Kunzwisisa kodzero dzako pasi pebazu rinotungamirira kunokosha nokuda kwokufambidzana nehurumende yehurumende. Bazu guru rinobatanidza Purezidhendi, masangano ehurumende, uye madhipatimendi . rine simba guru muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, kubva pakubudisa nzvero dzeSocial Security kuti ipedze miraudzo yemhoteredzo. Bva vanhu vazhinji havana chokwadi pamusoro pedziviriro dzavanayo pakubata nebazu rino. Iyi nhungamiro yomutauro wakapfava inoputsa kodzero dzinokosha dzaunadzo muU.S. Constitution uye mutemo wehurumende, zvinotsanangura kuti bazu rehurumende rinoshanda sei, uye zvinogovera nhano dzinoshanda kuti risimbise kodzero idzodzo padziri madikanwa.

Bazu Rinotungamirira Chii?

Bazu guru ndirimwe ramapazu matatu akaenzana ehurumende yeUnited States, parutivi pemapazu emitemo (Conreg) neamatare. Basa raro guru rebumbiro remitemo ndero “kutarisira kuti Mitemo ipedzwe nenzira yokutendeka” (Article II, Chikamu 3). Mutungamiriri wehurumende anobatira somusoro webazu rino, asi basa rezuva nezuva rokugadza mitemo negadziriro dzehurumende zvinoitwa nemubatanidzwa mukuru wamasangano, masangano, masangano, masangano ehurumende.

Zvinhu zvikuru zvinoumba bazi guru zvinosanganisira:

  • Kushanda kweHofisi yaPurezidhendi (EOP):[[FLT] Vashandi vepaImba Yevachena, Hofisi yeDzidzo neDzidzo, National Security Council, uye mamwe mapoka anotsigira Purezidhendi zvakananga.
  • MaBato eCabinet 15: Akadai seBato reHurumende, Department of Defense, Department of Justice, Department of Health and Human Services, uye Department of Homeland Security. Rimwe nerimwe rinotungamirirwa nomunyori akagadzwa naPrezidhendi ndokusimbiswa neDare.
  • Masangano anotsamira pamunhu: Saiwo Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Federal Communications Commission (FCC), uye Social Security Administration (SA). Izvi zvinoshanda nokuzvimirira kwakati kuti mukudzorwa kwakananga kwapurezidhendi, kunyange zvazvo zvichiri rutivi rwebazu ravakuru vakuru.
  • [ Hurumende: Yakadai seBasa rePosi neAmtrak yeU.S., iyo inogovera mabasa avose.

Nokuti bazi guru rinobata anenge mativi ose oupenyu hweAmerica — “kutengesa mari, mitero, kubatsira, kuchengeteka kubasa, kudzivirirwa nevatengi, uye zvakawanda) zvinokosha kuziva kodzero dzauinadzo dzepamutemo paunenge uchishamwaridzana neaya masangano.

Kodzero Dzako Dzomutemo Dzinorwisana Nechiito Chine Simba

Tsika dzeBumbiro reMitemo reU.S. dzinoisa miganhu pane zvinogona kuitwa nebazi guru kwauri. Dziviriro idzi dzinoshanda kana uri mugari wemo weUnited States, mugari wechigarire wapamutemo, kana kuti (muzvinoitika zvizhinjisa) munhu asiri mutezo womuviri muUnited States. Dziviriro dzebumbiro remitemo dzinokosha zvikurusa dzinowanikwa muBill of Rights neIneth Amendment.

Maitirwo Emutemo

Findre Amendment inotaura kuti hakuna munhu acha “vanofarwa noupenyu, rusununguko, kana kuti zvinhu, pasina muitiro wakafanira womutemo.” Ikoku kunoreva kuti hurumende isati yagona kutora chimwe chinhu chaune maruramiro kwar(akadai sorusununguko rwako, musha wako, rezinesi rako rebasa, kana kuti betsero dzehurumende yako dzinofanira kutevera miitiro inoruramisira. Chaizvoizvo muitiro uri “pamberi pedai, asi unowanzobatanidza:

  • Thombo: Unofanira kuudzwa pachine nguva mberi kuti chiitoi icho hurumende inoronga kuita uye chikonzero nei.
  • [[FOL:0] Mukana wokunzwika:[[FT:1] Une maruramiro okupa rutivi rwako, kazhinji kazhinji pakutongwa kana kuti kupfurikidza nezvinodzorwa zvakanyorwa.
  • Muiti wechisarudzo asingasaruri: Mukuru mukuru anosarudza mhaka yako haafaniri kuva nefungidziro yomunhu oga kana kuti mhindu yemari.
  • Access kuufakazi: Unogona kuona ndokupindura kuufakazi huri kushandisa hurumende mukurwisana newe.

