Hurumende ndidzo musimboti woupenyu hwezuva nezuva hweAmerica, dzinoumba chinhu chiri chose kubva mumigwagwa yatinofamba tichienda kuvana vedu vanopinda. Nepo hurumende yehurumende muWashington, D.C., inowanzova misoro mikuru yenhau, ihurumende dzehurumende dzinoshandisa chiremera chakananga zvikurusa pamabasa ezuva riri rose avagari vemo. Nyika imwe neimwe pa50 inoshandisa hurumende yayo inotonga yadzo imene, yakavakirwa muU.S. Constitution of the Tenth Amendment, iyo inochengeta masimba ose asingapiwi kuhurumende yehurumende yehurumende. Iyi inoumba raumbishina dhio yehurumende yehurumende ine simba, umo hurumende inoedza nemitemo yedzidzo yedzidzo, youtano, yezvokufambisa chengeteko yavose. Kunzwisisa mitoro yose yehurumende kunokosha nokuda kwokuvakwa kwevagari vehurumende, mudzidzisi, kana kuti vadzidzi vamanzwisiso chaizvoizvo kuhurumende kuAmerica kudzora.

Kupfuudzira Hurumende Dzehurumende

United States irepabhuriki yehurumende, simba rinoreva rinokamuraniswa pakati pehurumende yorudzi nehurumende dzehurumende. Bumbiro rimwe nerimwe remitemo rinosimbisa gadziriro yaro rimene yehurumende, iyo inoratidzira muenzaniso wehurumende asi ine misiano inokosha yomunzvimbomo. Hurumende dzine simba renyika — ndiko kuti, dzinogona kuita pachinhu chipi nechipi chisina kurambidzwa zvakananga neU.S. Constitution kana kuti bumbiro remitemo rehurumende. Ikoku kunobatanidza chiremera chikurusa pamusoro pezvokutengeserana kwehurumende, mutemo wemhuri, mutemo woutsotsi, mutemo wezvinhu, uye utano hwavanhu vose.

Hurumende dzakarongwa kupoteredza mapazu matatu akasiyana: vakuru vakuru, vatongi, uye vatongi. Kuparadzana kwamasimba nenzvero nedzinoyera zvinoshanda pamwero wenyika sezvadzinoita muhurumende, asi nemativi akasiana akadai samasimba egubernerator, nhano, uye masuturo ayo anosiana munyika nehurumende. Simba nechiremera zvehurumende zvachinja nokufamba kwenguva, zvikurukuru kupfurikidza nezvisarudzo zveDare Gurusa nemitemo, asi anotaura kuti zvinoramba zviri manyuko makuru ehurumende nokuda kwevagari veAmerica vazhinjisa.

Mapazi Ehurumende

Bazu Rine Vatungamiriri

Atungamirirwa nagavhuna, bazu guru rinoisa mitemo yehurumende uye rinotarisira mabasa ezuva nezuva emasangano ehurumende. Gavhuna anobatira samukuru mukuru wehurumende uye kazhinji kazhinji ane masimba anobatanidza chiremera chemutsetse wezvinhu zvinobatanidza (safanana naPrezidhendi weU.S.), kugadza vakuru vemasangano, murairo weNational Guard, uye mano okupa mirairo yehurumende. Masangano mazhinji anosarudzawo vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vadzo vakasiana nagavhuna, vakadai sagavhuna mukuru mukuru mukuru, mutongi mukuru mukuru, munyori wehurumende, uye muvengi wemari, kugadzira mutungamiriri mukuru mukuru wehurumende anoparadzira simba.

