Gadziriro yemitemo injini yedemokrati() nzira yakarongeka inoitwa nomutemo unokarakadzwa, unonzi mutemo, usati wava unosunga. Kuvambira papfungwa yokutanga yakanyorwa noruoko kusvikira kusigi yePurezidhendi kana kuti vhato inodzorwa, ganhuriro imwe neimwe yenhano, kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira, uye mitemo yebumbiro remitemo. Kuvadzidzisiswa kweiyi rwendo kunozivisa kuti muitiro wavose unoitwa sei uye kuti vagari vemo vanogona sei kuupesvedzera. Iyi nhungamiro yakakudziridza nzvimbo iri yose muudzame, ichinangidzira pagadziriro yeUnited States yehurumende nepo isati ichicherekedza misiyano mikuru.

Chii Chiri Gadziriro Yomutemo?

Gadziriro yomutemo inhevedzano yemirau nemiitiro inoshandiswa nedare remitemo . yakadai seUnited States Congress, chibvumirano chehurumende, kana kuti paramende (chokurangarira nokuisa mitemo. Nepo zvisimbwa zvichisiana munyika dzose, zvinhu zvinoramba zvisingachinji zvinoshamisa: kutanga, hwirudzuro yedare, kurukurirano youriri, kuvhota, uye tendero yehurumende. MuUnited States, muitiro unononoka noune urefu, unorongedzerwa kudzivisa mutemo nokukurudzira bvumirano yakafara. Kamuro rimwe nerimwe reCongress (Imba yaVamiriridzi neDare) rine mitemo yaro imene, asi gadziriro yose inotangwa neBumbiro remitemo uye kupfurikidza namakumi amakore.

Rwendo Rweboka: Nhano Nenhanho

1. Kugadzira uye Kutsigira

Mutemo mumwe nomumwe unotanga sepfungwa. Pfungwa iyoyo ingabva kunhengo yeCongress, mudivi, mugamuchiri, sangano rehurumende, kana kuti kunyange Purezidhendi. Nyanzvi . (kazhinji kazhinji Office yeImba yeGalislatity Replace Counser kana kuti [[FLT]] Office yeLegislative Application Reaunce[[FLT]]]] [_kazhinji kunobva ku [[FLT] transfer dissssss resignation in al. Mutengidziyo anofanira kurangarira mirau iripo, muganhu wemitemo, uye jambwa papurogiramu dzehurumende. Chibvumirano chinopedzwa ipapo chinotsigirwa nenzira yakarongwa nomumwe muNzvikamu kana kuti zvipfuumbiso. Chirati chinogona kuva nechikamu chimwe muNzvipo; chibvumirano chitsigiriso chitsi chapa chinoitwa mudare chinoitwa.

Kutanga uye Kuzora

Mutsigiri anosuma mutengo wacho kupfurikidza nokuuisa mu Phoshot (bhokisi remiti padhesiki reNzvimbo youbharani) kana kuti nokuuisa pauriri hweDare. pamutemo unogoverwa nhamba([[. R. 12.234[FLT]] muNyumba, . 567] muDare (nati. zvino rinonongedzerwa kudare rimwe kana kuti mamwe matare ane chiremera pamusoro penhau. Reteraltic inokosha: kana kuti upenyu kana kuti kufa. Kutaura kweHouse's' ([FLTLT]]] [Fomati]]

Chiito cheDare

Matare ndiwo umo muitiro wemitemo unova wokufara. Dare rimwe nerimwe (murevo, Judicary, Nzira neFracts), rine vashandi nechigaro chinodzora zvirongwa. Matanho ari mudare anobatanidza:

Mubatanidzwa Wakaderera Wokurangarira

Mabhiri mazhinji anotumirwa kutanga kudare duku rinopa miganhu yenhau. Kosita duku ine zvapupu zvinofadza zvinobva kumasangano ehurumende, mapoka ezviwaro, uye ruzhinji(*kuunganidza chipupuriro noufakazi. Kunzwa ifafitera ravose mukurukurirano yemiitiro; manyoro anobudiswa mu [[FLT: 0] Conrional Record. Pashure pokunzwa, muteveri muduku unobata purogiramu yemabhii [, apo mitezo inokarakadza uye inovhotera pami. Mutengi anogona kunyorazve pepa racho.

