Kunzwisisa Electoral College uye Simba Rezvidzidzo Zvako

Electoral College igadziriro yebumbiro remitemo United States inoshandisa kusarudza purezidhendi wayo uye mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi. Panzvimbo pokuvhota zvakananga kwakakurumbira, tsika ino inotsamira paboka ravavhoti vanokandira varongi vapamutemo vanotema muwani. Vavhoti vazhinji vanogona kunzwa kuva vakajeka, asi kunzwisisa kuti Electoral College inoshanda sei kuti kuona kuti vvuti yako inoita sei kuti pave nemugumisiro wenyika yose. Nyaya ino inotsanangura nzira yacho yakadzika, inoongorora midzi yayo yenhau, inoongorora migumisiro yayo inoshanda paRhokiai uye mishandira, uye inohwirudzura gakava rinopfuurira panzvimbo yayo muhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.

Kushanda Kunoita Electoral College

Pamwero wayo mukurusa, Electoral College iboka ravavhoti 538 vanoparadzirwa pakati pe 50 enyika neruwa rweColumbia. Nyika imwe neimwe inogamuchira chiverengero chakati chavavhoti chakaenzana nomufananidzo wayo wose muCongress: mumwe nokuda kwomutezo mumwe nomumwe weImba yaVamiriri, kubatanidza vaviri nokuda kwavakuru vayo. Disikiti reColumbia rinowana vasaruri vatatu pasi pe 23 Demendment, kunyange zvazvo risina kumirira muCongress.

Apo unokanda chivhoti chako chapurezidhendi muna November, hausati uri kuvhota zvakananga nokuda kwomuvhota. Panzvimbo pezvo, uri kuvhota nokuda kwechitupa chavavhoti voruvhoti vakavimbiswa kutsigira mutevedzeri iye. Ava vavhoti vanowanzosarudzwa namabato ezvamatongerwe enyika mukati mekokorodzano dzehurumende kana kuti nematare ebato. Muruwa rwakawanda, muvhoti anowana vhoti yakakurumbira paEcomment Day anogamuchira mavhoti ose ehurumende. Ikoku kunozivikanwa somuwisi wegadziriro yose. Zvikamu zviviri bedzi . $Maine neNezalkai neNebras. zvinoshandisa mutoo womura mumwe chete, anowana muvhoti womura muwiri woruwa rumwe norumwe rweruwa rweruwa rwenyika imwe neimwe uye mavhoti mbiri pamavhoti mbiri kumavhotera kuruwa ehurumende.

Pashure pokunge vhoti yakakurumbira yapupurirwa pamwero wehurumende, vavhoti vanosangana mumadzimbahwe avo ehurumende paChipiri chokutanga pashure peChitatu chechipiri muna December. Imomo, vanokanda mavhoti akaparadzana nokuda kwapurezidhendi uye mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi. Mavhoti aya anotenderwa anogamuchirwa anotumirwa kupurezidhendi weDare(8) muteveri wapurezidhendi weUnited States . Iye anotungamirira parusando rweCongress kuvamba kwaJanuary 20. Muchikamu ichocho, vhoti yakasarudzwa inoverengwa, uye muvhotisi anosvika 270 vota vavhoti vanowana anoziviswa kuti ahwina. Iyi nhanho yokupedzisira inotevero yokupedzisira pamberi pokugadzwa kwapurezidhendi wesangano paJanuary 20.

Nepo vavhoti vazhinjisa vachivimbisa, "Vavhotisi vasingatendi" panhambo nenhambo vavhoti nokuda kwomunyumwiri. Dare rapamusorosoro rakatsigira kuti hurumende dzinogona kuda vavhoti kuti vatevere zvipikirwa zvavo, uye nyika dzakawanda dzine mitemo yokuita kuti izvi zviitwe. Muitiro unodzorwa nezvose zviri zviviri Bumbiro reMitemo reU.S. neElectoral Count ya1887, nechinjo dzemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi muElectoral Count Reformation Act of 20222 utsarutsiro yemistss areationss arect.

Mavambo Ebumbiro Remitemo Nedonzo

Electoral College yakaitwa paConstitution yeConstitution ya1787 sekubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira pakati paavo vaida kuti Congress isarudze purezidhendi naavo vaifarira vhoti yakakurumbira. Vamiriri vamafomu vaiitira hanya kupa simba rakawandisa kudare rehurumende kana kuti kumuvhoti wehurumende asina kudzidza. Vakatarisanawo nezvinetso zvinoshanda: kukurukurirana munyika itsva yose kwakanga kuchinonoka, uye ruvimbiko rwenharaunda rwaigona kukanganisa chinzwano chorudzi.

Gadziriro yakagadzirirwa kudzikamisa pesvedzero yenyika huru neduku. Kupfurikidza nokuvhota kwakavakirwa paImba neshoo, nyika duku dzakawana mugove wakati wesimba wakaganhurirwa zvikuru pakati pechiverengero chavagari vadzo. Ichi chivako chakanga chiri rutivi rwegadziriro huru yemirairo yaibatanidzawowo uranda nemirairo. Nepo vaFendi vatatu vakaregwa vakapa nyika dzeMadokero mimitezo yokuwedzera muImba(apo kungoko mavhoti evoratori) akawana vanhu vakapinzwa savaranda vatatu vomunhu, gadziriro iyoyo yakagoverwa neMhesvedzero ye 14 pashure peHondo yeChivi.

Nhasi, Electoral College ichiri chinhu chakasimba pakusarudza purezidhendi, chinoramba chichiumba nzira dzokuita nadzo nhimbe, maitiro evavhoti, uye pfungwa dzokuva pamutemo.

Tapuro YeElectoral College Pamutambo Wako

Electoral College inotapura zvikuru kuti kuvhota kwako kunopesvedzera zvikuru sei. Mugadziriro yakakurumbira yokuvhota, vhoti iri yose ingava yakaenzana ku hwerengedzo yenyika. Pasi pegadziriro yazvino, zvisinei, vhoti yako inoshandisa pesvedzero yayo hurusa pamwero wenyika. Mumukundi-hurumende yose, vhoti yako inobetsera kusarudza kuti ndoupi anogamuchira mavhoti ose ehurumende. Kana uchigara muhurumende iyoyo. Kana uchigara muhurumende inotsamira paboka rimwe, vhoti yako ingava netapurirano shoma pamugumisiro worudzi nemhaka yokuti mavhoti enyika inosarudzwa anosarudzwa akarongwa nenzira inobudirira. Nenzira yakapesana, kana uchigara mumugariro unotora wacho unogona kuva usina chokwadi.

Iri simba rakatungamirira kusimbiso kunyika dzinoita nhimbe mukushandiswa kwenhimbe, shanyo dzezvikarakadzo, uye nhau.

Muzviviri zvezvisarudzo zvitanhatu zvokupedzisira zvapurezidhendi .2000 na2016, mudaviri akawina vhoti yakakurumbira munyika yose akarasikirwa nevhoti yeElectoral College. Izvi zvakamutsa gakava guru pamusoro poruramisiro neruramisiro yegadziriro. Nokuda kwavavhoti muboka duku munyika yose vakatsigira muwani wevhoti wakakurumbira, tsika inogona kukangaidzika. Vavhoti vanobetserwa neElectoral College, tsika ingaratidzika kuva inodzivirira mukurwisana noudzvinyiriri hwevoruzhinji uye vanochengeta dzikamo yehurumende.

Nhau dzako dzokuvhota dzakasiana pasi peElectoral College. Kunokosha zvikurusa apo uri rutivi rwemubatanidzwa unowana vhoti dzehurumende yako, uye kunokosha zvikurukuru kana uchigara mumugariro wamakwikwi. Kunyange munyika dzakakotsekana, kuvhota kunogona kuumba madzinza asingadiwi uye kuvimbisana kwezvamatongerwe enyika, asi nzira yakananga kukuva muvatungamiriri inopfuura nomumaruwa anodzorwa.

Kukakavadzana Nokurwisana Nekoreji yeElectoral

Kupopotedzana Kunofadza

Vatsigiri veElectoral College vanotaura kuti inodzivirira fariro dzenyika duku uye dzisina vanhu vakawanda. Pasina izvozvo, vanokwikwidzana, vanoda vangaisa pfungwa dzavo panzvimbo dzemaguta makuru, vachifuratira nharaunda dzomumaruwa nenzvimbo duku. Gadziriro yacho inokurudzirawo vanoda kuvaka zvikamu zvakafara zvenyika pane kungounganidza vhoti munharaunda shoma. Uyezve, vatsigiri vanoti Electoral College inoita kuti pave nokutsigisa kupfurikidza nokusimbisa gadziriro yezvikamu zviviri zvematunhu uye kuiomesa kuti ive yakaoma zvikuru nokuda kwavanoda kuhwina. Chikumbaridzo chakajeka chama 270 chevatori vorudzo chinobetsera kudzivisa kusarutswa uye kuita mavhotera angagona kumuka mumasangano akasiana - siyana.

Chimwe chibvumikiso ndechokuti Electoral College ine tapuro yekusarudza kupfurikidza nokuganhurira makakatanwa kuhurumende imwe neimwe. Zviono nedenho dzapamutemo, kana aitika, zvinoganhurirwa kunyika shomanene dzine miuyo inokakavadzana, panzvimbo pokuda kurondedzerwa kwerudzi. Sarudzo ye 2000 muFlorida muenzaniso wakatanhamara: gakava racho rakanga riri muhurumende imwe, uye Supreme Court yakapedza nhau yacho. Muhurumende yakakurumbira, sarudzo yapedyo ingagona kuparira chiverengero chose munyika yose, kuchiparira nyongano yetsika.

Kurwisana

Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti Electoral College inoputsa nheyo yehurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa nomunhu mumwe, vhoti imwe. Uremu hwevhoti imwe neimwe hunosiyana zvikuru pakati penyika. Somuenzaniso, muvhoti muWyoming, ine vhoti nhatu dzevagari vanenge 580 000, ine simba revhoti remuvhoti muCalifornia, rine 54 vhoti dzevagari vemo vanenge mamiriyoni 39. Uku kusaenzana kunoreva kuti vavhoti mumibatanidzwa mishomanene vane simba rokuvhoti inodzorwa neinopetwa nekanei.

Vatambi vanonongedzerawo kubviro yokuwina mukwikwidziridziri apo anorasikirwa nevhoti yakakurumbira, iyo vanotaura kuti inosekesa kuva pamutemo kunofungidzirwa kwomukundi uye inobvisa chivimbo chavanhu mugadziriro yevhota. Mukundi anotora migove yose munyika zhinjisa anogona kuita kuti vadaviri vasave nesimba apo vanokwanisa kufuratira zvikamu zvikuru zvenyika. Somuenzaniso, muna 2016, matatu maviri ezvirongwa zvose zvenhimbe musarudzo aiitika munyika nhanhatu chete. Ikoku kunogona kusiya muruwa rusina kudzorwa uye kunyanyova nokubatanidzwa.

Nyika dzinokwidza dzinova zvipfuro zvehondo dzepamutemo pamusoro pezvinodiwa nemuvhoti, kubvisa mapepa anovhota, nedzimwe nyaya, nokuti kuchinja kuduku kunoitwa munyika yacho kunogona kuchinja mugumisiro wenyika.

Basa Rokuumba Nyika Muchisarudzo chaPrezidhendi

Nyika dzesung − dzinonziwo nyika dzehondo kana kuti dzepepuru — ndidzo idzo mucheto wevhoti uri pedyo nguva dzose uye zvimwe zvikamu zvikuru zvinoda kuhwina zvine bviro chaiyoiyo yokuwina. Idzi nyika dzinokwezva ruzhinjisa rwenhamburiko dzenhimbe, shanyo dzedavi, uye nharidzano dzinobuda.

Mepu yeElectoral College inochinja nokufamba kwenguva sezvo nhamba dzevanhu uye kutsigira zvematongerwe enyika zvichichinja. Mumakumi maviri emakore apfuura, nyika dzakadai seColorado neVirginia dzakabva panzvimbo yehondo dzichienda kuDhemocratic, nepo nyika dzakadai seOhio neIowa dzakarerekera kuRepublican pashure pokukwikwikwidzwa zvikuru. Rust Belt yeMichigan, Pennsylvania, neWisconsian; Sun Belt yeGeorgia, Georgia, Nevada, neNorth Carolina; uye dzimwe nguva Minnesota neNew Hampreshi.

Iyi ngwariro pachiverengero chakaganhurirwa chemiitiro mishomanene. Vagadziri kazhinji kazhinji vanogadziridza zvikuva zvavo kuti vakwidzire kuvavhoti venyika, kutanga nhau dzakadai sokugadzira muRust Belt, maruramiro emvura muSouthwest, uye mari yokugara muNevada. Voter munyika dzakakotsekana. "Blue blue kana kuti red" vangawana itiro hanya dzavo dzadzo dzataurwa zvakananga nemhaka yokuti vvuori vavo vakatopfigwa.

Kuvavhoti vari munyika dzinodzorwa, Electoral College inodzosa inzwi ravo. Vhoti imwe muhurumende yakakamukana zvikuru inogona kupesvedzera mutevedzeri uyo anogamuchira mavhoti ose ehurumende iyoyo. Ndosaka nhimbe dzichishandisa zvikuru kwazvo munyika idzodzi, uye nei muvhoti achivhota uye midzi youswa yakakomba zvikuru imomo.

Zvikarakadzo Zvokuchinja uye Chibvumirano CheNational Interstate

Nemhaka yokuti kubvisa Electoral College kunoda kugadziridzwa kwebumbiro remitemo (jeri remitemo) kunoraira vhoti yezvikamu zviviri muzvitatu mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri dzeCongress uye kuparadzwa nedzitatu nedzine dzenyika dzacho) kwakaoma mune zvematongerwe enyika. Zvisinei, zvikarakadzo zvinoverengeka zvokuchinja zvakaiswa mberi.

Chinotsiva chakatanhamara zvikurusa iNational Popular Vote Interstate Compact (NPVIC). Ichi chibvumirano pakati pehurumende dzinotora rutivi kuvhota dzavo dzose kuvavhoti vavo vanosarudza vanowana vvutani hwakakurumbira hwerudzi, pasinei zvapo nomuuyo uri munyika yavo vamene. Kotanyo yacho ingangova bedzi inoshanda nyika dzinomirira kana bedzi mavhoti 270 evota akasarudzwa akabatana. Sa 2024, inotendi yavanetseregi 209 vavhoti vakasarudzwa vamavhoti. Kana chikumbano chacho chikasvikwa, mukundi wevhoti yakakurumbira yenyika yose aizozvidira nokuzvidira kuchengeteka Elctoral College yoruzhinji, achishandisa zvinobudirira vhoti yorudzi rwakakurumbira pasina kuvhotera pamutemo.

Vatsigiri vanotsinhira kuti NPVIC ingabvisa bviro yokuwina sachigaro pasina vhoti yakakurumbira, kuva nechokwadi choukombi hwakaenzana nokuda kwevhoti iri yose munyika yose, uye kuita nhimbe dzinokwikwidzana munyika 50 dzose. Vashori vanotaura kuti kubatanidzwa kwaizoputsa mudzimu wetsika yehurumende, kwaigona kutarisana nedenho dzapamutemo, uye kungava nyore kuhondo dzehurumende kana hurumende ichida kubvisa. Konsita yacho haisati yaedzwa mudare, uye murairo wayo unoramba uri nhau yekurukurirano pakati penyanzvi dzemitemo.

Zvimwe zvikarakadzo zvokuchinja zvinobatanidza kuvhota kunoitwa neruwa rwedare, sezvakaitwa naMaine naNebraska; kushandisa gadziriro yemibayiro; kana kuti kuwedzera nhamba yavavhoti kuti varatidzire zviri nani chiverengero chavagari vemo. Pamwero wehurumende, mitezo yeCongress yakasuma panhambo nenhambo kugadziridza kwebumbiro remitemo kuti iparadze Electoral College, asi hapana yakasvika pedyo nokupfuura.

Zvinorehwa Nezvisarudzo Zvomunguva Yemberi

Electoral College ichapfuurira kuumba sarudzo yapurezidhendi nokuda kwenguva yemberi inodeya kuonekwa. Chinjo dzemademographic, kubatanidza kukura kwechiverengero chavagari vemo muSouth neMadokero, zviri kuchinja zvishoma nezvishoma mepu yevhota. Manyika akadai seTexas neFlorida ari kuwana zvigaro zvedare rokuvhota (naizvozvo mavhoti akasarudzwa muRust Belt neNorthast zviri kurasikirwa nazvo. Ikoku kugona kuchinja kuti nyikairangarirwa kuva nzvimbo dzehondo mumakumi amakore ari kuuya.

Kuvimbisana kwevoter muElectoral College kunoramba kuchikosha. Mumaruwa anofamba, kunyange majana maduku anogona kuziva mugumisiro wacho. Mumaruwa akakotsekana, vavhoti vanogona kuva nepesvedzero yakasimba pamijaho yemabhora yeDare, Imba, mubatanidzwa wehurumende, uye mahofisi omunzvimbomo, uyewo pamarongedzero ezvirongwa. Kunzwisisa Electoral College kunobetserawo vavhoti kuti vazive nzira yenhimbe: chikonzero nei vanoda kushanyira nzvimbo dzakati, chikonzero nei vachisimbisa nhau dzakananga, uye nei vamwe vanhu vachiwana ngwariro shoma.

Vavhoti vanoda kuti inzwi ravo rive netapuro huru, kugara vaziviswa pamusoro pomugariro wavo wehurumende(makwikwi kana kuti zvakakotsekana) uye kuvhota musarudzo iri yose inzira yakananga zvikurusa yokutora rutivi nayo. Sangano rakaoma zvikuru, asi inoramba iri gadziriro apo hurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yekaresa yenyika inosarudza mutungamiriri wayo.

Maidi Makuru Pamusoro Pekoreji yeElectoral

  • Kune vavhoti 538 vakazara, vanowirirana nemitezo yeImba 435, vasandendi 100, uye vavhoti vatatu veRuwa rweColumbia.
  • Munhu anoda kuvhota nevavhoti 270 kuti awane purezidhendi.
  • Mumaruwa akawanda, mazita avo anowanika papepa rokuvhota padivi pomutungamiriri wehurumende.
  • Maine naNebraska vanoshandisa nzira yeruwa yeColumbia.
  • Muitiro wacho unorongwa muBumbiro reMitemo reUnited States, zvikurukuru muChikamu II, Chikamu 1, Findment yechi12, uye 23 Amendment.
  • Electoral Count Reform Act ya 2022 miitiro yakavandudzwa nokuda kwokuverenga mavhoti akasarudzwa, ichijekesa basa romutevedzeri wapurezidhendi uye ichimutsa mukana wokuramba vhoti yomumakamuri ose ari maviri eCongress.
  • Vavhoti vasina kutenda — avo vanosarudza mukurwisana nemhiko yavo — haiwanzowaniki, uye Dare Rapamusorosoro rakatsigira maruramiro ehurumende okuita kuti zvipikirwa zviitwe nokuranga vatadzi.
  • Electoral College yave iri nhau yezvigadziridzo zvebumbiro remitemo zvinopfuura 700 zvakakarakadzwa muCongress, kupfuura imwe nhau ipi neipi, bva hapana yapfuura.
  • Muzvisarudzo zviviri pazvitanhatu zvokupedzisira (2000 na2016), akakunda Electoral College haana kuhwina vhoti yakakurumbira yenyika.
  • Gadziriro yacho yakagadzirwa murutivi sokubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira pakati pehurumende huru neduku paConvention yeBumbiro reMitemo ra 1787 uye murutivi secherekedzo pahurumende inosarudzwa navanhu zvakananga.

Mupeto: Chidzidzo Chako Mukati Megadziriro

Electoral College inoramba iri rimwe ramativi akakakavadzana zvikurusa ehurumende yeAmerica inosarudzwa navanhu. Inoita kuti pesvedzero yavavhoti munyika dzinochinja, ipe simba renyika duku zvikuru remwero, uye inovimbisa kuti vanokwikwidza sapurezidhendi vanofanira kuvaka mibatanidzwa mikuru yenzvimbo. Bva inoparirawo kupesana musimba rokuvhota, inobvumira bviro yokuwana kwakakurumbira kuhwina denderment, uye mikoto inosimudzira simba rakaganhurirwa mugadziriro yehondo.

Nokuda kwavavhoti vamwe navamwe, tsika inoreva kuti simba revhoti yako rinotsamira parutivi paunogara. Ikoko hakuiti kuti vhoti yako ive isina revo; kunoreva kuti vhoti yako inoshanda mukati megadziriro yehurumende yakavharwa. Kunzwisisa kuti Electoral College inoshanda sei kunokubetsera kuona apo vhoti yako inowirirana, nei nhimbe dzichiita sezvadzinoita, uye kuti injoi dzingachinja tsika yazvino uno. Kana gadziriro inopfuurira kana kuti inochinja, chiito chinokosha chokuvhota chinoramba chiri chorutivi rwokutora rutivi rwedemocracy.

Kudzidza zvakawanda, nzvera National Archives dzeElctoral College , verenga Brennan Center] kunzvera kwezvikarakadzo zvokuvandudza [, uye nzvera Conference of State Legislatures yemitemo yehurumende [[]. Manyuko aya anogovera mashoko ane chiremera, asingatsigiri pagadziriro inoumba dare rehurumende riri rose.