Table of Contents

Ukama pakati pehurumende nekodzero dzevanhu hunomirira chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvikuru zvenzanga inosarudzwa nevanhu. Uku kuoma uye kushandura kunochinja - chinja kunochinja mawanire anoita vanhu rusununguko, kuenzana, uye ruramisiro muupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva. Kunzwisisa basa rehurumende mukudzivirira kodzero dzevanhu (/na denho dzinopfuurira kuvagari vemo kutora rutivi zvinobudirira zvikuru mukuchengetedza rusununguko runokosha nokuda kwavo vamene nezvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi.

Kodzero Dzevagari Vemo Dzinei Uye Nei Dzichikosha?

Kodzero dzavagari vemo ikodzero huru nedziviriro izvo zvinovimbisa kubatwa kwakaenzana pasi pomutemo pasinei zvapo namavara omunhu oga akadai sedzinza, ruvara, rudzidziso, vatano, mavambo orudzi, zera, kana kuti urema.

Pfungwa yekodzero dzevanhu inotambanudzwa kupfuura kudzivirirwa kwepamutemo chete, zvinobatanidza mano anoshanda evanhu okuwana dzidzo, basa, pokugara, pokugara pevanhu vose, uye mabasa ehurumende nenzira dzakafanana. Apo kodzero dzevagari vemo dzinodzivirirwa, nzanga inobetserwa nokutora rutivi kwakazara nemipiro yemitezo yayo yose. Painopunzwa, nzanga dzose dzinotambura kubviswa, kuderedzwa, uye kusaenzana kwetsika.

Kodzero dzevagari vemo dzinosiyana nerusununguko rwevagari vemo, kunyange zvazvo mashoko anowanzoshandiswa zvakafanana. Rusununguko rwevagari vomunyika ino anoreva rusununguko rwakadzivirirwa padzongonyedzo dzehurumende, dzakadai serusununguko rwokutaura kana kuti rwechitendero. Kuda kugarisana kwevanhu vomunyika imwe chete, asi kodzero dzehurumende dzinobatanidza kutsunga kuva nechokwadi chokuti vabatwa zvakaenzana uye kudzivisa rusaruro rwevose nedzevoga.

Fandesheni yeBumbiro reMitemo Rekodzero Dzevagari Vemo

Bhuku reUnited States Remitemo rinogovera gadziriro huru yedziviriro dzekodzero dzevanhu, kunyange zvazvo idzi dziviriro dzakashanduka - shanduka nenzira inokosha kupfurikidza nokugadziridzwa nokududzirwa kweanopfuura mazana maviri amakore.

Bhuku Rekodzero Nedziviriro Dzokukurumidza

Bumbiro reBumbiro reMitemo rapakuvamba, rakanyoreswa muna 1788, raiva nedziviriro dzakaganhurirwa dzekodzero dzevanhu.Bill of Rights, inoumbwa negadziridzo dzokutanga gumi dzakagamuchirwa muna 1791, dzakatanga rusununguko runokosha kubatanidza kutaura, rudzidziso, gungano, uye muitiro wakafanira.

Kugadziridza Kunoita Zvinhu

Kufambira mberi kwebumbiro remitemo kunokosha zvikuru nokuda kwekodzero dzevanhu kwakauya pashure peHondo yevagari vemo nokugamuchirwa kwezvikamu zvitatu zvinokosha.Igumi ne3th Amendment yakabvisa uranda muUnited States yose.Ineth Amendment, yakasimbiswa muna 1868, yakapa vanhu vose vakaberekwa kana kuti vakasikwa muUnited States ugari hwemo munyika dzinorambidza kuramba kudzivirirwa kwomunhu upi noupi kwakaenzana nemitemo kana kuti kunyima munhu upi noupi woupenyu, rusununguko, kana kuti zvinhu pasina muitiro wakafanira womutemo.

Finute Amendment, yakasimbiswa muna 1870, yakapa varume veAfrica vokuAmerica kodzero yokuvhota nokurambidza kurambwa kwekodzero dzokuvhota parudzi, ruvara, kana kuti mumiriro wezvinhu wekare wokuva muranda.Idzi gadziridzo dzakachinja zvikurukuru pamutemo ndokugovera hwaro hwepamutemo hwedziviriro dzekodzero dzevanhu dzomunguva yemberi, kunyange zvazvo chipikirwa chavo chaizotora makumi amakore akawanda kuti chizadzike zvizere.

Basa reHurumende Yehurumende Yokudzivirira Kodzero Dzevagari Vemo

Hurumende yehurumende ine mutoro mukuru wokudzivirira kodzero dzevanhu kupfurikidza nemapazu akawanda nemasangano, rimwe nerimwe richiita mabasa akasiyana - siyana asi anowirirana.

Mitoro Yebazu Yomutemo

Munhau yose yeAmerica, Congress yakaita mitemo yekodzero dzevanhu munguva yokuchinja kwenzanga uye yezvematongerwe enyika.

Muitiro wemitemo yekodzero dzevanhu unowanzobatanidza kukurukurirana kukuru, kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira kwezvematongerwe enyika, uye kutsigira kodzero dzevanhu kwenguva dzose kubva kumasangano ekodzero dzevanhu uye nzanga dzakatapurwa.

Kutsigirwa Kwebazu Rine Simba

Chibvumirano cheCivil Rights Act cha1957 chakaumba Civil Rights Division uye, pachaitungamirira, Hofisi yeMushandisi Attorney General for Civil Rights. Chikamu cheVamirioni Rights chakatangwa musi waDecember 9, 1957, pachishandiswa murayiro waAttorney General William P. Rogers.

