Kunzwisisa Kuedza Kunoita Kudya Nyora

Kudzikamisa kwapamutemo igadziriro yebumbiro remitemo yakagadzirirwa kuita kuti vakuru vakuru vehurumende vazvidavirire nokuda kwemiitiro yakakomba muhofisi. Kusafanana nokusatendeseka kwehurumende, kunotevera muitiro mumwe chete wakarongwa muBumbiro remitemo reU.S., hurumende imwe neimwe inoumba mitemo yayo mugadziriro yebumbiro remitemo uye mutemo wemitemo. Iyi nzira inoyera inoumba kuumbwa kwemiitiro nemipimo yakasiyana - siyana yemitemo uye tsika dzezvamatongerwe enyika muUnited States. Kutonga kwemitemo kunoshanda kwete bedzi semwero wokuyera asi secherekedzo inokosha pasimba rayo rokutungamirira, inochengeta perero yebasa ravose uye kuvimbisa kuti vatongi vanoramba vakatendeka kuzvipikirwa kwavo. Nokuda kwavadzidzi, nyanzvi dzemitemo, nyanzvi dzezvomutemo dzinoita, dzinoita kuti izvi zvitonge zviito zvinokosha mukunzwisisa mamiriro ezvinhu.

Mavambo Epamutemo Okubatsira Kusarudza

Hwaro hwapamutemo hwokuraira gavhuna hunenge nguva dzose hunowanwa mubumbiro remitemo rehurumende. Aya magwaro anoisa nheyo dzokubvisa, mapoka anopiwa simba rokutanga nokugadza zviitiko, uye nhano dzemiitiro dzinodikanwa kuita murairo. Mumitemo mizhinji, chibvumirano chinoita basa guru: imba yakaderera kuivhotera (kukupoka), uye mufambiro wesena unotanga uye kusarudza kana uchifanira kuva mukuru. Zvisinei, vamwe vanotaura kuti, vabve pamuenzaniso uyu. [[FLT:] [FLT]] [FFLT:] [FFF:] [FL:]

Mabumbiro emitemo anoda chaizvoizvo voti hurusa (8) kazhinji kazhinji maviri- 3 (pakupwiswa musenate, kuratidzira chikumbaridzo chehurumende. Zvisinei, zvinodikanwa chaizvo zvinosiana. Mu TEXAS[, murairo uyo panenge pamativi maviri emhuri anofanira kuvhota, asi kusawirirana kwemativi kunofanira kuva kuviri. Mugadziriro dzakajeka zvikuru: [FLT:], chibvumirano icho paiviri-5] vatengi vakasarudzwa vanofanira kuvhotera. Uku kusiyana kwapa muganhu kunogona kutapura zvikuru kuva kwokubviswa. [FF]

Zviratidzo Zvemitemo Nedudziro Yorutongeso

Kupfuura rugwaro rwebumbiro remitemo, Hurumende dzakawanda dzakagadza mitemo iyo inobvisa udzame hwenhau, zvakadai semirau yokutora ufakazi, kudana zvapupu, uye kubata zvikumbiro. Matare anoitawo basa mukududzira gadziriro idzi. Somuenzaniso, mu muMuna Gavhunazve Impesa yeImpesa [ (mhaka yenhau inocherekedzwa mudzimwe mativi makuru), dare rapamusoro rehurumende ringayera kana chirongwa chemitemo chakatevera kana kuti zvinangwa zvinonzi zvomenemene mufambiro usingatsivi. Dzimwe ruwa runobvumira zvakajeka kuhwirudzuraniswa kwechidziso rwekusatendwa, nepo vamwe vanoibata semubvunzo wakakwana wezvamatongerwe enyika usingapiwi kupindira. Iyi dare repamutemo pakati pemitemo, mitemo yedare, uye kuronga kuongorora mamiriro emitemo anodzo.

