Basa Rinopfuurira Retsika Dzetsika muMatongerwe Enyika Ane Rumano eJapan

MuJapan, mapati ezvamatongerwe enyika anowanzoisa mipimo yegamuchidzanwa pakati penzvimbo dzavo. Iyi mipimo inoumba nhevedzano pamhuri, tsika, uye zita rorudzi, inopesvedzera zvikuru nzvimbo yezvamatongerwe enyika yenyika. Kwamakumi amakore, mapati anochengeta tsika, zvikurukuru Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), yakazvigadza imene savachengeti vetsika dzeJapan, ichisimudzira dzikamo yenzanga, ruremekedzo nokuda kwechikuru, uye pfungwa yakasimba yokudada kwenyika. Kunzwisisa kuti iyi mipimo inoshandura sei mumuitiro wakajeka inodikanwa zvikuru nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anodzidza zvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti simba guru retsika reJapan muEastern Asia.

Mavambo Enhau Epfungwa Dzeboka Rinoongorora Kudzidza Nezvemagariro Evanhu

Mavambo eReformation yeJapan yazvino uno yezvokuchengeta mari anodzokera shure kuMeiji Reconst (1868), apo nyika yakakurumidza kugadziridza apo yaiedza kuchengeta kuzivikanwa kwayo kwetsika yechienzi. Masangano ePfter-war anosachinja, zvikurukuru LDP yakaumbwa muna 1955, akapfuudzira iyi fambiro mberi mbiri: inobatanidza fambiro mberi yemari neruzivo rwemiitiro yenzanga. LDP yakadzora Japan zvikurusa yenhambo yapashure pehondo, ichiita kuti nzvimbo yayo inoyera ive inopesvedzera zvikuru mumiitiro yenyika.

Kuvandudzwazve kweHondo uye Kuzivikanwa Kwerudzi

Pashure peHondo yeNyika II, Japan yakatarisana nedenho yokuvakazve kuzivikanwa kwayo yorudzi mugadziriro itsva yebumbiro remitemo. Mapati avatsigiri akatsvaka kudzorera pfungwa yorudado nokupfuuridzira kupfurikidza nokusimbisa ruremekedzo nokuda kwegamuchidzanwa, mhuri youmambo, nemiitiro yetsika dzakadai setsika dzeShinto. Ivo vakatsigira mirau iyo yakadzikamisa chinjo dzehurumende nedzinochengetedzwa dzenzanga, kubatanidza tsika yemhuri ([ )] uye zvisungo zvenzanga zvomunzvimbomo. Nguva ino yakavamba nheyo yetsika dzinopfuurira kuzivisa marusaririra echidziro echinjo akasiana namashoko nhasi.

Kupiwa Zvinzvimbo Nehurumende Kunoitwa Boka Rokutonga Nehurumende

Kudzora kwaLDP kwenguva refu kwakakuita kuti ive chinhu chikuru chemipimo isingachinji muzvamatongerwe enyika zveJapan. Chikuva chebato racho nguva dzose chinosimbisa dzikamo, kukura kwemari, uye kuchengeteka kwetsika. Mapoka emo ari mukati meLDP pane dzimwe nguva haabvumirani pamitemo chaiyo, asi anobvumirana zvikuru pamusoro poukoshi hwemipimo yegamuchidzanwa senheyo inotungamirira. Ichi chinzwano chakabvumira LDP kuchengeta chikumbiro chakafara, zvikurukuru pakati pevavhoteranisi vakuru nenzanga dzomumaruwa umo tsika dzegamuchidzanwa dzinoramba dzakasimba.

Tsika Dzetsika Muboka Revashakabvu

Mapoka echiJapan anochengeta tsika dzekare anoverengeka anoumba zvinzvimbo zvawo zvetsika nemirairo yavose. Izvi zvinokosha hazvisi zvisingachinjiki; zvinodudzirwazve mukupindura migariro yenzanga inochinja.

Kuvimbika Kwemhuri uye Muitiro Wouzivi

Mipimo yemhuri inokosha kunzvimbo dzinochengetedzwa zvakanaka muJapan. Nemwero yakaderera zvikurusa yenyika yokubereka uye chiverengero chavagari vemo chinokwegura nokukurumidza, masangano anochengeta chiverengero chavagari vemo akaita kuti muitiro wokuvapo kwavagari vemo uve chinhu chikuru. Vanokurudzira matanho okutsigira kubereka nokurera mwana, kubatanidza kurudziro dzemari, nzvimbo dzokutarisira vana, uye chinjo dzebasa dzinokurudzira roorano nokuumbwa kwemhuri. Iyi miraudzo inoumbwa seiri madikanwa kuchengetedza chimiro chemhuri chegamuchidzanwa, iyo inova inoyera sonheyo yokugadzikana kwenzanga.

  • Kukura kwebvumiro inorera mwana nebetsero dzomutero nokuda kwemhuri
  • Kusimudzira kwezororo ravabereki negadziriro dzebasa dzinochinjika
  • Tsigiro nokuda kwokutanga kufambidzana uye zvirongwa zvemhuri zvinotsigira nzanga
  • Simbiso pabasa remhuri dzakarebeswa mukutarisira mwana netarisiro yomukuru

Nhaka Yetsika Nezviratidzo Zvenyika

Kuchengetwa kwenhaka yetsika ndiimwe shongwe yezvikuva zvetsika. Mapati anotsigira kudzivirira nzvimbo dzenhau, kusimudzira unyanzvi hwegamuchidzanwa hwakadai semutambo wetii nekabuki, uye kuchengeta zviratidzo zvenyika zvakadai semureza weHinomaru uye "Kingayo" rwiyo. Vagadziri vemitemo veConservative vanowanzosimbirira mutemo unosimbisa nzvimbo yepamutemo yeizvi zviratidzo uye unotsigira kushandiswa kwazvo muzvikoro nemitambo yavose. Uku kusimbisa kupfuurira kwetsika kunosimbisa pfungwa yerudzi urwo mapoka anoomerera kudisisa anotsigira kuti kuve kwapamutemo.

Kubatana uye Kuremekedza Vane Simba

Ruremekedzo nokuda kwechiremera netsinhirano yenzanga ( ) yakasimbiswa zvikuru mumufungo wetsika weJapan. Zvikamu zvinowanzoumba mitemo yazvo mukuwirirana nokuchengeta nhevedzano, kuderedza rwisano, uye kuchengeta kuita chisarudzo chakavakirwa pabvumirano. Uku kuita kunopesvedzera chinhu chiri chose kubva pamuitiro wedzidzo kusvikira kuukama hwebasa. Zvikuva zvinoda kuva netsitsi zvishoma nezvishoma, kuchinja kwapashoma pane kuchinja kukuru, kuratidzira kuda kutsiga kwekudzikama pamusoro pokudzongonyedza.

Matapuro Emitemo Kunze Kwenzvimbo Huru

Mipimo yegamuchidzanwa inoshandura kuva zvisarudzo zvemitemo zvikasarudzwa kumativi akawanda ehurumende. Kunzwisisa aya batano kunobetsera kutsanangura chikonzero nei miitiro yakati inopfuurira kunyange sezvo chaunga cheJapan chinoshanduka.

Dzidzo Nemurayiridzo Wetsika

Dzidzo inzvimbo huru yemipimo yegamuchidzanwa. Mapati eConservative anotsigira dzidzo yetsika inonyandura ruremekedzo nokuda kwenhau yorudzi, magamuchidzanwa, uye mutoro wenzanga. LDP yakatsigira dzokororo kumabhuku echikoro ayo anosimbisa nhauro dzourudzi uye kuzvidza mativi anomutsa nharo dzenguva yakapfuura yeJapan. Vaiti vemitemo yeConservative vanotsigirawo kudzidzisa kwetsika netsika muzvikoro, vachitaura kuti idzi nhau dzinokudziridza tsika nounyanzvi hwenzanga izvo zvinoregeredza chikoro chazvino uno.

Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, mapati ane mwero akasimudzira kushandiswa kwakakura kwe "dzidzo yetsika", iyo yakatangwa senhau inorongwa muna 2018. Makirasi aya anonangidzira ngwariro pamipimo yakadai sokutendeseka, mutsa, ruremekedzo nokuda kwavakuru, uye kuda nyika. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti zvirongwa zvinosimudzira kutsigira nyika yenyika zvisiri kwokutsoropodza, nepo vatsigiri vachikurangarira sokunokosha mukuchengeta mipimo yenzanga munguva yechinjo inokurumidza.

Kutamira Kune Imwe Nyika uye Kushandisa Mitemo Yokumwe

Mapati anobatira pamutemo anowanzoda mitemo inoganhurira yokupinda munyika iyo inoisa nhevedzano yenzanga nechengeteko yetsika. Gadziriro yokutama yeJapan inoramba iri imwe yenzira dzakachenjera zvikurusa pakati pamarudzi akabudirira, dzine nzira dzakaganhurirwa kundogara nokugara kwomunyika. Vaiti vemitemo vemitemo vorusarudzi vanotaura kuti kuva mutengi wetsika kunobetsera kuteramo yenzanga nemwero yakaderera youtsotsi. Vanotsigira nokuda kwemitemo inoisa kubatanidzwa kwavashandi vokumwe kunze kwenyika pahwaro hwechinguvana, nezvinodikanwa zvakasimba zvetsika.

Pamiitiro yokumwe, masangano anochengeta ganhuriro anosimbisa uchangamire hwenyika nebatira pamwe yakasimba neUnited States nepo achichengeta kuzivikanwa kwakasiana kwetsika kweJapan. LDP yakatsigira kutsanangurwazve kwebumbiro remitemo kubvumira basa rehondo rinoshingaira zvikuru, ichisimbisa ikoku serinodikanwa nokuda kwokuzvidzora mumhoteredzo inochinja. Panguva imwe cheteyo, zvikuva zvakatsinhana kazhinji kazhinji zvinoratidzira nyevero pamusoro pezvibvumirano zvedzimwe nyika izvo zvingaderedza mano eJapan okudzora tsika nemitemo yayo yemari.

Mabasa Avanhu Nevashandi

Magariro echirume nemunhurume anoramba ari musoro unotapukira mumatongerwe enyika echiJapan anosiyana. Nepo nhengo dzichitsigira zviri pamutemo kuenzana kwevarume nevakadzi, mitemo yavo inowanzoratidza kuti vakadzi ndivo vanonyanya kuita basa rokurera mwana uye kurera mhuri. Vanogadzira mitemo inopesana nemitemo vane matanho enhau dzinopikisana nevarume, akadai semasangano echidhipati echirume ehurumende. Panzvimbo pezvo, vanotsigira gadziriro dzebasa dzinochinja - chinja uye kutsigira vakadzi vanosarudza kudzikamisa basa nemhuri, vachiaisa mutsikano semitemo yemhuri pane kugadzirisa masangano echiuto.

Nzira iyi yakabereka migumisiro yakavhengana. Mwero wavashandi vechikadzi veJapan wakawedzera zvikuru, asi vakadzi vanoramba vari munzvimbo dzoutungamiriri, uye mukaha wevarume nevakadzi unoramba uripo. Mapati anotsiva anoramba achiti maitiro avo anoremekedza zvisarudzo zvevakadzi, nepo vatsoropodzi vachipikisa kuti zvinosimudzira kusaenzana kwezvivako.

Nharo Yebumbiro reMitemo Nokuzivikanwa Kwerudzi

Gadziriro yapashure pehondo yeJapan, yakanyoreswa muUngano dzaMamwe, inoramba iri nhau inokakavadzana nokuda kwamabato anochengeta tsika. LDP yave ichida nguva refu nokuda kwokudzosa bumbiro remitemo, zvikurukuru Chikamu 9 chinoramba hondo namano ehondo. Vatsigiri vanoramba kuti bumbiro remitemo rakatangwa namasimba okumwe uye havaratidziri uchangamire hweJapan kana kuti mipimo yegamuchidzanwa. Kuhwirudzura kunobatanidza zvakajeka kuziva Masimba eIndaneti yogaro uye kusimbisa basa remhuri youmambo sechiratidzo chechinzwano chorudzi.

Mapoka anotsigirawo kuzivikanwa kwebumbiro remitemo remhuri sehwaro hwenzanga. Vamwe vaiti vemitemo vakakarakadza kugadziridza kwaizorondedzera roorano semubatanidzwa pakati pomurume nomukadzi, unoratidzira mipimo yegamuchidzanwa uye kushora kunyoreswa kwapamutemo kweroorano imwe cheteyo yevatano. Uku kukamukana kunosimbisa kusawirirana pakati petsika dzenzanga dzeJapan nemhiko yokuchengeta masangano egamuchidzanwa.

Kutonga Kwomunharaunda Nekwomunzvimbomo

Mipimo inodzorwa inopesvedzerawo kudzora pamwero yeruwa neyomunzvimbomo. Nharaunda dzomumaruwa, umo zvivako zvenzanga zvegamuchidzanwa zvinoramba zvakasimba, inzvimbo huru dzemapati ane tsika dzechinyakare. Mitambo inotsigira kutsigira mari yokurima, kukura kwenharaunda, uye kuchengetedzwa kwemitambo yomunzvimbomo zvinowirirana zvikuru navavhoti voruwa. Zvikuva zvamaruwa zvinosimbisa ukoshi hwokuva norunako negweta rwomunzvimbomo, zvichisimbisa kuti nzanga dzinofanira kuva norusununguko rwokuchengeta miitiro yadzo yetsika yakasiyana nemimwe pasina kudzorwa nehurumende yepakati.

Zvinetso Nezvinogadziridzwa Munzanga Inochinja

Kurambana kwevanhu vokuJapan kunosangana nematambudziko anokosha sezvo vanhu vari kuchinja nokukurumidza.

Zvido Zvechizvarwa Nezvinodiwa Nezvikamu Zvemari

Vavhoti vaduku veJapan kazhinji kazhinji havanyanyi kubatanidzwa nemipimo yamagamuchidzanwa kupfuura vakuru vavo. Nzvero nguva dzose dzinoratidza kuti zvizvarwa zviduku zvinogamuchira zvikuru LGBTQ+ maruramiro, zvakazaruka zvikuru kutamira, uye kupanikira zvikuru urudzi. Uku kukamukana kwechizvarwa kunopa denho nokuda kwamapatika anotsamira pavavhoti vakuru nokuda kwetsigiro yavakuru. Vamwe vezvamatongerwe enyika vanoomerera pane zvapakuvamba vakaedza kuwedzera kurudziro yavo kupfurikidza nokusimbisa miitiro yemari neitiro dzechengeteko neitiro dzechengeteko nepo vachipfavisa chimiro chavo panhau dzenzanga.

LDP yakaita gadziridzo dzakati, dzakadai sokutsigira kuzivikanwa kwakaganhurirwa kwevatano imwe cheteyo mumamwe mamiriro ezvinhu uye kusimudzira kutora rutivi kwavashandi vavakadzi. Zvisinei, idzi chinjo dzinowanzova dzinowirirana uye dzinosanorongwa kudzivisa vatsigiri vegamuchidzanwa. Nhau yenzira yokudzikamisa nayo kuwirirana nenheyo idenho isingagumi nokuda kwemapoka anochengeta mari yakawanda munyika yose, uye Japan haisi iri yechienzi.

Kudyidzana Kwenyika Yose uye Kuchengetedzwa Kwetsika

Kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi pose kunoparira kusawirirana pakati pechishuvo chokuchengetedza tsika dzegamuchidzanwa nechinodikanwa chemari chokubatanidzwa mumisika yamarudzi ose. Mapati anosimudzira kutengeserana kwapachena nokubatana kwezvemari asi achitsigira panguva imwe cheteyo kudzivirira tsika. Uku kudzikamisa kunova kwakakomba zvikuru munharaunda dzakadai sokurima, uko miitiro yokurima yegamuchidzanwa inorwisana nezvibvumirano zvebhizimisi renyika dzakawanda, uye zvinobudisa nhau, uko zvinhu zviri kunze kwenyika zvinokwikwidzana nezvigadzirwa zvetsika dzomumusha.

Zvikamu zvinochengetedzwa zvetsika zvinoratidzira nenzira inowedzera sechimiro chesimba rakapfava. Kutanga kwe "Cool Japan", uko kunosimudzira tsika dzechiJapan dzepop nenyanzvi dzegamuchidzanwa kunze kwenyika, kunofarikanya tsigiro yakafara mumativi ose ezvamatongerwe enyika. Uku kuita kunobvumira vatendi vetsika kutsigira mipimo yegamuchidzanwa vachibatanidza kuvimbisana kwenyika yose, kuchipa tsika dzeJapan somupiro wechienzi kunyika panzvimbo pemhinganidzo kubatira pamwe yamarudzi ose.

Basa Rorudzidziso NechiShinto

Shinto, rudzidziso rwomunzvimbomo rweJapan, runoita basa risingangwariri asi rinokosha mumatongerwe enyika anochengeta mari. Kunyange zvazvo Japan iri renyika inorerekera kumutemo, vezvamatongerwe enyika vakawanda vanosasarura vanotora rutivi mutsika dzeShinto uye vanotsigira kuchengetera gamuchidzanwa reshanyo dzehurumende kuYasukuni Shrine, iyo inokudza hondo yakafa kubatanidza matsotsi ehondo. Iyi miitiro inomutsa nharo zvikuru, inobudisa tsoropodzo kubva kunyika dziri pedyo dzakadai seChina neSouth Korea. Masangano eConservativeritive anodzivirira aya magamuchidzanwa seratidziro okuzivikanwa kwetsika panzvimbo pokutsigira rudzidziso, asi musiyano kazhinji kazhinji kacho inoshatiswa mukushanda.

Ukama pakati pematongerwe enyika anochinja - chinja nemasangano ezvitendero, kusanganisira mapoka evaShinto neSoka Gakkai yeBhuddha (inotsigira boka reKomeito), hunowedzera kuoma. Mapoka aya anotsigira zvirongwa kuti pave nepesvedzero yemitemo, zvikurukuru panyaya dzemhuri nedzedzidzo. Kunzwisisa mibatanidzwa iyi kunokosha kuti unzwisise kuti tsika dzinoshandiswa nevezvamatongerwe enyika dzinoshandurwa sei kuva simba rezvamatongerwe enyika.

Maonero Aunoita Nguva Yemberi Nemagadzirirwo Akaitwa Zvinhu

Kuchinja kwevagari vemuJapan kuri kubuda muzvinhu zvakasiyana - siyana zvavari kuda kuchengetedza, kuderera kwechiverengero chevanhu, kuchinja kwevana, uye kuoma kwepfungwa dzenyika dzakawanda.

Kuchinja Kwezveupfumi Sechinodzivirira Kusagadzikana Kwenzanga

Vamwe vatungamiriri vezvetsika dzechiHindu vanotaura kuti kuwirirana kwezvemari kunokosha mukuchengeta mipimo yegamuchidzanwa. Vanotsigira kubviswa kwetsika, kutanga, uye bhizimisi senzira yokuparira nayo budiriro inotsigira mhuri nenzanga. Iyi nzira, inombonzi "kuchengeta mari," inotsvaka kuita kuti upfumi hweJapan yazvino uno huve hwaro hwayo hwenzanga. Inofadza kuvavhoti vaduku vanoisa mukana wezvemari nepo vanoramba vasina chokwadi nechinjo huru yenzanga.

Kusarudza Kugadzirisa Nhau Dzenzanga

Mapati anotsiva anowedzera kusarudza kuti mipimo yegamuchidzanwa inofanira kudzivirira zvakasimba pamusoro pai. Nhau dzakadai sedzokororwa kwebumbiro remitemo nechengeteko yenyika dzinoramba dziri pakutanga, nepo zvisarudzo pamusoro pebasa uye muitiro wemhuri zvingavapo. Uku kuzvisarudzira kunobvumira mapoka kuchengetedza kuzivikanwa kwawo achidzivisa kuvadziko inosarudzwa munzvimbo dzisingazivikanwi. Chinetso chiri mukusarudza kuti mipimo ndeipi iri madikanwa uye kuti inogona kutsanangurwazve nokuda kwenhambo itsva.

Somuenzaniso, vamwe vezvamatongerwe enyika vanosiita kuti vatsigire vanaamai vanoshanda kwete sechinhu chinobva mutsika asi sechiratidzo chakagadziridzwa chetsika dzemhuri. Nenzira yakafanana, kuzivikanwa kwakaganhurirwa kwevatano imwe cheteyo pane dzimwe nguva kunopiwa senzira yokusimbisa nayo zvisungo zvemhuri panzvimbo pokuzvinetesa. Uku kuchinja kwokusada kurangarira chinhu kunobvumira vatendi vetsika kuti vataure kuti vapfuurire apo vachichinjira kumiitiro inochinja.

Kuoma Kweuwandu Hwevanhu

Kuderera kwechiverengero chavagari vemo cheJapan sezvinobvira idenho inomanikidzira zvikurusa nokuda kwamapati ane mwero. Pasina chinjo huru dzemiitiro, nyika inotarisana nenguva yemberi yokubatana kwezvemari ndokuderedzwa pesvedzero yenyika yose. Zvikuva zvinonangidzira ngwariro nenzira inowedzera pamitemo yokuwedzera kubereka, kubatanidza sundo dzemari, tsigiro yedzimba, uye chinjo dzebasa dzakagadzirirwa kukurudzira kubereka vana. Iyi mitemo inoiswa zviri madikanwa nokuda kwokurarama kworudzi pamwe chete nokuchengetedzwa kwemhuri. Kana izvi zvikazova zvakakwana kudzosa zvimiro zvendangariro zvemhuri zvinoramba zviripo, asi sezvingabvira zvinorambira pakati pezvikamu zvemitengo zvakachetura zvenguva yemberi zvinofanotaurwa.

mhedziso

Mipimo yamagamuchidzanwa inopfuurira kushandisa pesvedzero ine simba pamativi echiJapan ane mwero. Kuvambira pamuitiro wemhuri nedzidzo kusvikira kuchengeteko yenyika nokuchengeteka kwetsika, izvi zvinokosha zvinoumba zvose zviri zviviri kutaura nemuitiro wetsika zvamapati akadai seLDP. Zvisinei, kuchengetedza muJapan hakusati kuri chinhu chisingazivikanwi. Kumanikidzirwa kunopfuurira kuchichinjirwa kuchinjira kuchinjo yechiverengero chavagari vemo, kuchinjana kwechizvarwa, uye upfumi hwenyika nepo vachichengeta kuzivikanwa kwavo. Kukwanisa kwavo kufamba neiyi mirangariro kuchasarudza kwete bedzi mibereko yavo inosarudzwa asiwo mufambiro mukuru wenzanga yeJapan.

Nokuda kwavacherekedzi vanofarira matongerwe enyika eJapan, kunzwisisa basa remipimo yegamuchidzanwa kunokosha. Mipimo iyi inogovera magirazi kutsanangura nawo gakava remitemo, unyanzvi hwokusarudza, uye kurukurirano inopfuurira pakati pokupfuurira nokuchinja mune imwe yehurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu dzinopesvedzera zvikurusa dzenyika. Sezvo Japan inopfuurira kushanduka, mapoka ane mwero acharamba ari vatambi vakuru mukuumba magamuchidzanwa awo, kududzirwazve, kana kuti kushandurwa nokuda kwenguva yemberi.

Nokuda kwokuravazve, pawebsite [[FLT: 0] yeLiberal Democratic Party inogovera zvikamu zvemiitiro zvine udzame. Academic kunzvera kwakadai sekunobudiswa mu Journal yeChijapanian Studies[ inopa mifungo yakadzama pamusoro pepfungwa dzechinyakare. Mukuwedzera, mishumo inobva ku [[FLT:]NPRON inogovera kupfuudzira kwechiNgezi kwemitauro yechiJapan nenzanga.