Somuenzaniso, kana Sangano Rokuchengetedza Vane Urema rikasarudza kumisa kurema kwako, unofanira kuudzwa kuti unyore uye kupiwa mukana wokukwirira kana Dhipatimendi Rezvokuchengetedzwa Kumusha richida kukudzinga munyika, une kodzero yokuenda pamberi pomutongi anoenda kune dzimwe nyika, uchapupu huripo, uye une gweta (zvisinei nokuti muzviitiko zvakawanda muhurumende).

Kudzivirirwa Kwakaenzana Kwemitemo

Gemendment yechi 14 inorambidza bazu guru kusarura dzinza rako, munhurume kana mukadzi, chitendero, mavambo orudzi, kana kuti mamwe marudzi anofungidzirwa pasina ruramiso yakasimba zvikuru.Izvozvi zvinoreva kuti sangano rehurumende harigoni kukuramba betsero, kuisa chirango, kana kuti kukubata nenzira yakasiana chose chose nemhaka bedzi yokuti uri ani. Kana ukadavira muitiro kana kuti chiito chesangano zvinokudenha nemhaka yemitezo yako muboka rakadzivirirwa, ungava neziviso yapamutemo.

Dziviriro Pakunzvera Nokunyengedza Zvisina Uzivi

Gadziriro yeChina inokudzivirira pakunzvera kusina mufungo uye nhamo dzinoitwa nehurumende.Izvi zvinoshanda kuvakuru vakuru vebazu vakadai savamiriri veFBI, vareshi veTSA, uye vakuru vakuru vanoona nezvokupinda munyika. Kazhinji kazhinji, vanoda gwaro kubva kumutongi kana kuti zvimwe chikonzero chokunzvera musha wako, motokari, kana kuti migumisiro yomunhu oga. Kune kusiyana (mhiko, kunzvera muganhu, migariro isina kurongwa), asi mutemo wakarongwa ndewokuti kuvhozhokerwa kwehurumende kunofanira kuva kune mufungo. Kana kodzero dzako dzichiputswa, ufakazi hunowanikwa nenzira isiri yapamutemo hungabviswa mudare, uye ungakwanisa kukwidza nokuda kwechira.

Rusununguko Rwokutaura Nekukumbira

First Amendment inodzivirira kodzero yako yokutsoropodza hurumende, kutsigira kuchinja kwemitemo, uye kukumbira hofisi yebazi kuti igadzirise zvigumbu. Unogona kunyorera Purezidhendi tsamba, kupupurira pakutonga kwavose, kunyunyuta kunze kwezvivako zvehurumende (zviine nguva ine mufungo, nzvimbo, uye ganhuriro), uye kuronga navamwe. Bazu romukuru harigoni kukutsiva paunobvisa rezinesi kana kuti kukunzvera (8) kungofanana nemhaka yokuti wataura murangariro.

Kodzero Huru Dzokutonga: Mitemo Inokudzivirira

Kupfuura Bumbiro Remitemo, Congress yakaisa mitemo inokupa kodzero dzakananga pakubata nebazi rinotungamirira.

Rusununguko Rwokuwana Mashoko (FOIA)

FOIA inokupa kodzero yokukumbira mapepa anobva kusangano rebazu ripi neripi rehurumende. Haudi kutsanangura chikonzero nei uchida mashoko acho; unobvunza zvako. Hurumende dzinofanira kupindura mukati mamazuva 20 ebhizimisi (kunonoka kunozivikanwa navose). Dzinogona kunyima mashoko bedzi pasi peimwe yedzinenge dzisingabvumiri, dzakadai sedzinorongwa dzechengeteko dzamarudzi, zvakavanzika zvebhizimisi, kana kuti zvakavanzika zvomunhu oga. Kana sangano rikanyima marekodha nenzira isina kufanira, unogona kukwidza mudare rehurumende. FOIA ndichimwe chezvishandiso zvine simba zvikurusa zvokuvanzesera, kubvumira vatori venhau, vatsvakurudzi, vatsvakurudzi, uye vagariwo zvavo kuti vabudire zviri kuitwa nehurumende.

