Table of Contents

Kunzwisisa Kunyora: Kuisa Simba Pamberi Nesimba Rako Munyika Yose

Chirevo chautongi chinomirira chimwe chezvimiro zvinogara zvikurusa uye zvinoparirwa zvehurumende munhau yavanhu. Panzvimbo pazvo, udzori igadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika umo simba rinoiswa mumaoko omutungamiriri mumwe kana kuti boka duku, risingaverengeki, kazhinji kazhinji rinochengetwa kupfurikidza nokumanikidzirwa, kuganhurirwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika, uye kudzvinyirirwa kwakarongwa kwechinjo. Kusafanana nehurumende dzinodzorwa, uko simba rinoparadzirwa uye rinopiwa ganhuriro, hurumende dzinodzora nhevedzano, dzikamo, uye kuchengetwa kwefariro dzavanhu vakatanhamara vanotonga pamusoro perusununguko rwavanhu uye kutora rutivi rwakakurumbira. Kunzwisisa mitoo yenhau, miganhuro yehurumende inodzorwa.

Nepo gadziriro dzeudzori dzinogona kuva nezvimiro zvakawanda — kubva kumitemo yehondo kuenda kuhurumende imwe inodzvinyirira yehurumende dzinotonga dzoga nejere rokutonga kwadzo, dzinogoverana mufungo wakafanana: kuiswa kwechiremera nokusaiswa kwechishoro. Nyaya inopa kunzvera kwakakwana kwechiremera, kunzvera mavara acho anorondedzera, mitoo yenhau yokudzora, miuyo yechikafu, uye masimba anosimba anodzivisa. Kupfurikidza nefundo dzinobva munyika yose, tinovavarira kupa murangariro wakajeka pamusoro pechikonzero nei udzori huchipfuurira uye nzira yahunochinjira nayo migariro inochinja, kubatanidza fambiro mberi dzesayenzi yezvokugadzirwa kwezvinhu nesayenzi.

Kurondedzera Chiremera Chokuva Authoritarian: Mativi Nemhatsa

Masayendisiti ezvamatongerwe enyika akarangarira kwenguva refu rondedzero chaiyoiyo yechiremera chinodzvinyirira, asi vazhinjisa vanobvumirana pamutsara wamativi makuru anochisiyanisa nezvimwe zvimiro zvokutonga. Kusafanana nehurumende dzoudzvinyiriri, idzo dzinotsvaka kudzora rutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu hwavanhu nehwavoga, gadziriro dzinodzvinyirira kazhinji kazhinji dzinobvumira mwero wakati worusununguko rwenzanga nedzemari chero bedzi dzisingatyisidziri simba reboka rinotonga. Zvisinei, miganhu iri pakati poutongi hunotonga hwamasimba ose nohudzvinyiriri inogona kushatisatevedza, zvikurukuru muhurumende namasangano makurusa kana kuti masangano outongi.

Zviratidzo Zvinokosha Zvevanyori

Hurumende dzinotonga dzinoratidza unhu hunoverengeka hunoramba huchiitika hunovasiyanisa negadziriro yehurumende dzinosarudzwa nevanhu:

  • Kuiswa kweSimba: chiremera chokuita zvisarudzo chinoiswa pakati pomutungamiriri mumwe, mubato rinotonga, kana kuti junta duku. Mitemo yeBumbiro remitemo, kana iripo, zvikurukuru ndeyetsika uye inogona kupfuudzirwa pachido.
  • Chitendero chezvamatongerwe enyika chakavhengana:[[FLT: 1] Masangano echitsoropodzo, masangano enzanga avanhu akazvimirira, uye mibatanidzwa yezvokutengeserana yakasununguka zvingarambidzwa, zvinodzorwa zvakasimba, kana kuti kunzi zvisashandi kupfurikidza nokubatanidzwa kana kuti kunetsa.
  • Dzvinyiriro yeKusatendera: Vatsoropodzi vehurumende vanotarisana nechitambudzo chapamutemo, kunzverwa, kuongororwa, kuiswa mutorongo, utapwa, kana kuti zvakaipisisa. Hurumende inoshandisa chishandiso chayo chokudzivirira kubvisa kana kuti kuparadza chimiro chipi nechipi chechishoro chakarongwa.
  • Control Tooper Information: Zviteshi zvenhau ndezvehurumende kana kuti zvinopesvedzerwa zvikuru nehurumende, uye mapepanhau anozvimirira anodzorwa. Propaganda neradiation zvinoshandiswa kuumba murangariro wavanhu uye kubvisa vavengi.
  • Kusarudzwa kana kuti Sham Euctions: Apo sarudzo dzinoitwa, dzakarongedzerwa kururamisa boka rinotonga panzvimbo pokupa chisarudzo chapachokwadi. Ballot comping, tyisidziro yavhotera, kushatisa vatsoropodzi, uye masangano anosarudza akashata anozivikanwa navose.
  • Kupa noMurayiro: Vatungamiriri vanowanzorega mitemo yemitemo nematare, kubudisa mirayiro kana kuti masimba ekurumidziro okuita miitiro pasina kubvunza kana kuti utariri.

