Electoral College Chii?

Electoral College muitiro wakagadzwa nebumbiro remitemo uyo United States inosarudza nawo purezidhendi wayo uye mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi. Panzvimbo pokuvhota kwakananga munyika yose, gadziriro inotsamira paboka ravavhoti vakasarudzwa nehurumende imwe neimwe vanovhotera vavhozhokera vavhozhokeri nenzira yakarongwa. Iyi nhanho yava rutivi rwasarudzo yeAmerica chifo chokuvamba kwenyika, uye kunzwisisa kuti inoshanda sei kunokosha nokuda kwomuvhoti ari wose anoda kuona kuti muvhoti wavo anobatana sei nomuuyo wokupedzisira.

Apo unosarudza muvhota yapurezidhendi, hausati uri kuvhotera zvakananga nokuda kwavada kubhapatidzwa vamene. Panzvimbo pezvo, uri kuvhota nokuda kwechitupa chavavhoti avo vakavimbisa kutsigira mudariro chaiye. Ava vavhoti vanosangana ipapo mumadzimbahwe avo ehurumende kuti vavhote, ayo gare gare anoverengwa neCongress. Chiverengero chavavhoti ndi 538, chinoratidzira hwerengedzo yezvigaro muCongress (vation Vamiri vama, 100) navavhotera vatatu veWashington, D.C. Kuwina vavhoterani vakachengeteka, muvhoti 270.

Chimiro ichi chinoreva kuti vhoti yakakurumbira yenyika haisarudzi zvakananga mukundi. Panzvimbo pezvo, makwikwi anorwiwa nehurumende, nevhoti dzehurumende imwe neimwe dzinopiwa pakavakirwa pamugumisiro wevhoti yakakurumbira iri muhurumende iyoyo. Iyi gadziriro inodzikamisa noune simba pakati pehurumende nevagari vemo vakawanda nevaduku, ichipa mamiriro ezvinhu ose ane revo mugumisiro pasinei noukuru hwadzo.

Kushanda Kwakaita Electoral College Operate Nhasi

Kusarudza Varapi

Hurumende imwe neimwe inogadza mutoo wayo imene wokusarudza vavhoti. Mutsika, mabato ezvamatongerwe enyika muhurumende imwe neimwe anoisa zvisarudzo zvavavhoti pakokorodzano dzebato rebato kana kuti kupfurikidza namatare ebato. Ava vavhoti vatsigiri vamazita vakavimbika chaizvoizvo, vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa, kana kuti vashingairi venguva refu vanogona kuvimbwa kuti vavhotere vamanine. Paunokanda bhosvo rako nokuda kwapurezidhendi, uri kusarudza nenzira inobudirira kuti chisaririrai chavavhoti vachamirira nyika yako.

Mukundi Anotonga Zvose

Mune 48 Washington, D.C., mutsigiri anowana vhoti hurusa muhurumende iyoyo anogamuchira mavhoti ake ose evhoti. Ikoku kunonongedzerwa kwazviri segadziriro inokunda-zvose. Maine neNebraska bedzi vanoshandisa nzira yakasiana, vanoshandisa vhoti mbiri dzakasarudzwa kumukundi wehurumende yose uye vhoti imwe kumukundi weruwa rumwe norumwe. Uyu anowana-zvose igadziriro imwe inokosha zvikurusa yeEllectoral College nemhaka yokuti anonangidzira ngwariro kusimba rose rehurumende shure kwomutambi mumwe, achiita muuyo muhurumende imwe neimwe yechinhu chose.

Kusvika Mujaho 270

Nemhaka yokuti hwerengedzo yamavhoti akasarudzwa inogadzwa pa 538, muda kubhapatidzwa anoda chaizvoizvo 270 kutaura kuva purezidhendi. Ichi chikuva chinomirira ruzhinji rweElectoral College. Kana pasina munyumwiri anosvika 270, sarudzo inosarudzwa neImba yaVamiririri, nenhume imwe neimwe yehurumende ichivhota mumwe. Ikoku kwakaitika kaviri bedzi munhau yeAmerica, muna 1800 na 1824, asi bviro yacho inoramba iri pamutemo inomira muchinoitika chechisarudzo chakakamuraniswa zvikuru.

