Kuparadzaniswa kwamasimba kuva mapazi matatu akaenzana nenziyo nedzitatu (jeni rinotonga, mitemo, uye kutonga) ibwe rekona rebumbiro remitemo reAmerica. Nepo ichinzverwa kazhinji kazhinji mumashoko akapoteredza Washington, D.C., ichi chivako hachisati chiriwo hacho murangariro wehurumende yehurumende yenyika. Chinosimudzirwa, nemisiyano yomunzvimbomo, muhurumende dzose dzine makumi mashanu nezviuru zvehurumende dzeruwa nehurumende dzemanisiparati murudzi. Kunzwisisa kuti iyi inoshanda sei pahurumende yenyika nemwero yomunzvimbomo kunokosha mukunzwisisa ukurusarira kwose kwehurumende yeAmerica yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu uye kurangarira mifungo umo vagari vemo vanogona kubatanidzwa nenzira inobudirira zvikuru nehurumende yavo.

Nheyo Yapakuvamba Yamasimba Akaparadzana

Vagadziri veBumbiro reMitemo reU.S., vachinyora pauzivi hwezvamatongerwe enyika hweMontesquieu, vakaronga gadziriro yokudzivisa kuiswa pasi pesimba. Dzidziso inovapo somuuyo yeparadzano yamasimba inokamuranisa chiremera pakati pamapazu matatu akasiana, rimwe nerimwe rine mabasa akasiyana uye mano okunzvera mamwe. Pamwero worudzi, Congress anoita mitemo, Purezidhendi anoaparadza, uye Judicary anoaaaadudzira.

Iyi nheyo yakanga yakakomba kwazvo zvokuti yakatambanudzirwa kuhurumende, kunyange zvazvo Pession yeTenth inopa rusununguko rwakati kuti mukuedza hurumende dzadzo dzimene. Somuuyo, bumbiro remitemo rimwe nerimwe rinoratidzira muenzaniso wehurumende, achigadza gavhuna (anotambudza), uye dare rehurumende (regislative), uye dare rehurumende (judicial). Hurumende dzemo, sezvisikwa zvehurumende, dzinonyorerwa kuti dzishande muzvivako zvakafanana, kazhinji kazhinji namadziya akasarudzwa ehurumende, uye mabhii omunzvimbomo. Iyi DNA inovimbisa kuti nheyo yechekero neredhi resiti inowanikwa uye inoonekwa pamwero yose yehurumende. Kunzvera muenzaniso wacho muudzamende, dare rinoshanyira [FLD].[FFU]

Bazu Rine Vatungamiriri Panzvimbo Yomunzvimbomo

Bazu guru muhurumende yomunzvimbomo rine mutoro wekutarisirwa kwezuva nezuva kwamabasa avose nokuchengetwa kwemirau yomunzvimbomo. Zvisinei, chivako charo chinogona kusiana zvikuru zvichitsamira pachata yeparati.

Mayor-Council System

Mutsika yegamuchidzanwa inoiswa mari yemabhakitire , meya anobatira samukuru mukuru webasa, kufanana zvikuru nagavhuna kana kuti purezidhendi. Meya anosarudzwa chaizvoizvo uye anoisa simba pamitemo yedare. Mitoro yemeya inobatanidza kugadzirira bhajeti reguta, kugadza misoro yemapato (mukuru webato, mutungamiriri wemoto, mutungamiriri webasa wavose, uye kusimbisa mitemo yeguta racho inosimudzwa. Simba reguta rinogona kusiana patsika kana guta richishandisa kana kuti ] kana kuti [FLD:]] [FFOLT]]] kana kuti [FFF]]

Gadziriro dzeDare-Mutarisiri weMakuru

Kukura mumukurumbira chifo chapakuvamba kwezana ramakore rechi 20, gadziriro yemaminijala inochatanura utungamiriri hwezvamatongerwe enyika kubva kuvatarisiri vehurumende. Mumuenzaniso uyu, kanzuru yakasarudzwa yeguta inoshanda sedare remitemo uye inogadza miraudzo. Dare ipapo rinopinza dare rezvounyanzvi, risingashandisi bhizimisi kuti ribate mabasa oukuru. Mukuru weguta anotarisira mari, anoripira uye anoshandisa miganhuro yemidhipatimendi yemidhineti, uye anoshandisa miraudzo yemiitiro. Iri dare rinorongedzero kusimudzira kushanda nokubudirira muhurumende yomunzvimbomo.