Zvinhu Zvinoita Kuti Tisada Zvatinoda

Mifambiro chaiyo inogona kutungamirira kukusadzidza kwegabernatorial kunosiana zvikuru nehurumende, asi zvikonzero zvinozivikanwa navose zvinobatanidza mapoka anotevera:

  • utsotsi hwakakwirira nezvikanganiso: Iri shoko rakafara, rakakumbirwa kumutemo wehurumende, rinofukidza kushatiswa kwakakomba kwesimba, kushambadzwa kwechivimbo chavose, uye dzimwe mhaka huru. Hakusati hako kuchida kuputswa kwomutemo woutsotsi; kusazvibata kwakadai souori, kunyengera, kana kuti kuzvidza kwamaune mabasa emitemo kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kunokwanirisa. Somuenzaniso, kudzidziswa kwe Governor Rod Blagojech of Illinois[[FLT]]
  • Kushambadza: kwakarongwa nenzira yakarongwa mumitemo mizhinji yenyika, ushati hunobatanidza chiokomuhomwe, kubhadharwa, uye kumwe kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwebasa nokuda kwemhindu yomunhu oga. Dzimwe nyika dzinobata ushati senzvimbo yakaparadzana, nepo dzimwe dzichihuisa pasi pe "mhosva huru nemhosho.] Mu Arizora [[[FLT]], kudzosa kwa 1988, kutendwa kwaGavhuna Eva Mecham kwakavakirwa papomero dzakashandiswa zvisina kufanira mari yemadonzo ake amene.
  • Kukundikana kuita mabasa anokosha ehofisi kunogonawo kuva kusingadzorwi. Ikoku kungabatanidza kurega mabasa ehofisi, kuramba kumanikidzira mitemo yehurumende, kana kuti kusakwanisa kwakakomba. Mu Oklama, Gavhuna John C. Walton akasarondwawo muna 1923, pakati pezvimwe mhosva, achiregeredza basa rake rokuchengeta nokudzivirira vagari vemo mukati menhambo yechisimba chamadzinza.
  • Kuchinja kwegadziriro dzebumbiro remitemo: Mabumbiro emitemo akawanda anotaura zvakajeka kuti kuputsa bumbiro remitemo rehurumende imhosva isingatsigiri. Ikoku kunogona kubatanidza chiremera chikurusa chehurumende, kufuratira mirairo yemitemo, kana kuti kukundikana kutevera miitiro yokugadza kwakafanira. Muenzaniso mukuru ndiko kutevedzerwa kwa Governor William W. Randen weNorth Carolina muna 1871], uko kwakadudza kushandiswa kwake kwesimba rehondo pasina chiremera chapamutemo.
  • Utariri kana kuti zvimwe zvisakiso: Zvikamu zvishomanene zvezviteshi, zvakadai se Pennsylvania uye ]] na [[FLT]] Auska[, kubatanidza mativi akafanana ne "gadziriro yezvokuronga zvinhu" (kana kuti zvimwe zvisakiso" zvinobata gadziriro dzose. Izvi zvisaita kuti zvive zvinodzosera zvisimbe zvikuru asi zvinomutsawo funga pamusoro pokushatisa kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzemitemo dzinotaura kuti mativi asina kujeka aigona kubvumira tsinhiro nokuda kwezvikonzero zviduku, uko kuri chikonzero kuti nyika dzakawanda dzide kubatana zvakajeka kukushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwakakomba kwesimba.

Dzimwe nyika dzinoda uchapupu husingarambiki (mupimo weutsotsi), asi dzimwe dzinoshandisa uchapupu hwakajeka uye hunogutsa kana kuti kunyange kufungisisa uchapupu hwacho.

Zvinodiwa

Kunyange zvazvo matanho chaiwo anosiyana munyika dzose, kutevedzana kwacho kunoenderana nemubatanidzwa wehurumende:

  1. Kubvunza: Muitiro unowanzovamba nokunzvera kana kuti kunyunyuta kwakarongwa. Mudzimwe nyika, muiti upi noupi wemitemo anogona kutanga chisarudzo chokusatendeudzira; mune dzimwe, musangano chairo kana kuti mumiririri mukuru angatanga kubvunza. Somuenzaniso, mu TEXAS[[FLT]], Imba yavamiriri inogona kutanga kunzvera kupfurikidza nedare rayo pakusadzidzisa.
  2. [[FOLT:0] Kuisa padivi: dare remitemo (*] kazhinji kazhinji dare redare redare redare redare) rinonzvera, rinounganidza ufakazi, uye rinoita kuti vanzwi vanzwire. Dare ringapupurira zvipuena nemagwaro. Gavhuna anopomerwa ane maruramiro okumirirwa nezano nokupindura. Ipapo dare rinopa mushumo unorumbidza kana zvichizopfuurira nenyaya dzemisiri.
  3. Sarudzo kupfurikidza neimba yakaderera: Dare rakazara remitemo (kazhinji kazhinji imba yakaderera) kurukurirano namavhoti panyaya imwe neimwe yokusaidzisa. Voruzhinji vanowanzodikanwa kutendera nyaya imwe neimwe. Kana nyaya ipi neipi ipfuvura, gavhuna haasati apiwa mutongo wapamutemo, zvinoreva kuti vanopomerwa asi vasati vabviswa. Mudzimwe nyika, gavhuna angamiswa pahofisi yotongwa, apo mudzimwe anoramba ari muhofisi.
  4. Nomusenati (kana kuti dare chairo): Dare redare rakati rinotonga. Mumaruwa akawanda, ruramisiro huru yedare guru rehurumende inotungamirira. Mamaneja edzimba anopa ufakazi uye anodana zvapupu, apo timu yapamutemo inokwidza dziviriro. Kutonga kunotevera mitemo youfakazi hwakafanana norwendo rwedare, kunyange zvazvo mwero wedare rinohestora uchiva wakasiana.
  5. Kupa mhaka nokubvisa: Pashure pokutonga, vatongi vanovhota noune uye panyaya imwe neimwe. Kuwanda (kazhinji kazhinji matatu maviri emitezo iripo kana kuti yakasarudzwa) kunodikanwa kuti vape mhaka. Kana vakawanidzirwa pachinhu chipi nechipi, gavhuna anobviswa pakarepo pahofisi. Dzimwe nyika dzinobvumirawo kuti kusafanira kukwanirisa gavhuna pakubata nzvimbo yomunguva yemberi.

Kusiyana - siyana Kwakaita Nyika Dzose

Misiano mizhinji inokosha iripo. Mu New York, pashure pemagungano, nhau inoenda kuDare nokuda kweDare reImpeachement, iyo ine mijenya yehurumende nevatongi vanobva kuNew York Supreme Court, Appletate Division. Iyi project inogovera chimiro chakawanda chokutonga kumuedzo. [[FLT:] [FLT]] Nebraska, chibvumirano chehurumende chinobata zvose zviri zviviri kuvhota, uye kutongwa, nokuedza kunodikanwa kutendwa. [FFOLT] [5]

Miganhu yenguva inosianawo. Somuenzaniso, Illinois inoda imba kuvhota pakusatevedzerwa mukati mamazuva 30 pashure pokunge dare rairumbidza, kuvimbisa chiito chokukurumidza. Dzimwe nyika hadzina nhambo yakadaro, inogona kutungamirira kuchinoitika chezvamatongerwe enyika chakarebesa. Kunzwisisa iyi mifungo inopesana inoda kuva yakakomba nokuda kwavanamabhishopi vemitemo vanoranga kana kuti vagadziri vemitemo.

Dziviriro Dzapamutemo Neganhuriro

Kutonga kwepamutemo kunobatanidza dziviriro dzinokosha nokuda kwomupomerwi uye ganhuriro pamuitiro wokudzivisa kubatwa zvisina kufanira.

  • Kutongwa kwakarurama neratidziro yapamutemo: magavhuna anopomerwa kumuitiro wakafanira, kubatanidza maruramiro okumirirwa nezano rapamutemo, kupa ufakazi, uye kuyambuka zvapupu zveantimine. Mabumbiro enyika akawanda anovimbisa zvakajeka idzi maruramiro. Somuenzaniso, Constitution inogovera kuti gavhuna ane maruramiro okuoneka, kudzivirira, uye kunzwiwa nezano mukati mokutonga. Iyi dziviriro inokosha kuvimbisa mufambiro wakanaka.
  • Tsanangura rondedzero dzemhosva dzisingachinjiki: Mitemo mizhinjisa inoda kuti zvikonzero zvokusatenderwa zvirondedzerwe zvakananga mubumbiro remitemo razvo. Kushambadza kana kuti mutauro wakafara zvikuru zvinogona kukokazve kugadziridzwa kwemipimo iyi yezvamatongerwe enyika, nokudaro dzinofanana ne [ Calinia yakavaka mipimo yakaoma, ichida kuti zvikanganiso zvive "zvikuru" uye "zvine chokuita nehofisi". Kuhwirudzura kwapa kwakanatsazve mune dzimwe nyika kwakanatsa mipimo, kuchivimbisa kuti mufambiro usina kururama bedzi.
  • Mitemo yetsika yokudzivisa kubatwa zvisina kufanira: Masangano anoisa mitemo yetsika yakadai sezvinodikanwa zvikuru zvokuvhota, mipimo inosungirwa kuoneka, uye kurambidza njodzi dzakapetwa kaviri (kutemwa kwomufambiro mumwe chete pashure pokuva nemhosva). New Jersey, bumbiro remitemo rinoda kubvumiraniswa kwemitezo miviri-tumitatu yemitezo yose yedare yetengi, kwete iya iripo chete. Dzimwe dzinotaura, kufanana ne[FLT:][FLT] [FLT]], dzinoda kuti muitiro wokuvyisa uitwe mukati purogiramu yenguva dzose, inodzivisa kutemwa kwezvimwe zvinangwa zvamadonzo.
  • Kusakwanikira kwehwirudzuro yokutonga: Muzvikamu zviduku zvenyika, matare angahwirudzura muitiro wokusatenderwa kuivimbisa kuwirirana nezvinodikanwa zvebumbiro remitemo. Somuenzaniso, mu Kansas[[FLT], dare rapamusoro rehurumende rakarangarira kuti rinogona kuhwirudzura kana chigaro chapamutemo chakatevera mutoo wakafanira, kunyange zvazvo chisingazohwirudzuri zviwanwa zvechokwadi zvedare redare. Uku kutarisira kunowedzera chisaririra chokuwedzera chedziviriro mukurwisana nemitemo.
  • Kurevererwa pachirango: Kutendiswa mukutonga kunoguma bedzi nokubviswa panzvimbo yebasa uye kubviswa kunobvira muhofisi yomunguva yemberi; hakudzivisi kukwirira mhaka kwoutsotsi nokuda kwomufambiro mumwe chetewo. Uku kurongerwa mhaka kwezvamatongerwe enyika kumutemo woutsotsi rutivi rukuru rwetsika. Zvisinei, vamwe vanotaura zvakajeka kuti kushora hakusi mutsivi wemhosva, kureva kuti gavhuna anogona kutarisana nedare gare gare nokuda kwemhosva dzakapambe.

Pasinei zvapo nedziviriro idzi, vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti kusabvumirana kunoramba kuri muitiro wezvamatongerwe enyika mukuru umo ruvimbiko rwebato runowanzopesvedzera mavhota. Chikumbaridzo chakakwirira chepwiti. Nenzira yakajeka chakakwirira chepringidzo ($_ensensess) kuti bhizimisi riri madikanwa nokuda kwokubviswa, uko kunogona kudzivirira magavhuna pakusapiwa mhaka kusina maturo asi kunoitawo kuti kuve kwakaoma kubvisa kunyange vakuru vakuru vane mhaka yakajeka kana boka ravo richidzora dare.

Kudzidza Kunoita Makwenzi Kunoshamisa Munhoroondo yeAmerica

Kunzvera nhau dzenhau kunojekesa kuti gadziriro yapamutemo inoshanda sei mumigariro chaiyoiyo yenyika yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Idzi nhau dzinoenzanisira kuti gadziriro yapamutemo inochinjira sei kumigariro yechienzi, uye dzinobatira sengano dzenyevero nokuda kwavatongi navanogadza mitemo zvakafanana.

mhedziso

Gadziriro dzemitemo dzinodzora kurongerwa kwemitemo idikanwo inokosha yomutemo wehurumende. Inodzikamisa dikanwo yokuzvidavirira kwoukuru nedziviriro dzakasimba mukurwisana nechitambudzo chezvamatongerwe enyika. Nokunzwisisa mavambo okusaidzira, nhano dzemitemo, uye kudzivirira kwapamutemo nokuda kwavanopomerwa, vagari vemo nanyanzvi dzemitemo vanogona kunzwisisa zviri nani kuti hurumende dzinotsigira sei mutemo. Nepo muitiro wenyika imwe neimwe wakasiana, shinda yavose musengwa wokuvimbisa kuti vatongi vanotengesa chivimbo chavose vanogona kutendwa. Sezvo kubatana kwezvamatongerwe enyika kunopfuurira kuumba masangano ehurumende okutonga, kushanda kwakafanira kwekusatevedzero kunogona kuva kunokosha zvikuru nokuda kwokuchengeta kudzora kwoubati wehurumende nechivi chavose muva vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa.