Chii Chiri Kusarudzwa Pakati Penguva?

Sarudzo dzemicter dzinoitika pakati pechikamu chegore chapurezidhendi, zvikurukuru paChipiri chokutanga pashure poMuvhuro wokutanga muna November wamakore akatoverengwa asati ari makore ejaho. Iwo rutivi rukuru rwegadziriro yehurumende yeUnited States, achigovera mukana wenguva dzose wokudzosazve simba muCongress, hurumende inoisa dare ramabhishopu, uye hurumende dzomunzvimbomo. Apo sarudzo yapurezidhendi inokwevera ngwariro yavose nechemberi, nhambo dzapakati dzinovawo dzinovawo zvakaenzana: ivo vanosarudza kuti ipi vadzore imba yavamiriri uye kuti boka rinoisa voruzhinji muDare, uye kuti vatange vapambe voruzhinji muDare, uye vanogadza chiteshi chamakore maviri okupedzisira chomutezo wapurezidhendi.

Nhoroondo dzakaitika kare, kusarudza kwenhambo dzenguva pfupi kwave kuchibatira sechisarudzo pamusoro pebasa rapurezidhendi akagara. Chifo chomugumo weHondo yeNyika II, mubato wapurezidhendi wakarasikirwa nezvigaro zveImba munhambo dzose kunze kwemiviri pakati (1998 na 2002). Uyu mutoo, pane dzimwe nguva unonzi “chirango chenguva,” unoratidzira kusagutsikana, kusagutsikana kwakaderera pakati pevatsigiri vapurezidhendi, kana kuti chishuvo chokunzvera nedzikamo. Kunzwisisa chinoitika mukati memamanhambo zviitiko zvokuvhotairwa kwemibatanidzwa yemibatanidzwa yeSarudzo dzePrejistation (898 ne200) kunokosha mukunzwisisa kuti mamiriro ezvinhu ehurumende yeU.S.

Kutora Rutivi Nesimba Rokufamba

Musarudzo yapurezidhendi, muvhoti anowanzopfuura 60% yechiverengero chavanhu vanovhota chakafanira. Pakati pemitengo, nhamba iyoyo inowira munhau munenge 40-50%. Somuenzaniso, mudanho rapakati pe 2022 yakanga iri inenge 46.8% yavavhoti vakakodzera, zvichienzaniswa na 66% mujambwa rapurezidhendi, maererano ne U.S.Budies Bureauer. Iyi inorega kubuda pakati pevota, vaduku namadzinza, uye vanhu vane mari yakaderera.

Zvisakiso zvinoverengeka zvinotsanangura kuderera kwenhambo yapakati. Vavhoti vazhinji vanorangarira kuva vashomanene apo purezidhendi anenge asiri mubato. Kushambadzira kwenhau kunodererawo, uye kushambadzira kwenhimbe kunoratidzika kuva kwakaderera zvikuru kunze kwamaruwa amakwikwi. Bva pakati penhambo yave ichikwira mumidungwe yazvino uno: 2018 minutes yakawana chinyorwa chakakwirira chanenge 49% yavavhoti vakakodzera, vachisundwa nembavarirano yakasimba pakati paDemocrats napambe mukurwisana naPurezidhendi Trump. 202222 mitempo, nepo yakaderera zvishoma, ichiri kuratidzira kuva nechengedzero kwenhambo yechipiri yapakati pamakumi amakore, kunoratidzira kuti purotootaidzo inoziva nomutoo unowedzera ukoshi hweidzo yakadai.

Kutora rutivi kwezvikwata zvinosiyana zvikuru nehurumende uye nedzinza. Mitemo inonyoresa zuva rimwe chetero, kuvhota kusingashandisi tsamba kunowanzova nemitemo yejere rakakwirira. Mitemo yeID, kuvhota nzvimbo inovharwa, uye maawa anokurumidza akaganhurirwa evhotera inogona kudzvinyirira, zvikurukuru pakati penzanga dzeruvara. Midters inoonawo mwero wakakwirira wevakweguru, vachena, uye vakadzidza zvikuru wevavhoti vevanhu vose, izvo zvinogona kuisa migumisiro yezvavanoda munhau dzakadai seSocial Security, Medicare, uye mitero.

Kusarudzwa Kwemisangano: Imba neDare

Imba Yavamiriri: MaSeatt 435 Ari Kutamba

Sarudzo iri yose yapakati penhambo inobatanidza zvigaro zvose 435 muImba yaVamiririri. Vamiriri vanobatira zvigaro zviviri zvamakore, naizvozvo chigaro chiri chose chinosimudzirwa nokuda kwokubata. Ikoku kunoparira mhoteredzo yakabatana norudzi umo nhau dzorudzi (kwakadai sezvemari, tarisiro youtano, kutama, uye muganhu wetendero wapurezidhendi) pesvedzero yamarudzi omunzvimbomo. Kunyange mumaruwa akakotsekana umo musukinyi akagara pachigaro kwamakumi amakore, kuchinja kwenyika kunogona kupfuudza chiverengero chiduku chezvigaro uye kudzikamiswa kwesimba.

Mugumisiro unobva muImba yacho unosarudza kuti mukurukuri anenge achipikisana nedare rinotungamirira. Boka reruzhinji rinogadza zvigaro zvedare, rinoita mavhota pauriri, uye rinosarudza kuti zvikwereti zvipi kuti zvii zvinofanira kufambiswa mberi. Kuchinja kwezvigaro zvishomanana chete kunogona kuchinja Imba kubva kune mumwe munhu anoshandira pamwe chete kuva muvengi wemutungamiriri wedare, zvichitungamirira kukuita kuti pave nechigaro chemitemo kana kuti kumanikidza purezidhendi kuti avimbe nevetoes uye zviratiso zvevakuru vakuru vakuru. Somuenzaniso, pashure pema 2010, mavhiki, Republicans awana zvigaro 63 uye aidzorwa, achishora Purezidhendi weObama.

Dare: Chikamu Chine Tsitsi Chinochinja Makore Maviri Ari Ose

Vatongi vanobatira mashoko matanhatu egore, naizvozvo inenge imwe yezvigaro 100 zveDare zvinokwikwidzwa musarudzo imwe neimwe yenhambo. Nemhaka yokuti mifungo yeDare inozunguzirwa, zvigaro chaizvoizvo zvinoiswa nokuda kwesarudzo zvinotsamira pakirasi: Kirasi I, II, kana kuti III. 20222 pakati penguva, somuenzaniso, yakaratidzira zvigaro zveClassing III (kubatanidza izvo zvinobva kunyika dzakafanana neArizona, Georgia, neOhio). Muna 2026, Kirasi Ichava pabhoti.

Mijaho yedare inoda kuisa ngwariro yakawanda nemari kupfuura mijaho yeImba nemhaka yokuti hurumende imwe neimwe inosarudza vatenzi vaviri bedzi, naizvozvo kushatirwa kumwe kunogona kubvisa voruzhinji. Kusimbiswa kwevatongi veDare Gurusa, vatongi vehurumende, uye vanyori vedare kunoda tendero yeDare. Mutungamiriri woruzhinji anodzora zvinodzorwa nemhiko dzinosvika pauriri. Sezvo Reliebuster anobvumira vashomanene kuvhara mutemo mukurusa kunze kwokunge vasasarudza 60 vavhota kugumisa kurukurirano, nhau dzokunyora. Mitevero inowanzosarudza kana purezidhendi achikwanisa kupfuudza mutemo wesigina kana kuti anofanira kutaurirana neDare rinorwisana.

Hurumende Nemadzinza Omunzvimbomo: Gavhuna, Mitemo, uye Maballot Maara

Gavhuna Nemitemo yeHurumende

Midters inobatanidzawo sarudzo nokuda kwamagavhuna 36 (mumaruwa mazhinji) uye zviuru zvezvigaro zvehurumende. Gavhuna vanoita basa rinokosha mukuronga bhajeti yehurumende, kutarisira dzidzo nechokufambisa, uye kutungamirira migariro yezveutano yavose. Muhurumende dzakawanda, gavhuna anogona kuisa mutemo ndokugadza vatongi vehurumende. Mitemo yehurumende inodzora kudzorwa kwechikamu chinowana simba pashure penhambo yepakati pekugona kunyora mepu dzinoda vazvirongwa nokuda kwegumi ramakore rinotevera. Mazana epakati ezvoutano, anogona kuita kuti chitunhutubu cheRepublican chibvumire boka racho kuti riite maruwa akadai sePennsylvania, Ohio, uye Wisconsin, achivhara mubetsero dze 2020.

Miuyo yehurumende inogonawo kuva yetsika dzorudzi. Vamba rinoita zvakanaka mumadzinza ehurumende kazhinji kazhinji rinovaka bhenji ravatendi vane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira nokuda kwomubatanidzwa womunguva yemberi. Uyezve, masangano ehurumende ane mutoro wokugadziridza kukarakadzwa kwebumbiro remitemo nemitemo (ibasa rakawana ngwariro pashure pechisarudzo cheDare Gurusa re 2022) chapambwa Roe v. Wade[, iro rakabvisa kurukurirano yokubvisa mimba kudzokera kuhurumende.

Mabharuti Nokuzvidzora

Mukuwedzera kuvada kuvana, nyika dzakawanda nenzvimbo dzinoisa zviyero zvokutsiva pamberi pavavhoti mukati memanhambo apakati. Izvi zvinogona kusiana kubva pamitero newedzero yemitero shoma kusvikira kukuwanwa kwapamutemo kwembanje, maruramiro okuvhota, uye mirau yemhoteredzo. Muna 2022, vavhoti munyika shanu vakatenderwa kukudza Medicaid, nepo muMichigan, kugadziridzwa kwemitemo kudzivirira rusununguko rwokubereka kwakapfuudzwa. Millot inobvumira vagari vemo kupfuudza mitemo yehurumende uye kuisa kana kuti kuramba mitemo zvakananga, kuita kuti nguva dzapakati pezvishandiso zvine simba zvemibato yemichero yemichero yeuswa.

Nemhaka yokuti kuvhakacha kwakaderera uye kunotsiva zvikuru pakati penhambo, zviverengero zvaavo vanovhota zvinogona kubvisa miuyo yezvitanho zvechikwata. Somuenzaniso, zviendzo zvinoda kukura zvikuru nokuda kwokupfuura mamiriro ezvinhu. Zvakadai sezvikarakadzo zvokuwedzera mitero zvingakundikana mumhoteredzo yakaderera yepane pokupinda kunyange kana vaizowina mugore rapurezidhendi. Kunzwisisa mutambo pakati pemijaho yapamusoro namabasa okutsiva kunokosha mukunzwisisa ukurusarudzo.

Kufambira Mberi Negadziriro Zvinoshanda Zvikuru

Zvisarudzo Zvikuru

Gadziriro yesarudzo yapakati penhambo inovamba nezvisarudzo zvikuru, zvinowanzoitwa pakati paMarch naSeptember wegore resarudzo. Vatongi vanosarudza kukwikwidza kwomubato mumwe nomumwe nokuda kwesarudzo yavose. Mudzimwe nyika, starmishi “yakazaruka,” inobvumira kuzvimirira kana kuti kunyange mitezo yerimwe boka kuvhota; mune dzimwe, vano“vharwa,” vachiganhurira kutora mitezo yebato yakanyoreswa.

Pashure pezvirongwa zvedare, nhimbe yavose yesarudzo inoita inenge mwedzi miviri, kunyange zvazvo madzinza amakwikwi zvikurusa angaona kupedzwa kunopfuurira kubva kudenderedzwa rakatangira. Misi yaPrezidhendi inowanzoona kuwedzera mukushandiswa kwenhimbe: 2022 nhengedzero yenhambo dzapakati penhambo inotengwa ne $16,7, mukuwirirana ne Féderal Evolution Commission [[[FLM]], ichiiita sarudzo inodhura isinganyanyi kukosha munhau. Mari iyi inoyerera nomumapaunzi makurusa nemari matema asingagoni kuzivisa vapi vavo, itiro pamusoro pokuoneka nokupesvedzera.

Mashoko Ezvinobudisa Nhau, Okushambadza, uye Ezvekufambisa Mashoko

Kushambadzira kwave kuri kukwirira zvikuru mumadhigirii, kunyange zvazvo terevhizheni ichiri kukurumbira mumisika yekare yenhau dzinobudisa nhau. Kushambadzira mashoko nokutumira mashoko zvinopesana nehosha zvinowanzozivikanwa, zvinowanzonangidzira ngwariro pafunganyo yezvemari, ndyiko dzezvoutano, kana kuti nhau dzetsika dzakadai soutsotsi nedzidzo. Mapepanhau anofambidzana anowedzera mashoko okushatisa, uye zviitiko zvokunyengedzera zvokumwe uye zvemhuri, zvose zviri zviviri zvave rutivi runopfuurira rwemapakati pamakore chifo cha2016.

Nhungamiro dzeVoter namasangano asina nzanga akafanana neLeague of Women Voters ne Ballottedia zvinobetsera vavhoti kunzwisisa vada kufunda nemirando yezvokuvhota. Zvisinei, vavhoti vazhinji vachiri kushuma nyongano pamusoro pezviri pabhorati, zvikurukuru mumijaho yeGaborate nokuda kwavatongi, mapuranga ezvikoro, uye vakuru vakuru vakuru veruwa. “uyu mukaha wemashoko weBotater” unogona kuomesanisa nokutungamirira kuzvisarudzo zviduku.

Tapuro Pakutonga Nokutungamirira

Kurwa Kwemadricky Yomutemo Nepartisan

Zvichida tapuro yapakarepo zvikurusa yesarudzo yapakati penhambo ipesvedzero yavo pasimba rapurezidhendi rokutonga. Kana boka rapurezidhendi rikatadza kudzora kamuri rimwe kana kuti dzose dziri mbiri dzeCongress, zviteshi zvemiganhu yemitemo. Purezidhendi angatendeukira kumirano yavakuru vakuru uye kugadziridza zviremera kuti asvike nharidzano dzehurumende, asi idzodzi kazhinji kazhinji dzinodenhwa mudare uye dzinogona kuchinjwa nomutsivi. Kurasikirwa kweMidtermeters kunonetesswo kuderedza kumira mukati mebato ravo vamene, pane dzimwe nguva kuchinyandura denho huru kana kuti kudzosa utungamiriri.

Asi kana papati pakaitwa zvigaro (asina kumira asi zvichibvira, somuna 2002 pashure pe9/11), zvinogona kutsanangurwa sezvinofanira kuitwa uye kugonesa mutemo wezvinzvimbo.

“ LamĕDuck” Nguva Nezvikamu Chaizvo

Midters dzinoitika muna November, asi vakuru vakuru vachangobva kusarudzwa havapikidzwi kutozosvikira muna January wegore rinotevera. Nguva iri pakati pesarudzo neDare idzva inozivikanwa sechikamu chinorema chinoremara. Munguva ino, mitezo yakasununguka neCongress yakagara inogona kupfuura zvikwereti zvakasara, vanosimbisa vatongi, kana kuti kuita chimwe chinhu chakaregwa. Marusando eAmleàduck akashandiswa kuisa mutemo unomutsa nharo uyo ungasapfuura muDare idzva (somuenzaniso, muna 2010, mukati mechiremaremag.62dock, Congress yakapfutay yapfuudza repeal of “Don’s Ask, Don’t Tell."

Migumisiro yepakati penhambo inogonawo kuisa nzvimbo nokuda kwesarudzo yapurezidhendi anotevera, nepo mubato unoita zviri nani unowanzowana simba: vazvipiri, vapi, uye vanoda kupiwa simba, uye nhauro yezvinobudisa nhau pamusoro pechinjo dzapurezidhendi anochinja. Chiratidziro chakasimba chepakati chinogona kuvaka benji rebato nokuda kwedenderedzwa rinotevera, nepo kuratidzira kusina kusimba kunogona kutungamirira kumweya unonzvera uye chinjo dzakarongwa.

Nhoroondo Nezviito

Zvakaita kurasikirwa nebato rapurezidhendi hakusi chinhu chazvino uno. Muna 1882, Purezidhendi Arthur’s Republicans akarasikirwa nezvigaro 33 zveIndaneti. Nenzira yakafanana, Purezidhendi Hoover’s Republicans akarasikirwa ne 10133seasetain muna 1930 munguva yokuderera kukuru kwoupfumi. Zvakasiyana bedzi paPresidemokrati profesidenti °WI (Pupresint Clinton) uye 2002 (Presidentint Bush)(Punt Bush) / Clinton yakakuromendirwa mumigariro yechienzi: Clinton yapakati peteves akatevera gakava reDhemocraticism rakatoous, uye raBush rakauya pashure pokurwisa 9 /11 apo kubatana kwenyika kwaidiwa mumitengo.

Mamwe masayendisiti ezvamatongerwe enyika anotaura kuti chirango chapakati penhambo inzvimbo yakagadzirwa murutivi: vavhoti vanotora pakati-nhambo vanowanzova vanorwisana zvikuru uye vanosundwa zvikuru nechishoro kupurezidhendi kupfuura netsigiro. Mukuwedzera, sogrande inonzi “kutsvaka nokuderera” rondedzero inoreva kuti mubatanidzwa wakasarudzwa purezidhendi wakaoma zvikuru kubatanidzwazve mumhoteredzo yakaderera. Ava vane simba vakafundwa zvikuru navanzveri paPew Research Center uye masangano edzidzo; nokuda kwokurava zvakadzama, [[FLT:] Pew Research Center Pectal Center yenformation inobudisa kunzvera kwenguva dzose kwetsika yepakati poti.

Kupedzisa: Nei Zvichikosha Kuti Pave Nenguva Dzakawanda

Sarudzo dzemisi inopfuura zvikuru kusarudzwa kwoushamwari nokuda kwamakwikwi apurezidhendi anotevera. Dzinochinja zvakananga dzikamo yesimba muWashington nomumadzimbahwe ehurumende, dzichipesvedzera chinhu chiri chose kubva kumwero wemitero nokusvikika kwoutano kusvikira kumitemo yokuvhota nemiraudzo yemhoteredzo. Voter, nepo iri pasi kupfuura mumakore apurezidhendi, yakaratidza zviratidzo zvokuwedzera, uye nhau dziri padanda hadzina kumboitwa zvakajeka zvikuru. Kunzwisisa chinoitika mukati memama $8, basa rezvisarudzo zvedare, basa rezvigaro zvehurumende nemirairo zvemari, muuyo pamusoro pokudzora kwevagari vemo vose vanoda kuita zvisarudzo zvokuziva pabhokisi rebhorati.

Sezvo United States inopfuurira kutarisana nenharo dzinoparadzaniswa pamusoro pehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, mamiriro ezvemari, uye muitiro wenzanga, kusarudzwa kwenhambo yepakati kunoramba kuri chimwe chezvishandiso zvine simba zvikurusa zvokuti vanhu vazvidavirire kuzvidavirira.