Political Action Committee (PACs) ibwe resimba remari renhimbe muUnited States, kuchigonesa mapoka akarongwa kuunganidza pfuma uye mutsigiri wavatsigiri kana kuti zvisakiso. Pakati pePACs, musiyano pakati “paCs" avo vakabatanidzwa nesangano, mubatanidzwa webasa, kana kuti sangano rokushandira. (nas) uye “PaC asingakwikwikwikwikwikwidziswi". PaC imhaniswa. Pacs inoshanda pasina mutezo pasangano ripi neripi neripi, mutengi, kana kuti mubato wezvamatongerwe enyika, inovapa kuchinjika kwakasiyana kuti vasimudzire mari kubva kumunhu mumwe nomumwe ndokupedza chinyorwa, tsigiro, kana kuti chitsono. Kuzvimirira kwavo kunobvumira kukurumidza kuisa ngwariro pamitengo, uye kudzivisa kutsigira mitoo yavo inogarira mberi. Nepo vakawanda vasingatsigiriki vai vanotamburira kuwana, vanonzvera nhau ino kubudirira, vanowana, vanowana, vanoshandura nzira dzezvamatongerwo zvamatongerwo enyika, vanopfurira mberi, vanowana, vanowana mitoo.

Fundo Yenhau 1: Chinzwano Chokuchengetedza Voters (LCV) PAC

The League of Conservation Voters (LCV) has long been one of the most effective environmental advocacy organizations in the United States. Its associated PAC, LCV PAC, is a non-connected committee that represents the interests of conservation-minded donors without being tied to any specific party or corporate interest. Since its founding in 1970, LCV has evolved from a small endorsing body into a powerhouse that influences federal and state elections through strategic spending and grassroots mobilization.

Nzira Dzokushandisa Nemazano

LCV PAC nzira huru ndeyoku “ita kuti mhoteredzo ive nhau yokuvhota.” PAC inoisa mari yakawanda mukushambadzira [ uye yakatanhamiswa nhimbe dzetsamba [[ dzinosimbisa zvinyorwa zvemhoteredzo zvevadaviriri / zvinovaka. Panzvimbo pokungotsigira bedzi Democrates, LCPAC kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji vatsigiri veRepublics vanoratidzira zvikwaratiso zvakasimba, nokudaro vachichengeta kuvimbwa mumitsetse yebato. PC inoshandisawo purogiramu yakakwirira yezvakapoteredza mhoteredzo yavanhu [[FLT:] purogiramu [[FLT]] inoumba . inozivisa masangano nekivhinero, matubhii anoshandisa masuoki, masuoki, mapepa, mapepa ebhauni.

Chimwe chinhu chikuru chokubudirira kweLCV PAC ipurogiramu yayo yemachadhi, iyo inotanhanhamisa mitezo yeCongress pavhoti dzavo pamitemo yemhoteredzo. Iyi mishumo inodudzwa zvikuru nezvinobudisa nhau uye inoshandiswa mukuzivisa kwePAC kudzidzisa vavhooti. Nokubudisa izvi zviverengero, LCV PAC inoumba kuzvidavirira uye vanomanikidzira mitemo kuisa mhoteredzo panzvimbo yakapoteredza.

Nhimbe Dzinoshamisa Netapuro

Muna 2018 nhimbe ya2018 yeSarudzo, LCV PAC yakapedzerwa inopfuura mamirioni $30 uye yakabetsera kubvisa zvigaro zvinoverengeka zvedzimba mumaruwa omumahombekombe umo nhau dzemhoteredzo dzakanzwika zvikuru navavhoti vane mwero. “Chenesera Energy nokuda kweAmerica iri pakati pezana” yakaitirwa zvinyorwa zvemhoteredzo zvisina kutsarukana, zvichibatanidza zvinovhotera zvavo pamusoro pezvinhu zvine chokuita noutano hwavanhu. Muna 2020, LCV PACID yakakudza ngwariro yazvo kubatanidza chinjo dzemamiriro okunze dzakaita kuti dzive nokushayikwa kwechadenga. PeC yakaparira pesvedzero yemasangano makuru enzvimbo nemitemo yezvokugadzira zvinhu uye mamiriro okunze mumakore akatevera, zvichiratidza kuti dare risingapindiri mamiriro ezvinhu okuvhotera.