Kuronga kwemaSangano 270 enhimbe kunopfuura zvimwe zvinhu zvose. Majekiseni anonangidzira mari yawo pazvikamu zvidukusa nyika apo muuyo wacho usina chokwadi, unozivikanwa senzvimbo yehondo kana kuti nyika dzinokwikwidza, panzvimbo pokuedza kuwedzera vhoti yenyika yakakurumbira. Izvi zvinosimbisa batano pakati pevhoti yako neElectoral College: nhau dzako zvikurusa apo dzinobetsera kubvisa nharaunda inokwikwikwidzanwa kubva kumunhu mumwe kuenda kune mumwe.

Kubatana Kwakananga Pakati Pemashoko Ako NeElectoral College

Kushandura Kunoita Bhallet Yako Kuzvidzokorora

Vhoti iri yose inoiswa muvhota yapurezidhendi inobatira somuraidzo kuvasaruri vehurumende. Apo voruzhinji vavavhoti munyika vanosarudza muvhoti, vavhoti vehurumende vanosungwa nomutemo kana kuti mubato vimbiso yokuisa vhoti dzavo dzakasarudzwa nokuda kwomuvhoti. Ikoku kunoreva kuti vhoti yako yomunhu oga inodzorwa nezviuru kana kuti mamirioni avamwe kuti vasarudze muwiri wenyika yose, uye uyo ipapo anowana chisarudzo chose chevhoti yomutongi pasi pomukundi anotora mutemo wose.

Iyi nhevedzano yokuvhota yakananga uye inosunga pamutemo. Vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanozivisa miuyo yakakurumbira yokuvhota, gavhuna anoratidza magwaro enzvero enzvero akarongwa vavhoti vanohwina, uye vavhoti vanoungana muna December kuti varase mavhoti avo. Muitiro wose unobva mumamirioni avanhu vamwe navamwe anokandirwa munyika, kubatanidza yenyu.

Tapuro Yenzvimbo yeHurumende

Revo yovhoti yako inotsamira zvikuru pahurumende ipi yaunogara mairi. Vavhoti muhurumende dzinosanokwikwidza nyika vane bviro huru zvikuru yokutapura muuyo wevhoti kupfuura vavhoti mumashoko ayo anotsamira nguva dzose kuboka rimwe. Somuenzaniso, vhoti yakavhoterwa muPennsylvania, Michigan, kana kuti Arizona inogona kusarudza kuti ndoupi unowana vhoti dzehurumende iyoyo, nepo vhoti yakavhoti muCalifornia kana kuti Texas isingabviri kuchinja mugumisiro wenyika yose.

Uku kusaenzana ndirimwe ramativi anowanzokurukurwa zvikurusa eElectoral College. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti kunoparira nzvimbo yokutamba isina kukodzera umo vavhoti munyika dzakakotsekana vanonzwa varasika, nepo vatsigiri vachiramba kuti gadziriro inodzivirira fariro dzenyika duku uye vanodzivisa vada kuisa ngwariro bedzi panzvimbo huru dzavagari vemo. Pasinei zvapo nokuti unomira pai iyi kurukurirano, kunzwisisa nzvimbo yakaisvonaka yehurumende yako kunokubatsira kuona kuti vhoti yako inobatanidza sei chaizvoizvo muuyo wenyika yose.

Mavambo Enhau Nehwaro Hwebumbiro reMitemo

Nharo YeKokorodzano Yebumbiro reMitemo

Electoral College yakaitwa mukati meConstitution yeBumbiro reMitemo ra 1787 sekubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira pakati paavo vaida kuti Congress asarudze purezidhendi naavo vaida vhoti yakakurumbira. Vavambi vacho vakanga vachiitira hanya zvikuru pamusoro pamapato, mirangariro yenharaunda, uye chinetso chokusarudza rudzi munguva yekurukurirano inononoka uye yokufambisa kwakaganhurirwa. Vainetsekawo kuti nyika dzine vanhu vashoma dzaisazovanzwa murusarudzo rwakananga, vachideredza chivako chehurumende chavaivaka.

James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, uye dzimwe nhume vakakakavadzana zvikarakadzo zvakawanda vasati vagara paElectoral College system. Hamilton akarangarira muFederalist No. 68 kuti gadziriro yacho yaizova nechokwadi chokuti "basa raPrezidhendi harisati richizotongowira kumugariro womunhu upi noupi uyo asina mumwero wakatanhamara wakapiwa zvikwaniriso zvinodikanwa. Sangano yakagadzirirwa kuva ruchero rwechinopa maruramiro pakati pevhoti yakakurumbira nechisarudzo chokupedzisira, kunyange zvazvo mutsika yakashanda zvikurukuru somutoo wokushandura nawo mubato wakakurumbira wehurumende mumiuyo wenyika yose.

Vana Vatatu Vane Chishanu Vanobvumirana Pane Zvisina Kufanira Nenhaka Yacho

Electoral College yakaumbwawo neFoffals Relation, iyo yairangarira vanhu vakapindwa muuranda savane 3-5 vomunhu nokuda kwezvinangwa zvokumiririra uye mitero. Ikoku kwakapa nyika dzokumaodzanyemba simba rokuvhotera pasina kupa vanhu vane maruramiro okuvhota. Nepo maruramiro eFetanu Claus akaparadzwa neMfutunuro ye1443 pashure peHondo yeChizvarwa chavagari vemo, kuchinjika kwenhau pakati peElectoral College neuranda kunoramba kuri rutivi runokosha rwenhaka yetsika nechinhu chimwe chinhu mukurukurirano dzinopfuurira pamusoro pekutenderwa kwayo.

Nokufamba kwenguva, Electoral College yakachinja nokuchinja kwebumbiro remitemo uye kuchinja kwenzvimbo yehurumende. Twelfth Amendment, yakatenderwa muna 1804, yakahwirudzura nzira yokusarudza purezidhendi nemutevedzeri wapurezidhendi pashure pejambwa ramakwikwi ane nharo ra1900. Dare reMakumi maviri neThird Amendment, rakabvumirwa muna 1961, rakapiwa vhoti yedare kuWashington, D.C. Pasinei zvapo neichinjo idzi, chivako chamanyuko chakaramba chakatsigarirana zvikuru kwamazana maviri amakore.

Kufunga Kusina Kunaka Pamusoro peElectoral College

Ngano Yakakurumbira Yorudzi

Vavhoti vazhinji vanofungidzira kuti muvhotisi anogamuchira mavhoti mazhinjisa munyika yose anowana mukurumbira wehurumende. Ikoku hakuna kururama. Electoral College yakabudisa vapurezidhendi vashanu vakarasikirwa nevhoti yakakurumbira yenyika: John Quincy Adams (1824), Rutherford B. Hayes (1888), Benjamin Harrison (1888), George W. Bush000), uye Donald Trump (2016. Izvi zvinoitika apo mutengi anowana masangano akati kuti nemicheto mishoma, achitora mavhoti avo avavhoti, nepo achirasikirwa nedzimwe nyika nemicheto mikuru.

Kunzwisisa uyu musiyano kunokosha nokuda kwokududzira miuyo yesarudzo. Paunonzwa kuti mutsigiri "anogamuchira vhoti yakakurumbira," nhamba iyoyo inoratidzira hwerengedzo yamavhoti avanhu vanopinzwa munyika, asi haisati ichisarudza mukundi. Electoral College ndiye mutsigiri mukuru, uye zvisarudzo zvake ndezvokupedzisira pasinei zvapo nomukaha wevhoti yakakurumbira yenyika.

Sung States v.

Imwe dzidziso isiriyo ndeyokuti kuvhota kune pesvedzero yakaenzana muhurumende iri yose. Zvomenemene, Electoral College inoumba pesvedzero. Mitezo yeSwing, inonziwo nyika dzedarbrock, ndeidziya uko muuyo usina chokwadi uye ungagona kuenda nenzira ipi neipi. Nyika dzakachengeteka, mukupesana, dzinoda nguva dzose. Nemhaka yokuti nhimbe dzinonangidzira upfumi hwadzo pamitengo inodzorwa, vavhoti munyika idzodzo vanogamuchira ngwariro huru, kuzivisa kwakawanda, uye kupararira kukuru. Voters munyika dzakakosha angarangarira kuti mavhotera adzo haana kutsiridza, kunyange zvazvo dzichiri kutsigira kuvaradziro yose uye dzinogona kupesvedzera chiverengero chamarudzi.

Simba iri rakatungamirira kurayira kuti pave nokuchinja, kusanganisira zvikarakadzo zvokutsiva Electoral College nevhoti yakakurumbira yenyika kana kuti kugamuchira National Popular Vote Intertate Community, iyo yaizopa hurumende mitero kuvhoti dzadzo kuvavhoti vakasarudzwa vakakurumbira venyika imwe chete yakakwana kuti vabatane kusvika mavhoti 270 akasarudzwa navavhoti.

Kukakavadzana Nokurwisana Nekoreji yeElectoral

Kupopotedzana Kunofadza

Vatsigiri veElectoral College vanopa pembedzo huru dzakawanda. Chokutanga, gadziriro inodzivirira fariro dzenyika duku kupfurikidza nokuvaka kuti vanoda kuva purezidhendi vanofanira kuvaka mibatanidzwa munyika dzakawanda panzvimbo pokunangidzira ngwariro bedzi panzvimbo dzavagari vemo vakakwirira. Pasina Electoral College, vanoda kukunda vangagona sezvinooneka kukunda kupfurikidza nokudzora maguta makuru mashomanene ndokufuratira nharaunda dzomumaruwa uye vanhu vashoma.

Chechipiri, Electoral College inosimudzira unani kupfurikidza nokudzikamisa muitiro wesarudzo mukati memiganhu yenyika. Hurumende imwe neimwe inotungamirira sarudzo yayo imene, inosimbisa miuyo yayo imene, uye inotumira vasaruri vayo imene. Ichi chimiro chakafanira chinowirirana nenheyo yebumbiro remitemo iyo inotaura kuti inochengeta chiremera chinokosha pamusoro pezvinodzora zvavo vamene.

Chechitatu, gadziriro inokurudzira mibatanidzwa yakafara yapasi. Mudaviri anofanira kuwina nyika dziri munharaunda dzakasiyana - siyana dzenyika kuti asvike mavhoti 270 akasarudzwa, ayo anoparira nhimbe munharaunda dzingafuratirwa neimwe nzira.

Kurwisana

Chinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndechokuti Electoral College inogona kubudisa mukundi asina kugamuchira mavhoti akawanda munyika yose, ayo vakawanda vanoona seasina kusarudzwa nehurumende.

Chechipiri, mukundi anogamuchira mutambo wose anobvisa nenzira inobudirira vavhoti avo vakatsigira mutsigiri anorasikirwa muhurumende yakapiwa. Kana uvhota nokuda kwomuvhoti anouya muhurumende yako yechipiri, vhoti yako haitsigiri chinhu kumuuyo wenyika. Ikoku kunogona kutungamirira kukudzosa muvhoti munyika dzakakotsekana umo muuyo unorangarirwa sewakafanorongwa.

Chechitatu, gadziriro inoparira ngwariro yakakwirira pamusoro penyika dzinochinja, apo chiverengero chiduku chavavhoti chinogona kusarudza muuyo wesarudzo yose. Ikoku kunoparira ngwariro nepfuma zvakakura zvikuru nezvinopiwa kuhurumende apo dzimwe nyika dzinofuratirwa zvikuru.

Kubatsira Kunoita Zvokutaura Zvako

Pasinei zvapo nemhinganidzo dzeElectoral College, vhoti yako haisati iri isina revo. Vhoti iri yose inowedzera kuuwandu hwese hunosarudza muwiridziridziridziridzi wenyika yose. Mumugariro wamakwikwi, mucheto wekukunda unogona kuva chirafu, uye nhau dzose dzechokwadi. Sarudzo ye 2000 muFlorida yakasarudzwa namavhoti 537, uye kuvhota 2020 muGeorgia kwakasarudzwa navavhoti vari pasi pe12 000. Mumaruwa iwayo, muvhoti, muvhoti akasarudzwa oga oga oga oga akasarudza kuti akagamuchira vhoti yehurumende uye, kupfurikidza, akazova purezidhendi.

