu ravakuru vakuru okuisa pakutanga kwaro pasina mvumo yemitemo.
• [ Ratiation: Dare rinofanira kutaurirana nezvibvumirano zvaPurezidhendi nevhoti yezvitatu zviviri, kuvimbisa mubatanidzwa webvumirano pazvibvumirano zvikuru zvamarudzi ose.
• [ Masimba ehondo: Dare bedzi rinogona kuzivisa hondo nenzira yakarongwa, vachinzvera chiremera chaPurezidhendi somutungamiriri mukuru wamauto akashongedzwa.
• Utariri hunodzorwa: matare eCongress anonzvera mibato yebazu rapamusoro, kuisa matare okutonga, uye kupa mhaka dzezvipo kana kuti kuvimbisa kuti mitemo iri kushandiswa zvakanaka.

Chiremera Chinoongorora Simba Romutemo

• Presadential Veto: Purezidhendi anogona kupfuudzira mutemo unopfuudzwa neCongress, achimanikidzira vaiti vemitemo kuchinja mutengo kana kuti kuunganidza chiverengero chavazhinji chamatatu maviri kukunda vhato.
• Mirairo Inoshanda: Mutungamiriri wehurumende anogona kupa mirairo yavakuru vakuru kutungamirira kushanda kwehurumende yomubatanidzwa, kunyange zvazvo iyi mirairo ichifanira kuvakirwa pachiremera chapamutemo chiripo uye inogona kudenhwa mudare.
• [[FLT: 0] Ungwaru hwekushanda: Bazu rapamusoro rine chisarudzo munzira yarinomanikidzira nayo mitemo, kuisa zvinokosha pakutanga uye kuisa zvinhu munzira dzinogona kutapura kuti mutemo wesangano unoitwa sei.
• [ Programas: Purezidhendi anogona kukarakadza mutemo ndokushandisa chikuva chokudheerera kuvaka tsigiro yavose nokuda kwezvirongwa zvemiitiro, kuchipesvedzera purogiramu yemisangano.

Kutonga Kunonzvera Mamwe Mapazi

• judicial Review of Legistration: Matare anogona kuzivisa mitemo inopfuudzwa neDare risingabvumirani nemitemo, inoputsa zvinopunza Bumbiro remitemo.
• Kurangarirwa kwezviito Zvoukuru:[[FLT: 1] Matare anogona kurova zviratidzo zvevakuru vakuru, mirau, uye mimwe miitiro yebazu yavakuru vakuru inopfuura chiremera chapurezidhendi kana kuti kuputsa maruramiro ebumbiro remitemo.
• [ SSta transfersion: Dare rinodudzira mitemo isina kujeka, rinosarudza kuti mirau inofanira kushandiswa sei muzvinoitika zvakati uye miuyo ingagona kuumba.
• Constitugational Prevention: Dare Gurusa rinobatira somupinyi wokupedzisira werevo yebumbiro remitemo, kugadza mienzaniso iyo inosunga vakuru vakuru vose vehurumende nematare akaderera.

Nzvero Pasimba Rokutonga

• [[FUV: 0] Chibvumirano cheMitemo yeChibvumirano: Mutungamiriri wehurumende anoisa vatongi vehurumende, uye Dare rinovasimbisa, achipa mapazu ose ari maviri ezvamatongerwe enyika pesvedzero pamusoro pechimiro chamajaji.
• [ Kudzidza kwaVatongi:[[FLT: 1] Congress inogona kuzvidza ndokubvisa vatongi vomubatanidzwa avo vanopinda mumufambiro usina kururama kana kuti kushandisa zvisina kufanira chiremera chavo.
• Consitugations:[[FLT: 1] Congress nehurumende zvinogona kuchinja Bumbiro reMitemo kuti ritenderedze dudziro dzokutonga, kunyange zvazvo uyu muitiro wakaoma zvikuru.
• Mitemo yeMitemo:[[FLT: 1] Congress inogona kuganhurira ganhuriro yematare omubatanidzwa mune dzimwe nharaunda, ichiganhurira mhaka dzipi dzadzinogona kunzwa.
• [[FLT: 0] Kutevedzerwa: Matare anotsamira pabazu rinotungamirira kuti riite kuti zvisarudzo zvaro zviitwe, kuchiita nzvero inoshanda pasimba rokutonga.

Kutanga Kwenhau Nezvekudzikama

The system of checks and balances has evolved significantly since the Constitution's ratification in 1788. While the basic framework remains unchanged, the balance of power among the branches has shifted over time in response to historical events, political developments, and changing interpretations of constitutional authority.

Kutarisira Kukuru kweDare

Congress yakaratidzira murangariro wakasimba wamasimba ayo amene okunzvera kubvira pakutanga chaipo, zvikurukuru pamusoro pebasa redare rokutarisira Bazu roMutungamiriri wehurumende. Kuvambira pamazuva apakuvamba zvikurusa eRepublic, Congress yakasimbisa chiremera charo chokunzvera mibato yaro imene yebazu rinotonga ndokuraira mashoko kuvakuru vakuru vehurumende.

Bumbiro reMitemo haritauri chinhu pamusoro penzvero dzesangano nokutarisira, asi chiremera chokunzvera chinorehwa sezvo Congress ine “masimba ose okutonga. ” Dare Rapamusoro rakasarudza kuti varongi vaironga kuti vatsvake mashoko apo vaiita mutemo kana kuti kuongorora. Iyi rondedzero yakavamba hwaro hwokutarisira kusimba kwesangano iro rinopfuurira kusvikira kuzuva rino.

Kukura Kwesimba Rapurezidhendi

Vatungamiriri vehurumende vakawedzera chiremera chehurumende nenzira dzakasiyana - siyana kubva pakuzivisa kuti masimba ebumbiro remitemo aishandiswa kusvika pakuumba masangano matsva emapazi nemapurogiramu. Hondo, matambudziko ezvemari, uye mamwe matambudziko enyika zvakawanzotungamirira kukuwedzera kwenguva pfupi kwesimba roupurezidhendi, mamwe acho akava mativi echigarire ebazi rinotungamirira.

Kukura uku musimba roupurezidhendi kwakasunda nhamburiko dzinowirirana neCongress nematare kuchengeta nzvero dzinobudirira.

Kuongorora Kutonga uye Kududzira Bumbiro Romutemo

Simba rehwirudzuro yedare, rakatangwa muMarbury v. Madison (1803), rakaita Dare Rapamusorosoro bazu rakaenzana rehurumende rine pesvedzero huru pamusoro pomutemo nemitemo yeAmerica. Nokufamba kwenguva, Dare rakashandisa simba iri kuputsa mitemo nezviito zvehurumende pahwaro hwebumbiro remitemo, richiumba chinhu chiri chose kubva pakodzero dzevagari vemo kusvikira kudzikamo yesimba pakati pamapazu amene.

Ukuru nokushandiswa kwenzvero yokutonga zvakashanduka kupfuvura nguva dzakasiana- siyana dzenhau yeDare. Dzimwe nhambo dzakaona matare anorwira rudzidziso akawanda achidisa kuputsa mitemo nezviito zvehurumende, nepo mamwe akabudisa mitoo inodzorwa zvikuru inowirirana namapazu ezvamatongerwe enyika. Uku kuchinja kunoratidzira kuchinja uzivi hwedare, magariro ezvamatongerwe enyika, uye mipimo yenzanga.

Zvinetso Pamakemikari Nedzikamo

Kunyange zvazvo kuongorora kwaro kwagara kwenguva refu, rinotarisana nematambudziko anoramba achiramba achiedza kusimba kwaro uye kutsiga kwaro.

Kuchinja Zvematongerwe Enyika

Kuwedzera kwekupesana kwezvamatongerwe enyika kwakatapura kuti kunzvera nokudzikama zvinoshanda sei mukushanda. Apo boka rimwe chetero rinodzora zvose zviri zviviri Congress neupurezidhendi, kutarisirwa kwedare rebazu ravakuru kungava kwakasimba zvishoma, sezvo vaiti vemitemo vanozengurira kudenha purezidhendi womubato ravo vamene.

Kurangarira kwokuchinja kunowedzera pesvedzero yemiitiro yakagadzirirwa kuva inorerutsa zvikuru uye isina zvamatongerwe enyika, zvakadai seziviso dzedare. Kuputsika kwetsika dzegamuchidzanwa nokuwedzera kwerwisano yeruwa kunogona kuderedza mano egadziriro yokushanda semadonzo eFrames.

Ropafadzo Yakananga Namashoko Zvinowanika

Ropafadzo Yakagadzwa inogonawo kuita seganhuriro huru pachiremera cheCongress chokuwana mashoko kubva kubazu rinotungamirira. Chikomborero, mativi acho akasimbiswa mubumbiro remitemo, chakakumbirwa apo Congress inokumbira bazu ravakuru vakuru kubudisa magwaro kana kuti chipupuriro icho chinoratidzira kuita zvisarudzo kwapurezidhendi nefungidziro izvo Purezidhendi anodavira kuti zvinofanira kuramba zvakavanzika. Asi ropafadzo yechiremera inokwaniriswa, kwete chose chose, uye kutaura kwapurezidhendi kweropafadzo kunogona kukurirwa nokuratidzirwa kwakakwana kwechinodikanwa.

Mapokani pamusoro peropafadzo yechiremera anogona kuparira kusawirirana kukuru pakati peCongress naPrezidhendi, zvikurukuru mukati mokunzvera mibato yamapazu makuru. apo mapurezidhendi anoramba kugovera mashoko kana kuti kubvumira vakuru vakuru kupupurira pamberi peDare, kunogona kudzivisa kutarisira kwamatare ndokuparira rwisano dzebumbiro remitemo idzo dzingada chisarudzo chokutonga.

Kukanganisa kweBumbiro Romutemo

Kana rimwe bazi rikatadza kuita basa raro, kana kuti rimwe bazi rikasariteerera, tinogona kupinda mudambudziko rebumbiro remitemo.

Kana Purezidhendi weUnited States akapfuuridzira kuita kuti mutemo unotongwa nematare uve usina kubvumirwa nemitemo, uko kwaizotora simba pabazu rinotonga ndokuriisa mubazu guru.

Kukura Kwehurumende Inotarisira

Kukura kwamasangano ehurumende nehurumende zvakaparira denho itsva nokuda kwokuparadzana kwamasimba kwegamuchidzanwa. Masangano anotarisira anowanzoshandisa mitemo, kutungamirira, uye mabasa okutonga panguva imwe cheteyo, achinyandura gakava pamusoro pokuti uku kuiswa kwesimba kunopesana nokuparadzana kwenheyo dzemitemo here. Dare rakapindura kupfurikidza nokuumba miitiro yokutarisira uye kuraira masangano kuti atevere miitiro yakati, asi mibvunzo inoramba iri pamusoro pokuti nzvero dzegamuchidzanwa nedzikamo zvinoshanda nenzira inobudirira sei kuhurumende yazvino uno yokutarisira.

Nei Tichifanira Kuongorora Uye Kudzikama Nhasi

Iyi gadziriro umo mapazi matatu ehurumende anogona kuganhurirana simba uye kunzvera pane mamwe mapazu kuva nechokwadi chokuti hakuna bazi rimwe rinova nesimba zvikuru inonzi Checks neMadzikamo. Checks neMadzikano zvinova nechokwadi chokuti Hurumende yeUnited States yedu inofamba zvakanaka uye zvakanaka. Kunzwisisa tsika ino inokosha nokuda kwougari hutsva hunoziviswa uye kutora rutivi runobudirira mukudzora kwoutongi hwedemocracy.

Kudzivirira Kodzero Dzomunhu Mumwe Nomumwe

Gadziriro yecheki nedzikamo zvinobetsera kudzivirira maruramiro ebazu rimwe nerimwe kupfurikidza nokudzivisa bazu ripi neripi kuunganidza simba rakawanda zvikuru. Apo rimwe bazu rinotyisidzira maruramiro ebumbiro remitemo, mamwe mapazu anogona kupindira kudzorera. Dare rinogona kuputsa mitemo inoputsa rusununguko rwavanhu, Congress inogona kunzvera ndokupedza kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwebazu ravakuru, uye Purezidhendi anogona kuisa mutemo unotyisidzira rusununguko rukuru.

Iyi dziviriro inochengetwa yakawanda inokosha zvikurukuru nokuda kwamaruramiro mashoma, ayo angava anotapurika kana kutonga kwakapfava kwavazhinji kukapararira pasina ganhuriro dzebumbiro remitemo. Gadziriro inovimbisa kuti kudzivirira maruramiro omunhu oga hakutsamiri chose chose pasangano ripi neripi kana kuti purogiramu yavakuru vakuru.

Kusimudzira Kuzvidira Nokubvumirana Pane Zvisina Kufanira

Kupfurikidza nokuda batira pamwe pakati pamapazu, gadziriro yecheki nedzikamo zvinosimudzira kurangarira nokubvumirana mukuita mitemo. Mutemo mukuru unoda chaizvoizvo tsigiro kubva kuzvose zviri zviviri Congress naPresident, uchikurudzira kukurukurirana nokuvakwa kwemibatanidzwa mizhinji. Uyu muitiro unogona kuva unokangaidza uye unononoka, asi unobetsera kuva nechokwadi chokuti mitemo inoratidzira mifungo yakasiana- siyana uye ine tsigiro yakakwana kuti igoitwa nenzira inobudirira.

Kudikanwa kwebatira pamwe yevhoriyano inoparirawo mikana yekurukurirano yavose nekurukurirano. Sezvo mutemo unopfuurira kupfurikidza neCongress, unowana kurangarirwa kwapurezidhendi, uye kuhwirudzurwa kunobvira kunotarisana nedare, vagari vemo vane mativi akawanda okuwana simba rokupesvedzera muitiro wacho uye vanoita kuti vamiriri vavo vazvidavirire.

Kuzvidavirira

Kutarisirwa kwebazu guru icherekedzo inokosha yeCongress pasimba raPurezidhendi nedzikamo mukurwisana nokungwarira kwake mukushandisa mitemo nokuita mirau. Iri basa rokutarisira rinobetsera kuvimbisa kuti vakuru vakuru vehurumende varambe vachizvidavirira kumutemo uye kuvanhu vavanoshumira.

Vakuru vakuru vebazi pavanoziva kuti Congress inogona kuongorora mabasa ayo, kurayira uchapupu, uye ingava inovakurudzira kuti vasaita zvakaipa, vane zvikonzero zvakasimba zvokutevera mutemo uye kuita zvinhu nenzira ine musoro.

Kujairana Nemamiriro Ezvinhu Anochinja

Kuchinja - chinja kuri mugadziriro yokuongorora uye yedzikamo kunoita kuti hurumende yeAmerica ikwanise kuchinja mararamiro ayo asi ichichengetedza mutemo unoramba uchienderera mberi.

Uku kuchinjika kwakabvumira Bumbiro reMitemo kutsungirira kwaanopfuura mazana maviri amakore, rinoramba rakafanira pasinei zvapo nechinjo dzinoshamisa munzanga yeAmerica, upfumi, uye basa renyika munyika. Kukwanisa kwetsika kushanduka kupfurikidza nokushandisa, muenzaniso, uye kududzira, panzvimbo pokuda kugadziridzwa kwenguva refu kwenguva refu, kwave kuchikosha kunduramo yaro refu.

Kunzwisisa Basa Rako Mugadziriro

Nepo Bumbiro Remitemo richigadza nzvero dzapamutemo nedzikamo pakati pamapazu matatu ehurumende, vagari vemo vanoita basa rinokosha mukuita kuti gadziriro ishande nenzira inobudirira.Kuzvidavirira kwedemocratic kunotsamira pakupedzisira pavagari vemo vanoziva uye vakabatana avo vanonzwisisa kuti hurumende inoshanda sei uye vanoita kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vave nomutoro wezviito zvavo.

Kushambadza uye Kusarudza

Kusarudza kunogovera nzira yakananga zvikurusa yokuti vagari vemo vapedze nayo ganhuriro yesimba pakati pamapazu. Kupfurikidza nokuvhota nokuda kwemitezo yeCongress nePurezidhendi, vagari vemo vanosarudza kuti vanhu vapi namapati vachadzora mapazu emitemo neanotungamirira.Idzi zvisarudzo zvakasarudzwa zvinotapura chinhu chiri chose kubva kumitemo inopfuudzwa kuvatongi vanogadzwa kumitemo inotoitwa.

Vaya vanoitira hanya kugadzwa kwedare vangaisa vapurisa vane uzivi hunoenderana nezvavanokoshesa.

Kuramba Uchiziva

Kuva mugari wemo kunobudirira kunoda kuziviswa pamusoro pezviri bazu rimwe nerimwe rehurumende.

Kunzwisisa mashandiro anoita vanhu vagari vemo kunobatsira kuona zvinotaurwa pamusoro pesimba rehurumende, kuziva apo bazi rimwe ringave riri kudarika simba raro, uye kunzwisisa kukosha kwokuzvidavirira.

Kubatanidzwa Kwechibvumirano

Kuonana nevamiririri vakasarudzwa pamusoro pemitemo, kutsinhira paruzhinji pamirau yakakarakadzwa, kupinda horo dzetaundi nokutongwa kwavose, uye masangano anotsigira nokuda kwemiitiro yakati zvose zvinomirira zvimiro zvebvumirano yehurumende zvinogona kupesvedzera mashandisire anoita mapazi uye mitemo yaanoronda.

Kana bazi rimwe richiita serine simba rakanyanya, kana kuti maitiro okutarisira ari kuputswa, kana kuti kana mitemo yemitemo iri kuputswa, vagari vemo vanoziva vanogona kumutsa zvinovanetsa, kuzvidavirira, uye basa rokudzorera dzikamo yakakodzera.

Kutarira Mberi: Nguva Yemberi Yamakepe Nedzikamo

Sezvo hurumende yehurumende yeruzhinji yeAmerica inopfuurira kuchinja, gadziriro yokuongorora nokudzikamisa ichatarisana nedenho itsva nemikana. Kuchinja ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, kuchinja kwezvinhu zvepasi pose, mipimo yenzanga, uye kugadziridzwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika kuchaedza zvose kusimba uye kuchinjika kwegadziriro yacho.

Nheyo huru inonzvera nedzikamo — yokuti simba rinofanira kukamuraniswa ndokumanikidzirwa kudzivisa udzvinyiriri — inoramba iri madikanwa nhasi seyakakodzera seiri apo Bumbiro Remitemo rakanyorwa.

Rubudiriro rwehurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica runotsamira kwete bedzi pazvivako zvepamutemo zvakatangwa neBumbiro reMitemo, asi pakudisa kwavakuru vakuru navagari vemo zvakafanana kuremekedza zvivako izvozvo nokushanda mazviri. Apo mapazu anoremekedza chiremera chapamutemo chomumwe nomumwe apo anodzivirira nesimba maruramiro awo amene, apo vakuru vakuru vakuru vanoisa nheyo dzemitemo yebumbiro remitemo panzvimbo pemhindu yehurumende, uye apo vagari vemo vanoramba vachibatanidzwa uye vachiziviswa, gadziriro yechekero nedzikano inogona kupfuurira kudzivirira ndokusimudzira uchangamire hunobudirira.

mhedziso

Gadziriro yechereso nedzikamo pakati pematare, Congress, uye Purezidhendi inomirira chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvikurusa zvegadziriro yebumbiro remitemo reAmerica.

Kunzwisisa kuti tsika ino inoshanda sei — kubva kumuitiro wemitemo kusvikira kuhwirudzuro yokutonga, kubva pavetoes yapurezidhendi kusvikira kuutarisiri hwedare(chinodikanwa nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anotsvaka kunzwisisa hurumende yeAmerica. Masangano chaiwo ayo mapazu anonzvera nawo angaratidzika kuva akaoma, asi ose anobatira donzo rimwe guru: kudzivirira kuiswa kwamasimba kunotyisidzira rusununguko.

Nepo gadziriro yacho ichitarisana nedenho dzinopfuurira, kuvambira pakupesana kwezvamatongerwe enyika kusvikira kududziro dzinochinja dzechiremera chebumbiro remitemo, gadziriro yayo huru yakabvumikisa kuva yakasimba nenzira inoshamisa. Anopfuura mazana maviri amakore pashure pokuumbwa kweBumbiro reMitemo, mapazi matatu anopfuurira kunzvera nokudzikamisa, achichinjira kumigariro mitsva apo aichengeta chivako chinokosha chavaFrame vakagadzwa.

Kuvanhu vagari vemo, kuongorora nokunzwisisa hakusi kungoshanda kwedzidzo chete kuti vabudirire kudzora hurumende yehurumende.

Unyanzvi hwegadziriro yeAmerica hahusi mukudzivisa rwisano pakati pamapazu, asi mukutungamirira ikoko kunorwisana munzira dzinobereka idzo dzinodzivirira rusununguko nepo dzichigonesa kudzora kunobudirira. Chero bedzi vagari vemo vachiramba vakabatanidzwa, vakuru vakuru vanoremekedza ganhuriro dzebumbiro remitemo, uye mapazi anopfuurira kunzvera nokudzikamisa, tsika ino ichapfuurira kubatira sedziviriro mukurwisana noudzvinyiriri nehwaro hwehurumende yedemocracy.

Kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro penzira iyo hurumende yeU.S. inoshanda nayo, shanyira .GOV'I nhungamiro kumapazu ehurumende kana kuti kunzvera nzvimbo dzepaIndaneti Constitution Anette[ kubva kuRaibhurari yeCongress. Nokuda kwezviwanikwa zvedzidzo pavagari vemo nehurumende, U.S.S. Dare rinopa zvinhu zvakaisvonaka nokuda kwavadzidzi navadzidzisi.