Gadziriro huru yesarudzo muUnited States haisi gadziriro imwe inokwana mativi ose. Panzvimbo pezvo, ibasa rakaumbwa remitemo nemhesano yehurumende inosarudza kuti masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika anosarudza sei vadaviri vavo nokuda kwesarudzo. Nokuda kwavavhota, kunzwisisa misiyano iyi inokosha kushandisa maruramiro avo nenzira inobudirira. Kuvaraidzi navanzveri vezvamatongerwe enyika, mhatsa yemagadzirirwo emiitiro makuru anopa nzvimbo yakapfuma yefundo yechimiro chegadziriro dzevhiyio, pesvedzero, uye pakupedzisira, mufananidzo. Nyaya inopa vasarudzori vehurumende yakaisvonaka, vasarudzo, vanonzvera marusarudzo, betsero, uye vanokweva vara masangano egadziriro imwe neimwe.

Kupfuudzira Kwamagadzirirwo Okusarudza Apakuvamba

Sarudzo huru dzinobatira somuitiro wokusarudza kwomukati kuti mapati ezvamatongerwe enyika asarudze manyuko awo. Nepo pfungwa iri yakananga, kuuraya kunosiana zvikuru. Marudzi matatu makuru ndiwo maprigint, aivhura matrigiteria [[, uye [[FLT]] uye [FLT]] manyuko [manyuko] kana kuti mahomberi ainenge akasaririra. Mune aya mapoka, mashoko angashandisawo kuchinja kwakasiyana - jingiri, pamusoro-mapiri, kana kuti mavhiyinzi mumitemo. Chisarudzo chekuvhotera, chipoto, chitsarudzo, chitsarudzo chite, chitsarudzo chite. Chirango chakakurumbira chaparo, chitsarudzo chite.[5]

Mari Dzakavharwa

Mu yakavharwa zvikuru, vavhoti bedzi avo vari mitezo yakanyoreswa yebato rezvamatongerwe enyika vangavhota musarudzo huru yebato iroro. Iyi gadziriro yakarongedzerwa kuva nechokwadi chokuti vadaviri vanosarudzwa navatsigiri vebato vakazvipira, vachidzivisa mitezo yemapoka anoshora kupesvedzera kupesvedzera. Vatsigiri vanotaura kuti mapringi anodzivirira perero yebato uye vanokurudzira kutora rutivi kune revo kumitezo yakapikirwa. Vatsoropote kuti vanoshora kuti vanobvisa vavhotera vanozvimirira uye vanogona kutungamirira kuvada zvikuru, sezvo muvhotera mukuru anoratidzika kuva anodzorwa zvikuru.

Mibatanidzwa ine mabhiritari akavharwa

Masangano anotevera anoshandisa zvipfuro zvakavhara zvimwe zvebato rimwe guru (dzimwe nyika dzinobvumira vanhu kusarudza mitemo yavo vamene):

  • Alabama – Voters dzinofanira kuzivisa kuti vanhu vanobatanidzwa paboka racho kuti vanyorese kuti vatsigire chikamu chikuru chebato iroro.
  • [[[ITS.0] DARARA – Vrind primes dzemativi makuru ose; hapana kuvhota kunobvumirwa.
  • Florida – Imwe yenyika dzakavharwa hurusa; mitezo yebato yakanyoreswa bedzi inogona kuvhota mubato rayo guru.
  • Krequency – Vavaled primries; hurumende inobvumirawo vavhoti vasina kubhadharwa kuchinja kunyoresa kusvikira panguva yokutora rutivi.
  • Louisiana – Nepo Louisiana anoshandisa “chimbichimbi” nokuda kwemahofisi ehurumende nomunzvimbomo (vose vanobhapatidzwa papepa rimwe chetero, pamusoro pembiri dzenguva mberi), mapringiringi apurezidhendi anopfigwa kana mapati asarudza chimiro ichocho.
  • Mississippi – Voters dzinofanira kusarudza papati apo kunyoresa; chinhu chikuru bedzi chebato iroro chinowanika.
  • New Hampshire - FOUROM nokuda kwa “kutanga murudzi”; nyika inobvumira vavhoti vasina kuziviswa kusarudza mubato pazuva resarudzo, kuita kuti muitiro waro uve pedyo nenzira inobudirira. Zvisinei, mitezo yebato yakanyoreswa inofanira kunamatira nepati yavo.
  • North Carolina - Hurumende inobvumira vavhoti vasina kuvhota kuti vasarudze mubato, asi mitezo yebato yakanyoreswa ingangovhota bedzi mubato ravo vamene guru. Ikoku kunokuita kuti kuve kwakavharwa kashoma.
  • [[FLT: 0] Oklama - Pakati pezvinoganhurira zvikurusa; primes dzakavharwa nokuda kwemativi makuru ose ari maviri, uye Libertarian Party inoshandisawo chimiro chakavharwa.
  • [ South Carolina – Kuzarura matriprimes (Mavoreji anogona kusarudza chisarudzo chipi nechipi), asi mapati angasarudza kuavhara.
  • ssee – Vakiyirwa nokuda kwapurezidhendi primilt; maprimrim ehurumende avhurwa kashoma (voreta inosarudza chisarudzo).
  • Utah – The Republican Party inoshandisa chinhu chikuru chakavharwa, nepo vaDemocrates vachibvumira vavhoti vasina kuvhota kuti vatore rutivi.

Kusiyana kunyange mukati “kwavakirwa” kunodudza kujeka kwemitemo mikuru. Somuenzaniso, New Hampshire inobvumira vavhoti vasina kuziviswa kutora rutivi, kuchikuita kuti kuve kwakavharwa kaviri pasinei zvapo nokurongwa sekwavharwa. Voter vanofanira kunzvera mitemo yakananga yenyika yavo nhambo imwe neimwe, sezvo mitemo yebato inogona kuchinja.

Zvikwereti Zvakazaruka

Avo vanogamuchira mavhoti anobvumira muvhoti upi noupi akanyorwa kutora rutivi muvhoti huru yebato ripi neripi rezvematongerwe enyika, pasina kuraira kuti muvhoti ave mutezo webato iroro. Vavhoti vanogamuchira bhota rine vapindi vose vebato uye vanofanira kusarudza makwikwi ebato kuti vvunge mauri. Iyi gadziriro inokurudzira kuvhota kwakakwirira zvikuru uye inobvumira vavhoti voga kuva nenzwi mumuitiro wokusarutsira. Zvisinei, vatsoropo vanonyevera kuti inogona kugonesa “raii” – nzira apo vhotera vanovhotera kuti vavhote nokuda kwomutengi muduku zvikuru mubato unopikisa. Somuenzaniso, muna 2020 democracracratic, kwakanga kune hanya pamusoro peRiphabliki yeDhecratic Republicswous.

Mitemo Nezvikwereti Zvinozarurwa

Nyika dzinotevera dzinoshandisa zvigaro zvakazaruka nokuda kwesarudzo dzehurumende nedzehurumende (vatungamiriri vamasangano vangava nemirau yakasiana):

  • Alaska - Inoshandisa gadziriro huru yapamusoro-na (chikamu chikuru chejira reparera) kutanga muna 2022, asi pamberi pezvi yakanga yambovhurika kaviri. Nokuda kwamapringiringi, mapoka achiri kushandisa mitemo yawo amene.
  • California - Operatesi iri gadziriro huru inotangira apo vada kubhapatidzwa vose vanooneka pabhora rimwe, pasinei zvapo nepati. Vavhoti vangavhota nokuda kwomuvhoti upi noupi; vavhoti vaviri vapamusoro vanoenda mberi kurusarudzo, pasinei zvapo nebatano yebato.
  • Colado - Zarura kutanga nokuda kwesarudzo dzehurumende nedzomunzvimbomo; vavhoti vanosarudza mutambo webhoti panhamba. Primetics dzinovharwa kaviri (vavhoti vehurumende vanogona kutora rutivi).
  • Illinois – Voters anosarudza mutambo wepati; hapana ziviso yemitezo yomubato inodikanwa.
  • Incana - Vhara pakutanga; vavhoti vanofanira kusarudza pepati revhota asi havadikanirwi kunyoreswa nepati iyoyo.
  • Iowa - Gufungura pakutanga; vavhoti vanozivisa pati pacaucus kana kuti mavambo (paPrincial primiry, gadziriro yecaucus inoshanda).
  • Maryland - Hurumende ine chinhu chikuru chakavharwa nokuda kwavavhoti vebato vakanyoreswa, asi vavhoti vasina kuvhota vangasarudza chivhoti pamutambo pazuva resarudzo, vachiivhurira nenzira inobudirira. Zvisinei, mitezo yebato yakanyoreswa haigoni kuyambuka.
  • Massachusetts – Anoshanda segadziriro isingavhuri kaviri: vavhoti vasina kuvhota vanogona kuvhota muchikamu chikuru chipi nechipi, asi mitezo yebato yakanyoreswa inofanira kuvhota mukati mebato ravo vamene.
  • [ Michigan – Vharai pakutanga; vavhoti vanosarudza pepa repati vasingazivisi kuti vabatanidzwa.
  • Missouri - Vharai pakutanga; vavhoti vanosarudza pepati pekuvhota.
  • New Jersey - Vakiyirwa mitezo yebato yakanyoreswa; vavhoti vasina kuvhota vangasarudza chivhoti pazuva resarudzo, vachiiita kuti ive yakavharwa kaviri.
  • New Mexico – Semi-open: vavhoti vasina kuvhota vanogona kusarudza chivhoti chepati; mitezo yebato yakanyoreswa haigoni kuchinja.
  • North Dakota - Hapana kunyoresa kwokuvhota; panzvimbo yokuvhota, vavhoti vanobvunzwa kuti ichinhui chikuru chebato chavanoda kuvhota, vachikuita kuti kuvhure.
  • Ohio - Voters vanosarudza mutambo wepati; hapana kunyoresa kwebato kunodikanwa, kunyange zvazvo mitezo yebato yakanyoreswa yakasungirwa kuvhota bedzi mubato ravo guru.
  • Chiratidzo – Chiripo chikuru nokuda kwesarudzo yapurezidhendi (masangano anogadza mitemo), asi maprimiteri ehurumende akazaruka.
  • South Dakota - Zarura yokutanga nokuda kwesarudzo dzehurumende nedzomunzvimbomo; maprimial primry anovharwa kashoma.
  • - Vhara pakutanga; vavhoti vanosarudza kuti ibato ripi guru rokuvhota panzvimbo yokuvhota. Hurumende hainyoresi vavhoti nebato.
  • Virginia - Kuvhura chinhu chikuru; hapana kunyoresa kwebato kunodikanwa.
  • Shashington – Inoshandisa gadziriro yokutanga ine mbiri dzakafanana neCalifornia. Vanoda kufunda vose vanobuda pakavhota imwe, uye vakuru vakuru vaviri pasinei zvapo nepati.

Gadziriro mbiri huru muCalifornia neWashington dzave dziri mativi efundo inokosha. Mukuwirirana nomushumo wakaitwa ne Brennan Center yeRuramisiro, aya masangano akawedzera chisarudzo chomuvhoti asi akamutsawo funganyo pamusoro pomufananidzo weboka duku uye bviro yokuti vaviri vanoda kubhapatidzwa vabva paboka rimwe chetero vatarisane muchisarudzo.

