Tsika Yebumbiro Remitemo Rematare Ehurumende

Dare rehurumende rinoumbwa pasi peChikamu III cheUnited States Constitution, icho chinoumba Dare rimwe rapamusorosoro uye chinobvumira Congress kugadza matare akaderera sezvinodikanwa. Iri sangano rakagadzirwa namaune navaFramers kuti vavambe bazu rokutonga rinoshanda maererano nebazu makuru uye rehurumende. Bumbiro reMitemo rinoisa simba rokutonga reUnited States muaya matare, richiapa chiremera chokunzwa ndokusarudza nhau dzinomuka pasi pomutemo wehurumende, Bumbiro remitemo, uye zvibvumirano. Nheyo yenheyo ndeyokuti matare ehurumende anotonga anobatira sevasaregi, kutsanangura mutemo pasina dzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti pfungwa yakakurumbira, izvo zvinokosha kuti vachengete mutemo munzanga inotonga hurumende yehurumende.

Vagadziri veBumbiro reMitemo vakanzwisisa kuti dare remitemo raitonga zvakanaka uye risina rusaruro rainyanya kudzivirira rusununguko rwemunhu mumwe nomumwe uye kuganhura hurumende. Alexander Hamilton, achinyora mu Fiderast No. 78, rinorondedzera nenzira yakakurumbira dare sedavi rine ngozi nemhaka yokuti harina simba rechikwama kana kuti munondo. Asi simba rokutonga bedzi. Rutongeso urwu, zvisinei, rune ukoshi hukuru mukuumba mutemo nenzanga yeAmerica. Matare ehurumende anoshanda senzvero yemitemo nesimba rehurumende, achivimbisa kuti mabasa ose ehurumende anowirirana nemitemo. Nokuti, kunzwisisa basa iri pamutemo inhano yokutanga mukunzwisisa chikonzero nei, dare redare, uye kurapa kwose.

Kunzwisisa Kupomerwa Kwedare Rehurumende

Chirango ichiremera chedare chokunzwa ndokusarudza nhau. matare eFederal ane chiremera chakaganhurirwa, kureva kuti anogona bedzi kunzwa nhau dzinotenderwa zvakananga neBumbiro remitemo kana kuti mirau yehurumende. Uku musiano wakakomba kubva kumatare ehurumende, ayo ane murairo wakafara pamusoro penhau dzinomuka mukati memiganhu yawo.

Kubvunzurudzwa Kunoitwa Nehurumende

Pasi pe 28 U.S. 76 1331, matare eruwa ane chiremera chapakuvamba pamabasa ose ehurumende anoparirwa muBumbiro remitemo, mitemo yehurumende, kana kuti zvibvumirano zveUnited States. Ikoku kunobatanidza nhau dzinobatanidza kodzero dzemitemo dzakadai serusununguko rwokutaura, dziviriro yakaenzana, uye muitiro wakafanira. Inofukidzawo mirau yemitemo yehurumende yamarudzi ose yakabva kumirauriro kusvikira kumitemo yapamutemo, pamwe chete nezvinoitika zvinotendeudzira padudziro yezvibvumirano zvamarudzi ose. Apo mutepfeki wechechi yehurumende anoputsa kururamatoko maruramiro emitemo, mhaka inogamuchirwa nenzira inowirirana iri mudare renyika, ichiita kududzirwa kwakafanana kwomutemo worudzi munyika yose munyika yose inopfuvura nyika makumi mashanu.

Kusarudza Kwakasiyana - siyana

Dare rehurumende rinonzwawo mhaka pakati pavagari vemo venyika dzakasiana - siana apo chitsama mugakava chinopfuura $75 000, sezvinogoverwa ne U.C. ISAYA 1332. Uku kudzora kuripo kudzivirira fungidziro dzingavapo apo boka ringamanikidzwa kuisa pamusha pepati inopikisana. Kupfurikidza nokugovera sangano renyika reforumu, tsika inosimudzira kururama mumitsetse yehurumende. Zviitiso zvakasiana-zhinji zvinobatanidza kutaura kwomutemo, asi matare ehurumende anobetsera anoshandisa mutemo unobvira pasi pedzidziso inosimbiswa mumhaka yetsika .

Mamwe Marudzi Okupomera Nemhaka

Dare reFederal rinoshandisawo simba rapose pamhaka dzakati dzinoda kufanana dzorudzi. Idzi dzinosanganisira kudzorwa kwedare uye nhau dzegungwa, kubhuroka kwenhau, nharo dzokuva nohuwandukusiana nekodzero dzekodzero, uye mhaka dzinorwisana nehurumende yeUnited States imene. Kuwedzera, Dare Gurusa rine chiremera chapakuvamba mumhaka dzinotapura nhume, vamwe vashumiri vavanhu, uye idzo idzo hurumende iri mubato. Kunzwisisa iyi miganhu yehurumende kunobetsera vavhotera kuti nei mhaka dzakati dzakakwirira zvikuru dzinosvika dare rehurumende apo dzimwe dzinoramba dziri mumasangano ehurumende.

Zvirongwa Zvitatu Zvakatsigiswa zveDare Rehurumende

Dare redare rehurumende rakarongwa kuva mwero mitatu yakasiana, imwe neimwe ine mabasa chaiwo nemitoro. Iri sangano rehurumende rinovimbisa kuti mhaka dzinorangarirwa zvakakwana panhambo dzakawanda, neDare Rapamusoro zvikurusa richigovera tsananguro dzokupedzisira nedzinosunga dzomutemo wehurumende. Mwero mumwe nomumwe unoita basa rinokosha mukutarisirwa kweruramisiro.

Matare Oruwa eU.S.

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Matare Okukwirira eU.S.

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Dare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa reUnited States

Dare reSangano reSangano reChikuru rimire pamugumo wedare rehurumende. Rinoumbwa nemitemo mipfumbamwe, kubatanidza mumwe Mutongi Mukuru neSangano sere Vakabatana, Dare rine shoko rokupedzisira panhau dzose dzehurumende nedudziro yemitemo. Dare Gurusa rinoshandisa chiremera, kureva kuti imhaka ipi inoda kunzwa mugadziriro yedare rehurumende. Gore rimwe nerimwe, Dare rinogamuchira zviuru zvezvikumbiro asi rinopa bedzi tsinhiro kunhau dzine 80 ku 100 dzinobatanidza rwisano dzapamutemo kana kuti rwisano pakati pematare edunhunhu. Dare re&quasquo; zvisarudzo zvinotanga mutongo unoumba pamatare ose akaderera munyika, madzoro emitemo pamusoro penhau dzinobva pamaruramiro avagari vemo nekodzero dzehurumende. Ruramisi yehurumende inodzoro yehurumende inotsigirwa nokudzorwa kwehurumende.

Mabasa eCore eDare Rinotarisira Vafundisi

Vatongi vanoita mabasa anokosha anoverengeka anotsigira kudzora kwebumbiro remitemo uye kudzivirira rusununguko rwemunhu mumwe nomumwe.

Kuhwirudzura Kutonga

Zvichida basa rine simba zvikurusa rematare ehurumende ihwirudzuro yedare, chiremera chokuzivisa mitemo kana kuti zviito zvokutonga zvisina muganhu. Iri simba rakatangwa munhau yechiratidzo Marbury v. Madison, umo Mutongi John Marshall akasimbisira kuti &lquo; inhau yakakomba iri nharaunda nomubato wedhipatipati redare redare kuti itaure kuti mutemo urii. ” Dare reSarudzo remitemo rinobvumira matare kuputsa mitemo inopfuudzwa naPungiranisiparati, uye kunyange mitemo inorwisana neBumbiro remitemo. Iri basa rinokosha mukuchengeta paradza masimba uye kuvimbisa kuti pasati pari muganhu webumbiro remitemo.

