Chiremera Chinotsanangurwa: Chinobva Kupi?

Chiremera pfungwa izere nevanhu, kubvira mukirasi kusvika mukamuri rokudzidzira, kubvira kumabasa emhuri kusvika kuutungamiriri hwenyika yose.

Mavambo Echiremera

Chiremera, pamavambo acho, chinonongedzera kusimba rapamutemo iro munhu mumwe nomumwe kana kuti sangano rinaro pavamwe. Kusafanana nesimba routsinye kana kuti kumanikidza, chiremera chinoreva mwero wakati wekubvuma kana kuti kuzivikanwa naavo vanozviisa pasi paro. Chirongwa chetsika chakakurumbira, chakatangwa naMax Weber, chinozivisa marudzi matatu makuru echiremera: chegamuchidzanwa, chesimba resimba resimba renyika, uye chepamutemo. Zvisinei, nyanzvi dzapanguva ino dzinoziva manyuko okuwedzera akadai senyanzvi nechiremera chetsika, chimwe nechimwe chinoita basa rakatanhamara mukuumba gadziriro yamagariro.

Chiremera Chegamuchidzanwa

Chiremera chamagamuchidzanwa chinovakirwa mutsika dzakasimbiswa, miitiro, uye zvimiro zvenzanga zvakagara kwenguva refu. Chinowanzogarwa nhaka kana kuti kupfuudzwa muzvizvarwa, sezvinoonekwa mumadzimambo, zvikepe, uye utungamiriri hworudzidziso. Ichi chimiro chechiremera chinogamuchirwa nemhaka yokuti "kwave kuri nenzira iyi nguva dzose. ” Somuenzaniso, mukuru wedzinza angava nechiremera nemhaka yezera nedzinza, kwete nemhaka yechisarudzo chipi nechipi chetsika kana kuti dzidzo yomunhu oga. Mumigariro yedzidzo, chiremera chegamuchidzanwa chingaoneka mukuremekedza kwakapiwa kuvadzidzisi vakuru kana kuti kuchikoro chimene sesangano rinogara.

Kunyange zvazvo chiremera chegamuchidzanwa chichigovera dzikamo nokupfuurira, chinogonawo kudzivisa chinjo iri madikanwa.Masangano anotsamira zvikuru pagamuchidzanwa angaparapatika kuchinjira kumipimo mitsva kana kuti ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, kuchitungamirira kurwisano pakati paavo vanotsigira nzira dzekare naavo vanovavarira fambiro mberi.

Chiremera Chine Simba

Chiremera chokupa chiremera chinovambira pamavara omunhu oga — magineti yavo, chiono, kana kuti mano okufuridzira vamwe. Vatungamiriri vakadai saMartin Luther King Jr., Mahtma Gandhi, kana kuti Nelson Mandela expliprist vanoratidza chiremera chesimba resimba resimba, sezvo simba ravo rakabva mumuenzaniso wavo womunhu oga nokujeka kwetsika panzvimbo penzvimbo ipi neipi. Mukirasi, mudzidzisi ane simba resimba anogona kunyandura vadzidzi, kwete kupfurikidza nemitemo kana kuti magiredhi, asi kupfurikidza neruchiva nebatano.

Zvisinei, chiremera chesimba rinokwezva hachina kutsiga. Chinosungirirwa kumunhu mumwe uye kazhinji kazhinji chinopera apo munhu iyeyo anobva panzvimbo yacho. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, masangano akavakwa pedyo navatungamiriri vesimba resimba rinokwezva anowanzotarisana nenjodzi dzinotevedzana. Kutsungirira, chiremera chesimba resimba resimba resimba resimba rinofanira kuva [ — anoshandurwa muzvimiro zvakatsiga zvikuru, zvakadai segadziriro yebhureaucratic kana kuti musero wedzidziso dzakanyorwa.

Chiremera Chomutemo

Chiremera chokuisa pamutemo inheyo yehurumende dzazvino uno, hurumende, uye masangano emitemo. Yakavakirwa pamitemo yakagadzwa, miitiro, uye mabasa ehurumende. Mugadziriro iyi, chiremera chinobatanidzwa kuhofisi, kwete munhu. Mutongi, mukuru wemapurisa, kana kuti mukuru wechikoro anobata chiremera nemhaka yebasa ravo rakasarudzwa, kwete nemhaka yenzvimbo yomunhu oga kana kuti yagarwa nhaka. Rudzi urwu rwechiremera runotevedzerwa, haruzi munhu, uye runovakirwa pamitemo inoshanda zvakaenzana kuna vose.