Dare Rakazara Rinotevedzera

Gwaro rakahwirudzurwa rinodzokera kudare rakazara, iro ringachengeta kutongwa kwokuwedzera kana kuti rinopfuurira zvakananga kupiwa. Mukati mokubhadharwa, mitezo yedare inokurukura chikamu chimwe nechimwe ndokupa kugadziriswa. Chibvumirano chinogona kuchinjwa nenzira inoshamisa(kana kuti kunyange kutsiviwa chose chose ne mikwidzo yezvitsidzo [. Kana mushumo wakanaka unotumira chitupa bhii kuuriri norugwaro runotsanangura chinangwa chepepa uye chishavo.

Basa Romushumo Wedare

Mushumo wedare igwaro rinokosha. Inobatanidza mashoko epepa racho serakashumwa, kunzvera kwechikamu nechikamu, fungidziro dzendyiko dzeCongregational Bactal Office (CBO), uye kazhinji kazhinji mirangariro mishomanene kana kuti mimwe inobva kumitezo inopesana.

4 Kuita Zvinooneka Mudare Rokutanga

Pashure pokunge chikwereti chashumwa, chinoiswa pa calendar yekamuri rakazara. MuImba, Dare [ rinomutsa [[FLT] chirevo] chi [[[FLT]] chirevo [ chinodzora [chinobvumira mashoko okukakavadzana: kuti inguva yakawanda sei, inobvumirwa, uye kana muvhoti unogona kumanikidzwa. MuDare, Mukuru, mukukurukurirana neMutungamiriri weMiduku, purogiramu yenharo. dare rinobvumira kurukurirano isingaganhurirwi kutonge kuverwa (ri pasi apa).

Nharo Dzapasi

Mitezo inotaura nokuda kana kuti kupesana. MuImba, gakava rinowanzodzorwa zvakasimba nomutemo; kugadziridzwa kunofanira kuva kwakaipa. MuDare, gakava rakajeka zvikuru, uye vamiriri vangapa zvigadzikiso zvisati zviri zvigaro (vakwiri). Mukuru mukuru anoziva mitezo, uye nguva inokamuraniswa pakati pavatsigiri navashori. Kutaura kunofanira kunyorwa mu [[FLT: 0]] Connoraferatal Record [[[FLT: 1]] uye kungashandiswa gare gare nokuda kwedudziro yapamutemo.

Kurumisa

Kana nharo dzangopera, vavhoti vepanzvimbo yacho. Mitoo yacho inosanganisira:

  • Vota [ - Mitezo inodanidzira kuti “ee” kana kuti“aiwa”; mukuru mukuru anotungamirira anotonga muuyo. Anoshandiswa nokuda kwezvikwereti zvisina kubatanidzwa.
  • Pepanhau vhoti - Mitezo inofanira kuverengwa. Inopa chinyorwa chaavo vakavhota asi kwete mazita avanhu.
  • Savota yakatemwa - Mitezo inoisa kadhi rokuvhota mumuchina wemagetsi; mazita namavhoti zvinoratidzirwa.
  • shevedzo inokodzera vhoti [Sanita] – Mabharani anodana mumwe nomumwe zita resenator; pepa rinorekodha vhoti.

Ruzhinji rweavo varipo uye vanovhota (vanowanzova 218 muImba, 51 muDare) runodikanirwa nokuda kwokupfuudzwa, kutoti Bumbiro reMitemo richida voruzhinji zvikuru (muchib., nokuda kwezvibvumirano, kusimudzirwa).

5. Kuitira Hanya Mune Imwe Dare

Pashure pokupfuudza imwe kamuri, muromo wacho unopfuudzirwa kune imwe. Kamuri rechipiri ringagamuchira mashoko chaiwoiwo ndokuatumira zvakananga kuna Purezidhendi, asi kazhinji kazhinji zvikuru rinotora shanduro yayo imene, kudzokorora muitiro wedare nouriri. Kana kamuri rechipiri rikapfuudza shanduro yakagadziridzwa, mutezo wacho unodzokera kunzvimbo yokutanga nokuda kwokubvumirana. Kamuri rokutanga rinogona kugamuchira gadziridzo (kuendesa mutemo kuPurezidhendi), kana kuti kuaramba ndokukumbira dare redare remisangano.