Semi-Bhaundi

Sami-ivhingana inobvumira vavhoti kuti vatore rutivi mubato rezvamatongerwe enyika guru, nepo mitezo yebato yakanyoreswa yakaganhurirwa kumakwikwi avo vamene. Iyi gadziriro inodzikamisa dikanwo yemubato nechishuvo chokubatanidza manzwi azvimiriri. [FLT:] [FLT]] [[FLT]] SAMI-openstrations[[[FTLT:3]] yakafanana, asi musiano mukuru ndowokuti vavhoki havadikanirwi kuzivisa masangano avo papfundo ripi neripi neripi.Ingosarudza zvavo mubatanidzwa panzvimbo yokuvhotera.

Nyika neSemi- - Vrimtary

  • Arizona – Vavhoti vasina kushandwa vangasarudza mutambo webato; mitezo yebato yakanyoreswa ingavhota bedzi mubato ravo vamene guru.
  • Florida - Sezvacherechedzwa, zvakavharirwa mitezo yakanyoreswa, asi mapati angabvumira vavhoti vasina kuvhota kutora rutivi; mapati eRepublican neDemocratic muFlorida ose ari maviri akasarudza kuchengeta maprimiri akavharwa.
  • New Hampshire - Unaffilfified (“kuzivisa”) vavhoti vangasarudza mutambo wepati; mitezo yebato yakanyoreswa haigoni kuchinja mapati pazuva resarudzo.
  • New York[[FLT: 1] - Vakiyirwi zvikurukuru nokuda kwemitezo yebato yakanyoreswa; vavhoti vasina kubhadharwa vangachinja kunyoresa kubato pamberi pekuronga nguva yokutora rutivi.
  • South Carolina - Vhara mukushanda (mavoresa anosarudza brock), asi hurumende hainyoresi vavhoti nepati, naizvozvo hakuna nzira yokuita kuti gadziriro yapfigwa iteerwe.

Zvikamu neSemi-Open Primitary

  • Idaho – Voters angasarudza pepa repati panzvimbo yokuvhota pasina kuzivisa songanirano.
  • New Mexico - Vavhoti vasina kushandwa vangasarudza pekuvhota papati; mitezo yebato yakanyoreswa haigoni kuyambuka.
  • South Dakota[[FLT]--Forminges, vavhoti vanosarudza chivhoti yepati; nokuda kwamaprimilt apurezidhendi, gadziriro inovharwa kaviri.

Iyi gadziriro inowanzovhiringidza vavhoti, zvikurukuru apo miganhu yakafanana neNew Hampshire pane dzimwe nguva inorongwa seyakavharwa pasinei zvapo nokubvumira kusazivisa kuvhota. Norparstan Ballotia[ inogovera kuputsika kune udzame kworudzi rukuru rwehurumende imwe neimwe, uko kuri mupi wezviwanikwa wakaisvonaka nokuda kwaavo vanotsvaka kujeka.

Kutapura Kubatanidzwa Kwezvibvumirano Zvoungwaru

Gadziriro yesarudzo huru ine tapuro dzinodzikwa pamuvhoti nokuvimbisana. Nzvero mumagazini esayenzi nguva dzose dzinoratidza kuti maprimrini anotungamirira kuruvara rwakakwirira zvikuru kana zvichienzaniswa napaprimes dzakavharwa, zvikurukuru pakati pevoti vakazvimirira. Somuenzaniso, 2020 yenzvero ne MIT] Econstation Lab[ yakawana kuti ine maPrimendi akaenzana neavhareji yezvikamu 5 - 7 muzana yakava namapfundo akakwirira zvikuru pakati pemitetetetetesi. Zvisinei, maPrimmates anovharwa anowanzobudisa utyo unowirirana zvikuru nechiva, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kukuvhotera mativi ose.

Chimwe chinhu chinokosha idzidzo inodzorwa. Munyika dzinovhota dzakavharwa, vavhoti vanofanira kuziva misi inotarwa uye mitemo yebato. Ichi chiteshi chehurumende chinogona kutapura zvikuru vavhoti vaduku, vavhoti vakaderera, uye vanhu vane ruvara. Mukupesana, nyika dzinovanza dzakapfavisa muitiro wokuvhota, kuchibvumira kutora nokufanoronga. Bva vashori vanopikisa kuti kuvhura nzvimbo kuderedza kukosha kwemitezo yebato uye kunogona kutungamirira kuzvisarudzo zviduku, sezvo vavhoti vasingagoni kuiswa mubato uyo vari kuvhotera.

Kumuka kwezvipfeko zvisati zviri zvepapatiti zvinofambidzana (mutoo, California, Washington, Alaska) ikombamiro yemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi yakavavarira kuwedzera makwikwi navanoda kudzikama. Mune iyi gadziriro, vada kubhapatidzwa vose vanobatira pamwe chete, uye vaviri vapamusoro (kana kuti vana, muAlaska) kufambira mberi. Iyi purogiramu inoderedza pesvedzero yokuchengeta masuo ebato uye inokurudzira vapapati kukumbira kuva vavhotera vakawanda. Zvisinei, yakatsoropoteswawo nokuda kwokuvhara zvinenge zviri zvechitatu uye vapindi vezviga murudzo.

Kuchinja Kwemazuva Achangobva Kupfuura Nezviito

Chinjo huru nharaunda yomubato wemitemo munyika yose. Muna 2020, vavhoti veAlaska vakatenderwa Ballot Meta 2, iyo yakatsiva mapati egamuchidzanwa nevhotera yapamusoro-partina huru neyakatanhamara muvhoti. Nenzira yakafanana, Nevadada yakapa chiyero cha 2022 okushandisa chiverengero chapamusoro chechishanu, kunyange zvazvo ichitarisana nedenho dzapamutemo. Dzimwe nyika, dzakadai seMissouri neSouth Dakota, dzakarangarira matanho okutama kubva kuvhara kusvika kuvhotera, asi nhamburiko idzodzo dzakapfuura mumakore achangobva kupfuura.

Ichi chinjo dzinoratidzira chishuvo chavanhu chinokura chezvizhinji zvinobatanidzwa zvikuru uye makwikwi. Mukuwirirana nokunzvera kwakaitwa ne Pew Research Center, ruzhinji rwedavavhoti ruchabvumira kuzvimirira kutora rutivi muminamapringi. Bva fariro dzinodzivisa chinjo dzakadaro, kutyira kurasikirwa nokudzora pamuitiro wekuzvidzora. Sezvo nzvimbo yezvamatongerwe enyika inopfuurira kushanduka, zvinyorwa zvikuru zvicharamba zviri musoro unotsoropodza nokuda kwavavhoterai uye vagadziri vemiitiro zvakafanana.

mhedziso

Mhatsa yemiitiro yesarudzo huru muUnited States inoratidza gamuchidzanwa renyika rehurumende nekurukurirano inopfuurira pamusoro penzira yakanakisisa yokusarudza nayo vatendi. Kana hurumende ikashandisa mitemo yavo vamene yakavharwa, yakavhurika, kana kuti yakaiswa panzvimbo imwe, kana kuti yapamusoro ine miuyo chaiyoiyo nokuda kwokutora muvhoti, simba rebato, uye zvimiro zvendangariro zvavada kuoneka parusarudzo. Voters vanofanira kutora nguva kuti vanzwisise mitemo yavo vamene, yakazarukira, kana kuti inogona kuchinja mubatanidzwa wacho uye kana vachigona kushandisa nzanga yavo yose. Masangano ehurumende anogona kuita basa guru mukuzivisa pamusoro peiyi misiyano, kusimudzira kubatanidzwa kukuru uye kuva noruzivo. Sezvinopfuurira kupfuurira kusimbisa kunyoreswa kwakanakisisa, uye kuchengetwa nenzira iri yose.