Bazu Romutemo

Nyika iri yose kunze kweNebraska ine chibvumirano chemitemo chebhiharal chinoumbwa neDare reSametal neNhare yaVamiririri (Nebraska murwi wedare wekunaya wegameral idikanwi yakatanhamara). Vaiti vemitemo vehurumende vane mutoro wokugadzira nokupa mitemo pamhatsa yakasiyana-zhinji yenhau, kubatanidza mitero, dzidzo, zvokufambisa, uye utano hwavose. Muitiro wemitemo unochinja asi unobatanidza chaizvoizvo kunzwa kwedare, kurukurirano dzapauriri, uye gabhuernerator. Mitengo yakawanda inobvumirawo kuisa zvakananga mitemo kupfurikidza nokutanga kana kuti kunongedzera kumiitiro yetsika, kupa vagari vemo chishandiso chine simba nokuda kwokuita. National Registrations [FLT]

Bazu Rokutonga

Dare rehurumende rinotsanangura bumbiro remitemo nemirau, uye rinobata ruzhinji rukurusa rwenhau dzapamutemo muUnited States. Hurumende imwe neimwe ine tsika yayo imene yedare, zvikurukuru kubatanidza matare okutonga, matare ehurumende, uye dare rapamusorosoro rehurumende. Vatongi vehurumende vanosarudzwa kupfurikidza nemitoo yakasiana---------shanje kana kuti isiri yeparati, sarudzo yedare, kana kuti chisarudzo chakavakirwa pahwaro hwakavakirwa pakafanirwa (Pfungwa yeMissouri). Matare ehurumende anodzivisa chinhu chiri chose kubva mukupunzikwa kwemotokari nenharo dzemhuri kumhakano dzakakomba dzoutsotsi nemho dzapamutemo dzehurumende dzinobatanidza mutemo.

Mitoro Huru Yehurumende Dzehurumende

Hurumende dzine mutoro wemibato yakafara neyakasiana- siyana. Nepo mimwe mitoro ichigoverwa nehurumende yehurumende, hurumende dzinotungamirira munharaunda dzakawanda dzinotapura vagari vemo zvakananga. Pasi apa pane nzvimbo huru dzechiito chehurumende, imwe neimwe inonzverwa muudzame.

Dzidzo

Dzidzo ndiyo mutoro mukuru zvikuru wehurumende dzehurumende.Nyika dzine chiremera chikuru chokutanga nokutsigira masangano edzidzo yavose kubva kukireshi kupfurikidza nedzidzo yapamusoro. Ikoku kunobatanidza kugadza mipimo yedzidzo yedzidzo, kugovera zvinyorwa zvehurumende yose, kurongedza vadzidzisi, uye kuparadzira mari kuruwa rwezvikoro zvomunzvimbomo.

  • K-12 Dzidzo:[[FLT: 1] United States yakagadza gadziriro dzezvidzidzo, zvinodikanwa zvokupedza kufunda, uye zviito zvokuzvidavirira. Nyika zhinji dzakagamuchira Mipimo yeShona Come Core State kana kuti kusimudzira mipimo yadzo dzimene. The All Receeds Act (ESA) inopa machinjiro akatanhamara mukuyera kushanda kwechikoro uye kupindira muzvikoro zvinopa dzidzo yakaderera.
  • Dzidzo yakakwirira: Hurumende dzakakodzera mari kumakoreji avose namayunivhesiti, kugadza mitemo yemibato, uye kushandisa mapurogiramu okuyamura vadzidzi. Mayunivhesiti anobva munyika, akagadzwa pasi peMorrill Acts, anoramba ari shongwe dzemiitiro yedzidzo yakakwirira zvikuru.
  • Chikoro chapakuvamba: Manyika mazhinji zvino anotsigira mapurogiramu apamberi pemamongi uye anodzora nzvimbo dzokutarisira vana, achiziva ukoshi hwedzidzo yapakuvamba.

Kubhadharira dzidzo zvikurukuru kunobva muvhenganiswa yemitero yemari inotambirwa nehurumende, mitero yemari, uye mitero yenzvimbo yomunzvimbomo, zvinotungamirira kumisiyano mikuru pakati penyika namaruwa. Nokuda kwokupfupikiswa kwemiitiro yedzidzo yehurumende, Commission of the States inogovera mitengo yakawanda.

