Table of Contents

Sarudzo dzemicro dzinomirira chimwe chezvikamu zvinonyanyokosha zvehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica, zvinoitika chaizvoizvo pakati penhambo yegore ramapresidenti. Sarudzo idzi dzinobatira segadziriro ine simba nokuda kwavavhoti kuti varatidzire gutsikano yavo kana kuti kusagutsikana negadziriro yazvino, kugadziridza purogiramu yemitemo yenhambo yasara yedare rapurezidhendi, uye kuchinja zvikurukuru dzikamo yesimba muWashington. Kunzwisisa zvinoitika mukati mematunhunhu uye chikonzero nei zvichikosha kuti munhu upi noupi atsvakire kunzwisisa kuti basa rehurumende yeAmerica uye kuti vagari vemo vanogona sei kupesvedzera nhungamiro yetsika.

Kunzwisisa Kutenderera Kwenguva Yokusarudza

Sarudzo dzeMicter isarudzo dzehurumende dzinoitwa chaizvoizvo makore maviri mushoko ramakore mana rapurezidhendi, rinoitwa mumakore anotova nenhamba pakati pesarudzo yapurezidhendi, nezita "midter" richibva munzvimbo yadzo pakati penzvimbo yapurezidhendi. Idzi sarudzo dzinotevera rusarudzo rwakarairwa nemitemo runovimbisa kuzvidavirira kwenguva dzose nemirariro muhurumende yehurumende yehurumende.

Sarudzo dzenguva dzechikamu dzinoitwa paZuva reSarudzo, iro rinopinda musi weChipiri pashure poMuvhuro wokutanga muna November. Iyi nguva yakagadzwa nomutemo wehurumende kugovera kusachinjana uye kudeya kutaura kugadziriro yokuvhota, kuchibvumira vavhoti, vanoda kusarudzwa, uye vakuru vakuru vesarudzo kugadzirira pachine nguva mberi.

Zvinzvimbo Zvinoedzwa Panenge Pasarudzwa Zvikamu Zviduku

Masangano eCongress

Mubumbiro reMitemo reU.S., zvigaro zvose 435 muImba yavamiririri zvinofanira kutarisana navavhoti makore maviri ari ose, sezvo vamiriri vachibatira mashoko amakore maviri. Ikoku kunoreva kuti mutezo mumwe nomumwe weImba unofanira kunhimbe dzokusarudzazve mukati mamakore apakati, kuita izvi zvisarudzo kuva zvinoparira zvikurukuru kuumbwa kwekamuri rakaderera reCongress.

Dare remitezo 100 rakakamurwa kuva makirasi matatu anotenderera, kureva chinenge chikamu chimwe chetatu chezvigaro zveDare (anenge 33 kusvikira ku 35) rinokwikwidzwa mugore ripi neripi resarudzo, kubatanidza marusarudzo. Masangano anobatira mashoko amakore matanhatu, ayo anogovera dzikamo huru mukamuri rapamusoro nepo achivimbisa kuzvidavirira kwenguva dzose.

Hurumende Nemahofisi Omunzvimbomo

Kupfuura nzvimbo dzehurumende, sarudzo dzapakati penhambo dzinobatanidza mhatsa huru yehurumende neyapanharaunda. Mitemo makumi matatu nemana ye 50 U.S. inosanangura vatongi vayo nokuda kwemirau yamakore mana mukati mesarudzo dzenguva yeSarudzo, nepo Vermont naNew Hampshire vanosarudza vatongi kumashoko egore maviri muzvose zviri zviviri pakati penhambo nesarudzo yapurezidhendi, kuchiguma nokusarudzwa kwamagavhuna 36 mukati menhambo dzapakati penhambo.

Hurumende dzakawanda dzinosarudzwa kumatare adzo ehurumende mukati mamakore akati, uye kunewo sarudzo dzinoitwa pamwero wemanisiparati, nameya vakawanda, mamwe mahofisi omunzvimbomo, uye mhatsa huru yezvirongwa zvavagari vemo nezvinonongedzerwa mumutemo pavhota. aya makwikwi enyika nomunzvimbomo anogona kuva netapuro huru pakudzora, kuitwa kwemiitiro, uye upenyu hwezuva nezuva hwavagari vemo munzira idzo pane dzimwe nguva dzinopfuura pesvedzero yesarudzo yehurumende.

Muenzaniso Wenhau: Chikonzero Nei Boka raPurezidhendi Richiwanzorasikirwa

Imwe yemitoo inowirirana zvikurusa mumatongerwe enyika eAmerica ikombamiro yokuti boka rapurezidhendi rirasikirwe nezvigaro mukati mesarudzo. Chifo cheHondo yeNyika II, boka rapurezidhendi rakarasikirwa neavhareji yezvigaro 26 muImba uye avhareji yezvigaro zvina muDare. Ichi chinoitika chakavimbika kwazvo zvokuti masayendisiti ezvamatongerwe enyika navanzveri vakasvika pakuikarira sechinorongedzeka panzvimbo pokuva kunze.