Nzira yokushandisa nayo FOIA: Zivisa sangano rine zvinyorwa, gamuchira chikumbiro chakanyorwa (masangano akawanda anogamuchira kuzviisa pasi paIndaneti), rondedzera machinyorwa zvakananga sezvinobvira, uye iva akagadzirira kubhadhara mari inoringana yokunyoresa (kunyange zvazvo mibhadharo inowanzopirwa nokuda kwezvikumbiro zvavose). Unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pa FOIA.FOV[FLT]]

Chirevo Chokuva Woga cha 1974

Chiratidzo cheAssocial Act chinodzora mashandisiro anoita masangano ebazi makuru, kuashandisa, uye kuudza vamwe mashoko ako.

  • zvinyorwa pamusoro pako umene zvinochengetwa nesangano, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvisingaitwi.
  • Kugadziridzwa kwezvinyorwa kwaunodavira kuti hakuna kururama, hakushandi, kana kuti kukurumidza kukurumidza.
  • Consing kuzivisa yezvinyorwa zvako kumativi echitatu (kana pasina kusiiwa kunoshanda, kufanana nokuchengetwa kwomutemo kana kuti kushandiswa kwomuitiro kunobudiswa nesangano).
  • [ batanidza sangano [ kana rikaputsa chiito ndokukukuvadza.

Dare reFisc Act rinoshanda bedzi pamasangano anochengeta masangano. Icherekedzo inokosha pakunzverwa kwehurumende uye kuunganidzwa kwamanyoro. Nokuda kwoudzame hwakawanda, shanyira napa [[FLT: 0] National Archives Act jinsful papt [[FLT: 1]

Administrate Procedure Act (APA)

APA i “bhuku romutemo” nokuda kwenzira iyo masangano ehurumende anoita nayo mitemo, mufambiro wemhiko, uye kuita zvimwe zviito. Kunoda masangano kupa ziviso yavose nebanza rokutsinhira pamitemo inokarakadzwa, kutevera miitiro inoruramisira mukutongwa, uye kugovera zvikonzero zvezvisarudzo zvavo. Crucily, APA inobvumira kukumbira dare kumisa zviito zvesangano izvo zviri “kushandisa zvisina kufanira, kungwarira, kana kuti zvimwe kusawirirana nomutemo." Iyi ndiyo nzira huru inogara achidenha nayo zvisarudzo zvebazu rokutungamirira. Nemhaka yokuramba betsero yokuita murairo.

hwirudzuro yejekiseni pasi peAPA: Kuunza nhau, unofanira kuva wakatambura kazhinji kazhinji maruramiro apamutemo kana kuti wakatapurwa zvakaipa nechiito chesangano. Unofanira kumisa mishonga yehurumende kutanga (i., chikumbiro mukati mesangano), uye ipapo unogona kukwidza mudare reruwa. APA haisati ichigadzira maruramiro okukwidza; inogovera mupimo wehwirudzuro nokuda kwemimwe mitemo kana kuti Bumbiro remitemo.

Kuwana Kwakaenzana Kumutemo Weruramisiro (EAJA)

Kana ukakwidza hurumende yehurumende nenzira inobudirira pamusoro pechiito chesangano uye nzvimbo yehurumende “haina kururamiswa nenzira isina maruramiro,” EAJA ingada kuti hurumende ide kubhadhara mibhadharo yegweta rako nendyiko dzapamutemo.Izvozvi zvinokurudzira vanhu vamwe navamwe kudenha mufambiro wehurumende usina mufungo pasina kutya kuputsa zvikwereti zvapamutemo.

Kodzero Chaidzo Muzvinoitika Zvebazu Zvine Guru

Kutama

Kana uri mukubviswa (kutumwa), une maruramiro anokosha:

  • Kodzero yokumirirwa negweta (pandyiko yako umene).
  • Kodzero yokutongwa pamberi pomutongi anoenda kune dzimwe nyika.
  • Kodzero yokukumbira kuyamura kwakadai senzvimbo yokupotera, kubviswa, kana kuti kugadziridzwa kwenzvimbo.
  • Kodzero yokukwidza chisarudzo chakaipa kuBoard of Immigration Appeals uye ipapo kudare rehurumende.

Usatongosaina chinhu chipi nechipi usina kunzwisisa, uye hautongofaniri kuzvidza kodzero yako kukutongwa usina kubvunza gweta. Hofisi yeImmigration Review (EOIR) inogovera mashoko apachena pa [[FLT: 0] website yavo [[[FLT: 1]].

Gadziriro Dzebetsero Dzamagariro

Zvirongwa zvakafanana neSocial Security Administration (SA), Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), uye Department of Agriculture (zvitambi zvezvokudya/SNAP) zvinofanira kutevera mitemo yorumano pakuramba, kuderedza, kana kuti kugumisa betsero. Nguva dzose une maruramiro ku:

  • Bvunza kuti chisarudzo chacho chakanyorwa sei.
  • Faira iri kukumbirwa kuti ifambe musi waidiwa kuti iitwe (inowanzova mazuva 60 kana 90).
  • Kumbira kutongwa pamberi pomutongi womutemo wehurumende (ALJ).
  • Ipa uchapupu nezvapupu.
  • Imirirwa negweta kana kuti mumwe mumiriri akakwaniriswa (mapere anowanzodzorwa kana kuti kupiwa chirango nokuda kwavanhu vanowana mari yakaderera).

Nokuda kwebetsero neSSA, ona [[FLT: 0] SA] peji yokufadza [[FLT: 1].

Vatsigiri Vehurumende Navatengesi

Kana ukaita bhizimisi nehurumende yehurumende, une maruramiro pasi peContract Disputes Act neStatus Business Act. Unogona kudenha zvibvumirano mibairo, kutaura muripo nokuda kwebasa rinoitwa, uye kutsvaka hwirudzuro yezviito zvakaipa. Gadziriro dzeFederal Acquisition Regimendition (FAR) dzinoda masangano kuti avarape vagadziri zvakanaka.

Basa Rokushanda

Kana uchishanda nokuda kwebazu guru (kubatanidza namauto), une maruramiro chaiwo somushandi womubatanidzwa. The Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB) inonzwa zvikumbiro zvakashata zvezviito zvakadai sokupfura, kuderedzwa, uye kusundwa. Unodzivirirwawo pakutsiva nokuridza mhete pasi peWhistletrouser Protection Act.

Kutsigira Kwaungaita Kodzero Dzako: Matanho Anoshanda

Kuziva kodzero dzako kunongova hafu bedzi yokurwa. Heino nzira yokudzishandisa nayo nokubudirira:

  1. Chinyorwa chiri chose. Chengeta makopi amabhii ose, mafomu, maemail, uye zvinonyorwa zverunhare navakuru vakuru vesangano. Rekodhi, mazita, uye zvakataurwa. Izvi zvinoita mukoto wepepa unokosha nokuda kwokukwirira kana kuti kurovererwa.
  2. Pasi pekumira miganhu. Kodzero zhinji dzine ganhuriro dzenguva dzakatsiga. Somuenzaniso, chikumbiro cheFOIA chinofanira kuchengetwa mukati mamazuva 90; Chikumbiro cheSangano reNkatezo mukati mamazuva 60; gakava rebvumirano mukati mamazuva 90. Mark kendara yako nefaira nenguva.
  3. Shandisa zvikumbiro zvetsika. Paunenge uchikumbira mashoko kana kuti uchifadza chisarudzo, nyora chikumbiro chako wotumira netsamba yapupuridzwa kana kuti nesangano repaIndaneti. Maemail echimunhamba-nei angarambwa.
  4. Kumbira gweta. Munhau dzakaoma(kakurukuru] Kupinda munyika, basa rehurumende, kana kuti zvibvumirano zvehurumende) rinoita kuti gweta rizive mutemo wehurumende. Masangano mazhinji epamutemo anopa rubatsiro rwapachena kana rwakaderera kuvanhu vane mari shoma.
  5. Kuonana navamiriri vako vakasarudzwa. Mahofisi eCongregation kazhinji kazhinji ane vashandi vemitemo vanogona kukubetsera kufamba nesangano resangano. Tsamba inobva kumutezo weCongress inogona dzimwe nguva kupedza mhinduro.
  6. Fire yokunyunyuta nomunzveri mukuru wesangano. Kana ukanyumwira kunyengera, tsvina, kubatwa zvisina kufanira, kana kuti kusazvibata, Inspector General anogona kunzvera ndokurumbidza chiito chokururamisa.
  7. Sungai matare kana kuri madikanwa. Kana mishonga yose yokutarisira yapera uye uchiri kudavira kuti sangano racho rakaputsa kodzero dzako, unogona kuisa matare mudare rehurumende. Makambani ezvirongwa zvemhindu akawanda anotora nhau dzakadaro.

