Nhambo inotevera sarudzo yorudzi ndiimwe yamatanho anokosha zvikurusa muhurumende yedemocracy. Hausati uchingova bedzi mutambo wokumirira kutozosvikira mutungamiriri anotevera atora basa; panzvimbo pezvo, muitiro wakarongeka zvikuru wakarongedzerwa kuvimbisa kuchinjwa kune rugare nenhevedzano kwesimba rokutungamirira. Iyi nhevedzano yamativi mazhinji enzvimbo inotevedzana(kupfuudza kunyorwa kwemiuyo yokusarudza, nhambo yetsika, uye kugadzwa kwechinjo kunokosha nokuda kwokunzwisisa kusimba nokuoma kwehurumende.

Kuvimbisa Migumisiro Yokusarudza

Chibvumikiso chemiuyo yesarudzo inhano yehwaro iyo inosimbisa muuyo wehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu uye inoparira muitiro wokuchinja. Ikoku hakusati kuri chinoitika chimwe; kunopetenuka mumwero inoverengeka yehurumende uye kunogona kupfuudza mavhiki anoverengeka kana kuti kunyange mwedzi. Muitiro wacho wakarongedzerwa kuva nechokwadi chokururama, kupedza gakava, uye kugovera nhamba yokupedzisira inosimbiswa pamberi pokuvamba kupi nokupi kwesimba.

Chibvumikiso cheBasa

Nokukurumidza pashure poMusi wokusarudza, hurumende imwe neimwe inovamba mutoo wayo wokunzvera nokunyora. Hurumende nedare resarudzo rinohwirudzura urefu hwevhoti kubva kumativi ose, bvunzurudzo, uye rondedzera vhoti mumadzinza akapoteredza kana zvichidikanwa nomutemo wehurumende. Hurumende imwe neimwe ine muganhu wenguva yapamutemo yaichagadzwa kuElctoral College. Chikamu chehurumende kana kuti mukuru mukuru mukuru wehurumende akagadzwa chinofanira kusimbisa miuyo yenyika yose. Chibvumirano ichi iziviso chapamutemo icho muvhoti yakakurumbira yehurumende uye, kupfurikidza nokuwedzera, icho chichava chisarudzo chedare chichaza Elctoral College. Chibvumirano chinobudisawo mukuru mukuru wehurumende [[FLD:]]

Electoral College

MuUnited States, purezidhendi haasarurwi zvakananga nevhoti yakakurumbira asi neElectoral College. Kana kuvhota kwapera, vavhoti vakagadzwa vanosangana mudzimbahwe ravo rehurumende paChipiri chokutanga pashure peChitatu chechipiri chechipiri muna December (zvinowanzova pakati peDecember). Vanokanda mavhoti avo nokuda kwapurezidhendi napurezidhendi wetevedzeri. Idzi sarudza dzinonyorwa pa [FLT: 0] vasaruki vevhoti , izvo zvinotumirwa kupurezidhendi weDare reSangano (Muteshinga), National Archives and Records Administration, mamiriro ehurumende, uye mutongi mukuru wedare reruwa muruwa irworwo. National Archiversss coms reregistration iri rinochengeta muitiro wemitemo yemitemo yemitemo.

Chibvumikiso cheCongress

Nhano yokupedzisira mumuitiro wekuvhota mabhii etsoropodzi inoitika musi wa6 January, apo chikamu chikabatana cheCongress chinoungana kuti chiverenge mavhoti okuvhota. Mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi, anoshanda sapurezidhendi weDare, anotungamirira parusando. Vhoti dzehurumende imwe neimwe dzinoraviwa zvinonzwika zvinoteverwa zvinonzwika uye zvinoda kuverengwa munhevedzano yemabhii. Kana pasina kunyorwa kwakarongwa. Kana pasina kutsaurwa kwemitemo uye zvose zviri zviviri imba zvinobvumira kuvara, mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi anozivisa mukukunda. Iyi inguva apo mugumisiro werusarudzo unosimbiswa nomutemo unosimbiswa nomutemo. Mabhiyosito angangosakisa kupfuutsa mavhoti uye anoda kuvhotera kwakaparadzana mukamuri imwe neimwe. Kana nhamba yacho yangopera, mugumisiro wacho unoguma, uye kuchinja kwacho kunofambira muda kutoodza kutodza.