Kugadzirisa Misiyano: Dare Romusangano

Kana makamuri maviri asingagoni kubvumirana, dare remusangano rinoumbwa kubva kumitezo yavakuru yematare anokosha mukamuri rimwe nerimwe. Vanopiwa vanosangana kuti vataure chibvumirano chepepa. Vanoshanda pasi pemirayiridzo yorumano: vanogona bedzi kukurukura mativi okusabvumirana, kwete kunyorazve zvikamu zvisina ukama. yokupedzisira] mushumo wokusabvumirana pane zvisina kufanira[, kubatanidza mashoko okubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira uye mashoko akabatana, zvinoenda kudzimba dzose nokuda kwevhota pasina kudzoserwazve. Kana vose vari vaviri vabvumira, mushumo wacho unobviswa nokuda kwaPustrente.

Kutora Basa Rehurumende

Kana makamuri ose ari maviri angopfuura mutauro mumwe chetewo, mutongo unonyoreswa ndokupiwa mudzori. Mutungamiriri wenyika anemazuva anegumi okuita basa;

  • [ Chiratidzo pamutemo [ - Chinova mutemo nokukurumidza kana kuti musi unobudirira unodudzwa mubhiri.
  • Mutengo [ – Purezidhendi anodzorera mutongo wacho nezvirambidzo. Congress inogona kudzora kupfurikidza nevhoti mbiri ne 3 muimba imwe neimwe.
  • Usaita chiito apo Congress inenge iri muchirongwa - Mutengo unova mutemo pasina siginicha pashure pamazuva gumi.
  • Pocket vento - Kana Congress dzinowirirana mukati menhambo yamazuva gumi, mutongo unofa.

Kukunda mabhakitiriya hakuwanzoitiki; zvikamu zvinenge 4 kubva muzana zvemavetoe ndizvo chete zvave zvisinganyatsoonekwi munhau yeAmerica.

8. Kuzivisa Nokutsigira

Pakangoitwa, mutemo wavose unogoverwa nhamba (mh., Mutemo wavose 118-1) uye unobudiswa neHurumende Office Yokubudisa. Rugwaro rwacho runobatanidzwa mu United States Confect ] . . . . . . . . Archivist yeUnited States inopa mutemo. Citizence, magweta, uye masangano ehurumende anogona kuvhura mutemo kupfurikidza nezviteshi zvakadai se Govfox.]

Vatambi Vanokosha Mugadziriro Yomutemo

Kunze kwavatsigiri, nhamba dzinoverengeka dzinoshandisa pesvedzero yakakwirira:

  • Mutauri weImba [ - Chinogadza purogiramu yemitemo, migove yedare, uye kugadza Dare reMitemo zhinji.
  • Sarudza Mutungamiriri weMaritity - Shedynal chiito chapauriri, kudzora karenda, uye kutaurirana zvibvumirano zvokubvumirana.
  • [[FOL:0] Committee Chaipe[[FL:1] - Kudzora kunzwa, kuuyisa, uye kana muromo uchipfuurira mberi.
  • Dare (Imba) - Kusarudza miganhu nokuda kwekurukurirano youriri negadziridzo.
  • Party Wips – Bala vhoti nokunyengetedza mitezo kutsigira kana kuti kushora mutemo.
  • President Pro Tempore (Sangano) - A basa retsika zvikurukuru; mabasa chaiwoiwo okutungamirira anowanzopiwa kuvatarisiri vaduku.
  • Mutarisiri weParamende – Mumiriri asiri muparista anodudzira mitemo nemienzaniso yomukuru mukuru anotungamirira.

Chibage uye Chiso

MuDare, filbuster inobvumira mutevedzeri we 60 senator. Chikamu (chokunonoka kana kuti kuvhara kupfurikidza nokutaura nokusingagumi. Nzira bedzi yokugumisa nayo filbuster kukumbira [ vhunhuro[, inoda kuti muganhu we 60 metatorss. Miganhu yeremaremaminitsi ive ma 30 okuwedzera. Iyi nzira inotsanangura chikonzero nei zvikwereti zvikuru zvakawanda zvichida kuvhotera 60 kuti zviitwe, kunyange kana kuti voruzhinji bedzi vanodikanwa nokuda kwechikamu chokupedzisira. Mumakumi amakore achangobva kupfuura, kushandiswa kwechidivi, kuchitungamirira kudanidza nokuda kwechinjo. Dzero, muitiro chaiwo, kudzivisa kubhadharwa kwemari inobhadharwa nokubhadharwa kwemari inobhadharwa asi inoganhurirwa kudirwa kwegore rimwe nerimwe.

Zvinetso uye Kuchinja Zvinhu

Gadziriro yomutemo haisati iri isina tsoropodzo. Quick() kusakwanisa kuisa mutemo nemhaka yemapoka akapesana(ave anozivikanwa zvikuru. Kuwedzera nokuwedzera kushandiswa kwemonilbuster muDare kazhinji kazhinji kunoramba kutsigirwa nevoruzhinji. Dzimwe denho dzinobatanidza pesvedzero yavadaviri vemibato nefariro chaidzo, kuoma kwemari yemari, uye kombamiro yokubatanidza vatasvi kuti vatasvi kuti vasare mutemo wokufambisa. Zvinjo dzinokarakadzwa dzinobatanidza kuganhurira vaNevalbuster, kuraira zvikwereti zvinotendwa nomugariro wakajeka mudare. Kunzwisisa izvi zvinobetsera kuti gadziriro yetsika inoshanda nenzira inobudirira.

Nei Kunzwisisa Gadziriro Yomutemo Kuchikosha Nokuda Kwedzidzo Yechibharo

Kudzidzisa gadziriro yomutemo kunoshongedzera vadzidzi nezivo inokosha yavagari vemo. Kunoratidza kuti vagari vemowo zvavo vanogona sei kupesvedzera hurumende kupfurikidza nokuonana navamiririri, kupupurira pahuru hwenhau, kana kuti kuumba mapoka evafundisi. Kunojekeserawo ukoshi hwokubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira, mutemo, uye zvikamu zvinodzivirira uye dzikamo zvinodzivirira kodzero dzechipokanwa. Kupfurikidza nokubatanidza muitiro wacho. Kubvisa zvikwereti, kubata zvikwereti zvokunyengedzera, uye kukwikwidzana pauriri hunodokusvika hwedai.

Mashoko Anokosha

  • [ BHIL[ – A mutemo unokarakadzwa uchirangarirwa nedare remitemo.
  • Chisarudzo - Kuratidzirwa kwakarongwa kwomurangariro kana kuti donzo kupfurikidza nekamuri rimwe kana kuti dzose dziri mbiri (mh., chisarudzo chapanguva imwe, chisarudzo chakapfava).
  • [[[FMT:0] Committee Referral[[FL:1] - Mugove webhirindi kudare rakamira rakafanira.
  • [ Kunzwa[ – Rusando rwedare rwokuunganidza chipupuriro papepa kana kuti chinyorwa.
  • [ Chiratidzo – Muitiro wokudzosa mutezo padare kana kuti mwero webasa duku.
  • Mushumo – dare rakanyorwa richitaura nezvemari uye zvikarakadzo zvedare.
  • [ Calendar – Ndaza yemabhiri kumirira chiito chapauriri.
  • RURE[ [Imba] – Chisarudzo chinobva kukurukurirano inodzora Mitemo yeDare uye kugadziridzwa kwechibvumirano chakananga.
  • [[[Nharo] Nharo [[FLT] - Kurangarira muromo panzvimbo yakazara nehurukuro.
  • German Endment – Kugadziridzwa kunowirirana zvakananga nenhau yemari.
  • Korosa danidziro - Sarudzo umo zita romutezo mumwe nomumwe nevhoti zvinonyorwa.
  • FIBUster - kurukurirano yakawedzera kunonotsa vhoti muDare.
  • [[FFT:0] [ - Muitiro wokugumisa filbuster kupfurikidza nevhoti yetatu.
  • Komiti yeConference – dare rechinguvana reNzvimbo nemitezo yeDare kuyananisa zvimiro zvakasiana - siana zvechibvumirano.
  • Veto – kuramba kwaPurezidhendi mutemo kwakapfuudzwa neDare.
  • [[[FOLT:0] Pocket Veto - Isingachinji vhato apo Purezidhendi haasati aita chiito pagweta mukati mamazuva gumi apo Congress inenge yapfuudzwa.
  • [ kutadza kuziva – kukwanisa kweDare kuita mutemo pasinei zvapo neveto yapurezidhendi, inoda masubhiri maviri edzimba dzose dziri mbiri.
  • [[[FOL:0] Mutemo wePublic – A mutemo wakasainwa naPurezidhendi kana kuti wakapfuudzwa pavhuro ndokuva mutemo.
  • [[[NU] SATA commandy Code - Kunyorwa kwemitemo yeUnited States yakarongwa nenyaya (Bumbiro remitemo reU.S.).

Kumwe Kurava Nezviwanikwa

Kuti ukudziridze kunzwisisa kwako muitiro wemitemo, ongorora aya manyuko ane chiremera: