Kutanga Kushanda Muhurumende

Hurumende yeUnited States inoshanda segadziriro yakagadzirwa kudzikamisa simba uye kubatira vagari vemo pamwero uri wose. Kuvambira padare rechikoro renharaunda kumusangano wehoro dzeCongress, nhurikidzwa imwe neimwe(nzvimbo, nyika, uye hurumende) ine mitoro yakasiana uye inobatana navanhu munzira dzakasiana. Kunzwisisa izvi zvikamu zvinokosha kwete bedzi nokuda kwokugona kurava nokunyora asi nokuda kwokutsigirazve kubudirira nokuda kwechinjo, kupinda mabasa, uye kuita kuti vakuru vakuru vasarudzwe kuzvidavirira. Iyi nhungamiro yakakudzwa inopa kunzvera kwakakwana pamasimba, mabasa, uye kubatana kwehurumende pamwero yose, kugovera mienzaniso yekongiriyo nenzwisiso inoshanda nokuda kwokuva nomugariro wounzi mugari wehurumende.

Hurumende Yomunzvimbomo: Vavariro Yapedyo Zvikuru Navanhu

Hurumende yomunzvimbomo ndiyo nheyo yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica. Inotapura zvakananga upenyu hwezuva nezuva kupfurikidza namabasa akadai sekuunganidzwa kwemarasa, dzidzo yavose, kuchengetwa kwomutemo kwomunzvimbomo, uye zvisarudzo zvokuronga. Kune mapoka anopfuura 90 000 ehurumende yomunzvimbomo muUnited States, kubatanidza nhamba, maturashi, maruwa ezvikoro, maruwa chaiwo. horo dzeguta, misangano yemakurukota eguta, uye masangano ezvikoro ndezvipo zvinokwanisa kuwana nokukurumidza zvikurusa vaiti vemitemu.

Mabasa eHurumende Yomunzvimbomo

Hurumende dzemo dzinopa mabasa anokosha anobatsira kuti vanhu vagarisane zvakanaka. Nharaunda dzinokosha dzinosanganisira:

  • Public Safety:[[[FLT: 1] Madhipatimendi amapurisa, mabasa okudzima moto, mhinduro yekurumidziro, uye kugadzirira njodzi. Zviremera zvenharaunda zvinowanzogadza nguva dzokusvika panguva, mitemo yemotokari, uye miganhu yeruzha.
  • Traxation: maruwa ezvikoro zvavose anotarisira K-12, anoripira vadzidzisi, anogadza mipimo yedzidzo yezvidzidzo kunhungamiro dzehurumende, uye anoronga bhajeti. Mabhodhi ezvikoro anosarudzwa zvakananga munzanga zhinjisa.
  • Indastracturature and Public Works: Kugadziridzwa kwemigwagwa yomunharaunda, nzira dzomumugwagwa, mwenje yomumugwagwa, nzvimbo dzokurasira mvura, mapaki, uye maraibhurari avose.
  • Madhipatimendi outano omunzvimbomo anotarisira makiriniki enhomba, maresitorendi, nhevedzano yetsvina, uye anogovera gadziriro nokuda kwemhuri dzinowana mari shoma, mabasa outano hwendangariro, uye kurapa nezvinodhaka.
  • [ Zini naNyika Inoshandiswa: mapurani okuronga uye masangano okuronga nzvimbo anosarudza kuti nzvimbo inogona kushandiswa sei(idzokushandiswa), yezvokutengeserana, yemaindasitiri, yokurima. Zvisarudzo izvi zvinoumba magariro omunharaunda, kuwanikwa kwedzimba, uye kukura kwezvemari.
  • Mitero yenhumbi ndiyo inonyanya kupiwa nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo. Mamwe maguta anobhadhara mitero yokutengesa kana kuti mitero yemari inobhadharwa. Zvisarudzo zvokuronga mari inodzorwa zvine chokuita zvakananga namabasa akadai semapaki, kugadzirirwa kwemigwagwa, uye kuchengeteka kwevoruzhinji.

Kubatanidzwa MuHoro Dzamataundi Nemisangano YamaKoroni

Misangano yehoro yeguta inozivikanwa nehurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu. Inopa vanhu vagari vemo mukana wokubvunza mibvunzo, kumutsa zvinetso, uye kukurukura nhau dzinobva panzvimbo inogadziriswa nzvimbo inomutsa kunzvimbo inoitirana nharo. Kuvimbisana kunoshanda kunopfuura kupinda misangano: vagari vemo vanogonawo kushanda pamabhodhi okupa mitero, kumhanyira kuhofisi, kubatana nevavakidzani, kana kuti kubatanidzwa mumashoko anokurukurwa nevanhu. Hurumende dzakawanda dzinorarama mumitevedzero uye dzinobvuma tsinhiro dzinonyorwa, zvichiita kuti vawirirane. Kunzwisisa daro rebhajeti rebhajeti romunzvimbomo kunoitwa neapo kunzwi angashandiswa kunzi vagari vemone simba rokuva neronzewo.

