Kunzwisisa Tsika Yokutonga Kwevagari Vomunyika Imwe Chete

Gadziriro yeruramisiro yavagari vemo igadziriro yapamutemo inopedza gakava pakati pemasangano avanhu voga nemitezo yehurumende ._haiwa matare outsotsi. Kusafanana nemhosva dzoutsotsi, umo hurumende inotonga mutadzi nokuda kwokuputsa mitemo yavose, mhaka dzavagari vemo dzinonangidzira pavananyajambwa vanoputsa, kusimbisa zvibvumirano, kana kuti kupedza kusawirirana pamusoro pekodzero nemisengwa. Gore rimwe nerimwe, mamirioni emhosva dzevagari vemo anochengetwa muhurumende nematare ehurumende muUnited States, achifukidza chinhu chiri chose kubva kuboka renyika yebhizimisi kubvumirano yebhirioni. Nyaya ino inotsanangura kuti gadziriro yemitemo yehurumende inoshanda sei, marudzi emitemo yavagari vemo anobata, uye miitiro inotungamirira kurusarudzo.

Misiyano Huru Pakati Pemhosva Dzevagari Vemo Nedzematsotsi

Kunyange zvazvo nyaya dzevagari vemo nedzeutsotsi dzichingoitwa zvokusabvumirana mudare, zvinangwa zvadzo, maitiro adzo, uye migumisiro yadzo zvinosiyana - siyana.

  • `Zvingabvira zvikuru kuti mukwiridziri angava ane mhaka. Munhau dzevagari vemo, mupurisa anofanira kubvumikisa mhaka yake kupfurikidza ne kuisa mberi kwoufakazi [. Kureva kuti kungabvira zvikuru kupfuura kuti mukwiridzirirwi angava ane mhaka. Mumitongo yamatsotsi, murovereri anofanira kubvumikisa kuva nemhaka [[FLT:]] kupanikira kune mufungo [, mupimo mukuru zvikuru. Uyu musiyano unoratidzira dandaro: vapari vehurumende vanorasikirwa nemari kana kuti zvinhu, netsoropororo youtsotsi yakatarisana nokurasikirwa nebviro yerusununguko.
  • Kukakavadzana kwavagari vemo kunobatanidzwa: kunobatanidza mapoka avanhu voga (mukwirirwi) kana kuti pane dzimwe nguva hurumende sebato (g., munzvimbo yakatanhamara). Mhaka dzeutsotsi dzinounzwa nguva dzose nehurumende (kutambudza) mukurwisana nomunhu mumwe kana kuti chinhu (dandendi).
  • Kurapa kwevagari vemo kunobatanidza kuvadziko dzemari, mirairo (mirairo yedare yokuita kana kuti kurega kuita chimwe chinhu), kana kuti rutongeso rwokubvisa. Zvirango zvoutsotsi zvinobatanidza kuiswa mutorongo, faindi, kuedzwa, kana kuti basa renzanga. Muzvinoitika zvishomanene, mufambiro mumwe chetewo unogona kutungamirira kuzvose zviri zviviri sutu yavagari vemo nepomero youtsotsi.
  • Kurudyi kuAttorney: Mumhaka dzoutsotsi, vakwirirwi vane maruramiro ebumbiro remitemo okusunungura zano rapamutemo kana vasingagoni kuripa. Vamiriri vemo kazhinji kazhinji vanofanira kubhadhara gweta ravo vamene, kunyange zvazvo mamwe mapurogiramu eyamuro apamutemo achibetsera vanhu vanowana zvakaderera.

Marudzi Emhosva Dzevagari Vemo

Mutemo wevagari vemo unosanganisira kunetsana kwakakura.

Gakava Rinorwisana

Gakava rinomuka apo mumwe mubato anokundikana kuita sechibvumirano chinobvumiranwa pamutemo. Idzi mhaka dzinogona kubatanidza kuputswa kwebvumirano, kunyengera, kana kuti mibvunzo yokududzira. Mienzaniso inobatanidza mutengesi asingapi zvinhu, muvaki anosiya kugadziridza, kana kuti mushandi anoputsa chitsama chemashoko chisati chiri chetsono. Matare anowanzotarira kumashoko echibvumirano, vavariro dzemapati, uye mutemo upi noupi unoshanda (zvakadai seCFCM Commer Com Code).

Nhau Dzinorwadza

Tort mutemo unonatsiridza zvikanganiso zvevagari vemo zvinoparira kuvadziko kana kuti kurasikirwa nomumwe munhu. Chinonyanya kuzivikanwa i , umo munhu anokundikana kushandisa ngwariro ine mufungo(se mutyairi anoparira tsaona yemotokari. Zvimwe zvinosanganisira kuzvidza (kukanganisa kana kuti kuchera), kuparira nhamo yemirangariro, mutengo wemazamu, uye mishonga. Kutsvaka muripo wemari inobhadharwa, mibayiro inora, marwadzo uye kutambura, uye pane dzimwe nguva chirango chakagadzirirwa kuranga kuranga kusiri pamutemo.

Kusawirirana Nezvinhu

Izvozvi zvinobatanidza kuva muridzi, kushandiswa, kana kuti miganhu yenzvimbo kana kuti zvinhu zvomunhu oga. Mienzaniso inowanzova gakava pamusoro pemugwagwa unofambiswa, nhau dzemuri wenzvimbo (kuchengetedzwa, masheki, kugarwa kwenzvimbo), uye zvitengo zvezvinhu zvakaipa. Zvisakiso zvenzvimbo kazhinji kazhinji zvinoda kunzvera mazita, nzvero, uye chipupuriro chenyanzvi pamitemo yenzvimbo.

Mhaka Dzemitemo Yemhuri

Mutemo wemhuri unofukidza chatanuro, kuchengetwa kwavana, tsigiro yavana, tsigiro yapamusha (chipo), kurera mwana, uye masimba masimba omumba anodzivisa mirairo. Iyi nhau dzinobatanidza migumisiro isina mufungo zvikuru uye inobatanidza miuyo isina basa serudungwe rwenguva youbereki. matare mazhinji emhuri anokurudzira kutsigira kuderedza rwisano uye kubetsera vabereki kubatira pamwe.

Makakatanwa Ebasa

Zviitiko zvebasa zvinobatanidza kubviswa kwakaipa, rusaruro rwakavakirwa padzinza, zera, kana kuti urema, kuputswa kwomuripo neawa, uye kunetswa. Vashandirwi vanganyora pasi pemitemo yehurumende (Title VII, ADA, FLSA) kana kuti mitemo yehurumende yakafanana.

Kuchinja Kunoita Vanhu Munharaunda

Zviitiko zvevagari vemo zvakawanda zvinotevera nhanho dzakarongwa. Nepo zvisiri zvinoitika zvose — zvakawanda zvinogara zvisati zvatongwa — kunzwisisa muitiro wacho kunobetsera kugadzirira.

Vatungamiriri

Mukwiridziri anotanga apo mutongo unoisa mutongo unonyanza anobvuma kana kuti kuramba kupomera, achiratidzira kutaura kwapamutemo, maidi anozvitsigira, uye rusununguko rukatsvakwa. Mukwirirwi ipapo anoisa [ , achibvuma kana kuti kuramba kupomera, uye angasimbisawo dziviriro kana kuti kupokanidza. Kana mukwirirwi achidavira kuti kunyunyuta kwacho kunokundikana kutaura chirevo chapamutemo, vanganyora [[[FLT:] mvumo] kuti vadzinge [[FLT:]].

Kuwana

Kuwana chinhu kunenge kwaita kuti mativi ose atsinhane mashoko nouchapupu.

  • [[FORT:0] Mitemo: Chipupuriro chakasimba chakapikirwa kunze kwedare, chakanyorwa nomutori wenhau wedare. Vatengi vanogona kubvunza zvapupu, uye chinyorwa chingashandiswa pakutongwa kuti chirege kuva chakavimbika.
  • [[FORT:0] Mibvunzo yakanyorwa inofanira kupindurwa pasi pemhiko, inowanzoganhurirwa munhamba (umh., 25 pabato mudare rehurumende).
  • Kukumbira nokuda kwokubudisira: Kuda magwaro, maemail, mapikicha, kana kuti humwe ufakazi hunooneka. Kuwana kwemagetsi (e-butiro) zvino rutivi rukuru rwekudzidzwa kwevagari vemo.
  • Kukumbira nokuda kwokubvumira: Tsime idzo mumwe munhu anofanira kubvuma kana kuti kuramba, dzinoshandiswa kunhau dzakatetepa pamberi pokutongwa.