Kupfuvura kweChibvumirano cheChibvumirano chekodzero dzavanhu muna 1964 kwakakudza chiremera cheCivil Rights Division’s kurambidza rusaruro munzvimbo dzavose, nzvimbo dzenzvimbo dzehurumende, basa, uye zvikoro. Nhasi, Division inomanikidzira mitemo yakawanda yekodzero dzevanhu uye inoshanda kudzivirira vanhu vasina dziviriro pakusarurana namasimba masimba.

Masangano akawanda ehurumende anochengeta hofisi dzeChivil Rights (OCR) dzinoshandisa mitemo inorwisana nerusaruro mukati mehurumende dzawo. Aya ari muInternet, mahofisi ekodzero dzehurumende, mahofisi ekodzero dzehurumende (OCR) anova nechokwadi chokuti vagamuchiri vebetsero yemari vanowirirana nemitemo yehurumende inorambidza rusaruro mubasa nokupiwa kwemabasa kana kuti betsero dzakavakirwa padzinza, ruvara, mavambo orudzi, vatano, rudzidziso, zera, uye urema.

Aumelt Opportual Opportunity Commission (EEOC) inoita basa rinokosha mukodzero dzevagari vemo dzebasa. Aumelt Accomplication Opportution Commission (EOC) yeU.S. yakatangwa neChibvumirano cheCivil Rights Actine) cha1942 mukupindura zvakananga nokuda kwekukumbira ruramisiro yedzinza neyezvemari paMarch paWashington yeJobs and Freedom. Sangano rinoongorora kunyunyuta kworusaruro, kukakavadzano dzenhau, uye nhau dzechipanhau kuti mitemo yehurumende yokusarura mabasa.

Kududzira Bazu Rokutonga

Dare reFederal, zvikurukuru Dare Rapamusorosoro, rinorondedzera mitemo yekodzero dzevanhu negadziriro dzebumbiro remitemo, richitanga mienzaniso inoumba kudzivirirwa kwekodzero dzevanhu kwezvizvarwa. Zvisarudzo zvepanyika yepamusorosoro zvakafambira mberi uye, padzimwe nguva, zvakaganhurirwa maruramiro avagari vemo munhau yose yeAmerica. Dare redare rinobatira senzvero pazvose zviri zviviri zviito zvomutemo nenechiremera, richivimbisa kuti mitemo nemiitiro yehurumende zvinowirirana nezvinodikanwa zvebumbiro remitemo.

Matare anopawo nzvimbo umo vanhu namasangano vanogona kudenha miitiro yokupa mhaka uye kutsvaka mishonga nokuda kwokuputswa kwekodzero dzevanhu.

Kutarisira Nokuongorora Kwomunhu Woga

United States Commission on Civil Rights yakatangwa kuti ibudise mishumo miviri inokosha muna September 2024, ichikurukura nhau dzinonetsa dzine chokuita nekodzero dzevanhu uye mitemo yehurumende.

Commission inotonga vanhu, inoongorora mapurogiramu ehurumende, uye inobudisa mishumo inozivisa nharo dzemitemo uye kuronga mitemo.

Mutemo Wekodzero Dzevanhu Vepanyika Yose Munhau Yose

Kunzwisisa mhindumupindu yekodzero dzevanhu kunoda kuongorora zviitiko zvikuru zvemitemo zvakaumba nzanga yeAmerica.

Mitemo Yapakuvamba Yekodzero Dzevanhu Vacho Neganhuriro Dzayo

Chibvumirano cheCivil Rights Act cha 1866 chakamirira kuedza kwokutanga kwehurumende kuvimbisa kodzero dzakaenzana pasi pomutemo nokuda kwavanhu vose vanogara mukati mehurumende yeUnited States.

Chibvumirano cheChivil Rights Act cha1875 chakapfuura, chichivimbisa vagari vose kuwana pokugara pasinei zvapo nedzinza.

Mutemo Wa1957 Wekodzero Dzevanhu

Kunyange zvazvo mutemo uyu wakaganhurirwa, wakagadza mienzaniso inokosha nokuumba Chikamu Chekodzero Dzevanhu mukati meDhipatimendi Reruramisiro neDare Rekodzero Dzechizvarwa Chenyika Yese reUnited States.

Mutongo Wekodzero Dzevagari Vemo wa 1964: Chiito Chakaparadzwa

Civil Rights Act ya1964 ikodzero dzevagari vemo dzinozivikanwa zvikuru uye mutemo wevashandi muUnited States unorambidza rusaruro rwakavakirwa padzinza, ruvara, rudzidziso, vatano, uye mavambo orudzi. Inorambidza kushandiswa kusina kuenzana kwezvinodikanwa zvokunyoresa, rusarurano rwedzinza muzvikoro nepokugara vanhu vose, uye rusaruro rwemabasa.

Mutemo wacho wakakarakadzwa naPurezidhendi John F. Kennedy muna June 1963, asi wakashorwa namonirbuster muDare. Pashure pokunge Kennedy aurawa pana November 22, 1963, Purezidhendi Lyndon B. Johnson akasundira pamutemo wacho mberi. Utungamiriri hwaJohnson hwakabvumikisa kuva hunokosha mukukurira chishoro chinotyisa.

Gakava rinopfuurira zvikurusa munhau yeDare rakaitika muna 1964 pamusoro peChibvumirano chekodzero dzavagari vemo.Madokero ejenga akawedzera nguva yakatsunga yaipedza mazuva 72, ichiedza kuvhara mutemo. Pana June 10, mubatanidzwa wavane 27 Republicans na44 Democrates wakagumisa chikwata chevana apo Dare rakavhota 71 kusvikira ku 29 nokuda kwokunaya kwenharo, nokudaro zvichideredza imwe kurukurirano. Ikoku kwakaratidzira nguva yokutanga munhau yaro iyo Dare rakavhotera kugumisa gakavariro pakodzero dzavagari vemo.

