Dare reUnited States harisi kamuriwo zvaro romutemo; muchina unosanorongwa unogadzirwa kumirira nyika zvakaenzana uye kurangarira kwokumanikidza pamusoro poutongi husati hwaitwa. Kunzwisisa udzori hweAmerica kunzwisisa vhoti yeDare. Kusafanana neImba yavamiririri, umo mitemo inodzorwa zvakasimba nevakuru vakuru vakapfava zvinotekesherwa, Dare rinoshanda parusando rwetsika uye kumira mitemo inopa simba mutambi mumwe nomumwe. Nyaya inopa kuputsika kwemavhotirorororo edare, kubva pahofisi yetsika inomirira kuzita repositi rezvikwerekedzo zvinotora 60-vo zvakakwirira zvinodikanirwa kukurira chitengo chikuru chemitemo.

Simba Remitemo Nerevo Rokudzidzisa Romubatanidzwa Wedare

Simba rokuvhota nechimiro cheDare zvakatangwa muChikamu I cheBumbiro reMitemo reU. Article I, Chikamu 3 pakuvamba zvakagoverwa nokuda kwokuvhota kwaMasangano eSangano nemitemo yehurumende, muitiro wakaramba uripo kusvikira kurudzo rwe rwa17] Amendement [ muna 1913], iyo yakaraira sarudzo yakakurumbira. Simba reDare rokuvhota mutemo rinojeka mu [[FL: 4.] Claus (IFLT, Chikamu I, Chikamu 7) [FOct: 5,], inoda kuti pamutemo iri yose ipfuure navose ipo paImba reSangano rePrenceignertive igaro kana kuti igone.

Kupfuura mutemo wetsika, Bumbiro reMitemo rinopa Dare rakasiana " masimba echiNgezi neConnect". Ikoku kunoda zvikumbaridzo chaizvo zvezvibvumirano (zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvezvibvumirano zviripo) uye nokuda kwokusimbiswa kwemibatanidzwa yevakuru vakuru nedare (voruzhinji, kutoti kana mufilibbuster aiswa).

Dare rinoshanda pasi pemutumbi wechigarire wemirau inozivikanwa se Kumira Mitemo yeDare . Iyi mitemo inowedzerwa nemienzaniso, zvibvumirano zvinobvumirana, uye kushandiswa kwapanhambo nenhambo kwe "chisarudzo chenyukireya" kuchinja tsananguro dzinoitwa nevoruzhinji vakapfava. Mitemo yazvino yakarongwa ndokugamuchirwa mukupera kwamazana amakore echi 1972 nakuma20, nechinjo dzinokosha dzinoitika muna 1917 (kuchinja kwechikumbaridzo chedavi) uye 1975 (kushandiswa kwechikumbaridzo kubva kumatatu kusvikira kumatatu-51).

Zvikamu zveMisangano yeDare: Mitoo Yechisarudzo

Nzira iyo vhoti inotorwa nayo muDare kazhinji kazhinji inokosha somuuyo wacho.

Vote yenzwi (Viva Voce)

Mutoo unozivikanwa zvikurusa nounopfupikisa ivhoti yenzwi. Mukuru mukuru anobvunza: "Vose vanoda vanoti 'Yea'." (Vamiririri vanopindura kuti 'Yea.") "Vaya vanoramba vanopindura. (Vatongi vanopindura kuti Nha."). Mutungamiriri wedare ipapo anotonga kuti rutivi rupi rune simba. Uyu mutoo unoshandiswa nokuda kwenhau dzisiri dzenguva dzose dzakadai sezvisarudzo zvenguva dzose, kuchengeta, kana kuti zvikwereti zviduku. Hapana chinyorwa chimwe nechimwe chevhoti yeSinator. Mutongi upi noupi anogona kuraira runhare kuti anyorese.

Kukamukana (Kumira Mutsetse)

Kana mugumisiro wekuvhota kwenzwi usina kujeka kana kuti kana muSanita akaubvunza, boka rinogona kukumbirwa. Mukuru mukuru anokumbira Sanita kuti amire uye averengerwe, ateverwa naavo vanoshora.Izvi zvinopa nhamba hurusa yaavo vanoda uye vanorwisana nayo, asi mazita haanyorwi mumagazini yehurumende.

Rolla Call Plane Vote (Akagadzirirwazve)

Iyi ndiyo nzira yokutanga nokuda kwomutemo mukuru, kumutsa nharo, uye kutora. Kuvhota kunodzorwa kunoda zita reSanitor imwe neimwe kuti inzi mabhii, uye vhoti yavo yakanyorwa mu Conforional Record[[[FLT:]]. Kubvira muna 1965, Dare rashandisa gadziriro yokuvhotera yemagetsi. Kana foni inodzokororwa ichidanwa, Santetor dzine 15 maminiti okuisa kadhi ravo rokuvhotera muimwe yezviteshi zveteshi. Migumisiro inoratidzwa pakarepo pamabhodhi makuru emagetsi. Mapepanhau, vanhu vakawanda, uye mapoka anoongorora kuvhotera kuti aone nzvimbo yeSantellia. Munogona kunzvera chinyorwa chehurumende [FFFFF]

Kubvuma Kuitirwa Rupo (UC)

Kubvuma kweSangano reSangano reSangano reSangano rinobvumira dare kushanda zvakanaka. Nemhaka yokuti Dare rine tsika yekurukurirano isina kuganhurirwa, Mutengi mumwe anogona kuramba chikumbiro ndokumisa fambiro mberi. Kudzivisa kuvhota nguva panhau dzenguva dzose, Mutungamiriri kana kuti murongi achakumbira kubvuma vose kubvumira mutemo kana kuti kupfuudzira kumutemo. Kana pasina zvinhu zveSantete, chikumbiro chinopfuvura. zvimwe zvinhu zveSantator [, chikumbiro cheUC chinokundikana, uye Dare rinofanira kudzorera kumuitiro wetsika. Somuenzaniso, "ndinokumbira kuti abvumire kuti Dare ripedze kurangarira kwokukurumidza.]

Kudana Kwokutyaira

Kazhinji kazhinji yakarasika nokuda kwokuvhota, danidzo yedemorum muitiro unoshandiswa kutanga kuvapo kwevazhinji veveSenator (51) vanodikanirwa kuitisa bhizimisi. Mubharani anodana mupumburu kuti aone kuti vanopinda.

Gadziriro Yomutemo Yokupa Mashoko: Kubva Kukufamba Kuenda Kukupfuura Kwokupedzisira

Kunzwisisa kuti mutongo unobva sei kubva pakutanga kusvika kuvhoti yokupedzisira kunoda kunzwisisa nhano dzakananga dzinorondedzera rangariro yeDare.

Kuda Kupfuurira

Dare risati ragona kutokurukura mutongo, rinofanira kubvumirana kuutora. Mutungamiriri weMajority anopa mirangariro yokupfuurira kurangarirwa kwechibvumirano chakananga. Uku kufamba kumene kunodzikira. Ikoku kunoreva kuti vashomanene vanogona kufamba kuti vapfuurire, vachidzivisa pamutemo kubva pakusvikira nguva dzose pauriri. Ichi ndicho chiteshi chokutanga chikuru chenzira yetsika yechinhu chipi nechipi chinomutsa nharo.

Muitiro weFimendement: "Vote-arama" uye chiGerman

Kana chibvumirano cheUC changova pauriri, Senators dzinogona kupa kugadziriswa kwemari. Izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kumuitiro wokugadziridza kwapashoma napashoma, zvinoreva kuti Senator dzinogona kupa kugadziriswa kwenhau ipi neipi, kutoti kana chibvumirano cheUC chikarambidza kubatana (kutsiva kugadziriswa kwechibvumirano). Izvi zvingatungamirira ku "" kudzora marama" kutopota ] kupfumbira nokukurumidza kudzokera kudzokorora kudzo kudzoka kumashure kudzo. Uku kunowanzova kudzoresa mutengo wemari inodzorwa mubhadhadhadharo, apo kurukurirano inoganhurirwa nomutemo [FFFOT] kupfurikidza nomutemo.[3][Flat]

Mutambo Wokupfuura Wokupedzisira

Pashure pokunge gadziridzo dzose dzabviswa, Dare rinovhota pakupfuura kwokupedzisira kwemutongo wacho (kana kuti chisarudzo chokuparadza chibvumirano). Mutungamiriri anomutsa mubvunzo, kuti: "Mubvunzo uri parinonyorwa pamutemo. Vose vanodana vanoti 'Yea'." Kana danidzo yokunyora yarairwa, munyori achadana munyorero wemabhii, uye Senators vhota "Yeya," "Nay," kana kuti "Mupi wezvipo". Chinodikanwa chebumbiro chemitemo nokuda kwechinjo (51 Sangers) chinofanira kuvapo nokuda kwokuvhotera kuti chive chapamutemo.

Tsaona: Kupfava kwakapfava.

Rutivi rwakakomba rwovhoti yeDare ndirwo runodikanwa kupfuura. Dare razvino uno rinoshanda pasi pezvikumbaridzo zvikuru zvitatu, uye kuzvinzwisisa kunokosha kunzwisisa kuoma kwomutemo kwenzvimbo yokutonga.

Mazita Makuru Akapfava (50% + 1)

Zviito zvakawanda zvenguva dzose zvinoda bedzi voruzhinji vavasarudzi varipo navanovhota, kutora sango riripo. Ikoku kunobatanidza kupfuudza mutengi, kugamuchira kugadziridzwa, kuvhota mutungamiriri mukuru, uye kusimbisa kudzorwa kwavakuru vakuru zvikurusa namatare kubvira pa "chisarudzo chenyukleere" yakakumbirwa muna 2013 na2017. Kana vhoti iri 51-50, Purezidhendi anogona kuputsa tayi. Kana vhoti iri 50-50, vhoti yaPrezidheni weSangano reSarente inogovera voruzhinji.

Musiyano Wematatu Unonzi 60 Votes – Filibuster neCloture

Irworwu rutivi rumwe runokosha zvikurusa rwedare razvino uno. Filibuster inzira yokutambanudza nayo kurukurirano kunonotsa kana kuti kudzivisa vhoti papepa kana kuti kuisa unani. Kumisa ficialbuster, Dare rinofanira kukumbira [ .[FLT]] pasi po [[FLT:]] RULEIXI [[FFF:5]]

Nhoroondo: Mubati akabuda netsaona muna 1806 apo Dare rakabvisa kufambiswa kwenhau kwa"kare, nokusaziva achibvisa nzira yokugumisa nayo nharo. Kwezana ramakore rechi19, fibster aida Sinator kuti abate uriri. Kutonga kwazvino uno kwakaumbwa muna 1917. Muna 1975, chikuva chakadzikiswa kubva pa2-3, uye kuvhotera kusvikira kumitatu yeSatina yakasarudzwa nenzira yokuchenjera uye kupika.[[FLT]]

Muitiro:[[FLT: 1] Kuda kuti kuvhundumuka kuitwe, chikumbiro chinofanira kusainwa na 16 Senators. Mazuva maviri gare gare, Dare rinovhota pakufamba kwekunzwa. Kana 60 vasatakuri vavhotera kukumbira kuvhara, gakava rinoganhurirwa kumaawa 30. Kana kufamba kwegundano kukundikana, finbuster inopfuurira, uye muromo wacho wakafa nenzira inobudirira.

Nemhaka yokuti mwana anogona kuiswa panenge mutemo upi noupi wedavi, Dare rinoda nenzira inobudirira 60-vara guru kuti ripfuure zvikwereti zvikuru zvemiitiro. Ndicho chikonzero nei Dare rinowanzorondedzerwa se "60-pfuvurisa " nokuda kwetsananguro ine udzame yemhindumupindu yegwara, ona Mushumo weSangano reRession on rescurence on Filibusters neCloT.

Vaviri Vane Thirths (67 Votes)

Chikumbaridzo chikurusa chinodikanwa nokuda kwebhizimisi renguva dzose ruzhinji rwamaSanita varipo navanovhota (kana kuti vomuviri wakazara, zvichitsamira pachiito). Ikoku kunodikanwa nokuda kwa:

  • [[[Nto:0] Kugoverwa kweChinyorwa: Kunoda maSanders akawanda (67 kana ose aripo).
  • [ Ratiation: Chikamu II chinoda "Mazano nebvumirano zveDare, zvinogoverwa zvikamu zviviri zvezvitatu zvaMakurukota aripo zvinobvumirana.
  • Constituanical Amendments: Kupfuura kwechigadziridzo chinokarakadzwa chebumbiro remitemo kunoda mativi maviri matatu mazhinjisa emakamuri ose ari maviri.
  • VETO DZOUROVA: Kukwidziridza mutungamiriri wehurumende kunoda vhoti yezviviri yezvitatu yezvose zviri zviviri Imba neDare.

Kusarudza Kwenyukireya uye Kutonga Kwemabhird

"Nuclear Trap" igadziriro yeparamende inobvumira Dare kuchinja mitemo yaro kupfurikidza nevhoti yakapfava, kupfuvura chinodikanwa chenguva dzose chemitemo. Yakashandiswa muna 2013 kubvisa chinodikanwa 60-varatizo chekutungamirira uye chedare rokutonga (kunze kweDare Rapamusorosoro). Yakashandiswazve muna 2017 kuibvisa nokuda kweMitemo yeDare Rapamusoro. [[FLT: 0] Byrd Ruramor Chinoparo cha 60 chemite ye "maganhuro echitsarudzo yemariso yeyamuro, iyo inodzivisa kuidzosera.

Basa Rapurezidhendi Mukuru: Mutambo Wechi 51

Vice Purezidhendi weUnited States anoshanda se Mutungamiriri weDare. Pasi pa. Muchikamu Article I, Chikamu 3, Claus 4, Mutungamiriri weSangano rePrezidhendi "achave asina Vote, kutoti zvakaenzana. Kuvhota kusingawanzo asi kwave kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Mutungamiriri wehurumende haagoni kuvhotera kugadzira tayi; anogona kuvhota bedzi kuputsa. Ikoku kunoreva kuti Mutungamiriri wehurumende anogona kuisa vhoti pachatengi kana kuti chibvumirano chakafa 50%. Simba iri rakashandiswa zvakaenzana munhau yose, asi razova rakatanhamara zvikuru munguva yebato 50. Nhamba yenhau inokamuraniswa yenhau. [5]

Masuo Edare: Suo Rokutanga

Pamberi pechisarudzo chipi nechipi kana kuti kudzorwa kunosvika pauriri hweDare rakazara, rinofanira kupukunyuka vhoti. Dare rinokamurwa kuva matare 20 akamira (muchirevo, mari, Foreign Relations, Administrations). Matare anova namarusando okuranga . Mukati mechipoti, mitezo yedare pakugadziriswa nokuguma kwepepa mukati medare. Kana dare rikavhota kushuma bhii zvakanaka, rinoenda kukarenda yakazara. Rota mudare (kana kuti rivhotese) rinouraya chaizvoizvo mutongo nokuda kwedare iroro. dare rinovhotera chiratidzo chakasimba chemitemo yedare.

Kupedzisa: Kubudirira Kunoita Kusarudza Kunoitwa neDare

Kunzwisisa mavhoti eDare kunoda kuronda zvinhu zvitatu zvinochinja: mutoo wokuvhota (ridivi, divi, kudana kwamashoko), chikumbaridzo chinodikanwa (voruzhinji, vatatu, vatatu, vatatu), uye mashoko akapoteredza (kupfuurira, kukanda, chikamu chokupedzisira). Dare rinogadzirwa kuva kamuri rinononoka, rinobvisa muganhu mukuru. Mitemo yaro inodzora boka duku neSanitor mumwe nomumwe kusvikira kumwero usingaoneki mudzimba zhinjisadoma. Masimba aya anobvumirana pane zvisina kufanira, asi anogonawo kutungamirira kukuva nzvimbo inodzorwa.

Gakava rinopfuurira pamusoro pechinosarudzwa navana, mutemo wekodzero dzokuvhota, uye kushandiswa kwechisarudzo chenyukireya rinosimbisa kuti mitemo yeDare haisati iri mitemo inowirirana asi nzvimbo yehondo yezvamatongerwe enyika ipenyu. Kutarira vhoti yeDare kuona mubatanidzwa wechess wamakore 200 apfuura.