Chokuita Kana Uchifunga Kuti Kodzero Dzako Dzave Kupunzwa

Kana ukaona zvaunodavira kuti chiito chisiri pamutemo chinoitwa nomukuru mukuru webazi kana kuti sangano, tevera matanho aya:

Ngano Dzinozivikanwa Nezvekodzero Dzebazi Dzine Simba

Ngano: Purezidhendi anodzora chinhu chiri chose, naizvozvo handigoni kukurira hurumende.

Chokwadi: Dare Repamusorosoro ragara richingoramba richirambidza zviito zvepurezidhendi kupfuura mitemo yehurumende.

Ngano: Handina kodzero dzipi nedzipi kana ndisiri mugari wemo.

Idi: Bumbiro reMitemo rinodzivirira “vanhu” kwete chete“ vanhu.” Kusatonga kweU.S. kunowanzova negadziriro yakafanira nekodzero dzeFirst Amendment, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe kodzero (sokuvhota) dzichiganhurirwa kuvagari vemo. Miitiro yokutora inopawo kodzero dzakati kudzimwe nyika.

NHEMA: Zvikumbiro zveFAIA hazvibatsiri nokuti masangano anogara achiramba.

Zvokwadi: FAIA zvikumbiro zvinowanzobudirira. Gore ra2022, masangano akagadzira zvikumbiro zvinopfuura 800 000 ndokupa mukana unenge wakakwana wokuwana 85% yazvo. Kupfuurira uye unyanzvi hwokunyora hwakakodzera (sokufanana nokuva akananga uye anonangidzira mikana yako zvikuru.)

Kwokuwana Betsero

Kana uchida betsero inonzwisisa kana kuti kutaura maruramiro ako, rangarira izvi zvinhu:

  • USA.gov - shoo yehurumende yeUnited States inogovera mashoko pamusoro penyunyuto dzesendi, vasonganiri vemitengi, uye betsero. Shanyo USA.gov.
  • [ Office yokudhinda (GPO) – rugwaro rwakazara rwemitemo nemirau pa govinfo.gov.
  • [ Register - Zvicherechedzo zvemitemo nezviito pa bharani.gov.
  • [[[NHAU]] IDZOSA nePROBono - Wana sangano reyamuro yomunzvimbomo kupfurikidza ne Dare reMabasa reMitemo yeLegiol [[.
  • [ Conregional Ombudsman - Kumbira hofisi yoruwa yomumiriri wako nokuda kwebetsero namasangano ehurumende.

mhedziso

Bazu guru rakakura uye rinotapura upenyu hwako munzira dzisingaverengeki, asi hauna simba. Bumbiro remitemo, mitemo yehurumende, uye zvisarudzo zvedare zvinokupa kodzero dzakafara kuti uve nechokwadi cheruramisiro, kujeka, uye kuzvidavirira. Nokunzwisisa idzi kodzero(kodzero) dzokuwana mashoko, kubatwa zvakanaka, nzira dzakaenzana, dziviriro yakaenzana, uye mano okudenha zvisarudzo zvehurumende, uye, unogona kuwirirana nechivimbo nemasangano uye, kana kuri madikanwa, kudzorera chiito chisiri chepamutemo. Chengeta ichi senongedzero, nyora kuwirirana kwako, uye usazengurira kutsvaka betsero yenyanzvi apo mbango dzacho dzakakwirira. Kodzero dzako dzinovapo kuti dzikudzivirire; kuziva ndiro yokutanga kuzviita chaizvoizvo.