Kunyange munyika dzakakotsekana, vhoti yako inotumira chiratidzo. Kunoparira kurukurirano yorudzi pamusoro pemiitiro yezvamatongerwe enyika, kunopesvedzera kudzika mijaho yeSamende, Imba, uye mahofisi ehurumende, uye kunoratidzira kuvimbisana kwevagari vemo. Sarudzo dzomunzvimbomo, matanho okuvhota, uye zvigaro zvemapati zvinotsamirawo pavavhoti vamwe chetevo vanotora sarudzo yapurezidhendi. Simba nokupambwa kunotangwa nenhimbe dzapurezidhendi zvinogona kuva netapuro inoparira pabhoroti yose.

Chinhu chinokosha zvikurusa chaunogona kuita ndivota. Electoral College haibvisi simba renzwi rako; inofambisa simba kupfurikidza nourongwa hwenzvimbo yapasi yehurumende hwave huri munzvimbo kwamazana maviri amakore. Kunzwisisa kuti inoshanda sei kunokubetsera kukanda bhora rako nechivimbo nokujeka.

Kusimbisa Inzwi Rako Mumuitiro Wokubudirira

Kushandisa zvakanaka vhoti yako mumashoko akapoteredza eElectoral College, rangarira idzi nhano dzinoshanda. Chokutanga, dzidza kana mugariro wako uri mugariro wokuchinja, mugariro wakakotsekana, kana kuti pakati penzvimbo pakati payo. Iyi zivo inokubatsira kunzwisisa tapuro ye sezvingabvira yevhoti yako uye inogona kutungamirira bvumirano yako nenhimbe namapoka okuda kudzora.

Chechipiri, kutora rutivi musarudzo dzehurumende nedzenharaunda. Electoral College haitsivi dzimwe nzira dzakawanda dzinoumba nadzo hurumende.

Chechitatu, gara uchiziva nezvechinjo dzinokarakadzwa. Kukurukurirana pamusoro peElectoral College kunopfuurira muCongress, masangano okugadza mitemo ehurumende, uye vanhu vedzidzo. Kana uchitsigira tsika yazvino, unoda vhoti yakakurumbira yenyika, kana kuti unoda kuona zvimwe mitoo yakadai sokugoverwa kwevhoti dzinosarudzwa nevoruzhinji, inzwi rako rinoramba richikurukurwa pamusoro pokusarudza kunoita America vatungamiriri vayo.

Chechina, betsera vamwe kunzwisisa muitiro wacho. Vavhoti vazhinji vanovhiringidzwa pamusoro penzira iyo Electoral College inoshanda nayo uye kana nhau dzavo dzokuvhota. Kugoverana mashoko akarurama kunogona kuderedza nyongano ndokukurudzira kutora rutivi. National Archives[ inogovera tsananguro dzine udzame dzegadziriro yeElectoral College, uye USA.gov inopa mashoko okuvhotera nokuda kwemashoko ose.

Pakupedzisira, simbisa kunyoresa kwako ndokuita gadziriro yokuvhota. Sarudzo iri yose inosarudzwa naavo vanokwidza. Kuziva nzvimbo yako yokuvhota, kunzwisisa zvinodikanwa zvehurumende yako, uye kuziva zvisarudzo zvokutanga zvokuvhota zvinogona kubvisa mhinganidzo kukutora rutivi. Manyuko akafanana 270toWin[[FLT]] zviitiko zvokuvhota uye kukubatsira kuona kuti migumisiro yakasiana inotapura sei nhange yakatapuriranwa nokuda kwa270.

mhedziso

Electoral College rutivi rwakatanhamara rwesarudzo yapurezidhendi weAmerica iyo inobatanidza vhoti yako kumuuyo worudzi kupfurikidza nomumiririri mukuru wenyika. Vota yako inosarudza kuti ndiani anowana vhoti dzakasarudzwa dzehurumende yako, uye vhoti idzodzo dzinosarudza kuti ndiani anova purezidhendi. Nepo gadziriro ine zvose zviri zviviri vadziviriri navatsoropodzi, inonzwisisa kuti inoita sei kuti ugone kuita basa revhoti zvinobudirira zvikuru.

Kusarudza kwose kunoitwa nevanhu kungava kuchiita kuti vasarudze kuti vasarudze sei, asi hakudzi zvinotaura vanhu vanosarudza kuita kuti manzwi avo anzwiwe.