Vakuru Vakuru Voruwa

Panzvimbo yeruwa, chiremera chavakuru vakuru chinowanzopiwa mukuru akasarudzwa anoona zvinyorwa kana kuti mutungamiriri wenhamba . Munzvimbo zhinji dzomumaruwa, iri basa rinozadzwa nedare ravamiririri vanoita pamwe chete sezvose zviri zviviri boka remitemo neromukuru wehurumende, kubva mukuparadzana kukuru kwamasimba.

Bazi Rine Vatungamiriri Panzvimbo Yehurumende

Mapazu makuru ehurumende akaoma kunzwisisa uye ane simba kupfuura mamwe aanogara nawo. gavhuna ndiye mukuru mukuru, asi bumbiro remitemo rinowanzoparadzira simba revakuru vakuru vakawanda vakasarudzwa.

Basa raGavhuna

Gavhuna ane mutoro nokuda kwe nenzira yokutendeka kuita mitemo yehurumende, achigadzirira bhajeti yehurumende, uye achiraira Hurumende yoUrindi. Masimba emitemo ehurumende anokosha, kubatanidza mano okusaina kana kuti mari inopfuudzwa nedare. Chishandiso chakatanhamara chinowanika kuvatongi vazhinjisa ndiro bhokisi-mutsetse rechikamu to, rinovabvumira kuramba zvikamu zvakati zvechishambadzo chemari chinoshambadzwa pasina kupfuudza chiito chose. Ikoku kugovera nzvero huru paapplitions.

Gadziriro Dzokutungamirira Kukuru

Kusafanana nebazu rehurumende, iro riri rimwe, vakuru vakuru vehurumende kazhinji kazhinji vakawandisa. Voters munyika dzakawanda vanosarudza zvakananga Attorney General (mukuru mukuru wedare repamutemo), Sacretary of State[ [mukuru weSarudzo] [mutenzi mukuru weSarudzo], , [[FLT]] Mumiridzi weDzidzo weDzidzo yeDzipo [[FLT]]. Uku kubudiswa kwesimba kunoreva kuti gavhuna ataure uye ashande navakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa, kuita gadziriro yomukati youridzika mukati menyu yezvikwazvo. Idzi vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vanotarisira basa vadzo vadzo vadzoro.

Bazu Romutemo Panzvimbo Yomunzvimbomo

Mubato womutemo wehurumende yomunzvimbomo unoitwa namasangano akasarudzwa akadai se matare eruwa , mabhodhi evhu, kana kuti misangano yemasangano.

Simba Nemabasa

Masangano emitemo omunzvimbomo ane mutoro wemirairo inopfuvura inodzora nzanga. Ikoku kunobatanidza mitemo yokuronga inosarudza kushandiswa kwenyika, mirau yavose, mwero yemitero yomunzvimbomo (kukosha, kutengesa), uye bhajeti yegore negore yemibato yeguta. Mutumbi weChibvumirano kazhinji kazhinji unodzora "simba rechikwama," kureva kuti unofanira kutendera kutengwa kupi nokupi nepi nebazu rebasa.

Kuronga Mitemo Munzvimbo Yacho

Muitiro wokupasa mutemo womunzvimbomo unoratidzira muitiro wehurumende nehurumende. Mutezo wedare unosuma mutemo unokarakadzwa. Iro rinozonongedzerwa kudare refundo nokunzwa kwavose, uko vagari vemo vanogona kutaura tsigiro yavo kana kuti chishoro. Pashure pokuhwirudzura kwedare, inodzokera kudare rose nokuda kwokuvhota. Kana ikapiwa, inotumirwa kuna meya kana kuti maneja weguta nokuda kwetendero yavakuru vakuru kana kuti kuvavha. Kana yaiswa, dare rinogona kukunda nevhoti yemitesi yemitezo (kazhinji inenge mitatu yemitezo). Chivako ichi chinovimbisa kuti mitemo yomunzvimbomo inoongororwa zvakanaka pamberi pokugamuchirwa.