Muna 22 nhamba dzokusarudza kubva muna 1934 - 2018, boka rapurezidhendi rakarasikirwa neavhareji yezvigaro 28 zveimba nezvigaro zvina zveDare, boka rapurezidhendi richiwana zvigaro muImba katatu bedzi asi richiwana zvigaro muDare panhambo nhanhatu. Nhamba idzi dzinosimbisa kuti zvakaoma sei kuti boka rinodzora White House kuchengeta kana kuti kuwedzera masangano aro makuru mumakore apakati penguva.

Kusiyanisa Vanhu Nemutemo Wacho

Sezvo sarudzo dzavose dzakatangwa zvakananga pakati penhambo dzapamberi penguva dzakaita zvisere bedzi, boka rapurezidhendi rakawana zvigaro muImba kana kuti Dare, uye zvaavo, zviviri bedzi (1634 pasi paFranklin D. Roosevelt na 2002 pasi paGeorge W. Bushh_akaona boka rapurezidhendi richiwana zvigaro mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri.

Boka rapurezidhendi rakawana zvigaro zvepaimba pakati nenhambo kana bedzi chifo chama 1930: muna 1934 mukati mokudzika kweKuderera Kukuru Kwoupfumi, 1962 nokukurumidza pashure peCuban Missile Crisis, 1998 pakati pekuchinja kwenhamburiko yeClinton, uye 2002 mushure menhambo yaSeptember 11. Imwe neimwe yaidzodzi yakaitika mukati memigariro yechienzi iyo yakatsigira tsigiro yavose papurezidhendi akaoma.

Chikamu chegore reSix

Kurasikirwa kwakatamburwa mukati menhambo yechipiri yapakati penhambo yedare kunowanzova kunonzwika zvikuru kupfuura mukati menhambo yavo yokutanga, muinorondedzerwa se "chinetso chegore rechitanhatu". Uyu muitiro unokarakadza kuti kuneta kwomuvhoti nokutarisira kunoungana nguva inopfuura, kuchikuita kuti kuve kwakatooma zvikuru kuti purezidhendi achengete tsigiro yesangano sezvo vanowedzera.

Chikonzero Nei Kusarudza Pakati Penhambo Kuchikosha: Zvirongwa Zvokutonga

Kudzora Rongedzero Yemisangano

Sarudzo dzeMidter dzinotema dzikamo yesimba muCongress, rongai purogiramu yemitemo nokuda kwenguva yasara yeshoko rapurezidhendi, uye munhau dzinobatira sereversion pamusoro pebasa rapurezidhendi anogara nemirairo. Mubato unodzora Congress unoshandisa pesvedzero huru pamusoro pezvikwereti zvinogamuchira kurukurirano, iko kufanofungwa, uye kuti purezidhendi anogona sei kushandisa purogiramu dzavo nenzira inobudirira.

Chifo chamavambo egadziriro yamabato yazvino uno mugumi ramakore pamberi peHondo yavagari vemo, Imba yakachinja mativi makuru mukusarudza pakati penhambo inongoti pfuurei chikamu chimwe chezvitatu chenguva, asi chehwerengedzo yeNzvimbo 19 muchinjo munguva iyoyo, dzinopfuura mativi matatu zvakaitika mukati menhambo. Ikoku kunoratidzira kuti pakati penhambo igadziriro yokutanga umo simba riri kuchinjirwa pakati pemapoka ari muCongress.

Kutapura Agenda yaPrezidhendi

Apo boka rinoshora rinowana udzori hwekamuri rimwe kana kuti zvose zviri zviviri reCongress mukati mesarudzo yapakati penhambo, mano apurezidhendi okufambisira mberi zvinhu zvavo zvomutemo anodzorwa zvikuru.

Nenzira yakapesana, apo boka rapurezidhendi rinochengeta kana kuti kuwedzera mativi aro makuru akarongwa,(a zviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki) mamiriro ezvinhu anowana rusununguko rukuru rwokuronda purogiramu yawo pasina mhinganidzo huru dzemitemo. Ikoku kunogona kutungamirira kunhambo dzehurumende yakabatana apo chinjo huru dzemiitiro dzinobvira.

Kubatira Sechirongwa Pabasa Roupurezidhendi

Sarudzo dzemisi yepakati dzinorangarirwa kuva dzinoratidzira pabato riri musimba, uye somuuyo, kusarudzwa kwemitezo yeCongress kunobatanidzwa nenzira inowedzera nechimiro chendangariro chavanhu kuna purezidhendi, nezvigaro zvinotenderera nguva dzose zvichienda kubato risiri rekusarudza apo tendero yavose yapanguva ino inenge yakaderera, uye shatiso apo ruzhinji runodavira kuti kutarisirwa kwavo kuri kuita zvakanaka.

