Apo masangano anotarisira anoramba achitarisana nezvinodikanwa zvinowedzera uye bhajeti inoderera, anotarisana nechinetso chikuru chinoumba kubudirira kwavo nokuvimbwa navanhu. Ichi chinetso chokudzikamisa mamiriro ezvinhu anodzikamiswa pamitoro inokosha(8) inodzikamisa kudzikamiswa kwemitemo, kudzikamiswa kwemitemo yemhoteredzo, utano hwavanhu, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzisingaverengeki. Zvirongwa zvinofanira kuramba zvichisarudza kuti vashandi vashande kupi, kuti vadzorei mitemo inodzorwa, uye kuti vangaitei kuti vaite pasina kunetesa simba ravo. Nyaya ino inoongorora midzi yechinetso chacho, migumisiro yacho inodzo huru, uye ufakazi hunogona kutevera kuti iendese zvinonetsa zvinobudirira.

Kunzwisisa Chinetso Chokushanda

Chinetso chokutarisira chinobuda pamusiyano uri pakati pezvinodikanwa zvinotarisirwa namasangano kuti aite nezviwanikwa zvinowanika kuti zvisvitse kariro idzodzo. Mitumbi inodzora, madhipatimendi emapurisa, vaongorori vezveutano, uye vatarisiri vemhoteredzo zvose zvinoshanda mukati mezvipingamupinyi zvemitemo zvakaoma zvikuru zvichitarisana negadziriro dzemitemo uye kuongororwa kwevanhu. Chinetso chikuru chiri mukuita kuti kutengeserana kurambe kuripo, kudzivisa kusazvibata, uye kudzivirira fariro yavose pasina kuremadza vashandi kana kuti kukanganisa kururama.

Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvinokonzera Chinetso

Mukaha Wokushandisa

Nzvero inoratidzira nguva dzose kuti masangano akawanda anonzvera chikamu chiduku bedzi chokuputswa kunoshumwa. Semuenzaniso, Occupational Safety and Health Administration yeU.S., inonzvera isingasviki 1% yenzvimbo dzebasa gore rimwe nerimwe, ichitsamira zvikuru pakuzvibvuma kwokuzvidira uye kushuma kwomushandirwi. Nenzira yakafanana, Environmental Protection Agency inonzvera nzvimbo dzinonzvera pamwero unofukidza unopfuura 2% wamanyuko anodzorwa pagore. Iyi haisi haisi hayo zvayo ufakazi hwokukundikana asi inoratidzira zvokwadi inodzvinyirirwa yokuti masangano anofanira kugamuchira sezvo anoramba nhamburiko dzavo.

Migumisiro Yechinetso Chokumanikidzwa

Kukundikana kutsigira mari zvakakwana nemabasa okutarisira vashandi kunoparira migumisiro inoparira kukura kunopfuura zvikuru masangano amene.

Migumisiro Yemamiriro Ezvinhu Anoda Kuitwa

  • Kuderera kwetapuro: Apo zviito zvokumanikidzira zvinova zvishoma kana kuti zvinofanosazivikanwa, vapedzisi vanobvira vanonzwisisa ngozi yakaderera yokuwana nechirango. Ikoku kunoderedza donzo rimene romurairo, sezvo mwero wokuteerera unopfuurira kana kuti kuderera.
  • Kupiswa nokuputika: Kushanda kwakakwirira, dzvinyiriro yenguva dzose yokuisa zvinhu zvinokosha, uye nhamo yetsika kupfurikidza nokuziva kuti kupunza kuchaita kuti vashandi vapedze simba. Kunzverwa kwa 2023 kwavakuru vakuru vehurumende vakawana kuti 62% yakashumwa kuva ine mwero yakakwirira yokuneta kwemirangariro, uye mwero yokuchinja mune mamwe masangano inopfuura 20% gore negore.
  • Kos of Institution Zivo:[[FLT: 1] Sezvo vashandi vane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira vachienda, masangano anorasikirwa nounyanzvi hunokosha mumitoo yokunzvera, miitiro yapamutemo, uye ukama hwenzanga. Kuvakazve zivo iyoyo kunotora makore, zvikurukuru apo mabhajeti erovedzo anochekwa panguva imwe cheteyo.
  • Kuisa mutemo kwapamhene kwakatanhamara: kuoma kana kuti kuneta kunogona kutungamirira kukusavimbana kwavanhu, kutsoropodza kwezvinobudisa nhau, uye kupesana kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Zviteshi zvingamanikidzirwa ipapo kuva zviito zvechimurenga, zvakakwirira zvinodzongonyedza kuronga kwenguva refu.