Chiremera chapamutemo ndicho chimiro chakakurumbira zvikurusa munzanga dzedemocracy dzapanguva ino. Chinogovera nhungamiro dzakajeka dzokuita zvisarudzo, kuzvidavirira, uye kutevedzana. Bva inogona kuva yakaoma uye isina hunhu, pane dzimwe nguva kubvisa iyo inorongerwa kubatira. Apo mitemo inoteverwa pasina kurangarira mashoko akapoteredza kana kuti tsitsi, chiremera chinogona kurasikirwa nokufanira kwacho mumeso avadzorwi.

Chiremera Chenyanzvi

Chiremera chenyanzvi chinobva muzivo chaiyo, unyanzvi, kana kuti ruzivo rwokuzviwanira. Vanachiremba, masayendisiti, mainjiniya, uye vadzidzisi vakarovedza vose vanoshandisa chiremera chenyanzvi munzvimbo dzavo. Kusafanana nechiremera chepamutemo, chiremera chenyanzvi hachina kubatanidzwa nenzvimbo yapamutemo — nyanzvi yephysics yakakurumbira inochengeta chiremera kunyange kunze kwebasa reyunivhesiti. Mukirasi, unyanzvi hwomudzidzisi munhau yavo ndihwo manyuko makuru echiremera chavo. Vadzidzi vangangogamuchira nhungamiro kune mumwe munhu wavanorangarira kuva anoziva kuva anoziva.

Chiremera chenyanzvi, zvisinei, chinotarisana nedenho dzechienzi muzera ramashoko. Internet inogovera kusvika kuzviverengero zvitsama zvikuru zvemashoko, izvo zvinogona kupa vanhu simba rokubvunza zvikumbiro. Misformation nokuderera kwechivimbo mumasangano zvakaomesa nyika, zvichiita kuti kuve kunokosha kuti nyanzvi dzikurukure kwete maidi chete, asi miitiro yadzinosvika nayo mhedziso dzavo. Kunyudza zvikuru muchiremera chenyanzvi nedenho dzayo, SSford Encyclopedia of Philosophy[ ipetanuseiota yakakwana chiremera nezvinopesvedzera zvarwo zvouzivi.

Chiremera Chetsika

Chiremera chetsika ndicho simba rinobva mukuita maererano nenheyo dzetsika kana kuti kuva nomukurumbira weperero.Mishumo yakadai saDalai Lama kana kuti vatungamiriri vomutsa vane chiremera chetsika kunyange pasina simba rezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti remitemo. Muchikoro, mudzidzi anongoramba achitsigira ruramisiro angawana chiremera chetsika pakati pevezera rake. Chiremera chetsika kazhinji kazhinji ndicho chisina kusimba zvikurusa uye chine simba zvikurusa: chinogona kupera simba nemhaka yokuti chinogona kuraswa muchiito chimwe chounyengeri, asi chine simba nemhaka yokuti chinorayira ruremekedzo nokuvimbika izvo pasina mutemo unogona kusunda.

Kumanikidza Vane Simba

Kunzwisisa uko chiremera chinobva kunotibvumira kuona kuti chinoshanda sei mukushanda.

Simba Rinoita Kuti Tikwanise Kushandisa Simba

Chiremera chinoparira simba zvisingadzivisiki. Avo vane chiremera vane mano okupesvedzera zvisarudzo, kugovera pfuma, uye magariro. Mukirasi, chiremera chomudzidzisi chinoumba zvinodzidziswa, kuti kurukurirano dzinopedzeka sei, uye kuti manzwi aani anonzwiwa. Aya masimba anogona kuva akanaka apo anotsigira ruremekedzo nebatira pamwe, asi anogonawo kutungamirira kukutsamira kana kuti kudzvinyirirwa kwezvipo. Kubetsera manyuko echiremera avo vari musimba naavo vanozviisa pasi paro kunzwisisa ganhuriro dzesimba iroro.