Zvekufambisa

Hurumende dzine mutoro wokuvaka, kuchengetedza, uye kushandisa migwagwa mikuru yenyika. Interstate Highway System inotsigirwa nehurumende asi inoshandiswa nehurumende, uye madhipatimendi ehurumende ezvokufambisa anotarisira zviuru zvemakiromita emigwagwa yehurumende, mabhiriji, uye migero. Kuwedzera kune izvi, nyika dzinotarisira gadziriro dzokufambisa vanhu, nhandare dzendege, uye zviteshi zvengarava.

  • Roads neBridges: United States inotsigira kuvakwa nokugadziriswa kupfurikidza nemitero yepeturu, mitero yemotokari, uye mibhadharo yemitero. Hurumende zhinji dziri kuedza mitero yakavakirwa pamamita sezvo kusanoita kwepeturu kunoderedza mari yomutero wepeturu.
  • Transitus: Hurumende dzinogovera tsigiro yemari netarisiro yemabhazi, njanji inorerukira, uye njanji inofambiswa. Dzimwe nyika dzakaita zviremera zvenzvimbo dzokufambisa kuti zvitsinhiranise mabasa kumativi ose.
  • Traffic Safety:[ United States inogadza ganhuriro dzesipiti, mitemo yokutyaira yakadhakwa, uye zvinodikanwa zvokutyaira. Vanodzorawo kunzvera kwemotokari nokunyoresa, pamwe chete nokudzorwa kwamarezenisi omutyairi.

Mamiriro ezvinhu ezvirongwa zvehurumende anotapura zvakananga kugadzirwa kwemari uye kunaka kwoupenyu. American Society of Civil Engineers inopa kadhi remishumo yenzvimbo yehurumende pamusoro pegadziriro dzinosimbisa mwero wezvinodikanwa zvemari.

Kutarisira Utano Noutano Hwavose

Hurumende ndidzo dzinotsigira gadziriro yezvoutano yeAmerica. Kupfurikidza nokutarisirwa kweMedicaid, kutarisirwa kwemisika yeinishuwarenzi, uye nhano dzoutano dzavose, hurumende dzinopesvedzera miuyo youtano yamamirioni avanhu. Affordcable Care Act yehurumende inokudza mabasa ehurumende kupfurikidza nokuvabvumira kuita tsinhano dzoutano dzeMedicaid eligime.

  • Medicaid: Iyi gadziriro yakabatana yehurumende inogovera kurukurirano youtano kuvanhu vanowana mari shoma, vana, vakadzi vane mimba, uye vanhu vakaremara. Nyika dzinosarudza kuva nemari, betsero, uye mari yokuripira mukati menhungamiro dzomubatanidzwa. Masangano 40 akakudza Medicaid pasi peA, asi zvitsama zvinoverengeka zvinosara.
  • Madhipatimendi ezvoutano eHurumende anotsvaka hosha, anoitisa nhomba, anosimudzira mufambiro wakanaka, uye anogamuchira kuvamba kwehosha. Vanobvumirawo zvipatara, misha youremu, uye zvimwe zvivako zvokurapa.
  • [[FLT: 0] Rongedzero:[[FLT: 1] raisensi yeUnited States uye inodzora vatarisiri vose vezvoutano, kubatanidza vanachiremba, vakoti, vagadziri vemishonga, uye vanachiremba vamazino, vachivimbisa mipimo miduku yezvikwaniriso nekotsekano.

Nokuda kwamashoko akawanda pamusoro pemibato youtano yavose, shanyira CDC yehurumende yezvoutano .

Kuchengeteka Kworuzhinji Neruramisiro Yeutsotsi

Kuchengeta nhevedzano yavose uye kudzivirira vagari vemo ibasa guru rehurumende.