Kusiyana - siyana KwechiOristrianism

Hadzisi hurumende dzose dzine simba rinodzvinyirira dzinoita zvakafanana.

  • Simba remunhu oga: rinoitwa nomunhu mumwe anodzora gadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika kupfurikidza nechadism, mutsigiri, uye rutyo. Mienzaniso inobatanidza North Korea pasi peKim Jong Un, Iraq pasi peSaddam Hussein, uye Syria pasi pemhuri yeAsad.
  • .Iboka ravakuru vakuru vehondo rinobata simba, kazhinji kazhinji kupfurikidza nokubvuta hurumende, uye rinodzora zvakananga kana kuti kupfurikidza namagwaro okuvhota usiteri. Mienzaniso yenhau inobatanidza Argentina pasi peJorge Rafael Videl junta (197619983) uye Myanmar pashure pokubvuta urongwa hwa 2021.
  • Partys imwe: Iboka rimwe rezvamatongerwe enyika rinodzora simba, richidzvinyirira vakwikwidzani vose navanozviisa vamene zvikuru muhurumende nenzanga. China muChinese Communist Party, Vietnam, Laos, uye Cuba mienzaniso yakatanhamara yazvino uno.
  • .Mantarical Authoritarial: Vatongi vakazara kana kuti vatongi vanoisa simba mumaoko avo vamene, kazhinji kazhinji netsigiro yavakuru vakuru vorudzidziso kana kuti vegamuchidzanwa. Saudi Arabia neUnited Arabhu Emirates dzinoratidzira urwu rudzi.
  • Hurumende yeUnisteritarianism: Mitambo inochengeta nhambo yemakwikwi edemokrasi apo inokweva nenzira yakarongwa nzvimbo yokutambira nokuda kwavatambi. Russia pasi paVladimir Putin, Hungary pasi paViktor Orbán, uye Turkey pasi paRecep Tayyip Erdogayan yakarangarirwa segadziriro dzechisimba chinokwikwidza.

Nhoroondo: Kumuka uye Kushanduka - shanduka KwechiOrlisteritarianism

Zvisinei, pfungwa yazvino uno yokutonga hurumende yakabatana zvikuru nokumuka kwehurumende, zvematongerwe enyika, uye kurwisana kwepfungwa kwezana remakore rechi20.

Kutanga kweChikoro Cha 20 Chouauthoritarianism: Fascist nechiStalin

Nhambo yeinternawer (1918-1993) yakapupurira kubuda kwedzimwe dzehurumende dzeNazi dzinotonga noutsinye zvikurusa munhau. Kuwa kwoumambo, kusagadzikana kwezvemari, uye kutya chikomunisiti zvakanyandura kumuka kwamasangano efascist muEurope. Benito Mussolini’s Italy (1922-1943) uye Adolf Hitler weNazi Germany (1933-1945) yakabatanidzwa urudzi hwakanyanyisa, chitima, uye kudzorwa kwechishoro chose nechisimba neparadziro zvehurumende. Idzidzi dzakaparadza masangano ehurumende yehurumende yegutsaruzhinji, dzakatambudza vanhu vashomanene, uye pakupedzisira dzakanyudza nyika muHondo Yenyika II.