Mwero wetendero yavose yapurezidhendi anokatutsira zvinhu zvinokosha, sezvo tendero inosvika chiverengero chikuru chezvigaro zvinorasika nebato rapurezidhendi, uye mupfungwa iyi nguva yapakati inorangarirwa sechirevo papurezidhendi anokashaikwa. Uku ukama pakati petendero yapurezidhendi nemiuyo yapakati penhambo hunopa vavhoti purogiramu yokutaura mirangariro yavo pamubato wehurumende.

Chifo chaupurezidhendi weFDR, purezidhendi ane chiverengero chakaderera chetendero yavose vakarasikirwa neavhareji yezvigaro 37 zvesangano mukati menhambo dzapakati, uye mapurezidhendi maviri bedzi .Bill Clinton naGeorge W.Bushhhhh achiva nezivikanwo yavose inopfuura 60% mukati mesarudzo dzapakati penhambo dzapakati, zvichibvira kuva purezidhendi vaviri bedzi munhau yazvino uno kudzivisa kutuka kwe "nguva yemapoka."

Kuvhura Mumarusarudzo

Mukaha Unovapo

Sarudzo dzemisi yepakati dzinoparira nhambo dzakaderera munhau kupfuura sarudzo dzapurezidhendi, sarudzo dzapurezidhendi dzave dzachinja 50-60% mumakore 60 apfuura nepo inenge 40% bedzi yaavo vakakodzera kuvhota ichienda kuvhota musarudzo dzenguva dzapakati. Uyu mukaha unokosha unoreva kuti vasaruri vapakati penhambo dzapakati kazhinji kazhinji vakasiana zvikuru uye pane dzimwe nguva muchiverengero kubva kuvasaruri vamapurezidhendi.

Kusarudza kwakaderera pakati penhambo yokusarudza kunogona kuva nemigumisiro inokosha nokuda kwemiuyo inosarudzwa. Kana vanhu vashomanene zvikuru vavhota, kuumbwa kwevhota kunogona kuchinja, sezvingabvira vanoda kuenda namapoka ane vatsigiri vanobatanidzwa nenzira inovimbika zvikuru mukusarudza kwemakore apfuura.

Kuwedzera Kwenguva Ichangobva Kupfuura Munhambo Yapakati

Sarudzo dzenguva pfupi yapfuura dzakapesana nezvingaitwa zvenhau nokusvika mwero yakakwirira zvikuru. Sarudzo ya2018 yakava ne49% yedenda rakakwirira repakati pa1914, uye kunyange kudzorwa kwe2022, pamwero wakaderera zvishoma wa4, muzana, waipfuura wezvisarudzo zvose zvenguva dzose kubvira muna 1970. Mwero iyi yakakwirira yokutora inokarakadza kubatanidzwa kwenzanga uye kuwedzerwa kwokukosha kwesarudzo yepakati pema1970.

Sarudzo yaNovember 2018 inozivikanwa zvikuru nokuda kwokuvhota kwayo kukuru, nemashoko eCensus Bureau anoratidza wedzero ye 11 muzana kubva pasarudzo yapakati penguva yokupedzisira muna 2014, uye makumi mashanu nenhatu muzana yevagari vemo vanovhota muna 2018, chiverengero chikurusa chenguva yepakati namakumi mana amakore.

Mipimo Yokuverenga

Chifo cha 1986, nhamba dzinoratidza kuti kutora rutivi kwomuvhoti kunowirirana zvakananga nezera, naavo vari mumabhuroko ezera rakakwirira zvikuru sezvingabvira zvikuru kuvhota musarudzo dzapakati penhambo, uye kuwirirana kwakafanana kwave kuchioneka musarudzo dzapurezidhendi chifo cha 1988, kunyange zvazvo kubuda muiyi sarudzo kwakakwirira zvikuru. uyu mukaha wezera mukutora rutivi unoreva kuti vavhoti vakura vane pesvedzero huru mukusarudza miuyo yenhambo dzapakati penhambo.

Zvisinei, kusarudza kwazvino uno kwakaratidza zviratidzo zvinokurudzira zvokuvimbisana kwepwere kwakawedzerwa. Pakati pa 18 kusvikira ku 29 makore, muvhoti akabuda kubva pa 20 muzana muna 2014 kusvikira ku 36 muzana muna 2018, wedzero hurusa yechiverengero nokuda kweboka rezera ripi neripi (a 79 muzana). Uku kuwedzera mukutora kwepwere kunoratidzira kuti mwero yokuvimbisana inogona kuchinja zvikuru apo migariro yezvamatongerwe enyika inosunda chiverengero chavanhu chakare chinosabatanidzwa.

Vakadzi vakapfuurira kuvhota pamwero yakakwirira kupfuura varume musarudzo iri yose yapakati penhambo nenhambo chifo cha 1998, uye musarudzo ya 2018 yapakati penhambo, 55 muzana yavakadzi yakavhota ichienzaniswa ne 52 muzana yavarume, mukaha wezvikamu zvitatu muzana. Uyu mukaha wevatano yokubereka une mirangariro inokosha nokuda kwemiuyo yakasarudzwa negadziriro.

Kusarudzwa Kwenguva Kunokosha Kwakachinja America

1994 Chinjo yeRepublica

Mukupera kwa1994, kuchinja kwezvamatongerwe enyika kunokosha kwakaitika muUnited States apo Republican Party yakatangazve kudzora Congress mukati mesarudzo dzapakati, kuchiratidzira nhambo inokosha sezvo vakatora vose vari vaviri Imba Yavamiriri neDare kwenguva yokutanga chifo cha 1954. iyi chinjo inoshamisa yakaguma makore 40 okudzora kweDemocratic muImba uye yakachinja zvikurukuru mugariro wezvematongerwe enyika.

Sarudzo ya1994 pakati penhambo, yakanyandurwa neNewt Gingrich's "Contrect neAmerica," yakapa Republican mhindu nedzokudzora zveImba kokutanga chifo cha 1955. Uku kuvhota kukuru kwakaratidzira simba reshoko renhimberi yorudzi rakabatanidzwa nechekudzoreka kwezvikuru zvedare rehurumende zvakaumbwa kwenguva refu apo mirangariro inochinja zvakasimba.

Mafungu Amatongerwe Enyika a2006

VaDmocrates vakawana zvose zviri zviviri Imba neDare shure muna 2006. Iyi nguva yapakati yakaitika mukati meshoko rechipiri raPurezidhendi George W. Bush, pakati pokusagutsikana kwavanhu kuri kuwedzera neHondo yeIraq nemimwe mitemo yokutarisira. Sarudzo yacho yakaratidzira kuti itiro hanya dzemiitiro yokumwe nemirauriro yetendero yapurezidhendi zvinogona sei kuita kuti kuchinja kukuru kwezvisarudzo zvechisarudzo.

Kuwanda Kwechikwata Chemajeri muMatai a2010

Sarudzo dzenguva shanu dzakapfuura, Republicans dzakawana udzori hweImba muna 2010. Sarudzo iyi yakaitika panguva yokutanga yaPurezidhendi Obama uye yakaguma nokuchinja kwezvigaro kukurusa munhau yazvino uno, kuchisundwa nechishoro chetsika kuAffordible Care Act uye mimwe mitemo yehurumende yeObama. Sangano reTea Party rakaita kuti Republic ipe simba rokuvhotanti uye rakaronga vatsva vakawanda vakabudirira kudenha Democratic in cruments.

Kudzoka Kunoitwa Panyika Kuchinjira Kune Dhipatimendi

Sarudzo yapakati penhambo ya2018 yakaita kuti Democrates adzorezve Imba yavamiririri mukati menhambo yokutanga yaPurezidhendi Trump. Iyi sarudzo yakanga ichizivikanwa kwete bedzi nokuda kwokuchinja mudzoro weImba asiwo nokuda kwemwero inoputsa inotemwa yakareverwa netanho dzakawedzerwa pakati pavavhoti vaduku nenzanga dzakasiana--- siyana. Sarudzo yacho yakaratidzira kubatanidzwazve kwenzanga yenzanga nesimba ravarongedzero dzeuswa.

Zvinhu Zvinopesvedzera Kusarudza Kumwe

Kureverwa Kunoitwa Mutungamiriri Wehurumende

Kuyera kwetendero yapurezidhendi kunobatira sechimwe chezvisarudzo zvakasimba zvikurusa zvemiuyo yesarudzo yapakati penhambo. Munhu anogona kuona batano chaiyo pakati petendero nokurasikirwa nechigaro/kuwana muzvose zviri zviviri Imba neDare, nebvumirano yacho iri yakasimba zvine mwero: r=0.61 nokuda kweImba, r = 0.45 nokuda kweDare. Mapurezidhendi ane miraudzo yetendero yakakwirira zvikuru anowanzoona mapati avo achirasikirwa nezvigaro zvishoma, nepo avo vane tendero yakaderera vachitarisana nokurasikirwa kukuru zvikuru.

Nhamba Yezvidimbu Zvaifanira Kudzivirira

Chiverengero chezvigaro muimba imwe neimwe yeCongress nokuda kwesarudzo chinodzorwa nenhau dzebato rapurezidhendi sezvo nhamba yezvigaro zvokudzivirira inowedzera, nhamba huru yezvigaro inorasika. Uku kutaura kwemasvomhu kunoreva kuti mapoka ane zvigaro zvikuru ane ngozi huru zvikuru uye naizvozvo kurasikirwa kunobvira zvikuru.

Mamiriro Ezvinhu Ezvemari

Nepo zvinhu zvemari zvichiratidzika kuva zvinokosha nenzira yokuziva, ukama hwavo nemigumisiro yenhambo nenhambo hwakaoma zvikuru kupfuura zvaiwanzofungidzirwa.Kunotoshamisa kuti kukwira kwemitengo kana kuti kukura kwemabasa hakuna kubatanidzwa zvakasimba nemhindu yepanhambo yezvigaro kana kuti kurasikirwa, nokukwira kwemitengo kuchiva kusina kusimba nokuda kwezvigaro zveNhenha, uye kuva nebvumirano yedare, uye kuva nenzvimbo inokura kana kuti kuderera kuva nebatano yezvose zviri zviviri Imba neCatenary nemhenary ebato yedare.

Izvi hazvirevi kuti mamiriro ezvinhu ezvemari haashandi, asi zvinopesvedzera mamiriro ezvinhu evavhoti uye kubvumira purezidhendi kunoitwa nehurumende — asi zvazvinoita pakuchinja zvigaro hazvinyatsozivikanwi pane zvinhu zvematongerwe enyika zvakadai sokutenderwa kwapurezidhendi uye nhamba yezvigaro zviri pangozi.

Mugariro Worudzi Wezvematongerwe Enyika

Zvezvamatongerwe enyika zvose, kubatanidza zvinoitika zvikuru, nharo dzemitemo, uye nhau dzetsika, zvinoumba migumisiro yapakati penhambo. Hondo, zvikanganiso, zvinetso zvemari, uye masangano enzanga zvose zvinogona kusimbisa kana kuti kuodza mwoyo zvikamu zvakasiyana - siyana zvevavhoti, zvichitapura zvose zviri zviviri kusarudza nokuvhota.

Basa Remaruwa NeUnited States Zvinokwikwidzana

Haasati ari maruwa ose emisangano nezvigaro zveDare zvine makwikwi zvakaenzana. Maruwa mazhinji anorangarirwa kuva "akachengeteka" nokuda kwomumwe mubato kana kuti mumwe nemhaka yokuumbwa kwawo kwavagari vemo, nhau yokuparadza, uye miganhu yoruwa. Sarudzo dzeMidterm dzinowanzosarudzwa nemiuyo muchiverengero chiduku zvikuru chemaruwa namaruwa zvemakwikwi.

Nhamba nenzvimbo zvezvigaro zvemakwikwi zvinogona kusiana kubva mukuvhota kusvikira kukusarudza kwakavakirwa pakuchinja, kunaka kwokuroora, kutsigira mari, uye mhoteredzo yezvamatongerwe enyika yorudzi. Mukusarudza kwamafungu, kunyange zvigaro zvakakotsekana zvamagamuchidzanwa zvinogona kuva makwikwi sezvo makwikwi ezvamatongerwe enyika anochinja nenzira yokuvimbika murutivi rumwe.

Kurwisa Kunoita Kuti Pave Nesimba Mumichina Yacho

Kuitwa Kworudzi Kwenhimbe Dzapakati

Sarudzo dzenguva dzapakati dzakava dzadzinowedzera, namadzinza eruwa omunzvimbomo anowanzoumbwa pamusoro penhau dzorudzi uye kuita kwapurezidhendi panzvimbo peitiro hanya dzomunzvimbomo bedzi. Uku kuisa nyika kunoreva kuti jambwa romunhu oga rakabatana zvikuru nembiri yerudzi yebato ravo nembiri yapurezidhendi.

Masangano ebato rorudzi, mapoka asiri okushandisa mari, uye nzira dzokuronga nadzo nhimbe dzakawedzera muitiro uyu, dzichichinja yaichimbova zvikurukuru nzanga kuva hondo pamusoro penhungamiro yenyika uye kushanda kwapurezidhendi.

Kukosha Kweunhu Hunokosha

Pasinei zvapo nokuitwa kworudzi, vara rokuda kubhabhatidzwa vachiri nhau dzinokosha. Vanoda kubhapatidzwa vakasimba vane kuronga mari, kutumira mashoko kunobudirira, uye batano huru dzenzanga dzinogona kukunda chimiro chavo chorudzi chebato, nepo vanoda kubhapatidzwa vasina simba vanogona kutadza kuita kunyange mumhoteredzo dzakanaka.

Kutsvaka basa kwazova chinhu chikuru kumativi ose ari maviri anopinda musarudzo pakati penhambo, sezvo kuwana vanoda kuenzana nokuda kwezvigaro zvamakwikwi kunogona kuita musiano pakati pokuwina nokurasikirwa nokudzora kweCongress.

Kutapura Kwemari Pazvisarudzo Zvapakati

Mapoka echechi akawedzera kudhura, uye mijaho yepadzimba ine makwikwi inowanzodya mamiriyoni emadhora uye Dare reMisha munyika huru dzimwe nguva anopfuura mamiriyoni US $100 [Z $250 000 000 000] pakushandisa mari yose.

Kunze kupedzwa nePCs huru, mapoka emari ine rima, uye masangano ebato akura zvinoshamisa mumiganhu yesarudzo yemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi, pane dzimwe nguva inowirirana kana kuti kupfuura izvo vada kutora vamene ndokushandisa. iyi mafashamo emari yokushambadza terevhizheni, nhimbe dzemichina, tsamba dzakananga, uye mabasa okubuda mumiuyo yemari anogona kupesvedzera zvikuru miuyo yesarudzo.

Zvinobudisa Nhau Nengwariro Yavose

Sarudzo dzemisi yepakati dzinogamuchira zvikurukuru kuziviswa kwezvinobudisa nhau nengwariro shoma kupfuura sarudzo dzapurezidhendi, kuchiparira kuderedza bhadharo uye kuvhota kusingazivisiwi. Zvisinei, kutora mikana mikuru pakati nepakati nokudzora Congress yakarembera mudzikamo kunogona kuita kuti vanobudisa nhau vafarire zvikuru uye vawadzani vevoruzhinji.

Kukura kwenhau dzemagariro evanhu uye dzemakombiyuta kwachinja kupararira kunoita mashoko pamusoro pesarudzo pakati penguva uye kuti nhimbe dzinokurukura sei nevavhoti.

Kunetsa kweHurumende Kusarudza

Nepo mapoka ehurumende achigamuchira ngwariro hurusa, miuyo yenzvimbo yehurumende pakati pesarudzo inogona kuva nemiuyo mikuru neinogara. Gavhuna vakasarudzwa mumakore apakati penhambo vachaumba muitiro wehurumende padzidzo, tarisiro youtano, ruramisiro youtsotsi, uye dzimwe nhau dzakawanda dzinotapura zvakananga upenyu hwezuva nezuva hwavagari vemo.

Sarudzo dzehurumende dzakaitwa pakati penhambo dzehurumende dzinosarudza kuti ipati ipi inodzora kuverengwazve kwemitengo pashure pekuverengwa kwavanhu kwegore negore, ichipesvedzera mepu dzemitemo dzehurumende yedare rehurumende mugumi ramakore rinotevera. Ikoku kunoita sarudzo pakati penhambo inoguma ne "0" zvikurukuru yakaguma nesimba rezvamatongerwe enyika renhambo refu.

Nguva Yemberi Yokusarudza Pakati Penhambo

Kuchinja Unyanzvi Hwekunyora Zvinhu

Chinjo dzechiverengero chavagari vemo dzinochinja(8) kubatanidza mhatsa inowedzera yedzinza nedzinza, kuchinja kwemitengo yezera, uye dzidzo yenzvimbo dzinogarwa nepakati penhambo nenhambo (8) zviri kutsiva miganhu. Uku kuwanda kwevagari vemo kunoparira zvose zviri zviviri mikana nedenho nokuda kwemativi makuru ose ari maviri sezvavanotsvaka kuvaka mibatanidzwa.

Chibvumirano chinokura chezvamatongerwe enyika chavavhoti vaduku, kana vakatsigirwa, chingagona kuchinja zvikuru masimba egamuchidzanwa pakati penhambo. Kuvhozhokera kwepwere dzapamusoro kwaigona kubetsera vadariki namapati ayo anofadza nenzira inobudirira kuzvinhu zvinokosha zvechiAmerica chiduku nezvinokosha.

Mitoo Yokutara Nayo Nokuwana

Kuwedzera kwokuvhota kwokutanga, kuvhota, uye dzimwe nzira dzokuvhota dzakachinja mashandisiro anoita vanhu vokuAmerica mukusarudza pakati penguva. Muna 2018, 40 muzana yevavhoti vakashandisa imwe nzira yokuvhota. Kuchinja uku kunogona kuwedzera kuwanikwa uye kuva nyore, asi kunokonzerawo zvinetso zvitsva zvokusarudza nokuchengeteka.

Kuramba vachiitisana nharo pamusoro pekodzero dzokuvhota, kuchengeteka kwevhoti, uye kupiwa mubatanidzwa wokuvhota kucharamba kuchichinja kuti kusarudza kunoitwa pakati penguva ipi uye kuti ndivanaani vanozviita.

Kuvheneka Nokukamukana

Kuwedzera kwezvikamu zvezvamatongerwe enyika nokusarudza mamiriro ezvamatongerwe enyika kunoitwa nevokushandira pamwe (8) uko vaAmerica vakabatana nenzira inowedzera munzanga navavakidzani vane pfungwa dzakafanana nehwudukupisa chiverengero chamaruwa emisangano emisangano echokwadi. Iyi kombamiro ingagona kuita kuti zvive zvakaoma zvikuru nokuda kwesarudzo dzamafungu kuparira zvigaro zvakatanhamara, sezvo zvigaro zvishomanene zviri mukutamba zvapachokwadi.

Zvisinei, kuparadza nyika kunowedzerawo njodzi dzesarudzo uye kunogona kuita kuti vaparidzi vaende kunzvimbo dzepamusoro vaone sarudzo sehondo dzinokosha pane kungoita zvokusarudzwa nevanhu.

Nzira Iyo Vagari Vayo Vanogona Kubatanidzwa Nayo Pakusarudza

Kunyoresa Nokudzidzisa

Nzira inokosha zvikuru yokuita sarudzo pakati penguva ndeyokunyoresa kuvhota ndokukanda pepa. Zvinodiwa pakunyoresa zvinosiyana nehurumende, nedzimwe nyika dzichipa kunyoresa kwezuva rimwe chete uye dzimwe dzinoda kunyoresa vhiki pamberi poMusi weSarudzo. Kunzwisisa zvinodiwa nemiraudzo yenyika yako zvinokosha kuti uvimbe kuti inzwi rako rinzwikwe.

Nyika dzakawanda zvino dzinopa zvisarudzo zvakawanda zvokuvhota, kubatanidza kukurumidza kuvhota, kuvhota tsamba, uye Kuvhota Zuva Rokusarudza. Kushandisa zvirongwa izvi kunogona kuita kuti kuvhota kuve kwakakodzera zvikuru uye kunobatsira kudzivisa mitsetse mirefu kana kuti kuronga kurwisana.

Kuramba Uchiziva

Zvisarudzo zvokuvhota zvanyatsozivikanwa zvinoda kunzwisisa vanoda kusarudzwa, zvavanoita panyaya dzebasa, uye zvavanokwanisa kuita kuti vakwanise kuva panzvimbo yavo.Manyuko emashoko akavimbika anosanganisira mawebsite anenge achida kuvhota, vatungamiriri vasiri vaparuwa, kutevedzerwa kwenhau kwemunharaunda yacho, uye kukwikwidza nhau kana kuti kuitisana nharo.

Kunokosha kutsvaka manyuko akawanda amashoko uye kutsoropodza kutaura kunoitwa mukushambadza kwezvamatongerwe enyika, uko kungava kunotsausa kana kuti kubviswa mumashoko akapoteredza. Masangano eidi anogona kubetsera vavhoti kuparadzana nenhema mukurukurirano dzenhimbe.

Kuzvipira uye Kuita

Kupfuura kuvhota, vagari vemo vanogona kutora rutivi mukusarudza pakati penhambo kupfurikidza nokuzvipira nokuda kwenhimbe, kupa kuvanoda kubhapatidzwa kana kuti zvisakiso zvavanotsigira, kupinda horo dzetaundi nezvinoitika zvemiitiro yedariro, uye kukurudzira shamwari nemhuri kuti vavhote.

Kunyange mipiro miduku yenguva kana kuti mari inogona kuita musiano mukusarudza kwapedyo, uko micheto yorukundo inowanzoyerwa mumazana kana kuti zviuru zvavavhoti.

Kunzwisisa Mashoko Akafara

Sarudzo dzenguva dzechikamu haiiti mukuparadzaniswa ne-(8) idivi rekuzvidavirira nokumirira kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu kunoramba kuripo. Migumisiro yesarudzo yepakati penhambo inodzorwa inodzora kwete bedzi purogiramu yemitemo yapakarepo asiwo inogadzawo danho resarudzo yapurezidhendi inotevera.

Mapurezidhendi anotambura kurasikirwa kunokosha pakati penhambo kazhinji kazhinji anogadziridza zvirongwa zvavo, zvimwe kuenda kunzvimbo huru yezvamatongerwe enyika kundoshanda nechishoro kana kuti kupeta kaviri pachivande chavo kuti vagadzirire kusarudzwazve. mativi makuru anowanwa pakati penhambo anogovera mapato nezvikuva kuti afambisire mberi zvinhu zvawo zvokutanga uye kuratidzira chiono chavo chinodzora kuvavhota.

Mafungiro Anowanzotaurwa Asi Akanaka Pamusoro Pezvisarudzo Zvenguva

Mikaha Inokosha Zvishoma Kupfuura Kusarudzwa Kwapurezidhendi

Nepo sarudzo yapurezidhendi ichigamuchira ngwariro yakawanda nerusarudzo rwakakwirira, sarudzo dzapakati penhambo dzinokosha zvakafanana mukusarudza miuyo yemiitiro nenhungamiro yenyika. Dare rinopa mitemo, kudzorwa kwemari inoshandiswa, mufambiro, uye kusimbisa kugadzwa kwapurezidhendi (yakawanda) mabasa anotapura zvakananga upenyu hwevaAmerica pasinei zvapo nokuti ndiani anotora White House.

Mutambo Womunhu Mumwe Nomumwe Hauna Basa

Sarudzo dzakawanda pakati penhambo dzinosarudzwa nemicheto mishomanene, namamwe marudzi achidzika kumazana kana kuti kunyange mizhinjisa yamavhoti. Muaya makwikwi apedyo, vhoti rimwe nerimwe uye majana maduku mujenga anogona kusarudza miuyo. Kuwedzera kwavanhu vazhinji vanosarudza vhoti yavo hakugoni chaizvoizvo kuchinja sarudzo.

Migumisiro Yapamberi Penguva Inofanosarudzwa

Nepo mienzaniso yenhau ichikarakadza boka rapurezidhendi rinorasikirwa nezvigaro, ukuru hwekurasikirwa ikoko hunosiyana zvikuru, uye udzori hweCongress kazhinji kazhinji hunogadzirirwa zvapachokwadi kubata. Nhimbe, kunaka kwokuda kutevedzana, nhamburiko dzokupaza, uye zvinoitika zvisingakarirwi zvinogona zvose kupesvedzera muuyo munzira dzinopesana nokudeya kutaurwa kwakapfava.

Zviwanikwa Zvokudzidza Zvakawanda

Nokuda kwaavo vanofarira kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pesarudzo dzapakati, zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvinowanika. Sarudzo peji .gov inogovera mashoko epamutemo pamusoro pevhoti nesarudzo. Pew Research Center [ inobudisa mashoko akakura nenzvero pamusoro petsika dzevhoti nemigumisiro. U.S.CUP.

Hurumende navakuru vakuru veSarudzo vomunzvimbomo vanopa mashoko akananga pamusoro pemisi yokunyoresa, nzvimbo dzokuvhota, uye matanho okuvhota munharaunda yenyu. Masangano eNonpartisan akafanana neChinzwano chaVakadzi Voter anopa nhungamiro dzavavhoti namashoko esarudzo kubetsera vagari vemo kuita zvisarudzo zvakaziviswa.

mhedziso

Sarudzo dzenguva dzechikamu chenguva dzapakati idivi rinokosha rehurumende yeAmerica inosarudzwa navanhu, ichigovera mikana yenguva dzose yokuti vagari vemo vachengete kuzvidavirira kwehurumende yavo, nhungamiro yetsika, uye kusarudza dzikamo yesimba muCongress.

Kunzwisisa chinoitika mukati mesarudzo dzenguva yepakati(kubva pamahofisi chaiwo akakwikwidzirwa kusvikira kumitoo yenhau yechinjo dzezvigaro) zvinobetsera vagari vemo vanonzwisisa ukoshi hwazvo noukoshi hwokutora rutivi. Mutoo unowirirana weboka rapurezidhendi rinorasikirwa nezvigaro unoratidzira kombamiro yavavhoti yokushandisa nguva dzapakati sezvikarakadzo pamusoro pebasa rapurezidhendi nechishuvo chavo chokunzvera simba rechiremera kupfurikidza nechishoro chedare.

Sarudzo dzemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi dzakaratidza zviratidzo zvinokurudzira zvokuvimbisana kwehurumende kwakawedzera, nemwero yakakwirira zvikuru yokutora rutivi pakati pamapoka akamboratidzirwa.Iyi kombamiro inokarakadza kukura kuzivikanwa kwoukoshi hwamasarudzo pakati penguva uye yaigona kudzokororwazve mitoo yegamuchidzanwa kana yakatsigirwa.

Sezvo hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica ichitarisana nezvinetso kubatanidza kusava noushamwari, mashoko asina kururama, uye nharo pamusoro pokusvika pakuvhota, kusarudza kunoramba kuri mikana inokosha yokuti vagari vemo vashandise inzwi ravo ndokuumba hurumende yavo.Kunyange nokuvhota, kuzvipira, kuramba vakaziviswa, kana kuti kukurudzira vamwe kuti vatore rutivi, mugari ari wose ane basa rokuita mukuvimbisa kuti kusarudza uku kuzadzika chinangwa chavo choutongi.

Kusarudza kuri pakati pesarudzo ndekwechokwadi uye kuripo. Vanosarudza kuti imitemo ipi inoramba ichifambira mberi, ndeipi inonyanya kukosheswa, uye kuti hurumende inobudirira sei kugadzirisa zvinetso zvakatarisana nerudzi. Nokunzwisisa kukosha kwayo uye kutora rutivi nokushingaira, vagari vemo vanogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti sarudzo dzepanguva yacho dzinopfuurira kushanda segadziriro dzinokosha dzokuzvidavirira nedzoubati ushe hwehurumende.