Migumisiro Yacho Panzanga

Kusaenzana Kwegadziriro Nekusashanda Kwakawanda

Chinetso chokuchengetedza chinowedzerawo dzvinyiriro iripo. Zvirongwa zvine pfuma yakaganhurirwa zvinowanzonangidzira ngwariro pakuputswa kunooneka, kunooneka nyore nyore munharaunda dzomumaguta kana kuti mumativi akakwirira, nepo nzanga dzomumaruwa navagari vomumaruwa vakaderedzwa zvingava nechero kuderedzwa. Nenzira inopesana, mamwe mapurisa ari mudzvinyiriro yokuratidza miuyo yokuchengetwa kwemhosva duku dzinodenha munharaunda dzinotambura, kuderedza nokudzvinyirira ukama hwenzanga. Uyu mutoo wanzi / $8] udzoro wakaderera newakaderera wemitengo inodzorwa muzvimwe zvinhu. $4]

Zvirongwa Zvokutaura Nechinetso Chokumanikidzwa Kushanda

Nepo pasina mhinduro imwe inogona kubvisa mukaha wokusagona kubudisa zvinhu, mubatanidzwa wemitoo yakavakirwa paufakazi unogona kubetsera masangano kuita zvakawanda nezvaanazvo. Nhengo dzinoshanda zvikurusa dzinonangidzira ngwariro pakugadziridza zvisarudzo zvakanaka, unyanzvi hwokushandisa zvishandiso, uye kuvaka mibatanidzwa inobatira pamwe.

Kuvandudza Kubudirira Kwedu

  • Risk-Basa reProfection: Zvirongwa zvinofanira kuronga kuzivisa zvivako zvakakwirira zvikurusa, mufambiro, kana kuti nzvimbo dzapasi uye mitengo yokuisa ngwariro kumativi ose. Nzanga dzeNzvimbo dzapasi dzinotevera “Nhau inopanwa yeChizvarwa Chinotevera, somuenzaniso, kushandisa mashoko anoramba achinangidzira kunzverwa pazvivako nebviro hurusa yekuvadziko, kuvandudza mwero yokubatira nokuderedza ndyiko dzenzvero dzose. [[FLT:] PA] Nhamba Inotevera yeGAMBA-NHAURO.[FLT]
  • Kushandiswa kwemichina yetechnology Utiltiation: Kushanda kwemazuva ano kuri kuramba kuchitsamira pamaturusi emichina akadai sokuona zviri kure, mapurogiramu okuongorora anogarwa nemunhu, uye uchenjeri hwokugadzira kuti zvizivikanwe. California Air Resources Board yakavhura mifananidzo nemuchina unodzidza kuziva kuvhura mvura neoiri, zvichiita kuti vaongorori vatarisi vatarisi vangwa vatarisi vapedze nzvimbo dzingangova dzinopesana.
  • .Statumline Procedodes: Kuderedza denga rebureaucrack kunogona kusunungura nguva yavashandi nokuda kwamabasa makuru okuchengeta. Zvirongwa zvinofanira kuhwirudzura miitiro yomukati kubvisa mvumo dzinodzorwa, kupfavisa zvinodikanwa zvemapepa, uye kutevera gadziriro dzemibato yemagetsi dzinoderedza mitoro yokutarisira.
  • [[NHAU] Smart and Development: Panzvimbo pokupa rovedzo yakarovedzeka, masangano anofanira kuisa unyanzvi hunowirirana nokuchengeta kwavo kwakakwirira zvikurusa. Vashandi vanorovedza muchinjikwa kubata marudzi akawanda enzvero kana kuti nzvero anowedzerawo kuchinjika nokusimba.

Kuronga Kudzidzisa

  • Sangano rePuregist: Kugoverana ungwaru, vashandi, uye midziyo mumativi ose amasangano zvinogona kuwanzanisa simba rokuita kuti zvinhu zvivepo. Masimba ebasa akabatana anobatanidza hurumende, hurumende, uye pfuma yomunzvimbomo muenzaniso wakabvumikiswa munharaunda dzakadai sokutengesa mirimo, utsotsi hwemari, uye utsotsi hwemhoteredzo. Dhipatimendi reU.U.S. reH. Crime Drime Drigim Eniclective Task Task Forcess anogovera muenzaniso wokuti zvinhu zvakabatanidzwa zvinowana miuyo sei miuyo iyo masangano mamwe namamwe asingagoni kuita.
  • Chibvumirano cheCommunity: Mitezo yenzanga inonyoresa seshamwari dzinochengeta inogona kuvandudza kuungana kwouchenjeri, kuwedzera kuzviisa pasi kwokuzvidira, uye kuvaka kuva pamutemo. Gadziriro dzemapurisa dzomunharaunda dzinosimbisa kurinda tsoka kwenguva dzose, misangano yenharaunda, uye kupedza chinetso zvakaratidzwa kuderedza utsotsi apo kunenge kuchishandiswa vakuru vakuru vashoma pamunhu.
  • Masangano echiPuric-Private Transpans: anogona kupa ruzivo rwezvigadzirwa, mashoko, uye kunyange vashandi kuti vatsigire nhamburiko dzokuita kuti zvinhu zvivepo. Somuenzaniso, mamwe maguta akabatira pamwe namakambani anotasva bhasikoro kuti ape mashoko pamusoro pokuputswa kwemigwagwa kana kuti namakambani ezvishandiso kuti azive kudzorwa kwemvura kusiri pamutemo. Kubatana kwakadaro kunoda kudzora kwokungwarira kuti adzivise rwisano dzefariro asi kunogona kuwedzera zvikuru nhevedzano.
  • Mitemo yeProgramu yeProgramu yePromo yeChibvumirano: Kupa zvikarakadzo zvokuzvishayisa simba nokubvuma kunogona kuderedza kudikanwa kwezviito zvokuchengetedza. Department of Corporate Compliance Programs inotusa makambani anoshandisa miitiro yokuteerera yakasimba nezvirango zvakaderedzwa, kukurudzira tsika yokudzivirira panzvimbo pokuwana.

Kunzwisisa Kwomufambiro Nezvidzidzo Zvinoshatisa

Behavioral economics offers low-cost tools that can improve compliance without additional enforcement resources. Simplekuchinja - chinja - chinja - chinja - chinja - chinja - chinja - chinja - chinja zvakadai sokutumira tsamba dzinoratidza kuwirirana kwevezera rako, kurerutsa zvimiro zvokushuma, kana kuti kupa zvirongwa zvakajeka zvokuzvidira zvinotevedzana.

Kuyera uye Kubudirira Pakukurukurirana

Zvirongwa zvinofanira kufamba kupfuura kuverenga zvibereko (nhamba dzenzvero, faindi dzinobudiswa) kukuyera miuyo (mwero yemiuyo, kuderedzwa mukuvadziko, gutsikano yavose). Kushuma kunooneka pamusoro pemitemo kunovaka chivimbo chavanhu uye kunobetsera kururamisa zvikumbiro zvemitemo kuvagadziri vemitemo. Hofisi yeDarement neBanki yakakurudzira masangano kutora “mipimo yemibato yokushandisa inoitwa nomutemo inobatanidza zvakananga nebetsero dzenzanga.

Kuongorora Zvirwere Mukumanikidza Kunobudirira

Kunzvera mienzaniso chaiyoiyo yenyika umo masangano akabudirira kudzora chinetso chokuchengetwa kwemitemo kunogovera zvidzidzo zvinoshanda zvinogona kuchinjwa mumativi ose.

Fundo 1: Kudzorwa Kwemhoteredzo – Muitiro Wakachena Wemvura muNorth Carolina

Vachitarisana nokutemwa kwemari kwakakomba, Dare reNorth Carolina reNzvimbo dzakakwirira (DEQ) rakarongazve kupesana kwaro kwokuchengetedzwa kwemvura pagadziriro yengozi. Vachishandisa girabhu yeGIS uye mashoko enhau, vashandi vakawana 20% yezvivako zvine mutoro we 80% yokuputsa. Nokuongorora nokubatsira kwezvounyanzvi panzvimbo idzi dzakakwirira, DEQ yakaderedza kuputsa kukuru kwe30% mumakore maviri pasina kurongera vamiririri. Sanganowo yakaperekedza vazvipiri vemayunivhesiti vomunzvimbomo kuti varovedze vazvipiri kuti vatarire nzizi dzemikoro nokushuma kushatiswa kungabvira, kumwe kusvika kwaro.

Fundo Yechakaitika Chapashure: Law Eninkractment – The Chicago Alternative Poligist Strategy (CAPS)

Muna 1990, Chicago Police Department yakaita mutevedzeri wemapurisa enzanga uyo wakabvisa mari kubva pashanyo dzinobatanidza nzanga dzinopfuurira. Vakuru vakuru vakagoverwa kumatare akananga ndokukurudzirwa kuvaka ukama navagari vemo, kupinda misangano yenzanga, uye kushanda pamwe chete nemamwe masangano eguta kupedza zvisakiso zvikuru zvoutsotsi. Mumakore mashanu okutanga, utsotsi hwamasimba masimba hwakaderera neanopfuura 30%, uye gutsikano nemapurisa yakawedzera zvikuru (8) apo bhajeti yose yedhipatimendi yakawedzera nokuzvininipisa bedzi. [[FLT:]] Nzveroo yakakwana neNational Institute of Justice yakasimbisa kuti chengeteko yavose yakavandudzwa nezvinoshamira kuchengeteka kwavose pasina kuraira vashandi.

Fundo Yechinoitika 3: Public Health – Purogiramu Yokuzorora YapaNew York City

Department of Health yeNew York City yakatarisana nedenho yokunzvera maresitorendi anopfuura 24 000 gore negore nevashandi vakaganhurirwa. Sangano racho rakatanga gadziriro yokugadziridza tsamba yakavakirwa pamadhigirii enzvero, iyo yakaiswa panzereji panzeresitorendi. Iyi dzvinyiriro yakapfava yemipimo yemirimo yemirimo yakagadzirwa nameso: maresitorendi ane magiredhi mashoma, achiparira kurudziro yakasimba kuti awirirane nemitemo youtano. Gadziriro yacho yakabvumirawo vaongorori kuisa ngwariro pamaresitorendi ayo akanga agamuchira magiredhi akaderera, panzvimbo pezvichekedzo zvisina kurongwa. Mumakore matatu, maererano nemipimo yezvo youtano yakakomba zvikuru yakavandudzwa ne20%, uye chikamu chezvikamu chehoteramu yokugamuchira maAredhisikirwo kubva pasi pe 60% kusvikira ku 80%. Chirongwa chifo chapfuura maguta ose chakateve chave chave chave chakava mutengo.

Nyaya 4: Safety – UK Health and Safety Exeptution (HSE)

HSE inoshanda nenyanzvi duku pamunhu mumwe nomumwe kupfuura nyika dzakafanana, bva inochengeta imwe yezvinyorwa zvekotsekano dzebasa zvakanakisisa zvenyika. Kusvika kwayo kunotsamira paboka ramasangano akajeka ezvishandiso zvokutarisira: zano risina kurongwa nokuda kwenhau duku, kuvandudza zviziviso zvengozi dzine mwero, uye zviziviso zvengozi yepakarepo. HSE inobudisawo nhungamiro ine udzame nenzvero dzengozi dzechikamu, ichigonesa vashandirwi kuva vanozvibatira vamene nenzira inobudirira. Kupfuudzira kuwirirana nokudenha maindasitiri ebasa makurusa, HSE yakaderedza kuuraya ngozi kubasa ne 80% chifo cha 1970 apo inoramba ichiita kuti mari ishandiswe yakaderera.