Pashure pokunge Imba yabvuma kugadziriswa kweDare rakatevera, Civil Rights Act ya1946 yakasainwa mumutemo naPurezidhendi Johnson paWhite House pana July 2, 1964. Chikamu chomutemo chaimirira nguva yokuchinja munhau yeAmerica, kuchichinja zvikurukuru mamiriro ezvinhu epamutemo pamusoro porusaruro.

Murayiro Wokutsigira Kodzero Wa1965

Kuvaka pamusoro pesimba reTrak ya1946, Congress yakapfuudza Voing Rights Act ya1965, iyo yakagovera miitiro mikuru yokudzikamisa yehurumende kudzivirira maruramiro okuvhota. uyu mutemo wakarambidza kusarura kwedzinza mukuvhota uye wakabvumira kutarisira kwehurumende miitiro yesarudzo mumativi makuru orusarura. Mutemo wakabvumikisa kuva unobudirira zvikuru mukuwedzera kunyoresa kwokuvhota nokutora pakati pevatema uye mamwe mapoka maduku.

Zvisinei, kudzivirirwa kwomutemo kwakasangana nedenho mumakore achangopfuura. Muna 2013, Dare repamusorosoro rakabvisa urongwa hunokosha hweVoting Rights Act, richibvisa zvinodikanwa zvehurumende zvemimwe miganhu. Iyi chisarudzo chakamutsa nharo dzinopfuurira pamusoro pedziviriro dzekodzero dzokuvhota uye basa rakakodzera rehurumende mukutarisira miitiro yokusarudza.

Muitiro Wakanaka Wokuvaka Mumba wa 1968

Fair Howare Act, yakapfuudzwa pashure porupanduko rwaDr. Martin Luther King Jr., akarambidza rusaruro mudzimba dzakavakirwa padzinza, ruvara, rudzidziso, kana kuti mavambo orudzi. Gare gare dziviriro dzakawedzerwa kubatanidza vatano, urema, uye mugariro wedare. Mutemo uyu waitaura rumwe rwezvimiro zvinopfuurira zvikurusa zverusarurano, kunyange zvazvo dzimba dzinovakwa nenzvimbo dzisingaenzaniswi dzichiri denho dzinokosha makumi amakore gare gare.

Vanhu vokuAmerica Vane Chiito Chourema cha1990

VaAmerica vane Urema Hunomirira kukura kukuru kwedziviriro dzamaruramiro avagari vemo kuvanhu vane urema.

Kubudirira Kwemitemo Kwemisi Yazvino Uno

Mitemo yemazuva ano yakataura nezvemhosva dzoruvengo, kutengeswa kwevanhu, uye rusaruro runobva patsika dzepabonde uye kuzivikanwa kwevanhukadzi.

Boka Rekodzero Dzevagari Vemo: Chinjo Yepamutemo Nenzanga Yakajeka

Pakati pezana ramakore rechi 20, sangano rorudzi rwose nokuda kwamaruramiro akaenzana nokuda kweAfrican America uye nokuda kwomugumo wekuparadzana kwedzinza uye kubviswa rakamuka muUnited States. Iri sangano rakatora zvimiro zvakawanda, uye vatori rutivi varo vakashandisa nzira dzakawanda kuita kuti zvinodikanwa zvavo zvinzwike, kubatanidza zvigaro zvavo, kunyunyuta, kufora kwokunyunyuta, rusununguko runokwira, uye runokurudzira vakuru vakuru vehurumende nokuda kwechiito chemitemo.

Brown v. Board of Education and School Dese Convention

Chisarudzo cheDare Rapamusoro ra1954 muBrown v. Board of Education chakazivisa paradzano yedzinza muzvikoro zvavose isina uzivi, kuchiputsa dzidziso ye "yakaparadzana asi yakaenzana" yakatangwa muPlesty v. Ferguson (1896). Iyi chisarudzo chakatanhamara chakagovera hwaro hwapamutemo nokuda kwekupesana kunodenha munzanga yeAmerica, kunyange zvazvo kugadzirwa kwezviitwa kwakatarisana nechirambidzo chikuru munyika dzakawanda.

Chisarudzo chacho chakaratidza kuti kukwidziridza kodzero dzevanhu kwaigona sei kukunda pairatidza kuti hazviitiki kana mutemo uchiita mutemo, uchitungamirirwa naThurfall Marshall, wakapedza makumi emakore uchivaka nyaya yepamutemo yokurwisa kusarura, pakupedzisira uchiwana chisarudzo cheDare Repamusorosoro chakachinja dzidzo yeAmerica.

Montgomery Bus Boycott uye Kudzivisa Kwamasimba Masimba

Mutambo weMontgomery Bus Boycott wa1956 wa1956, wanyandurwa nokuramba kwaRosa Park kurega chigaro chake kumukwiri muchena, wakaratidzira simba rokudzivisa kwakarongwa, kusina masimba masimba. Gore rose rakarongwa, raitungamirirwa naDr. Martin Luther King Jr. navashingairi vomunzvimbomo, vakadenha nenzira inobudirira muganhu muzvokufambisa zvavose ndokutanga muenzaniso nokuda kwemibato yekodzero dzavagari vemo yomunguva yemberi.

Vakomana vakaratidza kuti vagari vemowo zvavo, kupfurikidza nezviito zvavose nedzvinyiriro yemari, vaigona kumanikidza chinjo yenzanga neyapamutemo.

Kugara Munzvimbo Dzakatsikirirwa uye Rusununguko

Kuvambira muna 1960, vadzidzi vakagara mumakaundi ezvokudya zvemasikati akasarurwa vakaparadzirwa muSouth, vachidenha rusaruro mudzimba dzavose. Uku kunyunyuta kune rugare, kazhinji kazhinji kwakasangana namasimba masimba nokusungwa, kwakakwevera ngwariro yorudzi kukusaruramisira kwenzanga nedzvinyiriro dzemabhizimisi nehurumende kuti vachinje miitiro yorusaruraganda.