  • Raw Enictedment: mapurisa ehurumende anomanikidzira mitemo yomumugwagwa, anonzvera mhaka, uye anobetsera mapurisa omunzvimbomo. Gweta rehurumende rinowanzotungamirira kufeyafeya utsotsi nokusunga zviito zvinobatanidza fariro dzehurumende.
  • Kuranga: United States inotarisira majeri nokuda kwaavo vane mhaka yematsotsi, nepo majeri omunzvimbomo anobata zvisakafanira uye kuchengetwa kusati kwatongwa. Madhipatimendi ehurumende eruramiso anotarisirawo gadziriro dzezvibvumirano nedzokuedzwa.
  • Utarisiri hwekushanda zvakanaka: Masangano ehurumende anotarisira njodzi anoronga kuita ngwavaira, kubvira pamadutu nemwoto mukuru kusvikira kuhosha namagandanga. Anoshanda pedyo neFEMA nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo.
  • Kudzivirira uye Dhipatimendi: Madhipatimendi okudzima moto mazhinjisa ari omunzvimbomo, masangano anoisa bumbiro remitemo rokuvaka, anomanikidzira mipimo yekotsekano yemoto, uye anogovera rovedzo nokuda kwavadzimi vomwoto.

Kukura Kwemari

Hurumende dzinokwikwidzana nokushingaira kukwezva mabhizimisi, kuita mabasa, uye kusimudzira zvinhu. Dzinoshandisa mhatsa yemidziyo, kubatanidza sundo dzemitero, mari, zvirongwa zvokurovedza vashandi, uye mari inopinzwa mari. Masangano ebudiriro yemari yehurumende anogovera zviwanikwa nokuda kwevatengesi namakambani akatangwa zvakafanana.

  • Unani hwebhizimisi: United States inopa zvikwereti zvemitero, mari yemari, uye mari yemipiro kukurudzira makambani kuwana kana kuti kuwedzera mukati memiganhu yawo. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti idzi sundo dzinogona kutungamirira ku “mubatanidzwa wepasi,” asi vatsigiri vanozviona sezvinodikanwa kukwikwidzanisa munyika yose.
  • Development yebasa: United States inopa mari yemakoreji enzanga, zvikoro zvebasa, uye pa-job zvirongwa zvokurovedza kuvaka vashandi vane unyanzvi. Zvirongwa zvebasa rokushanda zvinotsigirwa nenzira inowedzera pamwero wenyika.
  • Information Information: Kupfuura zvokufambisa, nyika dzinoisa mari muInternet yakafara, gadziriro dzemvura, uye mitsetse yesimba, dzichiziva kuti zvinhu zvazvino uno zvinodikanwa nokuda kwokukura kwemari.

Gavhuna veNational Association inoita kuti mitemo yokubudirira kwezvemari nemiitiro yakanakisisa izivikanwe.

Kudzivirirwa Kwezvakatipoteredza Nemanyuko Ezvinhu Zvomuzvarirwo

Kunyange zvazvo Environmental Protection Agency yehurumende ichigadza mitemo munyika yose, hurumende dzine mutoro mukuru wokushandisa nokushandisa mitemo yakawanda yezvakatipoteredza.

  • Air neNhevedzo yemvura:[ masangano eHurumende emhoteredzo anobvumidza kubudisa zvinobudiswa nokuburitswa kwemvura yakashata, kuongorora kunaka kwemhepo, uye kumanikidza mipimo yemvura yakachena. Dzimwe nyika dzinogamuchira mitemo yakakomba kupfuura zvinodikanwa zvehurumende.
  • Nyika Inoshandiswa neZoning: United States inopfuudza mitemo inotungamirira nyika inoshandisa zvisarudzo, inodzivirira nzvimbo dzemhenderekedzo dzegungwa, uye inodzora kukura mumapani anonaya mvura. Kutapura mhoteredzo kwehurumende kwakakurumbira.
  • mapaka eHurumende nehove namasangano emhuka zvinokwanisa mamirioni amaeka nokuda kwenhandaro nedziviriro. Kuchengetedza Hurumende nokuchengeteka kwenzvimbo dzinochengetedzwa.
  • Draked Management: Hurumende dzinodzora kuraswa kwetsvina ine ngozi, mapurogiramu okudzoresazve, uye mabasa okuzadza nzvimbo.

Nokuda kwoudzame hwakawanda, EPA [kubatana kwehurumende peji kunoratidzira kuti kushanda pamwe nehurumende kunoshanda sei.

Mamwe Mabasa Anokosha

Kusarudza Nokunyoresa Mumabhuku

Hurumende dzinoronga mavhota, kubatanidza miitiro yokunyoresa, kuvhota kwokukurumidza, uye kurovha. Hurumende dzinoronga maruwa ehurumende uye maruwa emitemo pashure pokuverengwa kumwe nokumwe, muitiro unowanzonyandura gakava pamusoro pekuvhota.

Kugadzira Magasi uye Kuwedzera

Kunze kwokutarisira utano, nyika dzinobvumira mazana emabasa, kubvira kune vagadziri vemagetsi uye vageri, kusvika kune vanotengesa zvinhu kana kuti vanotarisira mari.

Kubatsira Mhuri Nemagariro Evanhu

Hurumende dzinotarisira mabasa anodzivirira vana, gadziriro dzokutarisira vana, uye zvirongwa zvavakweguru navaremara.

Kutarisira Hurumende Yomunzvimbomo

Hurumende dzinoita uye dzinopa simba hurumende dzemo nehurumende dzemo — maguta, mataundi, uye maruwa chaiwo.

Nyika Dzine Simba: Kudzikamisa Muitiro

Bumbiro reMitemo reU.S. rinogovera dzikamo yakakomba pakati pehurumende nechiremera chehurumende. Nepo hurumende yehurumende ine masimba akakwana pamusoro pokutengeserana kwenyika, ukama hwokumwe, uye dziviriro yorudzi, hurumende dzinochengeta masimba amapurisa kudzivirira utano, chengeteko, garikano, uye tsika dzavagari vadzo. Nharaunda dzakawanda, dzakadai semirauriro yemhoteredzo nechokufambisa, dzinobatanidza masimba enguva imwe anogoveranwa namapoka ose ari maviri. Supremacy Claus anoreva kuti mutemo wehurumende unobvisa mitemo inorwisana yehurumende, asi hurumende yehurumende inowanzova inopindwa kuruwa rwezvirongwa zveMedicaid negadziriro dzemhoteredzo.

Iyi gadziriro yehurumende inobvumira nyika kushanda semarabhoritari ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, kuedza mitemo ingagamuchirwa gare gare munyika. Mienzaniso inobatanidza chinjo dzenzvimbo yeinishuwarenzi youtano dzehurumende, mapurogiramu ecarbon cappe-trade, uye nhano dzedare dzinochinja.

mhedziso

Hurumende dzinopfuura zvikuru zvikamu zviduku zvokutonga zvehurumende yehurumende. Idzo isangano rine simba, rakazvimirira rine mitoro mikuru inotapura rutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu: kubva kudzidzo yavana nekotsekano yemigwagwa kusvikira kurucheno rwemvura nokusasarura. Basa radzo muAmerica rokutonga hakugoni kupfuudzwa. Vadzidzisi, vadzidzi, uye vagari vemo vezuva riri rose, vanonzwisisa upamhi novurefu hwemibato yehurumende inodikanwa nokuda kwokutora rutivi rune rehurumende. Kupfurikidza nokudzidza kushanda kwehurumende uye zvavanodzora, vanhu vamwe navamwe vanogona kuchengeta zviri nani vakuru vakuru vavo vakasarudzwa nokuda kwechinjo dzavo. Kunzvera zvikuru pamusoro pehurumende yako umene, kutanga ne US. Hurumende yehurumende inobetsera uye kushandira upfumi hwako.