Panguva imwe cheteyo, Soviet Union mukutonga kwaJoseph Stalin (192419953) yakakudziridza chimiro choudzvinyiriri hwehurumende inodzvinyirira hwakatsvaka kudzora rutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu kupfurikidza nebato rimwe, mirairo yemari, uye chishandiso chamapurisa chapachivande chakapararira. Mutevedzeri weSoviet wakanyandura hurumende dzakafanana muEastern Europe, China, North Korea, uye kumwewo pashure peHondo Yenyika II. Stalin akatonga akaratidzirwa nokubvisa kukuru, kuunganidza, nzara, uye gadziriro yeGulag, zvichiguma namamirioni enzuru.

Kutsigira Kutonga Kwava Pashure Pehurumende Yake Munyika Iri Kubudirira

Devoltion pashure pa 1945 yakatanga nyika itsva dzakawanda, zhinji dzadzo dzakaparapatika kuvaka masangano edemocracy akatsiga pakati pemapoka edzinza, kusabudirira kwezvemari, uye dzvinyiriro dzeHondo dzamashoko. MuAfrica, Asia, uye Middle East, vatungamiriri vakasimba vaiwanzobvuta simba, vachivimbisa nhevedzano nokubudirira asi vachipa kudzvinyirirwa nouori. Mienzaniso inobatanidza Mobutu Seseko muZaire (zvino Democratic Republic of Congo), Suharto muIndonesia, uye Gamal Abdedel Naser muEgipita. Idziridzodzo idzi dzaiwanzovimba nemibatanidzwa yezvokutsigira, mauto, mauto, uye kudzvinyirira nzanga yevagari vemo.

Hondo Yemashoko uye Kupararira Kwenyika Yose KwouAthoritari

Makwikwi eHondo Yamashoko pakati peUnited States neSoviet Union akapfuuridzira utongi hwehurumende yehurumende inodzvinyirira munyika dzakawanda. Masimba makuru ose ari maviri akatsigira vatongi vaitsigira zvamatongerwe enyika, pasinei zvapo nezvinyorwa zvavo zvekodzero dzavanhu. MuLatin America, U.S.-yakadzorwa nehondo muArgentina, Chile, Brazil, uye Central America yakarwisana nehondo dzakashata mukurwisana nemasangano echisiya. Munguva ino, Soviet Union yakatsigira hurumende imwe yechikamu chenyika muEastern Europe, Cuba, Angola, uye Ethiopia. Mugumo weHondo yeRuturainty muna 1991 yakatungamirira kukudzorwa kwehurumende yehurumende yeChile, asi chiThoshoria yakaratidza kuva yakasimba, ichichinjika kumigariro mitsva.

Nzira Dzokudzora: Kuchengeta Kunoita Vanyori Vane Simba

Kunyange zvazvo kumanikidza uye kutya zviri chinhu chikuru, hurumende dzemazuva ano dzinoshandisawo nzira dzisinganzwisisiki dzokudzora nadzo zvinoita kuti kupandukira pachena kuve kwakaoma uye kunodhura.

Coercion Nehurumende Yechengeteko

Nzira yakananga zvikurusa yokudzora kushandiswa kwesimba. Hurumende dzechisariranwa dzinochengeta maturusi ane simba echengeteko(((kubatanidza mauto, mapurisa, masangano okufunga, uye mapoka emauto)(*kutarisira, kutyisidzira, uye kubvisa vashori. Mauto echivande, akadai seStasi muEast Germany kana kuti Ministry of State Security muChina, anoitisa ngwariro yakapararira, anopinza mapoka anopandukira, uye anosunga kana kuti vatsoropodzi vemabhii.

Mashoko Anoparadzirwa uye Kudzora Mashoko

Kudzora nhau yacho kunokosha nokuda kwokupukunyuka kwechisimba. Varegime vanoisa mari yakawanda mumishumo yehurumende kana kuti yehurumende inopesvedzera iyo inoparadzira shoko rehurumende ndokudenha vavengi vayo. Indaneti inodzorwa kupfurikidza nokunzvera, raisemi, rezinesi, kunetsa kwapamutemo, uye masimba panhau. Munhambo yemitengo, hurumende dzinoshandisa masangano akakurumbira okubvisa mashoko, kunyengera kwenzanga, uye kupararira kwerondedzero dzechirongwa chokuvhiringidza vanhu nokushora. Mufungo we [[FLT: 0] wechimbichisvo yapamutemo, kunetsa vatori venhau. yakabuda kuti irondedzere hurumende dzakafanana neRussia neChina dzinobatanidza kunzvera, uye kuparadzira mashoko kuti ichengete.

Kubatanidza uye Patronage

Hakusi kudzora kwose kunowirirana. MuRussia, vatongi vanobvira vanodenha kazhinji kazhinji kupfurikidza nokuparadzira betsero dzezvinhu zvokunyama, nzvimbo dzakatanhamara, kana kuti kusvika kumisika isiri yapamutemo. Mibatanidzwa yePatronage inobatanidza vakuru vakuru nezvinopinzwa zvikuru kuhurumende, kugadzira danda rimwe mukupukunyuka kwayo. Somuenzaniso, Purezidhendi Purezidhendi Putin akavaka gadziriro yebhizimisi rezvisakiso zvebhizimisi umo kuvimbika kwemari inodzora zvinhu zvikuru zvehurumende mukutsinhanhanhanwa nokuda kwetsigiro yezvamatongerwe enyika. MuChina, chiKomonisiti yeKomonisiti inotsigira vanhu vane unyanzvi kupfurikidza negadziriro inopa mubayiro wokurarama nayo inotusa kuvimbika uye unyanzvi hwezvo.

Kuronga Kwepamutemo Nekuronga

Hurumende dzakawanda dzehurumende dzinodzorwa nehurumende dzinochengeta zvimiro zvokunze zvokudzora kwedemokrasi. "Mitemo yeSangano rePuromende, maparamende, matare, uye sarudzo(*) nepo ichivashatisa nenzira ine nhevedzano. Mitemo yakanyorwa nenzira isina kujeka kana kuti inomanikidzirwa nenzira yakasarudzwa kuisa kusabvumirana. judiary yakazadzwa namasangano akavimbika ayo anoisa zviito zvehurumende. Kugadziriswa kweMitemo yemitemo kunopfuudzwa kutambanurira kuganhurira muganhu kana kuti kuwedzera masimba ehurumende. Iyi nzira, inowanzonzi , inobvumira hurumende dzapamutemo kuti dzitaure zvapamutemo apo dzinopfuudza masangano echiito. Hungary pasi poMutemo nePelvicence (Pisi) yashandisa nzira idzi kudzora hurumende yehurumende.

Kuparadzanisa Nokutonga

Vatongi vane chiremera vanowanzoshandisa macleavages enzanga ($athleaves), erudzidziso, nharaunda, kana kuti mutauro(*) kudzivisa kubuda kwechishoro chakabatana. Kupfurikidza nokuda rimwe boka kupfuura vamwe, vanoumba mavambo akavimbika apo vanokwikwidza vamwe. MuSiria, hurumende yeAssad yakatsamira pavaAssadoute vashomanene kuti vatonge vaSun voruzhinji, nepo muBahrain, madzimambo eSun anodzvinyirira ruzhinji.

Migumisiro YouAthoristism: Sosaiti, Zvoupfumi, uye Kodzero Dzavanhu

Simba rokutonga kwechisimba rinopfuura zvikuru mamiriro ezvematongerwe enyika, richiumba rutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu munzanga dzakatapurwa.

Kushandisa Zvisina Kufanira Kodzero Zvevanhu

Hurumende dzinotonga ndidzo dzinotungamirira kuputsa kodzero dzevanhu munyika yose. Rusununguko rwokutaura, kuungana, uye songaniro runogara ruchidzorwa. Vasungwa vezvamatongerwe enyika vanotongwa pasina ruramisiro; kutambudzwa nokurapwa kwakaipa zviri kuitika munyika dzakawanda. Mapoka maduku, vatori venhau, vadziviriri vekodzero dzevanhu, uye LGBTQ+ vanhu vane ngozi zvikuru. Mukuwirirana nemishumo inobva kumasangano akadai se Amnesty International [ uye , kodzero dzeHuman Rights Watch , kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwakakomba kwavanhu kunoitika munyika dzakafanana neChina (zvikurukuru muXinang), North Korea, Eritrea, Erika, naS.