Mapoka akavhengana avatasvi akafamba nomuSouth mumabhazi, achiputsa noune mitemo yokusarura uye achitarisana nedenho dzamasimba masimba. izvi zviito zvakamanikidza kupindira kwehurumende ndokuratidzira ushingi hwaidikanwa kudenha rusaruro rwakadzika midzi.

Kufamba muWashington

March wa1963 paWashington nokuda kwaJobs neRusununguko yakaunza vanhu vanopfuura 250 000 kudzimbahwe renyika muimwe yeratidziro hurusa dzezvamatongerwe enyika munhau yeAmerica. Kufora kwakaraira mutemo wakakwana wekodzero dzavagari vemo, mugumo wetsarudzo mumabasa nedzimba, uye ruramisiro yemari nokuda kweAfrica America.

Dr. King’s "Ini ndine hope" kutaura paLincoln Chirangaridzo kwakava imwe yenguva hurusa yemifananidzo munhau yeAmerica, kuchiratidzira chiono chekuenzana kwedzinza neruramisiro izvo zvinopfuurira kufuridzira maruramiro avagari vemo. Kufora kwakaratidzira tsigiro yavose yakafara nokuda kwemitemo yamaruramiro avagari vemo nedzvinyiriro yakawedzerwa paCongress naPrezidenti Kennedy kuita chiito.

Selma Nekodzero Dzokuparadzira Mashoko

Pana March 7, 1965, kufora kwekodzero dzevanhu muSelma, Alabama, kuchitungamirirwa nomutungamiriri wezvokurwira mauto John Lewis ane makore 25 okukura, vakadenhwa nemauto ehurumende uye vakuru vakuru vehurumende sezvo vakwikwidzi vakaedza kuyambuka Edmund Pettus Bridge yeguta. Masimba masimba outsinye, akatepferwa paterevhizheni yenyika, akakatyamadza nyika uye akanyandurwa netsigiro yemitemo yekodzero dzokuvhota.

Zviitiko izvi zvakabatsira zvakananga kuti pave nemitemo yeVoting Rights Act ya1965, zvichiratidza kuti kuita zvinhu zvakananga uye kubudisa nhau kwaigona sei kuchinja mitemo.

Tapuro Yakafara Nenhaka

Pakasvika mugumo wema1960, sangano rekodzero dzevanhu rakanga raita chinjo huru mumutemo nomumuitiro wavose, uye rakanga rawana dziviriro yapamutemo yekodzero nerusununguko nokuda kweAfrican America idzo dzaizoumba upenyu hweAmerica kwamakumi amakore aiuya. Mazano esangano nebudiriro zvakanyandura mamwe mapoka, LGBTQ vanhu vamwe navamwe, vanhu vakaremara, uye dzimwe nzanga dzakaganhurirwa.

Sangano rekodzero dzevanhu rakaratidzira kuti kutsigira kodzero dzevagari vemo, kurwisana, kurwisa kusina masimba masimba, uye kuronga zvamatongerwe enyika kwaigona kukurira kunyange gadziriro dzakadzika midzi zvikuru dzorusaruro.

Zvinetso Zviripo Munguva Ino Mukodzero Dzevagari Vemo

Pasinei nokufambira mberi kukuru, kudzivirirwa kwekodzero dzevanhu kunotarisana nezvinetso zvinoramba zvichiramba zvichida kungwarira uye kudzora kodzero dzevanhu.

Kushandisa uye Kupindwa Kwezvinhu Nezvinhu

Panguva apo takaona kunyunyuta kwakawedzera kwerusaruro mudzidzo, denho dzakakwirira pamukana wakaenzana, uye kunonoka mumhaka, Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights inoda mari yakakwirira zvikuru kuti iite mitoro yayo. Kusagona kutsigira mari kunodzivisa mano amasangano ekodzero dzavagari vemo okunzvera zvichemo, kusimbisa mitemo, uye kugovera betsero kuvanyajambwa verusaruro.

Vanhu vanoshanda vanofanira kutungamirirwa nemasangano ehurumende anogona kuronga zvinhu zvinodiwa kuti mutemo uteererwe uye kudzivirira kodzero dzedu dzevagari vemo pabasa.

Venga Utsotsi uye Kurwisana Kwakavapo

DOJ Community Relations Service inoshanda kupedza dzvinyiriro yakabatanidzwa norusaruro, kupfura kwamapurisa, uye zvimwe zvinoitika zvakakwirira, uye kutsigira vatungamiriri vomunzvimbomo munhamburiko dzokudzivisa ndokuvandudza mhinduro kuutsotsi hworuvengo. Mukati menguva apo utsotsi hworuvengo hunoshumwa hwava hwakakwirira zvikuru, kwakakomba kuti CRS itsigirwe nenzira yakafanira.

Mhosva dzoruvengo dzinovanza vanhu vakavakirwa padzinza, rudzidziso, dzinza, mirangariro yevatano, kuzivikanwa kwavanhukadzi, kana kuti urema dzinoramba dziri chinetso chinopfuurira. Idzi mhaka hadzisati dzichingokuvadza bedzi vanyajambwa asi dzinotyisidzirawo nzanga yose ndokusekesa nzanga yose. Kudzivirira nokupindura zvinobudirira kunoda kubatana pakati pamasangano ehurumende, hurumende, uye kuchengetwa kwomutemo kwomunzvimbomo, pamwe chete nokuchengetwa kwenzanga.

Ruzivo Nekodzero Dzevagari Vemo

Mushumo wechipiri, "The Civil Rights Implucations of the Federal Use of Facial Tacsion Technology," wakanzvera itiro hanya pamusoro pokushandiswa kusina kuganhurirwa kwehurumende yeFacial Tactical Technology (FRT). Yakanzvera kuti FRT iri kushandiswa sei zvino ndokugovera rumbidzo nokuda kwemirauriro nemiitiro yakanakisisa kupedza izvi zvinonetsa.