Kuwana kunogona kupedza mwedzi kana kuti kunyange makore mumhaka dzakaoma kunzwisisa, uye matare anoomerera pamitemo inorwisana nokusashanda kwemitemo (kuparadzwa kwoufakazi).

Kufamba

Pamberi pomuedzo, mapati anganyora mafambiro akasiyana- siyana. sumo yerutongeso rwechipfupiso inokumbira dare kugadzikisa mhaka yakavakirwa pamaidi asingapokanidzwi; kana ikapiwa, hapana muedzo unodikanwa. Mamwe maitiro anozivikanwa navose anobatanidza kumanikidza kuwana, kurovanya zvikamu zvekuteterera, uye kufambisa mashoko muLimine kubvisa ufakazi hwakati pakutongwa.

Kutongwa

Kana nyaya yacho isingagadzirisi kana kuti kugadziriswa pakutonga kwokupfupikisa, inoenderera mberi kutongwa. Mudare, mutongi anosarudza zvose maidi nomutemo; mukutonga kwedare rinobetsera vatongi anosarudza maidi uye mutongi anoshandisa mutemo. Miedzo inobatanidza kutaura kwokuzarura, kunzvera kwakananga uye kwokuongorora zvapupu, kubvumirwa kwezviratidziro, uye nharo dzokupfiga. Mutongi anorairidza vatongi pamipimo yemitemo, uye vatongi kuti vasvike chisarudzo.

Rutongeso Nenhamburiko Dzapashure

Pashure porutongeso, dare rinopinda mu kutonga kuratidzira kuti ndiani anokunda nemishonga ipi inopiwa. Vari kurasikirwa vanganyora nhanho dzapashure pomutongero, zvakadai sokufamba nokuda kwokutongwa kutsva kana kuti chiito chokutonga pasinei zvapo nechisarudzo (JOV). Kana avo vakakundikana, nhano inotevera isundo.

Kumbira

Dare rinoongorora zvikanganiso zvedare redare rinotonga, kwete maidi. Mutongi (murwi anorasikirwa) anonyora gakava pfupi rokuti mutongi wedare akaita zvikanganiso, zvakadai sokurayira zvisina kururama vatongi kana kuti kubvuma ufakazi husiri hwakarurama. Dare redare rinenge richipa mhinduro ringasimbisa, kudzokera shure, kana kuti kudzokorora mhaka yacho nokuda kwokutongwa kutsva. Zvikumbiro zvinogona kutora gore kana kuti kupfuura kupedza.

Kupesana Kunotsiva Chisarudzo (ADR)

Gakava ravagari vemo rakawanda haritongoendi kukutonga. Zvikamu zvinoenda nenzira inowedzera ku kugadzikiso yegadziro [ADR] kuti zvichengetedze nguva, mari, uye funganyo. Zvikamu zvakakurumbira zvikurusa zvisanozivikanwa namashoko, kudzorwa, uye kutaurirana.

Kushanda

Kuyananisa kunobatanidza rutivi rwechitatu rwehama dzokunze dzedivi ne_a murevereri anobetsera vanhu vanoitirana nharo kukurukurirana uye kutaurana kubvumiranwa. Murevereri haaiti chisarudzo; panzvimbo pezvo, anoita kuti kukurukurirana kuve nyore, kujekesa nhau, uye kukarakadza zvisarudzo. Kutaurirana ndekwokuzvidira, uye chibvumirano chipi nechipi chinosvikwa chinoderedzwa kuva chibvumirano chakanyorwa. matare akawanda anoda kuti mapoka aedze kutaurirana pamberi pokutongwa, zvikurukuru mumhuri nemumishumo yebvumirano.