LCV PCA kuzvimirira kunoibvumira kupedzera pakushambadzira kwenhau uko kusingatsigiri zvikuru kusarudzwa kana kuti kukundwa kwomubhadhari, kuchimupa rusununguko rukuru mumitemo yeFederal Evolution Commission. Uku kuchinja kwave kuri chinhu chikuru kukurarama kwenguva refu nokushanda kwayo. Nokuda kwezviito zvavo zvazvino uno, ona website ye LV yepamutemo .

Fundo Yenhau 2: National Rifle Association Political Victory Fund (NRA-PVF)

NRA-PVF zvichida ndiyo PRA-PV ine mukurumbira wakaipa zvikurusa isina kubatanidzwa mune zvamatongerwe enyika zveAmerica, ichishandisa pesvedzero pamusoro pomutemo wepfuti kwamakumi amakore. Pasinei zvapo nenyongano yomukati nedenho dzapamutemo zvemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi, PAC inoramba iri muenzaniso weassue advocacy. Kushanda kwakaparadzana noruoko rweNRA, Institute for Legislative Action, NRA-PVF inosimudzira mari kubva kumitezo mimwe nemitezo mimwe nemimwe uye inoishandisa kutsigira pro·second Amend Amendment vapindi vehurumende yose.

Miitiro

NRA-PVF rubudiriro runotsamira pagadziriro inoshanda zvikuru yakafanana newadhirowa yeLCV, kugovera magiredhi etsamba (A+ kusvikira ku F) kuvanoda kutevedzerwa pazvinyorwa zvavo zvokuvhota uye mashoko avose pamusoro pekodzero dzepfuti. Iyi giredhi inoparadzirwa muPACIC inoshanda zvikuru [ posi yakananga [[FLT]] uye [FLT]] mapepa email [[[FLT: 4] kumamirioni eTS, anorovedzwa kuvhotera pazerasi ravo. PACRA, anorovedzwawo kuvhotera pauswa.

Imwe nzira kushandiswa kwe kushambadza kusingabhadharwi kusimudzira vanoda kukwikwidza kana kuti kudenha avo vanozivikanwa setyisidziro. Mukati meSarudzo dzakakwirira, NRA-PVF inopedza mari yakawanda zvikuru muzvokutengeserana kweterevhizheni munyika dzinochinja, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji ichibatanidza kurukurirano pamusoro pekodzero dzebumbiro remitemo nekotsekano yomunhu oga.

Nhimbe Dzinoshamisa Netapuro

Muvhoti yapurezidhendi ya2016, NRA-PVF yakapedzera mamirioni anopfuura $30 achitsigira Donald Trump naHillary Clinton anoshora, chitsama chakaiita kuti rive rimwe ramaridhi hombe kunze. Kushambadza kwaPaC kwakanangidzira kumaruwa napamusha vavhoti nemashoko pamusoro pedare uye Dare reChipiri. NRA-PVF. NRA yakabatsira kubvisa vatambi vanoverengeka vakanga vavhotera nokuda kwezviito zvokudzora pfuti pashure pokuuraya Sandy Hooke, ichiratidza mano ayo okuranga vatongi.

Zvisinei, pesvedzero yePAC yakaderera mumakore achangobva kupfuura nemhaka yemhosho dzomukati uye chinja murangariro wavanhu pamusoro pekotsekano yepfuti. Muna 2022, NRA-PVF yakapedzerwa zvikuru-kana zvikuru kupfuura munhevedzo dzakatangira, bva ichiri kuita basa mumijaho mikuru muOhio neFlorida. Nzvero yacho inosimbisa zvose zviri zviviri simba nekodzero yePC inotsamira zvikuru panhau imwe nechiva chomupi wezvikwereti zvikuru. Nokuda kwokunyurukira zvikuru mugadziriro yeNRA-PVF, bvunza Dare reN FREDALF] ExFOM reconfix

Fundo Yechitatu: Nzvimbo Yerusununguko Rwemunhu Mumwe Nomumwe (CFIF)

Mune zvakawanda, Center for Individual Freedom (CFIF) iPACI inonangidzira ngwariro panheyo dzakasununguka, hurumende yakaganhurirwa, uye mavambo ebumbiro remitemo. Yakavambwa muna 1998, CFIF inoshanda pasina mubatanidzwa webato ripi neripi rezvematongerwe enyika uye yakaita chiratidzo chayo mumubatanidzwa we advocacy [ uye [FLT] nhimbe] yakaitwa yakananga kushambadza [.

Kushandisa Nzira Uye Kuparadza

CFIF inoshandisa purogiramu yeterevhizheni yakarongwa munyika yose inonzi “Freedom Watch,” iyo inobudisa pamibatanidzwa yetambo uye inosvika kuvateereri vazhinji vane tsika. Purogiramu inoshandiswa kupesvedzera murangariro wavose uye kukurudzira vaoni kupa mibato yenhimbe yePC. Mukuwedzera, CFIF inobudisa mashoko akawanda akanyorwa nechete, mapepa machena, uye mapepa evhuro neapostiki (akarongwa kumitepfekedzero yenhau, kuwedzera nzvimbo dzayo dzemitemo pasina kuzivisa kwezvamatongerwe enyika.)

Apo CFIF inopinda mukuvhota, mutoo unowanzoshandisa kushambadzira kuva wezvechitsotsi kunodzivisa kutsigira kwakananga asi kutsoropodza kana kuti kurumbidza chinyorwa chomubhadharo panhau yakananga yakadai sezvisarudzo zvedare kana kuti mutero. Iyi nzira inobvumira PACI kudzivisa zvinodikanwa zvakati zvokuzivisa ndokuipa rusununguko rwakawanda rwokuchinjanya pakati pemijaho.

Nhimbe Dzinoshamisa Netapuro

Imwe yenhimbe dzeCFIF dzinocherekedzwa zvikurusa yakanga iri nhamburiko yadzo yokutsigira kusimbiswa kwavatongi vane mwero mukati moutarisiri hweTrump. PAC yakapedza mamirioni mukushambadza kweterevhizheni munyika dzakadai seMaine neAlaska, ichimanikidzira vamiriri kuvhota zvakanaka. Mamirire ayo okuzvimirira akaigonesa kutsinhirana namamwe mapoka ane mwero apo yaichengeta shoko rayo imene rakasiana. Munhambo ya2020, CFIF yakaranga kuva asina dziviriro Democratic inctanters muIndations muImbay nezvishambadzo zvinoadzidzo kuvabatanidza kumitero yakakwirira zvikuru uye kupfuudzira, ichibetsera kuchengeta chiverengero chezvigaro zvamagaro nokuda kweRepublicans.

Psika yeCFIF inonyengera asi inotsigirwa. Nokuchinja pfungwa kwenguva refu pamusoro pekuhwina kwenhambo pfupi, PC yakabetsera kuchinja kwakarurama mudare uye kurukurirano dzinopfuurira pamusoro poukuru hwehurumende. Kushandisa kwayo mapurogiramu ezvinobudisa nhau kunoitsauranisa nePACIC dzakawanda dzegamuchidzanwa dzisati dzabatanidzwa. Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pezvirongwa zvazvino zveCFIF pawebsite yavo [.

Fundo 4: Chiito Choubereki Chakarongwa

Kurutivi runofambira mberi, Planned Parenthood Action Fund (PPAF) inoonekwa sePACIC huru isina kubatanidzwa kumaruramiro okubereka nokukwanisa kukwanisa kurapa. Sezvo ruoko rwamabhinya rwaPlanned Parenthood Federation yeAmerica, Action Fund inoshanda sePAC yakaparadzana inogona kusimudza mari inokwana kana kupedza kupfuudza vanhu vamwe navamwe. Idare redare renhau renyika rakura musimba nounyanzvi, zvikurukuru mukudzorwa kweganhuriro dzakawedzerwa dzekubvisa mimba pamwero wenyika.

Mazano Nemazano

PPAF inobatanidza magrasroot anobatanidza ne [[FLT:] [FLT]] tracteds. PC inochengeta ndaza huru yeemail dzevatsigiri vanokumbirwa kugovera nokuonana navamiririri vavo. Mukati memasvomho esarudzo, PPAF inomhanya “Nhange yoUpenyu Hwedu". Nhimbe dzinodenha makore ane chiurumunhanhare neGene Zvo, dzinosimbisa nhau dzomunhu oga netabheji rekiriniki. PAC inoshandisawo zviteshi zvezviteshi zvenhau zvenzanga zvakafanana neTikTo kusvika kuvaduku, unyanzvi unowanzo kunzi PeCC.

Chimwe chinhu chinokosha i translate nerekodhi rokuvhota. PPAF inorumbidza vanoda kutsigira maruramiro okubvisa pamuviri uye kushora ganhuriro. PC ipapo inobudisa nhungamiro dzinovhota ndokuita kushambadzira kwendyiko kwamatunhu makuru nehurumende. Mumakwikwikwi okutsigira PPAF inogona kuva yechigarire, sezvainogovera zvose zviri zviviri mari nehondo yavazvipiri.

Nhimbe Dzinoshamisa Netapuro

Munhambo dzapakati dza2018, PPAF yakabetsera kusarudza chiverengero chakakurumbira chavatsigiri vanobvisa mimba, ichishandura House of Declaimers blue. PAC yakapedza yakawanda mumaruwa omumahombekombe umo dzidzo nezvoutano zvakanga zviri nhau dzapamusoro. Muna 2020, PPAF yakanangidzira ngwariro pamadzinza enzvimbo dzapakati pehurumende, zvikurukuru makwikwikwi echikwata chegubernar aisarudza jambwa remitemo yokubvisa mimba mumibatanidzwa seVirginia neWisconsin. Pashure pechisarudzo chaDobbs muna 2022, PC yakawedzerazve nhamburiko dzayo, kutsigira zvirongwa zvemijahonga uye mijaho yemitemo yemitemo yehurumende yehurumende umo kubvisa mimba kwakanga kuri mungozi yengozi.

PPAF kusabatanidzwa kunoibvumira kuunganidza mari kubva pachivako chakafara chavapi vaduku uye kupedzera pavose vari vaviri vaidiwa kuzivisa nokusaganhurirwa nemitemo yePC. Uku kuchinja kwakaiita imwe yemasimba makuru zvikurusa mumatongerwe enyika okubereka. Nokuda kwemishumo ine udzame pamusoro pokutenga kwayo, Aupensets database yepanyika [ ichinhu chakaisvonaka.

Chinokosha Chinobviswa Pamapapysi Asina Kubatanidzwa Anobudirira

Kuongorora zviitiko zvina izvi kunodzidzisa zvidzidzo zvinokosha zvakawanda kune munhu wose anoda kunzwisisa (*) kubudirira kwemaPaC asingaendi.

Kunyanya Kukoshesa Zvinhu Kunovaka Musimboti Wokuvimbika

PCA imwe neimwe inobudirira muiyi nzvero ine ngwariro yakafanana neraser panhau imwe kana kuti nhevedzano yakasanofanana yenhau. LCV PAC inonakirwa nemhoteredzo; NRA-PVF inona maruramiro epfuti; CFIF inova nemisika yapachena; Planned Parenthood Fund ine kodzero dzokubereka. Uku kuisa ngwariro kunobvumira PC kuvamba unyanzvi hwakadzama, kunyora mashoko, uye mupi anoda kupa adzokororwazve. Kusvika kwokushandisa pfuti kwepfuti kunoparadza kunobvisa zvishandiso ndokunetesa kuzivikanwa.

Kushandisa Kuzvimirira

PC dzisingabatanidzwi dzinobudirira kupfurikidza nokushandisa ndyiko dzinozvimirira − makadhi ayo anotsigira kana kuti anoshora mukwikwidzani pasina kuwirirana nenhimbe yomutevedzeri iyeye. Uyu mutoo unowedzera rusununguko rwokutaura nepo uchidzivisa ganhuriro dzapamutemo dzinoshanda kumipiro inotungamirira. PaC dzinobudirira dzinonzwisisa kuti kushambadza kwazvimirira kunogona kuva kwakaoma zvikuru uye kusingakanganwiki zvikuru kupfuura mahombekombe echibharo. Idzo dzinozivawo unyanzvi hwe “kushambadzira mhepo” mutevedzeri asati atongopinda murwisano.

Kumbundira Vanhu Vane Madhigirii

MaPAC ose mana zvino anoshandisa zvishandiso zvakaoma zvemichina: LCV inoshandisa kushambadza kuduku kunotanhamara kunotarwa neFacebook; NRA-PVF inotsamira pandandanda yemaemail akatevedzana; CFIF inobudisa terevhizheni yayo; Planned Parenthood Action Fund inopfuura pavhidhiyo yenzanga. Mazuva evaposvendi voga ava apera. PAC inoiswa mumibatanidzwa mibatanidzwa yemaidi namashoko achapfuvura avo vanonamatira kumitoo yekare.

Kukweva Nokuderedza Muviri

Mapepa akafanana neLCV neNRA-PVF akaratidza kuti giredhi rakapfava, risingakanganwiki (A ku F) rinogona kupfavisa zvinyorwa zvokuvhota zvakaoma nokuda kwomuvhoti avhareji. Apo giredhi rePC rinoziviswa zvikuru, rinoparira batano yakananga pakati pomufambiro womunguva yakapfuura wemutsigiri wePC netsigiro yeramangwana. Endorestéments, apo inotsanangurwa zvakajeka, dzinogona kuchinja vatsigiri vakavimbika vomuvhoti.

Kuzvimirira Kunoita Kuti Zvive Zvakanaka

Nemhaka yokuti maPAC asina kubatanidzwa haasati achizvidavirira kuboka resangano kana kuti mutungamiriri webato, anogona kutsigira kana kuti kushora vadaviri vakavakirwa zvakasimba panzvimbo dzavo dzemiitiro. Uku kuzvimirira kunogona kukudza zvomenemene kuvimbika kuvavhoti vakaodzwa mwoyo namatongerwe enyika. Kunobvumirawo PAC kudarika mitsetse yemabato apo inodikanwa, sezvakaitwa namaRepublics yeLCV.

Mugumisiro: Nguva Yemberi yemaPaC Asina Aanobatanidzwa

Nzvero dzeLCV, NRA-PVF, CFIF, nePlanned Parenthood Action Fund dzinoratidzira kuti maPAC haasati ariwo masanganowo zvawo munzanga yemari yezvemari. Anogona kuva anobudirira zvikuru, zvikurukuru apo anoita kuti nhau yakajeka ishandiswe, anoisa mumiitiro yekurukurirano yazvino uno, uye anochengeta kuzvimirira kwakakomba pakudzora kwomutengi. Sezvo mitemo yezve yemari yemari inopfuurira kunyuruka (paCsssssss anotevera [[FLT:]]] Kuisa mubatanidzwa wenhau yekurukurirano yazvino uno unonzwika, pakati pePC namamwe mabhiripo akazvibhadhara akashaniswa yakashama. Kunyange zvakadaro mativi ose anoramba aripo akaresaidzo dzakaresa.

Nokuda kwavadzidzisi navadzidzi vanofunda simba rezvamatongerwe enyika, iyi mienzaniso inopa mepu. Rubudiriro runoda zvinopfuura mari; runoda chirango chakafanira, nzwisiso huru yevhota, uye kudisa kuvandudza. Chizvarwa chinotevera chePC chichabatanidza kuiswa kweLCV neredhiyo yeCFIF uye simba reUswa rePlanned Parenthood Action Fund, kuchiumba kunyange masimba makuru zvikuru muhurumende yedu inosarudzwa navanhu.