Kuzvidavirira

Chiremera nokuzvidavirira ndezvimwe mativi maviri emari imwe cheteyo. Chiremera chemitemo chinouya nomutoro. Mukuru anoshandisa chiremera chavo kumanikidza mitemo yechikoro anozvidavirira kuboka rechikoro, vabereki, uye vadzidzi. Apo chiremera chinoshandiswa pasina kuzvidavirira — mungave muhurumende, bhizimisi, kana kuti dzidzo — chinova chidzoreso chechiremera. Nhevedzo nedzikamo, kuita zvisarudzo kwakajeka, uye mitoo yokutaura zvinokosha kuchengeta kuva nokuvimbika kwechiremera.

Gadziriro Yenzanga

Chiremera chinobetsera kuchengeta nhevedzano yenzanga kupfurikidza nokugadza nhungamiro dzakajeka dzomufambiro. Pasina chimiro chakati chechiremera chinogamuchirwa, mapoka anogona kupinda munyongano kana kuti rwisano. Muzvikoro, zvivako zvechiremera zvinogovera mhoteredzo inodeya kuzivikanwa uko kudzidza kunogona kuitika. pamwero mukuru zvikuru, chiremera chehurumende chinodzikamisa mitemo inodzivirira maruramiro nokupedza gakava. Bva nhevedzano yenzanga inofanira kudzikamiswa nokuchinjika zvikuru. Apo chiremera chinogona kuva chakaoma zvikuru, chinogona kudzivisa mavambo nokutaurwa kwomunhu oga.

Kutendeseka Nokubvumirana

Pfungwa huru muchiremera chokunzwisisa ndi kubatana. Kuti chiremera chibudirire, chinofanira kuonekwa sechapamutemo neavo vari pasi payo. Kurayira kazhinji kunotorwa mumubatanidzwa wezvinorondedzerwa pamusoro apa — gamuchidzanwa, rondedzero dzapamutemo, unyanzvi, uye tsika. Kana kuva namaruramiro anoputsa, chiremera kunodenhwa. Uku kunogona kuonwa mumasangano anopanikira chiremera chakadai semapurisa kana kuti hurumende. Basa romuzivi wezvamatongerwe enyika David Hume pamavambo echiremera uye kugovera gadziriro inobetsera nokuda kwokunzwisisa uku nesimba. Nokuda kwezvo kuravazve, [FLT:]

Chiremera Mudzidzo

Zvikoro zviduku - duku zvenzanga, uko zvimiro zvakawanda zvechiremera zvinobatira pamwe: izvo zvavadzidzisi, vatarisiri, mipimo yedzidzo, uye kunyange vadzidzi vamene.

Chiremera Chomudzidzisi

Simba ravo mubatanidzwa wezvikamu zvinoverengeka:

  • Expand: Mudzidzi anoratidza zivo huru yenhau yavo anowana ruremekedzo kuvadzidzi. Ichi chiremera chenyanzvi chinosimbiswa apo vadzidzisi vanobatanidza gutsikano nezvikumbiro chaizvoizvo zvenyika ndokukurudzira kubvunza.
  • Expience: Makore mukirasi anoshongedzera vadzidzisi nouchenjeri hunoshanda — kuziva kubata nedzokudzongonyedzwa, zvidzidzo, uye kurava kamuri. Ruzivo runopa kuvimbika uye runobvumira vadzidzisi kushandisa chiremera nenzira yokujeka.
  • Tsigiro yeIncitorian: Chikoro chinogovera chiremera chapamutemo kupfurikidza nezvibvumirano zvebasa, zvibvumirano zvepurogiramu, uye mirau inoranga. Vadzidzisi vanobudirira vanoshandisa iyi tsigiro pasina kuva vanotsamira pairi.
  • [[FLT: 0] Charma and Moral Guier:[[FLT: 1] Vadzidzisi vanonyandura chivimbo nechiremera chomutsa chepakakwazvo chinopfuura mitemo. Vadzidzi sezvingabvira zvikuru vanowirirana ndokupinda apo vanonzwa mudzidzisi wavo achiitira hanya zvapachokwadi pamusoro pegarikano yavo.

Zvisinei, chiremera chomudzidzisi hachisi chakakwana. Chitendero pamirau inomanikidzirwa kana kuti yakaoma chinogona kukuvadza ukama hwomudzidzisi nemwana. Kusvika kwazvino uno, kwakadai sokudzidzisa kugamuchira tsika, kunosimbisa kudikanwa kwechiremera chokugoverana ndokutaurirwa munzira dzinowirirana nesangano ravadzidzi.

Chiremera Chevadzidzi

Vadzidzi havasati vachingova zvavo vagamuchiri vechiremera vasingaiti chinhu; vanochishandisawo mukati mekirasi. chiremera chezera chinogona kuva chinokosha, zvikurukuru mugadziriro dzinobatira pamwe:

  • Peer Epunsion: Vadzidzi kazhinji kazhinji vane chiremera pakati pevomukirasi biyavo chakavakirwa pamugariro womunzanga, mukurumbira, kana kuti kugona kunzwisiswa. Uku chiremera chisina kurongwa chinogona kuumba boka ramasimba, pesvedzera kutora rutivi, uye kunyange kutapura miuyo yedzidzo.
  • Vadzidzi vanotsigira nokushingaira kurukurirano ndokuratidzira zivo pakati pevaenzani navadzidzisi zvakafanana. Inzwi rinokurudzira rinochinja kirasi kubva pamuenzaniso wedemocracy kusvika kunzanga yokudzidza kukuru zvikuru.
  • Rovesaro dzechiLavendership: nzvimbo dzomuenzaniso dzakadai somumiriri weboka, mutungamiriri weboka, kana kuti purezidhendi weboka rinopa vadzidzi mwero wechiremera chesangano. Mabasa aya anodzidzisa mutoro uye kushandiswa kwetsika.

Kuziva chiremera chavadzidzi hakuregi basa romudzidzisi; panzvimbo pezvo, kunoparira muenzaniso wechiremera unosimudzira kuvimbisana, kuva muridzi, uye kufunga kwokutsoropodza. Nzvero pa inzwi roungwaru nesangano mukirasi (Edutopia) inosimbisa nzira iyo vadzidzi vanogona kuronga nayo mikana yokuti vadzidzi vatungamirire kurukurirano, kusarudza misoro yenzvero, uye kutora rutivi mukuronga maongororo.

Chiremera Chokutarisira Negadziriro

Kupfuura kirasi, vakuru vakuru, vatarisiri, madare ezvikoro, uye masangano ehurumende anoshandisa chiremera chinoumba muitiro wedzidzo. Uku chiremera chokuisa pamutemo chinoiswa mumitemo, mabhajeti, uye mipimo inobvumirwa. Nepo kuri madikanwa nokuda kwetsinhirano uye kuzvidavirira, chiremera chakakwirira pane dzimwe nguva chinogona kurwisana nezvinodikanwa zvekirasi imwe neimwe. Vatungamiriri vezvikoro vanotsinhirana nokuita zvisarudzo zvebatira pamwe, kubatanidza vadzidzi navadzidzisi mukuumba tsika dzechikoro.

Zvinetso Kuvane Simba

Chiremera, pasinei zvapo namanyuko acho, hachitongovi chakabatana. Chiri kuramba chichiedzwa, kubvunzwa, uye kubviswa.

  • Chiratidzo neLegitacy Crisse: Apo nhamba dzechiremera dzinokundikana kusvitsa mipimo yetsika kana kuti kubvumikisa kuva dzisina kutsarukana, kuva pamutemo kwadzo kunoregeredzwa. Kutsoropodza kwavose, kunzvera kwenhau, uye masangano enzanga zvinogona kuparadza chiremera nokukurumidza. Somuenzaniso, zvisakafanira kana kuti kusashanda zvakanaka kwehurumende zvinogona kuputsa chivimbo icho chakatora makore kuvaka.
  • Kuda kutsigira maNorm: Yaimbogamuchirwa sechiremera chapamutemo — zvakadai soruremekedzo rusingapanikirwi nokuda kwavakuru, vadzidzisi, kana kuti mapurisa — zvinova zvinopanikirwa zvikuru. Fambiro mberi yenzanga inowanzobatanidza zvimiro zvetsika dzegamuchidzanwa. #MeToo neruramisiro imienzaniso yazvino uno yemitemo yechiremera inochinja.
  • Access kuMashoko: Internet ine zivo yedemocracy. Vadzidzi vanogona kunzvera vadzidzisi munguva chaiyoiyo. Vagari vanogona kunzvera mitemo negadziriro zvakazvimirira. Nepo ikoku kuchipa simba vanhu, kunoparirawo nzvimbo umo chiremera chinofanira kuzviruramisa chimene nguva dzose. Denho ndeyokusiyanisa pakati pepanikiro dzakanaka nokusavimba kunopedza simba.
  • Peer and Social Media Effect: Sangano rechiremera ramasanga paIndaneti rinogona kukwikwidzana kana kuti kutopfuudza zviremera zvetsika. Mapesvedzero, miitiro yemavhairasi, uye zvimiro zvemiitiro zvepaIndaneti, pane dzimwe nguva zvine simba zvikuru kupfuura zvikoro kana kuti vabereki. Kunzwisisa iri simba kunokosha nokuda kwavadzidzisi vanotsvaka kuchengeta kushanda.

Kuedza Kukurira Zvinetso Zvevane Simba

Kuti varambe vane chiremera chinobudirira mukutarisana nezvinetso, vatungamiriri — vangava vadzidzisi, vabereki, kana kuti vanamazvikokota — vanofanira kushandisa nzira dzinogadziridzwa:

  • [ Tsinga: Kuva akasununguka pamusoro pezvisarudzo, mipimo, uye ganhuriro kunovaka chivimbo. Apo vadzidzi vanonzwisisa chikonzero nei mutemo uripo, sezvingabvira zvikuru vanouremekedza.
  • Kuteerera: Chiremera icho chiri matsi kuhwirudzuro chichava chidzoreso chinodzorwa nechisimba. Kugadzira mikoto nokuda kwebutiro nokuratidza kuda kugadziridza mitemo kunogona kudzorera pamutemo.
  • Kusachinja: Kushandisa mitemo nenzira yakarurama uye sezvinodeya kuonwa kunosimbisa chiremera chapamutemo. Arbitroris inoiparadza.
  • Kubatanidza:[[FL:1] unyanzvi nokuvandudza zvinopfuurira zvinosimbisa chiremera chenyanzvi. Mudzidzo, kukura kwenyanzvi uye muitiro wokuratidzira zvinokosha.

Chiremera Kunze Kwekirasi

Nheyo dzimwe chetedzo dzechiremera dzinoshanda mune zvimwe zviitiko — basa, hurumende, mhuri, uye nzanga. Munzvimbo yebasa, vanamamaneja vanobatanidza chiremera chomubatanidzwa wapamutemo (nzvimbo yavo) nechiremera chenyanzvi (zivo yavo) uye pane dzimwe nguva chiremera chinokwezva (mutoo wavo woutungamiriri). Muhurumende, murangariro we wemasimba [[ inhamburiko inoumbwa kuparadzira nokudzivisa kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwawo. Mumhuri, chiremera chingavakirwa pagamuchidzanwa, nhungamiro yetsika, kana kuti chidakadaka. Nzvimbo imwe neimwe ine mubatanidzwa wayo imene wamanyuko nezvipi.

Kunzwisisa chiremera kunotibetsera kuva vatungamiriri vanobudirira zvikuru, vagari vemo vakavimbisana zvikuru, uye vazivisi vamashoko vanotsoropodza zvikuru.

mhedziso

Chiremera hachisi simba rinopesana asi chinhu chakaoma chinomuka kubva mugamuchidzanwa, shanje, zvivako zvapamutemo, unyanzvi, uye perero yetsika. Mudzidzo, chiremera chinoumba mhoteredzo yokudzidza kupfurikidza navadzidzisi, vadzidzi, uye masangano. Chiremera nguva dzose chinodenhwa — kubva kumipimo inochinja, kusvika kumashoko, uye kuraira kwokuzvidavirira. Nokuziva mavambo nerevo dzechiremera, vadzidzi navadzidzi vanogona kufambisa nzendo dzavo dzedzidzo nokuziva zvikuru nokuvimbisa kwokutsoropodza. Uku kunzwisisa kunopa simba vanhu vamwe navamwe kuremekedza chiremera chapamutemo apo vanobvunza kuti chishatisiswe, vachisimudzira nzanga yakarurama zvikuru neinosimba.

Nokuda kwokumwe kunzvera, Encyclopedia Britannica pachiremera [ inogovera kupeta-pfupika kwenhau, uye basa ramagariro avanhu Max Weber rinoramba riri madikanwa kurava. Mukirasi, nyaya ye ASCD "Retung Teacher Agurectrity"[ inopa nzwisiso dzinoshanda nokuda kwavadzidzisi.