Kusagadzikana Kwemari Nokusaenzana

Ukama pakati poubati ushe hwehurumende negadziriro yemari hwakaoma. Dzimwe hurumende, dzakadai seChina neSingapore, dzakawana kukura kunokurumidza kupfurikidza nokubatanidza nhungamiro yehurumende nemitengo. Zvisinei, kazhinji kazhinji, kutonga kwechisimba kunotungamirira kumugariro wemari, uori, uye kusaenzana. Pasina kuoneka, kuzvidavirira, kana kuti mutemo, pfuma inotsaurirwa kuvakuru vakuru vanodzora uye zvikwata zvavo. Kodzero dzenzvimbo hadzina kuchengeteka, uye mari inotengwa. Kuwa kweVenezuela pasi poubati wechavista kunoratidza kuti kudzosa mari inodzorwa nechavista kunogona sei kuparadza imwe inodzo, kutungamirira kukukwira kwemitengo, kupfumba, kuperevedza, uye kupfumba kukuru.

Kuchinjwa Kwezvigaro Nenzanga Yavagari Vemo

Masangano akasununguka anobudirira pakurukurirano yapachena, kuedza, uye makwikwi epfungwa. Chiwandiridzo chinodzvinyirira izvi zvinhu, kuchiparira mhoteredzo yewirirano nerutyo. Kusawirirana kunobviswa kuvafungi vanotsoropodza, nzvero yesayenzi inonangidzirwa kuzvinhu zvokutanga zvehurumende, uye kutaura kwounyanzvi kunoongororwa. Masangano enzanga dzevagari vemo (*anoda kuvandudzwa nokupiwa kwenzanga) anoganhurirwa zvikuru kana kuti anobatanidzwa. Muuyo wacho inzanga isingachinjiki, haichinjiki, uye inokwanisa zvikuru kuchinjika.

Kusagadzikana uye Kusagadzikana Kwenzanga

Kudzvinyirirwa kunowanzoparira pfundepfunde, uye hurumende dzinodzvinyirira dzinotarisana namafungu enhambo nenhambo okuramba nenyongano. Arabia Spring (2010-2012) yakaratidza kuti kunyange udzvinyiriri hunoratidzika kuva hwakatsiga hunogona kuzununguswa nokuunganidzwa kwavazhinji. Zvisinei, hurumende dzinodzora dzakabvumikisa kuva nyanzviwo mukupukunyuka kutsutsutsumwa kupfurikidza nemubatanidzwa wesimba, kubvumira, uye kukamukana uye kudzora. MuChina, hurumende yakadzvinyirira nenzira youtsinye kutsutsutsumwa kweTianamen Square muna 1989 uye kubvira panguva iyoyo yakava nehurumende yokungwarira zvikuru kudzivisa kudzokerazve kunzvimbo ipi neipi. MuRussia, kuvhozhotera 20222 kwaUkraine kwakanyandura kuratidzira kuratidzira, asi kwakaparadzwa nokukurumidza kupfurikidza nokusungwa nokunzvera.

Kuongorora Nyaya: Kunyora Bhaibheri Mumuitiro

Kunzvera hurumende chaidzo kunozivisa mazano nemigumisiro zvakasiyana - siyana zvokutonga kwechisimba.

China: Chikamu uye Chirongwa Chevanhu

Chikwata chechiKomonisiti cheChina (CCP) pasi pechiXi Jining chakabatanidza simba kusvikira kutambanuko isina kuonwa chifo chaMao Zedong. Mapazu ose ehurumende, ehondo, upfumi, uye nzanga yavagari vemo zviri pasi pedzori rebato. Hurumende inoshandisa chikwata chikuru chokunzvera, kubatanidza kuzivikanwa kwezviso zvenzanga, kubatanidza kudzorwa kwemibatanidzwa yemagariro echiso, uye kutarisirwa chapanguva chaiyo kwekurukurirano, kutevera nokudzora vagari vemo. MuXinjiang, hurumende yakasunga chinopfuura miriyoni yeUyghurs uye vamwe vaMuslim vaMumirislish mumisasa inodzorwa, kuva vanoshandisa basa rokumanikidzira, kuroverera, uye kubereka kubereka tsvina uko gadziriro yehurumende dzakarondedzera kuparadzwa kwekodzero dzavanhu nehurumende. Chine cheChina yakaita kuti ishande imwe nzira yokutonga kwehurumende yenzanga ishawo yehurumende.

Russia: Kushandira Pamwe Kwoutongi uye Kutonga Kwemunhu Oga

Vladimir Putin’s Russia inoenzanisira udzvinyiriri hwechisimba. Nepo masangano ehurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu aripo, nzvimbo yokutamba inoshorwa zvikuru. Nhamba huru dzetsoropodzo dzakapondwa, kuiswa mutorongo, kana kuti kumanikidzwa kupinda muutapwa; zvinobudisa nhau zvakazvimirira zvakavharwa kana kuti zvakadzingwa; uye sarudzo inoshatiswa nokunyengera nokudzvinyirira. Kudzorwa kwehurumende kunotsamira paurudzi, chiKristu cheOrthodox, uye kurwisana neWestern kuti zvichengetedze kuva pamutemo. Kuvhozhozhokerwa kweUkraine muna 20222 kwakatungamirira kukuwedzera kupesana, nemitemo yokunzvera kushambadza nokusarurwa kwoutsotsi kwedare nokudzorwa kupi nokushata kushata kwoutsotsi kwe "hondo chaiyo." Kudzora kwehurumende kunosimbiswa nokudzora kwayo pamusoro pesimba rinobudiswa kunze kwesimba uye kuvimbika kwebasa ramasangano.

Venezuela: Kubva Kuhurumende Inosarudzwa Navanhu Kuenda Kukuputirwa Neauthoritari

Chirango cheVenezuela chinopa nyevero yekudzokera shure kwedemokrase. Hugo Chávez (1999-2013) akashandisa kukumbira kwake kwakakurumbira nokudzora masangano ehurumende kuisa ngwariro kusimba, kubvisa nzvero nedzikamo, uye kudzvinyirira chishoro. Mutsivi wake Nicolás Madoro, akapfuuridzira muitiro uyu pakati penjodzi yengwavaira yemari. Hurumende yavenze vatungamiriri vetsoro, vanoshandisa kusarudzo, uye vakavimba namasimba ehondo neauto kuti vagare musimba. Muuyo wacho ingwavaira yomutsa, namamirioni anotiza nyika, hydrafition, uye urombo hukurusa. Venezuela inoratidzira sei kuparadzwa kwebudiriro yenyika nokutera.

Turkey: Kuwedzera Kwehurumende Inosarudzwa Nevanhu Pasi PeErdoshayaan

Recep Tayyip Erdoãan, akasarudzwa pakutanga somuchinjiki, akashandura Turkey zvishoma nezvishoma kuva hurumende ine makwikwi. Pashure pokupukunyuka kuedza kubvumura hurumende muna 2016, akabvisa chishandiso chehurumende, akasunga zviuru zvavatongi, vatori venhau, uye vakadzidza, uye simba guru muhurumende. judicary, zvinobudisa nhau, uye nzanga zvino zvinodzorwa zvikuru nehurumende. Erdogayaan anoshandisa mutsigiri wenyika nekutaura kworudzidziso kuunganidza chigaro chake, nepo achiisa pasi paKurdish vatsigirish, vasi, vapfumi venyika. Turkey inoramba iri mutezo unotsoropodza NATAO, asi kuderera kwayo kwoutongi hunotonga hwehurumende.

Kudzivisa Nokuzvidzora: Nzira Iyo Chiremera Chinowana Nayo Chinetso

Kudzivisa kunoitika nenzira dzakawanda, kubva pakushora kwakarongwa kwezvematongerwe enyika kusvika kuzviito zvezuva nezuva zvokuzvidza.

Kupindira Muchikwata Chevanhu uye Kugarisana Kwehurumende

Masangano omunzvimbomo, mapoka ekodzero dzavanhu, uye vatungamiriri venzanga vanowanzoumba mavambo okudzivisa. MuRussia, mapoka akafanana neChirangaridzo (chakapupurirwa neSoviet-restration Foundation (yakavambwa naAlexiei Navalny) akadenha hurumende pasinei zvapo nechitambudzo chakakomba. MuBelarus, mapoka avakadzi namasangano avashandi vakaita basa guru mukuramba Alexander Kakashenko. Masangano aya anotsamira paushingi, kutanga zvinhu, uye kubatana kwenyika dzose kuti ararame.

Kuramba Kushandisa Michina uye Kurwa Kwemashoko

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu ibakatwa rinokomberedzwa nekaviri mumashoko eudzvinyiriri. Nepo hurumende dzichishandisa maturusi emichina nokuda kwokunzvera namashoko, vashingairi vanoabatanidzawo nokuda kwokuronga nokugoverana mashoko. Misi yemashoko inonyorwa yakanyorwa seTelegram yakashandiswa kutsinhiranisa kunyunyuta muBelarus, Hong Kong, uye Iran. Vagari vanoshandisa masubs kuti vasavhura mashoko azvimirira paInternet. Zvisinei, hurumende dzinodaidzira masimba avo ekombiyuta, uye nhandare yehondo iri kuwedzera kuva yakakwirira.

Dzvinyiriro Yamarudzi Ose Nenzvimbo Dzinosiiwa

Hurumende dzokumwe, masangano enyika yose, uye NGOs dzinogona kuisa dzvinyiriro pahurumende dzinodzvinyirira kupfurikidza nokuzviparadzanisa kwemibatanidzwa yehurumende, zvirango zvemari, zvirango zvezvombo, uye tsigiro yamauto ezvehurumende dzinotonga. Europe Union, United States, uye United Kingdom zvakaisa zvirango pavanhu vamwe navamwe namasangano akabatanidzwa nokushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwamaruramiro avanhu muRussia, China, Venezuela, uye dzimwe nyika. International Criminal Court (IC) yakaronda kukwikwidza mhaka dzehondo neutsotsi muvanhu. Zvisinei, kubudirira kwedzvinyiriro yokunze kwakaganhurirwa, zvikurukuru apo nyika dzine simba dzakadai seChina neRussia dzinogovera chimwe nechimwe chifukidzo chekurukurirano netsigiro yezvepfuma.

Kupopota Kusina Chisimba Nokusateerera Kwevagari Vemo

Nhau inoratidza kuti kudzivisa kusina masimba masimba kunogona kuva kunobudirira nenzira inoshamisa mukurwisana nehurumende dzinodzvinyirira, sezvinoratidzirwa nesangano rekuzvimirira reIndia, sangano rekodzero dzavagari vemo muUnited States, kukundwa kwaFerdinand Marcos muPhilippines (1986), uye Chinjo yeVelvet muCzechoslovakia (19989),. Kuramba kweMisa, kurova, kuzvidza, uye kusateerera kwavagari vemo kunosimudzira ndyiko dzedzvinyiriro, kunobvisa maruramiro ehurumende, uye kunoparira kuzarura nokuda kwokuchinja kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Zvisinei, masangano asina masimba anoda chirango chakafanira, uye kudisa kugamuchira ngozi.

Nguva Yemberi Youtongi: Miitiro Nedenho

Kuchinja kwemagariro avanhu kuchaita kuti pave neramangwana rakaipa.

Kuchinja Kwezvigadzirwa uye Kudzora Madhigirii

Hurumende dzinotonga dziri kuisa mari yakawanda muuchenjeri hwokugadzira, kuziva chiso, mapepa okunyorera zvinhu, uye mapurisa anofanotaurwa. Gadziriro yenzanga yeChina yeChension ndiyo muenzaniso une simba gurusa, asi miitiro yakafanana iri kubuda muRussia, Saudi Arabia, uye dzimwe nyika. Unyanzvi uhwu hunogonesa mwero isingaenzaniswi yokunzvera, kurongeka kwenzanga, uye kudzora. Kupararira kwesimba resimba resimba resimba remitemo renyika inotonga vanhu kunoparira tyisidziro huru kukodzero dzavanhu nerusununguko rwehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende munyika yose.