Kuchinja Simba

Kuchinja kwesimba ibhuroji rezvokudzora nokudzorwa kubva kune rimwe rinotevera. Ibasa rakarongeka zvikuru rinobatanidza kudzora kunobva, timu iri kuuya, uye masangano ehurumende. Vavariro ndeyokuva nechokwadi chokuti purezidhendi mutsva anogona kuva noudzori hwakazara hwebazu guru paZuva reIugnation pasina miganhu muchengeteko yenyika kana kuti uchangamire.

Chiito Chokuchinja KwaPunta

Gadziriro yokuchinja kwamapurezidhendi kwazvino uno inotangwa ne Presidential Transition Act [PT], yakatanga kupfuudzwa muna 1963 uye yagadziridzwa kanoverengeka kubvira ipapo. Chibvumirano chinobvumira General Service Administration (GSA) kugovera zviwanikwa uye tsigiro kuvatendi vakuru vakuru nemutongi. Inogadzawo nhungamiro dzokuwana mashoko akarongeka, kuchengetedza kwechinguvana, uye kushandiswa kwenzvimbo yebasa rehurumende nemari inotsigirwa. PTA yakagadzirirwa kupfavisa kugadziridza kufambiswa kworudzo nesimba kwakarurama, kunyange mumakwikwikwidzano akasimba akasimba kana kuti mamiriro ezvinhu enhau asina muenzaniso.

Basa Reropa Nevimbiso

Chimwe chezvisarudzo zvikurusa zvinotevera munguva yechisarudzo chinoitwa noMutungamiriri weGeneral Service Administration. GSA ine mutoro wokubudisa sauchapupu [] ] tsamba inoziva nenzira yapamutemo muwirirano yechisarudzo. Kana iyi ziviso yasainwa, GSA inogona kusunungura mari inochinja, kupa purojeka yokupinda muhofisi yehurumende, masangano ekurukurirano, uye kuisa munhevedzano. Kunonoka mumuitiro wokuzivisa kunogona kudzongonyedza, sezvinooneka muchisarudzo chakati chakapfuura. GSA mudzori wezvamatongerwe enyika anofanira kunzvera zviri pamutemo nenguva, asi basa rapurezidhendi wacho harisitongorina basa rokutarisira.

Tupo Dzokuhwirudzura dzeAgency

Mukati menhambo yokuchinja, timu yapurezidhendi inopa miganhu yezvirongwa zvehwirudzuro yezvikwata zvokudzokorora (dzimwe nguva zvinonzi zvikwata zvokumhara) kudhipatimendi rimwe nerimwe rehurumende nesangano. Mapoka aya, anoumbwa nenyanzvi dzemiitiro, vaichimbova vakuru vakuru vakuru, uye vashandi vebasa, anoita mipfupindu mipfupiso mipfupikiswa pakushanda kunopfuurira, purogiramu yemari inorongwa, zvokuronga nhevedzano, zviito zvokudzora, uye tyisidziro dzenyika. Vanogamuchira mapepa akakura, vanopinda mapfupikicharo, uye bvunzurudzo avakuru vakuru vakuru vebasa. Vari vebasa vanofanira kubudisa mabasa anozozivisa mirayiridzo mitsva, purogiramu yemitemo, uye mitengo yemitemo. Izvi zvinokosha kuti vanzwisise mugariro wazvinotongwa nehurumende kana kuti vasapukubviswa mashoko.

Tsika Nezvinocherekedzwa Zvechengeteko

Vatarisiri vari vose vari kuuya vanofanira kushandisa zvinodikanwa zvetsika nemitoo yokuchenesa. Vamirine nokuda kwenzvimbo dzedare, vashandi veWhite House, uye vakuru vakuru vesangano vanofanira kupedza zvimiro zvemari, kupiwa nzvero dzeFBI, uye kuwana nhevedzano dzechinguvana kana kuti zvechigarire. Chikwata chokuchinja chinoshanda zvikuru neWhite House Counser’s Office uye Office of Government Ethics kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti wirirano nemitemo inowirirana nenzanga, kugadza ganhuriro, uye Ethics finicscs disssss anodikanwa pasi poMuteshivicer 13989 (kana kuti mutsivivi waro mukuru). Iyi purogiramu yokuhwirudzudzura nguva inosa inguva-yangopfuurira zvakanaka pashure pekudzo yeZuvaratiko, asi yakakomba kuchengeta chivimbo chavose nechengetedzo yorudzi.

Kushandisa Mari uye Zvinhu Zviwanikwa

Kuchinja kwesimba kunotsigirwa nemhizha dzinobatanidzwa dzezviwanikwa zvavose nezviri voga. Prezida Act yeTransition inobvumira GSA kugovera chitsama chakati chemari kuboka rokuchinja rapurezidhendi neromutongi (zvikurukuru mumamiriyoni emadhora). Mukuwedzera, vadzori namasangano ezvokuchinja vangasimudza mari kuti vapedze vashandi, kufamba, uye mari dzehofisi, dzinodzorwa nemitemo uye zvinodiwa. Kutungamirira kubuda kwomutemo kunogoverawo mitanhanhanharo, midziyo yokukurukurirana, uye nzvimbo yehofisi yechinguvana. Kubatana kwezviwanikwa izvi kunoitwa neDare rePurgnhood Coordinating, rakatangwa nedare revakuru, rinobatanidza vamiririridzi vanobva kuGSA, hofisi yeDzidzo, shopuko, Hurumende dzeNational Securement, uye mamwe masangano eHofisi dzeH

Kutsaurirwa

Kutsaurirwa imhedziso yetsika yokutamisirwa kwesimba. Zvose zviri zviviri chinodikanwa chebumbiro remitemo nokuchengetwa kwavose kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Kunoitwa pana January 20 (kana musi iwoyo usingaitwi paSvondo, umo chinoitika chavanhu chapachivande chingaitwa pakuvamba), kutsaurirwa kunobatanidza kupika kwapurezidhendi nomutevedzeri wapurezidhendi, hurukuro yokutanga, uye nhevedzano yamagamuchidzanwa anovambira kukuvambwa kworudzi rwacho.

Munda Wehofisi

Pamasikati chaiwo pana January 20, mutongi anoshandisa mhiko yebasa seyakanyorwa neChikamu II cheBumbiro reMitemo: “Ndinopika zvakakomba (kana kuti ndinosimbisa) kuti ndichashandisa nokutendeka Hofisi yaPurezidhendi weUnited States, uye ndichashandisa zvakanakisisa zvakanakisisa zvamano angu, kuchengetedza, kudzivirira nokudzivirira Bumbiro reMitemo reUnited States.” Chiratidzo chikuru cheUnited States chinoshandisa mhiko yacho nenzira inozivikanwa namashoko, kunyange zvazvo chaitwa navamwe vatongi muzvinoitika zvisingawanzowaniki. Muteveri wapurezidhendi anopikawo pamutemo, izvo zvinobatanidza kupika kutsigira nokudzivirira nokudzivirira Bumbiro remitemo. Kunyorwa kwakarurama uye nguva yacho kunotsoropodza: Kutamisirwa kwesimba hakukwa zvakakwana kutozosvikira kupika kwacho kwaitwa.

Tsika Nemiitiro

Kutsaurirwa kunodzorwa mugamuchidzanwa, kwakawanda kwakwakarongwa ne Dare reMasangano reMapoka makuru paInaugtural Ceremonies . Zviitiko zvezuva racho zvinowanzobatanidza purezidhendi anoenda kuCapitol, mutambo wokupika paWest Fromment yeCapitol, kero yedare rePastiansyl, hurukuro yakarongwa, kufora muPennsylval Avenue, uye mabhora akawanda mumadekwana. Purezidhendi anoenda kunzvimbo yapamberi vanopinda mumhiko, kuratidzira kuchinja kworugare. Chidyo chezvokudya chemasikati chinodzokororwa naJCICC nokuda kwapurezidhendi mutsva, muteshi wehurumende, uye mutungamiriri wedare wehurumende chikwata chirefu. Purezidhenti vazhinji vanoshandisa hurukuro yavo yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende, migando yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende.

Chengeteko Nekufungidzira

Kuisa ururamisiro Zuva rimwe ramabasa makurusa echengeteko muUnited States. Ibasa rapachivande reU.S. rinotungamirira kurongwa mutsinhirano neCapitol Police, Park Police, National Guard, FBI, uye akawanda edzimwe hurumende, hurumende, uye masangano omunzvimbomo. Chiitiko chacho chinosarudzwa Chinoitika cheNational Special Security Pract (NSE), icho chinobudisa zvimwe zviwanikwa zvehurumende nemwero huru dzechengeteko. Koreji, migwagwa inovharwa, nzvimbo dzokunzvera, uye gadziriro dzokuongorora dzinodzorwa. Kutsaumbika kunodawo nhamburiko huru dzekudzora boka, mabasa okurapa, zvokufambisa, uye kurukurirano. Kuitwa kworugare kweaya mabasa iwiriranotezo yebatira pamwe chete neyamubatanidzwa wezvokuchengetedza.

Chiratidzo Chokutumwa Kworugare

Kutsaurirwa kunopfuura mutambo; chiratidzo chine simba chokupfuurira kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Kuchinja kubva kuhurumende yehurumende yegutsaruzhinji kuenda kune imwe, zvikurukuru kubva kuna purezidhendi webato rimwe kuenda kuna purezidhendi werimwe jekita(jemusi) kuti simba rinobva mukubvumira kwoutongi, kwete nesimba. Uku kuchinjwa kworugare kwesimba chiratidzo cheAmerica yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu uye kazhinji kazhinji kunodudzwa sechimwe chezviitwa zvayo zvikuru. Kutsaurirwa pachena, nemiitiro yayo, zvipikirwa, uye mhemberero, zvinosimbisa kuva nekodzero yegadziriro inosarudzwa nemitemo yemitemo. Inguva apo nyika, pasinei zvapo nezvikamu zvematongerwe enyika, zvinouya pamwe chete nokupupurira kuvandudza hurumende yayo.

Nhoroondo uye Kukosha Kwemashoko Acho

Gadziriro yokuchinja pashure pekusarudza yakachinja zvikuru kupfuura nhau yenyika. Kuchinja kwokutanga kwakanga kuri kupfupi uye kusina kurongwa, negadziriro duku yokufambidzana pakati pevatungamiriri vevanhu uye vari kuuya. Gadziriro yemazuva ano yakatanga pashure pemakwikwi ekusarudza kwe1800, zvakatungamirira kuTwelfth Amendment, uye zvinotonyanya kurongwa pashure pokunge Purezidhendi William McKinley aurayiwa muna 1901, izvo zvakasimbisa kudiwa kwokupfuurira munguva dzenjodzi. Kuchinja kukuru kwakaitika pashure pekuvhotanura kwa1960, kwakafumura miganhu yechengeteko yorudzi, uye pashure pekusarudzwa kwa2000, zvakasimbisa zvinetso zvekunonoka kubuda mugwa.

Misi ichangobva kupfuura iyi, Presidential TransTransgation Reformation Act ya 2015 uye kugadziridzwa kwakatevera kwakasimbisa muitiro wacho nokukurudzira kurongwa kwapamberi pezvi, kunoda kuti zvikwata zvokuchinja zvisarudze, uye kugovera kusvika kuri nani kuuchenjeri nemashoko ehurumende. Office yokuzvidavirira yehurumende [ yakawana miitiro yakanakisisa inobatanidza kurukurirano yakajeka pakati pemapoka anoenda nokuuya, batira pamwero yakazara kubva kuvashandi, uye kuronga kwakakwana. Kurongeka kwehurumende kunovimbisa kuti kunyange mukati mekuchinja kwacho, nyika inoramba yakadzivirirwa patyisidzirwa, njodzi dzemari, uye njodzi dzomusikirwo. Kuko kweidziridziri kugona kutungamirira kuoma kwechinjo kuti igove, kudzongodzoresa kurongwa kwehurumende, kudzorwa kugadzikwa kwenyika.

mhedziso

Nhambo pashure pekusarudza iganhuro rakaoma asi rinokosha mumuitiro wehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Kubva pakubvumikiswa kwokungwarira kwevhoti kupfurikidza nehurumende, Electoral College, uye gadziriro dzehurumende, kusvikira kukuronga kukuru kunobatanidza zviuru zvavakuru vakuru, uye pakupedzisira kubvumikiswa kwetsika yokufananidzira nebumbiro remitemo kwokutsaurirwa, nhano imwe neimwe inosimbisa kutonga kwomutemo nokutamisirwa kune rugare kwesimba. Nepo vanhu kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji vanonangidzira pamugumisiro wacho pachawo umene, urefume hwemiitiro yokusarudza ndiyo inovimbisa kuti mukundi anogona kudzora nenzira inobudirira kubvira pazuva rimwe. Kunzwisisa muitiro uyu, zvinetso zvapamutemo, uye mhindu yawo yenhau inoparira kuonga kukuru nokuda kwokudzora kwehurumende. Sangano yacho haisati yakakwana, asi inona kupfuurira kutsigira simba kupfurikidza nesimba, asi simba risingadzorerwi kupfurikidza nokudzorwa.