Unyanzvi hwokugadzira zvinhu hunopa mikana nedenho dzose dziri mbiri nokuda kwekodzero dzevanhu. Ungwaru hwokugadzira, kuziva chiso, kuita zvisarudzo zvemitemo yemitemo yemitemo, uye mibato yokuunganidzwa kwemashoko zvinogona kusimudzira kana kuti kuwedzera rusaruro ruripo. Kufunga kuti kufambira mberi kweruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu hakuuyi nendyiko dzekodzero dzevanhu kunoda kudzorwa, kutarisirwa, uye kuzvidavirira.

Rusaruro Kubasa

Kudzivirira kodzero dzevashandi mutoro unogoverwa kupfuura EEOC., somuenzaniso, Department of Justice, Department of Labor, Fair Accountings (FEPAs), Tribal Alody Rights Offices (TEROS), uye bhawa rapachivande zvose zvinoita mabasa anokosha mukudzivisa nokupedza rusaruro rwebasa.

Pasinei nemakumi emakore emitemo yekodzero dzevanhu, rusaruro rwebasa runoramba ruchiitwa nenzira dzakasiyana - siyana, kusanganisira kupinza basa uye kukwidziridzwa kwemabasa, kuisa mikana yemari, kunetsa, uye kutsiva vashandi vanoshuma kusarurwa.

Kugamuchira Kodzero Nekuwana Kodzero

Kodzero dzokupa mari dzinoramba dzichiri kukwikwidzwa munzvimbo, nenharo dzinopfuurira pamusoro pezvinodikanwa zvokuzivisa muvhoti, kugamuchirwa kwokukurumidza kwokuvhota, kuvhota, kuvhota nzvimbo, uye miitiro yokuvhota. Vamwe vanotaura kuti matanho akati ari madikanwa kudzivisa kubiridzira, nepo vamwe vachikwikwidza nomutoo usingaenzaniswi pamusoro pezvinodikanwa zvokuvhota uye vanoumba zvimiro zvazvino uno zvokudzvinyirira vavhoti.

Vatsigiri vanoramba vachikurudzira kuti mutemo wehurumende udzore uye usimbise kodzero dzokuvhota, asi vashori vachipikisana kuti hurumende idzore kudzivirira kodzero dzokuvhota.

Ruramisiro Youtsotsi Nechibvumirano

Misiyano yedzinza mumapurisa, kuchuchisa, kutongera, uye kusungwa zvinomirira itiro hanya dzekodzero dzevanhu dzinopfuurira. Zviitiko zvamasimba masimba amapurisa pavanhu vane ruvara zvakanyandura masangano enyika anoraira kuzvidavirira nokuchinja. Nharo dzinopfuurira pamusoro pokudzivirirwa kwavakakwaniriswa nokuda kwamapurisa, kushandiswa kwemitemo yesimba, vapurisa venzanga, uye zvimwe zvinotsiva kusungwa.

Kuedza kuchinja zvinhu kunoedza kudzikamisa zvinhu zvinodzivirira vanhu pakuchengeteka nokudzivirira kodzero dzevanhu, vachikurukura nyaya dzemamiriro ezvinhu asi vachivimbisa kubatwa zvakanaka kwevanhu vose vari mudare rinotonga.

Kodzero dzeLGBTQ

Nepo fambiro mberi inokosha yakaitwa mukodzero dzeLGBTQ, kubatanidza kuenzana kweroorano, zvinetso zvakawanda zvinosara. rusaruro mubasa, dzimba, pokugara, uye kutarisirwa kwoutano kunopfuurira munzvimbo dzakawanda.

Mitemo yekodzero dzevanhu yakadudzirwa kuti ipe dzimwe dziviriro dzakavakirwa pamaonero evatano uye kuzivikanwa kwevanhukadzi, asi mutemo wehurumende une mashoko akawanda anotaura zvakananga nezverusaruro rweLGBTQ hauna kugadzwa.

Kutama uye Kodzero Dzehurumende

Miitiro yokuita kuti vanhu vasapinda munyika imwe chete inosimudzira itiro hanya dzinokosha dzekodzero dzevanhu, kubatanidza kudzivirira kodzero dzedzinza, nzira dzokuita nadzo zvinhu, migariro yokuchengetwa, uye kuparadzana kwemhuri. Kudzikamisa kuchengetwa kwokutama nedziviriro dzekodzero dzevagari vemo kunoramba kuri denho yetsika inokakavadzana, navatsigiri vanosimbisa kodzero dzevatami nevapoteri nepo vamwe vachiisa dziviriro yemuganhu nokudzorwa kwokupinda munyika.

Kudzivirira Nokutsigira Kunoita Vagari vemo Kodzero Dzevagari Vemo

Vagari vemo vamwe navamwe vanoita mabasa anokosha mukudzivirira kodzero dzevanhu kupfurikidza nezvimiro zvakasiyana - siyana zvokuvimbisana nokutsigira kodzero dzavo.

Kuramba Uchiziva Nezvekodzero Nemitemo

Kunzwisisa kodzero dzako kunosanganisira kuziva mitemo inorambidza rusaruro mune zvakasiyana - siyana, zvinoumba kuputswa kwekodzero dzevanhu, uye kurapwa kunowanika panoputswa kodzero dzevanhu.

Kunzwisisa mutemo unokarakadzwa, zvisarudzo zvedare, uye zviito zvokutarisira kuchengetwa kwemitemo kunobetsera vagari vemo kutora rutivi nenzira ine revo mumiitiro yehurumende yehurumende uye kutsigira nenzira inobudirira maruramiro avo nekodzero dzavamwe.

Kutsigira uye Kupindira Kwematongerwe Enyika

Kushambadza kunomirira imwe yenzira hurusa iyo vagari vemo vanogona kupesvedzera nayo muitiro wekodzero dzevagari vemo. Kupa vakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende, nyika, uye mwero yomunzvimbomo vanoita zvisarudzo zvinotapura zvakananga kudzivirirwa kwekodzero dzevagari vemo, zvinoiswa pakutanga, uye kutsigira mari nokuda kwamasangano ekodzero dzevagari vemo. Kunzvera maruramiro evagari vemo uye kuvhota kunobetsera kuvimbisa kuti vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa varatidze mipimo yekodzero dzevanhu.

Kutora rutivi mune zvematongerwe enyika kunopfuura kuvhota kuti kusanganisirwe kuonana nevamiririri vakasarudzwa, kupinda horo dzemataundi, kutsinhira pachena pamirau yaitaurwa, uye kutsigira vanoisa kodzero dzevanhu pakutanga.

Kushuma Rusaruro Nokutsvaka Kugadzirisa Zvibvumirano Zvepamutemo

Apo kuputswa kwamaruramiro avagari vemo kunoitika, kuashuma kuzviremera zvakafanira kunokosha nokuda kwezvose zviri zviviri ruramisiro yomunhu oga uye nokuda kwenhamburiko dzokuita kuti zvinhu zvive zvapamutemo. Marudzi akasiyana- siyana orusaruro anofanira kushumwa kumasangano akasiyana - siyana. Nhevedzo dzekusarurana kwebasa dzinogona kuiswa namasangano ezvemabasa akaenzana. Rusaruro rwedzimba dzinogona kushumwa kuDhipatimendi reHouses and Urban Department of Education for Civil Rights.

Mitemo yakawanda yekodzero dzevanhu inobatanidza nguva yakarongwa yokumhan’arira kunyunyuta, kuita chiito chokukurumidza chinokosha. Masangano eyamuro yapamutemo, mapoka ekodzero dzavagari vemo, uye magweta emunhu oga zvinogona kugovera betsero mumiitiro yokunyunyuta yokufamba nokuronda mishonga yapamutemo. Dzimwe mhaka dzingapedzwa kupfurikidza nokutaurirwa kana kuti kugadzikiswa, nepo dzimwe dzingada kupiwa muraudzo.

Kutsigira Masangano Ane Kodzero Dzevagari Vemo

Masangano ekodzero dzevagari vemo anoita mabasa anokosha mukudzivirira kodzero kupfurikidza nokubatanidza, kuronga dzidzo, uye nzanga. Masangano aya anobatanidza mapoka amarudzi akadai seACLU, NACP Legal Defense Fund, Southern Poverty Law Center, uye Lambda Legal, pamwe chete namasangano asingaverengeki ehurumende nevomunzvimbomo anobata nhau dzakananga kana kuti anobatira nzanga dzakati.

Kukunda kwakawanda kwakabva pakuedza kupfuurira kunoitwa nemasangano akazvitsaurira achishanda kwemakore akawanda kana makumi emakore achichinja mitemo, mitemo, uye magariro evanhu.

Unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pamaruramiro avagari vemo kushata pa Dare reRekuchengetera Kodzero dzavagari vemo nedzevanhu , iro rinotsinhiranisa nhamburiko pakati pamazana amasangano anoshanda panhau dzekodzero dzavagari vemo.

Kuronga Munzanga Namakwenzi Anoparira Kupindira

Kuronga zvinhu zvomunzvimbomo uye zvirongwa zvemabhizimisi zvezviito zvekodzero dzevanhu zvakasimudzira kufambira mberi kwakawanda munhau yose.Kuedza kuri kuitwa nenzanga kunogona kupedza rusaruro rwomunzvimbomo, kuumba mapoka akasiyana - siyana, kudzidzisa nhengo dzenzanga pamusoro pekodzero dzadzo, uye kumanikidza vakuru vakuru vemo kuti vadzivirire kodzero dzevanhu.

Kutsvaka magirasroot kunoda zvimiro zvakawanda, kubva pakuronga kuratidzira nokuratidzira kusvikira kukuita kuti vavhoti vanyorerwe, kuunganidza nzanga, kana kuti kutanga masangano okuyamura.

Kudzidzisa Kubasa

Vashandi vanogona kutsigira kodzero dzevanhu munzvimbo dzavo dzebasa nokutsigira mabasa akasiyana - siyana uye kubatanidzwa, kushuma rusaruro nokunetswa, kutora rutivi mumapoka evashandi vanopa mari, uye vashandirwi vanokurudzira kuti vagamuchire mitemo yakasimba yokurwisa kusaruramisira. Vashandi vanogonawo kutsigira nhamburiko dzokuronga mubatanidzwa, sokuita kwave kuri kuitwa munhau mabasa mabasa apamutemo.

Kutsigira vamwe vanosarurwa, uye kusimudzira mitemo inoenderana nekodzero dzevanhu pabasa zvose zvinobatsira kuti pave nekodzero dzevanhu.

Dzidzo Nokungwarira

Kudzidzisa vamwe pamusoro penhau dzekodzero dzevanhu kunobetsera kuvaka tsigiro huru nokuda kwedziviriro nokuvandudza.Ikoku kunogona kubatanidza kugoverana mashoko pasocial network, kuva nekurukurirano neshamwari nemhuri, kuronga zvinoitika zvedzidzo, kana kuti kubatanidza nhau dzekodzero dzavagari vemo mugadziriro dzebasa kana kuti dzenzanga.

Kupa mashoko akarurama pamusoro pemitemo yekodzero dzevanhu, zvakaitika munzanga dzakaderedzwa, uye kudiwa kwekodzero dzevanhu kunoramba kuchiitwa kunobatsira kuti pave neruzivo uye kuvimbisana kwevagari vemo.

Ushamwari uye Kusimba

Kubatsirana kunobatsira kunosanganisira kuteerera uye kuwedzera manzwi evanhu vari munzanga dzine zvirwere, kushandisa ropafadzo yokutsigira kuchinja, kutsigira kodzero dzevanhu, uye kuda kuisa pangozi kodzero dzavo pakutsigira kodzero dzavo.

Zvinoreva kuziva kuti marudzi akasiyana - siyana okusarura mapoka uye kutsigira kodzero dzevanhu dzinodzivirira kodzero dzose dzevanhu.

Mabhuku Emashoko Nebetsero Zvekodzero Dzevagari Vemo

Masangano akawanda nemasangano ehurumende anopa vanhu vanotsvaka mashoko pamusoro pekodzero dzevanhu kana kuti rubatsiro pakunyunyuta pamusoro perusarura.

Zviwanikwa Zvehurumende

Department of Justice Civil Rights Division inoita kuti mitemo yekodzero dzevanhu iteererwa uye inogovera mashoko pamusoro pekodzero dzevanhu uye nzira yokunyora nayo nyaya. Website yavo inopa zvinhu zvakawanda panhau dzakasiyana- siyana dzekodzero dzevanhu. DOJ .Civil Rights Divil Division[[FLT: 1] inonzvera uye inotonga kuputsa kodzero dzevanhu munzvimbo dzakawanda.

Aumelt Opportual Opportution Commission inobata nokunyunyuta kwerusaruro rwebasa uye inogovera nhungamiro pamusoro pekodzero dzemabasa.

Masangano ehurumende mamwe namamwe anochengeta hofisi dzeRusarudzi rweCivil Rights idzo dzinorangarira rusaruro munharaunda dzadzo chaidzo, kubatanidza dzidzo, tarisiro youtano, pokugara, uye zvokufambisa.

Masangano Ekodzero Dzevagari Vemo

American Civil Liberation Union (ACLU) inoshanda pamhatsa yakafara yekodzero dzavagari vemo nerusununguko rwavagari vemo kupfurikidza nepaniga, chiziviso, uye dzidzo yavose. NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund inonangidzira ngwariro paruramisiro yorudzi kupfurikidza nokupasarudzwa nokusatendeseka. Southern Poverty Law irwisa ruvengo, rusarura, uye kupfurikidza nokuparidzwa, dzidzo, uye kusarura.

Lambda Lambda anoreverera maruramiro eLGBTQ navanhu vanogara neHIV kupfurikidza nerigious nebasa remiitiro. National Women’s Law Center inonangidzira ngwariro paruramisiro yevatano nekodzero dzavakadzi. Disability Rights Education and Defense Fund inoshanda kufambisira mberi maruramiro avagari vemo avanhu vane urema.

Masangano aya anowanzobatsira zviri pamutemo, anodzidzisa, uye anotipa mikana yokubatanidzwa mukutsigira kodzero dzevanhu.

Nyika Nezviwanikwa Zvomunzvimbomo

Nyika zhinjisa dzine masangano ekodzero dzavanhu kana kuti masangano anomanikidza mitemo inorwisana nerusaruro. Aya masangano kazhinji kazhinji ane chiremera chikuru kupfuura masangano ehurumende, sezvo nyika dzakawanda dzinorambidza zvimiro zvokuwedzera zverusaruro kupfuura izvo zvinofukidzwa nomutemo wehurumende. Masangano ehurumende angavawo nemiitiro mipfupi yokunyora nguva kana kuti miitiro yakasiana - siana kupfuura masangano ehurumende.

Maguta akawanda nenzvimbo dzinoongorora kodzero dzevanhu kana kuti masangano anotaura nezvekodzero dzevanhu anogona kugadzirisa nyaya dzekunyunyuta, kuongorora, uye kushanda kuti atsigire kodzero dzevanhu munzanga mawo.

Kubatsira Kwapamutemo uye Kubatsira kwePro Bono

Masangano eyamuro epamutemo anogovera betsero yapamutemo yapachena kuvanhu vanowana vakaderera vanotarisana nokuputswa kwekodzero dzavagari vemo. Masangano aya anobata nhau dzinobatanidza kusarura basa, rusaruro rwedzimba, kuwana dzidzo, uye dzimwe nhau dzekodzero dzavagari vemo. Nepo kudikanwa kazhinji kazhinji kunopfuura zviwanikwa zvinowanika, yamuro yapamutemo inogona kugovera betsero yakakomba kuavo vasingagoni kubhadhara magweta emunhu oga.

Masangano akawanda ebhawa anoronga mapurogiramu eproono apo magweta avanhu anozvipira kuita mabasa avo nokuda kwenhau dzekodzero dzevanhu.

Nguva Yemberi Yamaruramiro Avagari Vemo muAmerica

Ukama pakati pehurumende nekodzero dzevanhu hunopfuurira kuchinja sezvo nzanga inochinja uye zvinetso zvitsva zvinomuka.

Nhau Dzinotanga uye Zvinetso

Kugadzirwa kweunyanzvi hwokugadzira zvinhu, unyanzvi hwokuongorora zvinhu, uye makombiyuta zvinomutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pokuva woga, rusaruro, uye kuwana nzira yakaenzana ichada kuti pave nemasangano matsva epamutemo uye kuti pave nokubudirira.

Kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze uye ruramisiro yezvakatipoteredza zvinowedzera kubatana nekodzero dzevanhu, sezvo nzanga dzakaderedzwa dzinowanzotakura mitoro isingaenzaniswi nenjodzi dzemhoteredzo uye migumisiro yemamiriro okunze.

Kunyange zvazvo mitemo yekodzero dzevanhu ichirambidza rusaruro, haitauri zvakananga kusawirirana kwezveupfumi kunowanzobatana nedzinza, dzinza, uye mamwe mavara anodzivirirwa.

Kukosha Kwokutsigirana

Kudzivirirwa kwekodzero dzevanhu hakungovi kuzviparadza kana kuti zvechigarire. Zvinoda kuramba zvakangwarira, zvichidzikamisa, uye zvichidzora kuti zvichengetedze uye zviwedzere. Nhau inoratidza kuti kufambira mberi kwekodzero dzevanhu kunogona kuchinjwa apo kuderera kwengwariro dzevanhu kana kuti zvematongerwe enyika kuchanetesa. Kuvimbisa kutsigiswa nevagari vemo, masangano, uye masangano ehurumende kunokosha kuti vadzivirire uye vafambire mberi kodzero dzevanhu.

Vechiduku vanoita mabasa anokosha zvikuru pakuziva nyaya dzekodzero dzevanhu uye kuvavarira kuchinja.

Kuvaka Dhipatimende Rinosarudzwa Navose

Vanhu vose pavanogona kuita zvose zvavanogona muupenyu hwavo vasingasarudzwi kana kuti vasingasarudzwi, hurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu inosimbiswa.

Basa rehurumende mukudzivirira kodzero dzevanhu rinoratidza tsika dzinokosha pamusoro pechiremera chavanhu, kuenzana, uye ruramisiro. Nepo mitemo nemasangano zvichigovera gadziriro dzinokosha, kodzero dzevagari vemo dzinotsamira pakuzvipira kwevagari vemo kutsigira tsika idzi muupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva uye kurayira kuti hurumende yavo iite zvakafanana.

mhedziso

Ukama huri pakati pehurumende nekodzero dzevanhu hunomirira kukurukurirana kunopfuurira pakati pesimba neruramisiro, pakati pemamiriro ezvinhu nezvinodiwa kuti pave nokuenzana.

Kunzwisisa ukama uhwu kunoita kuti vanhu vakwanise kudzivirira kodzero dzavo uye kutsigira kodzero dzevamwe, zvichiratidza kuti kudzivirira kodzero dzevanhu kwafambira mberi zvakadini uye kuti vanhu vose vanokwanisa sei kuwana kuenzana kwechokwadi uye kururamisira.

Kodzero dzavagari vemo hadzisati dziri mirangariro yemitemo isingazivikanwi yapamutemo asi dzinorarama idzo dzinotapura zvinoitika zvezuva nezuva zvavanhu mudzidzo, basa, pokugara, tarisiro youtano, uye kutora rutivi munzanga. Apo maruramiro avagari vemo anodzivirirwa, vanhu vanogona kuronda zvishuvo zvavo pasina kutarisana nemhinganidzo dzoudzvinyiriri dzakavakirwa pazviri. Apo maruramiro avagari vemo anopunzwa, kuvadziko inotambanukira kunzvimbo inopfuura vanyajambwa vomunhu oga oga kunzanga dzose uye kutsika yenzanga yehurumende yehurumende.

Zvisinei, chiito chehurumende choga hachina kukwana. Kudzivirira kodzero dzevanhu kwakabva mutsika dzinoramba dzichiitwa nemasangano akarongwa, masangano ehurumende, uye kuvimbisa vanhu kuti vashande kuti vazochinja. Izvi zvinoenderera mberi, sezvo njodzi dzekodzero dzevanhu dzepanguva imwe chete dzinoda kuti hurumende uye vaunzi vadzitsirwe.

Sezvo nzanga ichichinja uye zvimiro zvitsva zvorusaruro zvichivapo, dziviriro dzamaruramiro avagari vemo dzinofanira kuchinjika. Ruzivo, chinjo yemamiriro okunze, kusaenzana kwezvemari, uye zvimwe zvinetso zvenguva ino zvinoda kufunga kutsva pamusoro pokuva nechokwadi chokuti kubatwa kwakaenzana uye mukana nokuda kweiyi denho zvichada ushingi humwe chetehwo, kupfuurira, uye kuzvipira kururamisiro yairatidzira masangano ekodzero dzavagari vemo akapfuura.

Munhu wose ane njodzi yokudzivirira kodzero dzevanhu, angava ari nhengo yeboka rinosarura kana kuti akatsunga kuvaka nzanga yakarurama uye isina vamwe vanhu.

Nyaya yekodzero dzevanhu muAmerica haisati iri yokufambira mberi kwakadzikama, kusingadzivisiki asi panzvimbo pezvo yekukunda kwakaoma, mhinganidzo, uye kurwisana kutsva. Inhau yakanyorwa navanhu vasingaverengeki vakaramba kugamuchira kusaruramisira uye vakaronga, vakapokana, vakakwidziridza, uye vakatsigira chinjo. Nhau iyoyo inopfuurira nhasi, uye munhu mumwe nomumwe ane banza rokupa kuganhuro rayo rinotevera.

Nokuda kwamashoko akawanda pamusoro pekodzero dzavagari vemo uye nzira yokubatanidzwa nayo munhamburiko dzechibharo, shanyirawo Perusion State Union yeAmerican Libersions [[FLT]], iyo inogovera zviwanikwa zvakawanda pamusoro penhau dzekodzero dzevagari vemo nemikana yokushanda. U.S. Commission on Civil Rights [ inopawo nzvero nemiraudzo inokosha yekodzero dzavagari vemo. Mukuwedzera, [[FLT:]

Kunzwisisa basa rehurumende mukodzero dzevanhu kunokosha nokuda kwokuva mugari wemo akadzidza uye kudzora kunobudirira. Nokudzidza nezvenhau yekodzero dzevanhu, zvinetso zvemazuva ano, uye zviwanikwa, vanhu vanogona kudzivirira zviri nani kodzero dzavo votsigira kodzero dzevamwe. Basa rokuvaka nzanga umo vanhu vose vasingatongofariri kodzero dzakaenzana uye mikana zvisingatongopedziswi.