Kubvisa Muropa

Kutora muitiro wakarongwa zvikuru umo mapati anopa nhau yawo kuvamiriri mumwe kana kuti vakawanda vasingatori rutivi, uyo anopa chisarudzo chinosungisa (mubayiro). Kutora kunowanzova kunokurumidza uye kunodhura zvikuru kupfuura kuedzwa, asi maruramiro okuwana nokukwirira kazhinji kazhinji akaganhurirwa. Vatengi vazhinji nebvumirano zvebasa zvinobatanidza zvikamu zvinosungirwa zvemitemo, muitiro wakanyandura gakava pamusoro peruramisiro nokuwana matare.

Kuvhiringika

Kutaurirana ikurukurirano yakananga pakati pebato (kana kuti magweta avo) kupedza gakava pasina rutivi rwechitatu. Kunogona kuitika padanho ripi neripi, uye mashoko acho ose ari panzvimbo yacho. Kukurukurirana kunobudirira kunoda kurukurirano yakanaka yokutenda, kurangarira kwapachokwadi kwengozi, uye kudisa kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira.

Nokuda kwebetsero nemhinganidzo dzeADR, Chikamu cheAmerican Bar Association cheDispute Resolution chinogovera zviwanikwa zvakawanda. Mukuwedzera, United States Institute of Peace inogovera kupetwa kwakaenzana kwemienzaniso yakasiana--- siyana yeADR.

Basa Revatengi Mumhosva Dzehurumende

Mitoro yavo inopedza chiitiko chose choupenyu, kubva pakutanga kukurukura kusvika pakusarudza kwokupedzisira.

  • Kunzvera uye Sitarateji:[[FLT: 1] Varapi vanoyera simba noutera hwenhau, vanorumbidza kana kuronda kuwirirana kana kuti kugadzikisa, uye vakudziridza gadziriro yapamutemo inotsinhirana nenharidzano nebhajeti yemari yomutengi.
  • Kunzvera nokudzokorora: Mapepa anonzvera mirau, mirau, uye pamberi penhau mutemo wokutsigira nharo dzavo. Vanonyora zvikumbiro, kufambiswa, zvikumbiro, uye zvinyorwa zvomutauro wakananga kudzivisa misungo yemifungo.
  • Vatarisiri vemitemo vanotarisira kutsinhana kwoufakazi, kugadzirira vatengi nezvipupuriro nokuda kwezvinodikanwa zvisina kufanira. Muzvinoitika zvakaoma, vangapinza hofisi nyanzvi dzakafanana navanobharanisa mari kana kuti varapi.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kumirira: Pakutongwa, zano rinopa kutaura kwokuzarura nokupfiga, zvapupu zvinonzvera, uye rinoita nhau dzapamutemo. Gweta rinotonga rine unyanzvi rinogona kuita kana kuti kuputsa nhau.
  • Gadziriro:[ Kunyange mukati mekutongwa, mapoka anowanzotaurirana. Kukwanisa kwegweta kuwana ukoshi hwenhau ndokunyengetedza rumwe rutivi kunokosha kuti usvike nharaunda yakanaka.

Vatengi vanofanirawo kunamatira kumitemo yetsika, kubatanidza kuvanza (ropafadzo yapachivande) uye kudzivisa rwisano dzefariro. [[FLT: 0] DABA’s Model Migation of Professional Palement[[[FLT: 1] inogovera mipimo inodzora nokuda kwenyika zhinjisa.

Kukosha Kwegadziriro Yokutonga Kwehurumende

Gadziriro yeruramisiro yavagari vemo inotsigira nhevedzano yenzanga nedzikamo yezvemari munzira nhatu dzinokosha:

  • Access kuRuramisiro: Apo vanhu kana kuti makambani anotadzirwa, gadziriro yavagari vemo inogovera nzira ine rugare, yapamutemo yokutsvaka nayo nyaradzo (kunyange kunoreva kuwanazve zvinhu zvakabiwa, kutsiva kuvadziko, kana kuti kusimbisa chibvumirano. Kana kusina iko, vanhu vangatendeukira kukuyamura vamene, ruramisiro yokungwarira, kana kuti kungotora zvakashata kurasikirwa.
  • Conflict Resolution: kupfurikidza nokugovera mutoo wakarongeka, unotsamira pamitemo, gadziriro inoderedza ngozi yokuti gakava rinowedzera kuva masimba masimba kana kuti rwisano dzinopfuurira. Dare rinova nzvimbo inova ivhuro umo ufakazi nokurangarira zvinokurira pamusoro pemirangariro nesimba.
  • Dare revagari vemo reSangano reChirevo: Rinoparira mienzaniso yemitemo inotungamirira mufambiro womunguva yemberi. Zviitiko zveLandmark(sa wn v. Dare reDzidzidzo[ (kuenzana) kana kuti Kofi [[FLT]] ichinhu chinokosha chokudzidza muenzaniso wakadaro.
  • Sacial Stability and Economic Exchange Exchange Advential: Gadziriro yemitemo yavagari vemo inodeya kuzivikanwa mubvumirano dzebhizimisi. Makambani anogona kuisa mari yedzimbahwe achiziva kuti zvibvumirano zvichamanikidzirwa uye kuti vanogona kukwirira nokuda kwokupunzwa kana kuri madikanwa. Chivimbo ichi chinopfavisa kutengeserana nokuvandudza.

Zvinetso Nekuchinja Mugadziriro Yokutonga Kwehurumende

Pasinei zvapo namasimba ayo, gadziriro yeruramisiro yavagari vemo inotarisana netsoropodzo. Mhaka dzinowanzotora makore kupedza, uye mari inobhadharwa nejeni, zvapupu zvine unyanzvi, mibhadharo yedare (ndaudzo yedare) inogona kuva inorambidza. MaAmerica mazhinji haagoni kubhadhara gweta nokuda kwenhau dzevagari vemo, zvichitungamirira ku “mukaha weruramisiro.” Kuwedzera, kuoma kwekuwana nemitemo yemiitiro yemitemo zvinogona kukanganisa kuzvimiririra.

Kuedza kuchinja zvinhu kunosanganisira:

  • [[[FOLT]Courted ADR: matare mazhinji zvino anoraira kutsiva kana kuti kurangarira kwokutanga kwokusatora rutivi kuderedza mitoro yepachiteshi.
  • Chiratidzo: Dzimwe nyika dzakatanga zvimiro zviri nyore nemiitiro yakarongwa nokuda kwezvinenge zvichitaurwa zviduku kana kuti zvirwere zvezuva zvakaderera.
  • Conline Dispute Resolution (ODR): Platforms dzakaita seModria (zvino rutivi rweTyler Techniologies) dzinobvumira mapati kupedza nharo dzinodokuva, nekurukurirano, kutaurirana, uye zvishandiso zvokudzosera. [[FLT:] Centreal Center for State Courts[
  • [[[NHAU]] REGARY Aid Fund: Mhindu dzakafanana neSangano reBasa reMitemo yeMutemo (LSC) rinoshanda kupa betsero yapamutemo yapachena yapamutemo kuvagari veAmerica vanowana vakaderera, asi mari inoramba isingaripi.

Nokuda kwaavo vari kurangarira kuronga mhaka yehurumende, kubvunza gweta rine ruzivo rwokuzviwanira kukurumidza kunorumbidzwa zvikuru, asi nokuda kwezvinotaurwa zviduku, matare akawanda ehurumende anopa nzvimbo dzokuzviyamura dzoumba maraibhurari paIndaneti. U.S. website yedare [ inogovera nhungamiro kumiitiro yedare rehurumende.

mhedziso

Gadziriro yeruramisiro yavagari vemo inopfuura zvikuru dziviriro kumatare outsotsi ($) ndiyo injini huru yokupedza rwisano dzisingaverengeki dzinomuka muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kubva pabvumirano yakaputsika kuchinhu chakashata, kubva kufenzi inopindira kusvikira kunhaka inokakavadzana, mutemo wehurumende unopa mitemo nemishonga inobvumira vanhu kufambira mberi. Kunzwisisa kuti tsika inoshanda sei inopa vanhu simba rokusimbisa kodzero dzavo, kutaura nenzira inobudirira, uye, apo kunenge kuri madikanwa, kuronda kugadziriswa nechivimbo. Nepo zvinetso zvichiramba zvichiripo, kuchinja kunopfuurira uye kushandiswa kwechisarudzo chakasiana - simbi kuri kuita kuti ruramisiro isvike zvikuru, nokukurumidza, uye kukwanisa zvikuru nokuda kwomunhu ari wose.