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi: Kugadzira Gadziriro Dzokufambisa Masimba Anoda Kushandiswazve

Sezvo chinetso chokuchengetwa kwacho chinowedzera (8) kupfurikidza nokuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, kuvhiringidzwa kweruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, uye kugadziridza kariro dzenzanga (affectal) zvinofanira kugamuchira nzira dzokutarira mberi dzinovaka ushingi mukushanda kwadzo.

Zvinodeya Kutaurwa Neal

Mienzaniso yokudzidza michina inogona kubetsera masangano anoziva apo kuputswa kunobvira zvikurusa kuitika, achibvumira kupindira kunofanoitika panzvimbo pokunzvera kwokuita chiito. Sacrities neExchange Commission yeU. yakashandisa kugadzirwa kwomutauro kwomusikirwo kuratidzira mitoo inonyumwirwa muzvinyorwa zvemari, kuchigonesa vanzveri kunanga mukati mezvinoitika zvokushambadzira nenzira inobudirira zvikuru. Maturusi akafanana ari kuiswa mukutevedzerwa kwechadenga kuti adeyapuke zviitiko zvemhoteredzo zvakavakirwa pamamiriro okunze, marusarudzo, uye mashoko enhau.

Kuchinjwa Kukuru Kwazvinoita

Pane kushandisa mari yakarongwa yegore negore, masangano anogona kushandisa mashandisiro anochinja - chinja emari ayo anobvumira kuchinjwa kwezvinhu nokukurumidza kuti zvishande nokutyisidzira kunenge kuchibuda.Murakatira weCHOVID wakaratidza kudiwa kwokuti masangano outano avanhu vose akurumidze kuwedzera; chikamu chiduku chemari yokuchengetedza inoiswa parutivi nokuda kwegadziriro dzekukurumidza kugadziridza chinogona kudzivisa njodzi kuti dzisakunda gadziriro yacho.

Kuchinja Muitiro

Pane dzimwe nguva nzira yakanakisisa yokupedza nayo chinetso chokuchengeta kusavanza mipimo imene. Mitemo yakavakirwa paMashandiro (sezviito, “kuderedza kubudiswa kwemiitiro inobudiswa neX%” panzvimbo pe“michina yemichina Y”) inopa masangano anodzorwa kuchinjika zvikuru kuti awane zvigadzikiso zvinoshanda zvinoparira mutengo, nepo ichiita kuti kuchengetwa kuve nyore kupfurikidza nokunangidzira ngwariro pamiuyo inovandika. Department of trating’s iderendected mipimo yakarectory yakaderedza kudikanwa yokunzvera nepo kuvandudza kunaka kwomugwagwa.

Maneseji okudzidza pakati pemuchina womuchina

Masangano anofanira kutora rutivi mumibatanidzwa yezivo inoparadzira miitiro yakanakisisa mumativi ose. Masangano akadai seInternational Network for Environmental Compliance and Ercementmentation nePolice Adminitive Research Forum inopfavisa kudzidza kwevezera rako, kugoverana maturusi, uye kurovedzana, kubetsera masangano kuramba achiwirirana mativi matsva pasina kunyora nhamburiko.

mhedziso

Chinetso chokuva nechokwadi hachisi chinetso chechinguvana chinogona kupedzwa nokungowedzera zviwanikwa. Idambudziko rekudzikama richaramba riripo chero bedzi kariro dzavo dzichipfuura simba ramasangano okuchengetedza. Zvisinei, kupfurikidza nokubatanidza kuisa njodzi pachinetso, kutanga kubatana, uye kungwara kwetsika, masangano anogona kuvhara zvikuru mukaha pakati pezviwanikwa zvawo nemitoro yawo. Masangano anobudirira zvikurusa anobata kusabata ganhuriro sepembedzo dzokuita asi sezvirongwa zvokugadzira zvinhu zvakachenjera kuti abudirire pakuchengeta chivimbo chenzanga dzaanoshanda. Pakupedzisira, kudzora mamiriro ezvinhu anoda kutungamirira kuti pave nechisarudzo chakaoma, kuti chii, chii, uye kuisa mari mumasangano anogonesaita kuti zvinhu zvibudirire kwenguva refu pane zvamatongerwe enyika.