Masangano akawanda emitemo yomunzvimbomo anoshandawo kupfurikidza negadziriro ye yebasa. Matare akamira akanangidzira ngwariro panzvimbo dzakadai seSafety yapublic, Maniversity, kana kuti Public Works inobvumira mitezo yedare kutanga unyanzvi chaihwo nomufambiro une udzame hwemadhipatimendi makuru.

Bazi Romutemo Panzvimbo Yehurumende

Dzimba dzokutonga dzehurumende ndidzo matare emitemo ane simba zvikuru kunze kweDare.

Zvivako zveBiadral

Kutoti Nebraska, ine unicameral (imba imwe), nyika dzose dzine mabhiyaral commissar staginal anoumbwa neImba yaVamiriri (kana kuti Gungano) neDare. Mitemo yose iri miviri inofanira kupfuura muchimiro chakafanana isati yagona kutumirwa kuna gavhuna. Muitiro wemitemo unobatanidza kunyora mubatanidzwa wechapupu, dare rinonongedzera kudare, kunzwiwa navanhu vose, kurukurirano dzapauriri, uye mavhoti akawanda. Uyu muitiro wamaune unoitwa kuderedza kugadzira mutemo nesimba.

Simba Romutemo Noutariri

Dare rehurumende rine mutoro wokugadza muitiro wedzidzo yehurumende, mutemo woutsotsi, mwero yemitero, uye mari yehurumende inodzorwa. Basa rakakomba rebazu rewirogional i utongi[. Matare emitemo ane mhaka dzokuhwirudzura mabasa esangano rehurumende, achivimbisa kuti mitemo iri kuitwa sechirongwa. Vanogona kuisa zvapupu nezvinyorwa. Chibvumirano chinodzosa simba re kubvisa simba ra kudzora zviremera nevakuru vakuru vehurumende nokuda kwemiitiro yakaipa. Nokuda kwamashoko ane udzame pamusoro penzira inoshanda nayo, [FLT:] National Convention of State State of State [Flatures]]

Bazu Rokutonga Panzvimbo Yomunzvimbomo

Bazu redare rinowanzova bazi rehurumende rinowanika nyore kupfuura mamwe ose nokuda kwevagariwo zvavo, sezvo kukurukurirana kwakawanda kunoitwa nemutemo munzvimbo yacho.

Zvii Zvaiitwa Nematare Omunzvimbomo

Miitiro yedare yomunzvimbomo inobatanidza matare edare eguta, , matare enhau , uye maduku anotaura kuti matare [. Matare anotonga kuputswa kwemitemo yeguta, zvakadai senyunyuto dzoruzha, kuputsa mitemo yemitemo, uye mhosva dzisina kururama. matare emotokari dzemotokari dzinotaura kuti ipote kurwisana nokuisa mabhanana. Makoro maduku anogovera nzvimbo okugadzirisa nhau duku dzevagari vemo (g., muridzi wepabhadharo, mabhineti) pasina kudikanwa kwavamiririri. Idzi dzinowanzo kudzorwa pamusoro pavatongi vanodzorwa kana kuti vakasarudzwa.

Ruramisiro Yenzanga

Vatongi vomunzvimbomo vanoita basa rinokosha mururamisiro yomunzanga. Vanoita zvisarudzo zvokutanga zvechisakiso chinobvira, vanoisa bhero, uye vanoita ruramisiro nokuda kwemhosva dzakakomba zvikuru dzichatongwa mumatare makuru. Kupfurikidza nokupedza nharo duku nokuputswa nokukurumidza uye munzvimbomo, matare aya anoderedza mutoro padare rehurumende ndokugovera pfungwa yakananga yokuzvidavirira nenhevedzano mukati menzanga. Miitiro yezuva kusvikira pazuva yeaya matare inoumba chinoitika chikuru chevoruzhinji nebazu redare rinotonga.

Bazu Rokutonga Panzvimbo Yehurumende

Gadziriro yematare ehurumende inowanzoumba boka revafundisi rakagadzirirwa kuva nechokwadi chokududzirwa kwemutemo kwenguva dzose.

Dare Rehurumende Rinodzora

Masangano mazhinjisa ematare ehurumende akaumbwa mumitsetse mitatu:

  • Dare reChirevo: Iwaya matare enhambo yokutanga apo mhaka dzinotongwa. Anobatanidza matare ehurumende anodzora utsotsi hukuru nemhosva dzavagari vemo, pamwe chete nematare chaiwo sematare emhuri kana kuti matare ehurumende.
  • [[[FLT: 0] Dare reAppleta: Mapati anorasikirwa pamwero wokutonga angafadza dare rapakati. Aya matare haasati achimboedza maidi asi anohwirudzura chinyorwa chokutonga nokuda kwezvikanganiso zvapamutemo zvakaitwa nomutongi anotonga.
  • Dare reChikamu chikurusa: Iri idare rokupedzisira renzira yomutemo wenyika. Zvisarudzo zvaro panhau dzebumbiro remitemo nemitemo ndezvokupedzisira uye zvinosunga. Dare rapamusoro zvikurusa icherekedzo ine simba pamamwe mapazu, sezvo rinogona kurova mitemo inopfuudzwa nedare kana kuti zviito zvinoitwa nagavhuna kana zvichiputsa mutemo wenyika.

Kusarudza Kutonga Nokuzvidavirira

Kusafanana nedare rehurumende, iro rinogadzwa nokuda kwoupenyu, vatongi vehurumende kazhinji kazhinji vanozvidavirira kwakakurumbira. Nyika zhinji dzinosarudza vatongi vavo, nepo dzimwe dzichishandisa gadziriro inofanirwa nechisarudzo (Missouri Plan) umo vatongi vanogadzwa nagavhuna kubva pandandanda yemichina inokwaniriswa uye ipapo kutarisana nerusarudzo rwenhambo nenhambo. Uku kubatana kwakananga nedare rinosarudzwa kunova nechokwadi chokuti bazu redare rinoramba richigamuchira mipimo yehurumende, nepo nheyo yokuzvimirira kwedare inodzivirirwa kupfurikidza nemiraudzo yebasa. Chivako nechiremera chematare ehurumende zvinogona kuongororwazve panhambo nenhambo ne National Center yeHurumende [FLT] .[FLT]

Kuongorora uye Kudzikama Muhurumende uye Muutongi Hwenharaunda

Unyanzvi hwechokwadi hwegadziriro yamabhukwana matatu hahusati huchingova bedzi kuparadzaniswa kwemabasa asi masimba anorongeka anobvumira bazu rimwe nerimwe kuganhurira mamwe. Ikoku kunotamba zuva nezuva mudzimbahwe rehurumende nehoro dzeguta.

Mukuru Mukuru Anoongorora Mutemo

Simba ragavhuna icherekedzo huru yavakuru vakuru padare. Kupfurikidza nokuramba mabhiri, gavhuna anoraira mugavhuna kuti arangarirezve zviito zvake. Vhoti yezvitatu bedzi kana kuti yezvitatu mumakamuri ose ari maviri inogona kukunda chiwiriso, chikuva chakaoma kusangana. Pamwero womunzvimbomo, vareya vanoshanda basa rimwe chetero.

Kuongorora Mutezo Padare

Mitemo inonzvera mukuru mukuru kupfurikidza nesimba rechikwama, dare remitemo, uye simba rokusimbisa. Hurumende dzinofanira kutendera bhajeti yagavhuna uye inogona kuramba kutsigira nhano dzavakuru vakuru. Vanosimbisa kana kuti kuramba vakagadzwa nagavhuna kunzvimbo dzamadare namapazu. Muzvinoitika zvakanyanyisa, mutemi wemitemo anogona kudzosa ndokubvisa gavhuna kana kuti vamwe vakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende. Makurukota emo anoshandisa udzori hwakafanana pameya kana kuti pamaneja weguta.

Kutonga Kunonzvera Kutungamirira Nomutemo

Simba rekuhwirudzura rezvoutongi rinotambanukira kuhurumende dzomunzvimbomo. dare rapamusoro rehurumende rinogona kuzivisa chiito chedare rehurumende rehurumende risingatsigiri hurumende. Nenzira yakafanana, matare ehurumende anogona kushayisa simba zviito zvakaitwa nagavhuna kana kuti masangano ehurumende anodarika mitemo yawo kana kuti chiremera chebumbiro remitemo. Apo mutemo womunzvimbomo unoputsa mutemo kana kuti bumbiro remitemo, idare romunzvimbomo richauparadza. Ikoku kunovimbisa kuti chiito chose chehurumende chinoramba chiri mukati memiganhuro yomutemo.

Chikonzero Nei Tichinzwisisa Hurumende Namapazu Omunzvimbomo

Migwagwa yatinotyaira, kunaka kwemvura yatinonwa, kuchengeteka kwenharaunda dzedu, uye dzidzo inowanikwa nevana vedu zvose zvinokonzerwa nokugadzirwa kwemapazi matatu aya munyika uye munzvimbo yacho.

Mapfundo Okubatanidzwa Kwomugari Wemo

Kunzwisisa chivako ichi kunobatsira vagari vemo kuti vabudirire.

  • Kuvhota: Sarudzo dzomunzvimbomo nehurumende kazhinji kazhinji dzinova nechepfu pane sarudzo dzehurumende, kureva vhoti dzomunhu oga dzine ukoshi hukuru. Kurukuriranisa nokuda kwameya, dare reguta, mumiriri wehurumende, uye kutonga zvakananga vashandi vaaya mapazu matatu.
  • Chipupuriro chePublic:[[FLT: 1] Vagari vemo vanogona kutora rutivi mumuitiro wemitemo kupfurikidza nokutaura pakutonga kwapachena pamusoro pemirairo kana kuti zvikwereti zvinokarakadzwa, vachigovera zvakananga muuyo kubazu romutemo.
  • Kumhanya nokuda kweHofisi: hofisi dzomunharaunda nehurumende ndiwo mahofisi okupinda anosvikika zvikurusa nokuda kwavanhu vanotsvaka kubatira muhurumende.
  • [[FORT:0] Basa rekuimba:[[FLT: 1] Kubatira padare rinobetsera vatongi kushandiswa kwakananga kwesimba rebazu rokutonga, kugovera chenjero pahurumende inotsoropodzwa mukusungwa.
  • Vakuru vakuru vanowirirana: Vagari vebazu vakuru vanogona kuzvidavirira kupfurikidza nokuonana nehofisi yemeya kana kuti yehofisi yagavhuna pamusoro poukoshi hwebasa.

Zviwanikwa Zvedzidzo Nezvenzanga

Zviwanikwa zvakawanda zviripo kuti zvibetsere vagari vemo uye vadzidzi kunzwisisa izvi zvivako. Masangano asingapinzi mari akafanana ne 'anogovera zvishandiso zvedzidzo zvinonzwika pazvivako zvehurumende yomunzvimbomo, yehurumende, uye yehurumende. Kupinda misangano yedare romunzvimbomo, kuhwina website yemitemo yehurumende, uye kurava mirangariro yedare rapamusoro rehurumende inzira dzinoshanda dzokushandura nadzo zivo yerondedzero kuva uchenjeri hwehurumende.

Kuwanda kwamaune kwegadziriro yemabhukwana matatu panzvimbo yehurumende neyomunzvimbomo itendi inoratidzira uchenjeri husingagumi hwaVavambi uye rudzi rwechibvumirano chenyika yeAmerica. Kupfurikidza nokuva nechokwadi chokuti hakuna chinhu chimwe chine simba risina kudzorwa, tsika ino inodzivirira rusununguko uye inosimudzira udzori hunobudirira, hunozvidavirira pamwero unoshuviwa navanhu. Mugari wemo anozivikanwa anonzwisisa uye anoshandisa ichi chivako idziviriro yakasimba zvikurusa yeimene.