" Hurumende yenharaunda inosangana nerabha mumugwagwa wedemokrasi. Mugari wemo anogona kuona chinetso munharaunda yavo(a chiedza chomugwagwa chakaputsika, chitubu chekotsekano) uye ane nzira yakajeka yokuikurukura nomutezo wedare reguta kana kuti mutungamiriri wamabasa avose.. — League of Women Voters

Hurumende: Vashandi Vehurumende Inotonga Vanhu Vane Utongi Husina Kufanira

Hurumende dzine basa guru mugadziriro yehurumende yeU.S. muBumbiro reMitemo reU.S., masimba asingapiwi hurumende yehurumende kana kuti anorambidzwa kuhurumende anochengeterwa hurumende kana kuti vanhu. Ikoku kunopa chiremera chakafara pamusoro pedzidzo, zvokufambisa, murairo woutano, mutemo woutsotsi, mutemo wemhuri, uye mitemo yemari yakawanda. Hurumende imwe neimwe ine bumbiro rayo rimene remitemo, dare remitemo, bazu rehurumende (gurukota rehurumende uye vamwe vakuru vakuru vehurumende) uye gadziriro yedare.

Mitoro Huru yeHurumende

  • Tsika: United States dzinogadza mipimo yedzidzo yapasi yose, dzinopa mipimo yokuedza, dzinotarisira magwaro okunyorera mudzidzisi, uye dzinogovera mari kumaruwa ezvikoro zvomunzvimbomo.
  • : Madhipatimendi eHurumende ezvifambiso anovaka nokuchengetedza migwagwa yehurumende, mabhiriji, nhandare dzendege, mitsetse yenjanji, uye gadziriro dzokufambisa vanhu vose.
  • Chares: Uniteds inotarisira Medicaid (pasi penhungamiro dzehurumende), inotarisira marabhoritari outano, inodzora zvipatara nemisha inochengeterwa vakwegura, uye inoshandisa misika yeinishuwarenzi youtano. Madhipatimendi outano anonzvera hosha dzinotapukira uye anotsinhiranisa mhinduro yekurumidziro.
  • Kudzorwa kwemitemo neTsvene: mapurisa ehurumende anotenderera migwagwa mikuru uye anogovera tsigiro yemitemo kumasangano omunzvimbomo. Madhipatimendi okururamisa ehurumende anoshandisa majeri negadziriro dzezvirango. matare ehurumende anobata mhaka dzoutsotsi nedzehurumende dzakawanda, kubatanidza mutemo wemhuri, zvibvumirano, uye kuvadziko yomunhu oga.
  • Development: nyika dzinopa sundo dzebhizimisi, gadziriro dzebasa, inishuwarenzi yokushaikwa kwemabasa, uye mipiro yemari. Dzinodzorawo maindasitiri akadai seoiri negasi, kurima, uye kutengesa.
  • [ Dziviriro yezvemakwara: Nyika dzinoisa mhepo nemipimo yakanaka yemvura, dzinotarisira zvinhu zvomusikirwo, dzinotarisira kuraswa kwetsvina, uye mitemo yemhoteredzo inogombedzerwa kazhinji kazhinji mubatira pamwe neEvironmental Protection Agency (EPA).
  • Sarudzo:[ United States inotarisira sarudzo dzehurumende, hurumende, uye dzomunzvimbomo(kunyoresa vhoti), kugadza miitiro yokuvhota, kunyora maruwa emitemo, uye miuyo inobvumikisa.

Basa Remitemo yeHurumende Nevatongi

Hurumende (kunze kwegadziriro yaNebraska yeminamato) ine makamuri maviri: imba yakaderera (inowanzonzi Imba yaVamiririri kana kuti Gungano) uye imba yapamusoro (Dare). Vanopfuura mitemo yehurumende, vanotendera bhajeti yehurumende, vanosimbisa kugadzwa kwehurumende, uye vanogona kukunda zvikamu nemubato mukuru. Gavhuna anoshanda semukuru wehurumende, ane masimba okusaina kana kuti kubvisa zvikwereti, kuraira mukuru mukuru wehurumende, kuraira Hurumende yeNational Guard, uye kupa mhosho. Gara yesimba re [[FLT:] uye anogona kufambisa muganhu nedzirevo. anoshanda pamwero yehurumende: magavhuna, masangano anogona kudzora, uye kudzosa mitemo, uye kudzosa mitemo.

Vagari vanogona kupinda pamwero wenyika kupfurikidza nokuonana nomumiriri wavo kana kuti mutarisiri wehurumende, vachipinda dare rinotonga mutemo, vachipa chipupuriro pamabhiri anokarakadzwa, kuvhota musarudzo dzehurumende (kubatanidza zvigaro zvehurumende zvehurumende nehurumende), uye kunyange kukarakadza nhano dzokuvhotera munyika dzakawanda. Madzimbahwe ehurumende kazhinji kazhinji anowanika zvikuru kupfuura Washington, D.C., achiita kuti kunyoresa kwakananga kunoshanda zvikuru.

Mitemo yeHurumende Nesimba Rinosara

Hurumende imwe neimwe inogamuchira bumbiro rayo imene, iro rinowanzogovera dziviriro huru zvikuru kupfuura Bumbiro reMitemo reU.S. Somuenzaniso, bumbiro remitemo remitemo rinovimbisa maruramiro edzidzo, mavara emhoteredzo, kana kuti kuvandika anopfuura mipimo yehurumende. Aya magwaro anoganhurira simba rehurumende ndokudzivirira maruramiro avanhu vamwe navamwe. 10th Amendment[ kuU.S. Bumbiro remitemo rinodzivirira zvakananga masimba kuhurumende, zvakadai semano okudzora kutengeserana kwapasi penyika, kutungamirira vhotabheti, uye kugadza hurumende dzomunzvimbomo.

Hurumende Yenyika: Hurumende

Hurumende yehurumende ndiyo mwero wakakwirira zvikurusa wehurumende muUnited States, ine mutoro wenhau dzorudzi nedzenyika yose. Masimba ayo anorongwa muBumbiro reMitemo reU.S., ayo anopa chiremera pamusoro pomuitiro wokumwe, dziviriro yorudzi, kutengeserana kwenyika, mari, kuva namaruramiro, maruramiro ekodzero, uye gadziriro yepositi. Hurumende yehurumende inoitawo basa guru munharaunda dzakadai segarikano yenzanga, kodzero dzavagari vemo, dziviriro yemhoteredzo, uye murairo wezvemari kupfurikidza namasimba anorehwa neBumbiro remitemo, zvikurukuru commece regit uye na [FLT] rakafanira].

Mapazi eHurumende Inotonga Nyika Dzakabatana

Bumbiro reMitemo rinokamura simba renyika pakati pamapazu matatu, rimwe nerimwe rine chekero pamamwe:

  • Bazu reSangano rePurezidhendi: Riri kutungamirirwa naPurezidhendi, uyo anomanikidzira mitemo yehurumende, anoraira muitiro wokumwe, anobatira saMutungamiriri weChikwangaridzo wehondo, anogadza vatongi vehurumende nemitezo yedare (nesimbiso yeDare), uye anogona kupa zviratidzo. Bazu revakuru vakuru rinobatanidza masangano 15 edare rehurumende (umr. State, Defense, Trac, Rest, Education) uye mazana amasangano akafanana neFederal Bureaunt of Agency, uye National Park Service.
  • Bazu reRegistrative: Dare reCongress(100 mitezo, 100 pahurumende) neImba yaVamiririri (mitezo 4,35, inogoverwa navagari vemo). Dare rinogadza mitemo, mitero, mitero inobvumira mari, inobvumira, hondo inozivisa, inodzora kutengeserana kwepakati penyika nekunze, uye inogona kubvisa Purezidhendi kana kuti vatongi venyika. Dare rinosimbisawo kugadzwa uye zvibvumirano.
  • Jehodicial Bazu: Rinotungamirirwa neDare Rapamusoro, nematare edunhu 13 ezvikumbiro nematare eruwa 94. Masarubhi anodudzira Bumbiro remitemo nemitemo yehurumende, anopedza gakava pakati pehurumende, uye anohwirudzura pamutemo wemitemo nemiitiro yavakuru vakuru. Simba re rehwirudzuro yedare [FLT]] [FLT]] Marbury v.Madiumlbr v.[FL:5] [FLT:] [183]]] [183]) inobvumira matare kurova mitemo inoputsa.

Masimba Akabatana Nemitoro

  • Utsinye hweNational: Department of Desicial Idzosa Masimba ane nezvombo (Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Space Force). Congress yoga inogona kuzivisa hondo, asi Purezidhendi anogona kutumira mauto kwemazuva 60 pasi pechiResolution cheHondo.
  • Affairs: Dhipatimendi reHurumende rinoita zvibvumirano, rinobata zvibvumirano, mapasipoti, uye rinobata ukama nedzimwe nyika. Purezidhendi anotaurirana zvibvumirano (zvinozviisa kudare) uye anoita zvibvumirano zvokutonga namarudzi okumwe.
  • Murairo wemari:[[FLT: 1] Dhipatimendi reTreasury rinounganidza mitero, rinotarisira mari yehurumende, rinodhinda mari, uye rinoisa mitemo yemari. Federal Reserve (sangano rakazvimirira) rinogadza mutemo wemari. Masangano anopfuudza bhajeti nemitemo yemitero.
  • Sacial Security and Medicare: Dare reNzvimbo reNzvimbo yeNzvimbo yeNzvimbo yePurecurection rinogovera betsero dzokurega basa neurema. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services inoita inishuwarenzi youtano nokuda kwavakweguru, vanhu vakaremara, uye mhuri dzinowana mari shoma.
  • Chechikodzero: Department of Justice Corgrees Division inodzika mitemo inodzivisa rusaruro yakavakirwa padzinza, vatano, urema, rudzidziso, uye mavambo enyika. The Ecompale Accomplication Options Commission (EOC) inova nemhesano yebasa.
  • Environnity Protection: EPA inogadza mipimo yorudzi nokuda kwomugariro wemhepo nemvura, inodzora zvinhu zvine chepfu, uye inotarisira kucheneswa kwenzvimbo dzetsvina dzine ngozi. United States inowanzoshandisa mapurogiramu emhoteredzo yehurumende pasi pechiremera chinogoverwa.
  • Kutora uye Zvimiro: Department of Homeland Security (DHS) inobata chengeteko yomuganhu, kuchengetwa kwokutama, kugarisa zvinhu, uye tsika. matare okutora zvinhu rutivi rutivi rutivi rweBato reRuramisiro.

Kupindirana Kwehurumende

Hakuna mwero wehurumende inoshanda mukuparadzana. Mitemo yeFederal inogadza mipimo miduku iyo nyika dzinogona kupfuura (muremu, mubhadharo muduku, miraudzo yemhoteredzo). Mitengo inoshandisa zvirongwa zvakawanda zvehurumende, zvakadai seMedicaid neurovha. Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinoshandisa zvinodikanwa zvehurumende nokuda kwedzidzo, utano hwavanhu vose, uye kushandiswa kwenyika. Iyi gadziriro inobatana inowanzonzi unani hwehurumende yenzanga yenzanga yenzanga .]

Mienzaniso Youkama Hwehurumende

  • Kupa: Hurumende yehurumende inogovera mari-mari kunharaunda nenharaunda dzemigwagwa mikuru, dzidzo (Title I, IIIIEA), utano hwavanhu vose, uye njodzi. Zvipo zvakawanda zvinouya nemigariro (mirairo yemigariro inofanira kutevera kupiwa mari).
  • Kushandira pamwe kwemitemo: United States inoita kuti mitemo yemhoteredzo yehurumende iteererwe pasi penhume dzeEPA. Mapurisa ehurumende anogona kumanikidza mitemo yehurumende yemirimo kupfurikidza namauto ebasa. Kudzika mutemo kwomunzvimbomo kunowanzoshanda neFBI neDHS pakunzvera kwakabatana.
  • Kutanga: United States inogona kuvamba miitiro mitsva (sezviito, mipimo yemotokari inodzorwa yeCalifornia) iyo gare gare inopesvedzera mitemo yehurumende. Hurumende yehurumende inogona kusunungura mitemo yehurumende munharaunda dzechiremera chehurumende chakakwana, zvakadai sechitami kana kuti mabhurokesi.
  • Mabumbiro eInterstate: United States inogona kupinda zvibvumirano nomumwe nomumwe, inotenderwa neCongress, kutarisira zvinhu zvinogoveranwa zvakadai samaruramiro emvura, kuchengetwa kwoutsotsi (mutoo, Interstate Identification Index), kana kuti mikoto yezvokufambisa.

Fundo Yenhau: Rwendo Runobva Muguta Kuenda kuWhite House

Rangarira kuti itiro hanya dzomunzvimbomo pamusoro pemvura yokunwa isina kukotsekana dzinogona kuwedzera sei kupfurikidza nemwero yehurumende: nharaunda muFlint, Michigan, pakutanga yakamutsa funganyo pamisangano yetaundi pamusoro pemvura yomutobvu ine tsvina. Vakuru vakuru vomunzvimbomo vakanga vasina zvishandiso, naizvozvo nhau yakasundwa kudare rehurumende, iyo yakaitirana nharo pamusoro pemari yepfuma yemvura. Federal masangano (EPA neHUD) anogona kunzvera ndokupa nhungamiro, uye gare gare gare Congress akapfuunt Infrapture Reformations for the National Act. Nhes, Purezident akatungamirira betsero yekurumidziro. Muenzaniso uyu unoratidza kuti zvinetso pasi pevhu zvinogona sei kuparira chiito panzvimbo iri yose yehurumende.

Nei Muchifanira Kubatanidzwa Muzvinhu Panzvimbo Iri Yose

Kubatanidzwa muhurumende hakuna kuganhurirwa kukuvhota mukusarudza kwapurezidhendi. Kutaura idi, mahofisi omunzvimbomo nehurumende kazhinji kazhinji ane tapuro yapakarepo zvikuru paupenyu hwezuva nezuva: mitero yezvinhu, rudzi rwechikoro, miitiro yamapurisa, kuvaka kunotapura kuwanikwa kwedzimba, uye mugariro wemigwagwa nenzvimbo. Asi muvhoti anovhotera nokuda kwesarudzo yomunzvimbomo anowanzova pasi pe 25%. Kunzwisisa masimba pamwero mumwe nomumwe kunobvumira vagari vemo kudenha pamutemo wavo nenzira inobudirira: mugwagwa wakaputsika inhau yeguta, mugwagwa unovharwa pamugwagwa wehurumende pamusoro pehurumende yeDOT, uye chibvumirano chokuzvidzivirira chiri muBhungaro.

Kubatanidzwa Kungaita Vagari Vemo Kunze Kwokushevedzera

  • Misangano yavose yapamhene: dare reGuta, komisheni yenyika, dare rechikoro, komirairo, dare remitemo rehurumende. Vazhinji zvino vava vawirirani.
  • Tsinhiro dzavose: Masangano mazhinjisa anogamuchira tsinhiro dzakanyorwa pamitemo inokarakadzwa. Nokuda kwemirau yehurumende, shandisa mirairo.gov.
  • Vamiririri vakasarudzwa: A shoko rakapfupika, munhu oga rinoshanda zvikuru kupfuura kuumba mabhii. Wana vakuru vakuru vako pa USA.gov.
  • Kubatira pamapuranga namakomanisi: mabhodhi akawanda omunzvimbomo nehurumende (nzvimbo, mapaka, raibhurari, tsika) ane zvigaro zvavagari vemo. Zvibvumirano zvinowanzoitwa nameya, gavhuna, kana kuti dare.
  • [ Chikamu mukuverenga vanhu: Kuverenga vanhu kwapanguva ino kunotema kumira kwedare uye mabhiriyoni mumari inotsigirwa nehurumende. Nhamburiko dzokuverenga vanhu dzomunzvimbomo dzinoda vazvipiri.
  • Kutanga nedare rechikoro, dare reguta, kana kuti chibvumirano chehurumende inzira chaiyo yokuchinja muitiro.

Mugumisiro: Kuva Mugari Wemunyika Ane Simba Kunoda Kunzwisisa Mararamiro

Kubva pahoro yetaundi romunzvimbomo kusvikira ku White House, masimba ehurumende anoparadzirwa namaune kuti ave nechokwadi chokudavidza, kudzivirira rusununguko, uye kubvumira zvitsva. Mwero mumwe chete unogona kupedza chinetso chiri chose bedzi. Vagari vanonzwisisa ichi chirongwa vanogona kufamba negadziriro, vanoita kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vazvidavirire, uye vatsigire chinjo dzinovandudza nzanga dzavo. U.S. haisati ichikwanisa nguva dzose, asi yakagadzirwa kuti ive inowanika. Nokuziva kwokutungamirira simba ravo kugweda reguta, murongi, mutemi wehurumende, kana kuti sangano rehurumende ringanzwa uye kuumba manzwi avo.

Nokuda kwokuraviwazve pamusoro pegadziriro yehurumende yeU.S., bvunza Nhevedzo yeMari reMarudzi: Constitution ne Conerfer.gov chikuva chemitemo yemashoko. Zvishandiso zvehurumende zvinowanika kupfurikidza newebsite yehurumende imwe neimwe.