Makwikwi Ezvamatongerwe Enyika Nokutsigira Kunotsigirwa Navavambi

Kumuka kweChina uye kutangazve kweRussia zvakachinja dzikamo yesimba renyika yose, zvichiita kuti pave nemhoteredzo yakanaka zvikuru yokutonga kwechisimba. Nyika idzi dzinosimudzira dzimwe nzira dzehurumende dzinoramba tsika dzinosarudzwa nehurumende inosarudzwa nehurumende. Dzinopa yamuro yezvemari, bhizimisi, uye tsigiro yehurumende dzinotonga nehurumende dzinodirana, zvichideredza kuderera kwadzo kudzvinyiriro yokuMadokero. Somuenzaniso, Belt ne Road Initiative, zvakawedzera pesvedzero yeChina muAsia, Africa, uye Latin America, kazhinji kazhinji pakurasikirwa nehurumende dzehurumende yedemocratic.

Kuchinja Kwemamiriro Okunze Nefunganyo Yemhoteredzo

Kushata kwemhoteredzo, kushaikwa kwamari, uye kutama kunotapurwa kwenzvimbo yemhoteredzo sezvingabvira kunowedzera kusagadzikana kwenzanga nokusagadzikana kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Hurumende dzinotonga dzingashandisa idzi njodzi kururamisa masimba ekurumidziro, kupesana, uye kudzorwa. Nenzira inopesana, chikwata chemhoteredzo chinogona kuva nzvimbo itsva yokudzivisa, sezvinoonekwa mukufambira mberi kwemamiriro okunze muChina neRussia, pasinei zvapo nokudzvinyirirwa kwehurumende.

Kurerutsa Kunoita Vanhu Nevanhu Vari Munyika Yose

Pasinei zvapo nedenho dzazvino uno, hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu inoramba iri chinhu chine simba. Nzvero dzevoruzhinji dzinoratidza nguva dzose kuti vanhu vazhinjisa munyika vanosarudza udzori hwedemocracy pane zvinotsiva zvine simba rakaipa. Nyika dzedemocracy, masangano enzanga yamarudzi ose, uye masangano enzanga avagari vemo anopfuurira kutsigira maruramiro avanhu nokutonga kwomutemo. Kurwisana pakati pehurumende inodzorwa navanhu kuri kure, uye muuyo wacho uchatsamira pazvisarudzo zvinoitwa navagari vemo, vatungamiriri, uye nzanga yamarudzi ose.

mhedziso

Chirevo choutongi inhau inhau inopfuurira uye inochinja zvamatongerwe enyika enyika. Matangiro ayo anorondedzera mamiriro ezvinhu(", kuwiriraniswa kwesimba, kudzvinyirirwa kwechinjo, uye kudzorwa kwemashoko — zvinoisa denho dzinokosha kurusununguko rwomunhu, chiremera, uye kukura. Zvisinei, kunzwisisa gadziriro dzehurumende inodzorwa nechiremera ndiyo nhano yokutanga yokuidzivisa. Nhau inoratidza kuti kunyange udzvinyiriri hunotyisa zvikurusa hunogona kudenhwa uye, mune zvimwe zvinoitika, kubviswa navagari vemo vakatsunga nenzanga yenyika yose. Sezvo kufambira mberi kweruzivo rwamabasa okugadzirwa nounyanzvi nemitemo yenyika zvinochinjazve simba, kudikanwa kwokungwarira, kubatana, uye chiito chenheyo hachisati chatongova chinhu chikuru. Kufunda kwechisiwo zvacho kufunda uzivi hwedzidzo; ichishandiswa kuchengetedza mipimo yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, kodzero dzavanhu, uye ruramisiro muzana ramakore rechi21.

Nokuda kwokuravazve, bvunza zviwanikwa zvinobva [[FLT: 0] Freedom House, [[[FT:2] Journal of Democracy, uye [[FLT:]] Carnegie Ement for International Pace[[FLT]]