Kududzira Mashoko Anokosha

Matare ehurumende anogara achidudzira revo yemirau yehurumende inopiwa neCongress. Kana mutauro womutemo usiri nyore kunzwisisa, matare anoshandisa manyoro akatangwa kuti aone chinangwa chemitemo. Basa iri rokududzira mashandisirwe emitemo, kazhinji kazhinji richiva nemigumisiro inoshanda paupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Somuenzaniso, kududzira kwedare reDec Air Act kunotema miganhu yezvakapoteredza, nepo kududzirwa kwemitemo yeAfford Care Act inotapura kukwanisa kurapa mamiriyoni eAmerica. Mitongero inoshandiswa kutsanangura mitemo, kana kuti manyoro, mabhii apakuvamba, kana kuti ma purpoti, inhau dzekurukurirano dzinokosha mukati mepurejiswo pamusoro pokutongwa uye nhau yokuvhotera pamusoro pokushandisa mitemo.

Kudzivirira Kodzero Dzomunhu Mumwe Nomumwe

Bill of Rights nemutezo webumbiro-siseko zvinoganhurira zvakajeka simba rehurumende, uye matare ehurumende anobatira sevapinduri vakuru veidzi dziviriro. Vagari vanodavira maruramiro avo ebumbiro remitemo akapunzwa vanogona kutsvaka kutsiva mudare rehurumende kupfurikidza nokukwirira mu U.S. . . .1986[FLD] [1998] [1] kana kuti kupfurikidza nokutungamirira mitemo. matare ehurumende anodzivirira maruramiro okutaura akasununguka pasi peFirst Amend Remendment, anovimbisa miitiro yakanaka mukuwirirana neSangano yeSangano reClaus, anodzivisa kunzvera kusina mufungo pasi peRendementation yeChina, uye anobatira dziviriro yakaenzana pasi pechibvumirano cheGeneardenderlinement. Munhau dzehurumende, matare ehurumende anodzivirira kodzero dzetsoropo, kubatanidza zano kurudyi kuidzoro yenhau dzinodzorwa nokukurumidza, uye kuidzo inotongedzerwa zvikuru.

Makeja Nedzikamo

Mibato yedare rehurumende sebazu rakaenzana rinonzvera masimba eCongress naPurezidhendi. Matare anogona kuraira zviito zvokutungamirira zvinopfuura chiremera kana kuti chiremera chebumbiro remitemo, sezvinoonekwa mudenho dzakawanda kumirairo mizhinji nemirairo yemitemo. Kuwedzera, matare ehurumende anonzvera kuva pamutemo wedare, achisimbisa kuti Congress inoshanda mumasimba ayo ose. Uku kunzvera kushanda mumativi ose: nepo matare anogona kuganhurira chiito chehurumende, iwo anotsamirawo pamamwe mapazu kuti atsigire mitemo yawo. Bazu guru rine mutoro wokushandisa mirayiro yedare, uye rinodzora dare rinodzora pamutemo vhikiswo pamutemo. Kuzvirongwa izvi zvinosimbisa magadzirirwo emitemo okutonga. Voters anofanira kuziva kuti kuzvitonga kunoitwa nokuzvitonga, uye kubhadhara upenyu kunoitwa kuti kuve kwakaipa kupfurikidza nokusashandiswa pamutemo.

Basa Rematare Anotonga Muupenyu Hwezuva Nezuva

Nepo vagari vemo vazhinji vachibatira pamwe zvikurukuru nematare ehurumende kupfurikidza nokuputswa kwemijaho, nhau dzemitemo yemhuri, kana kuti mhaka dzomunzvimbomo dzoutsotsi, matare ehurumende anotapura upenyu hwezuva nezuva munzira huru uye kazhinji kazhinji dzisingaoneki.

Kodzero Dzevagari Vemo Nekusunungurwa

Zvisarudzo zvedare renyika yeLandmark zvakaumba nzvimbo yekodzero dzevagari vemo kwezvizvarwa. Zvisarudzo zvakafanana ne Brown v. Boka reDzidzo , iro rakagumisa kuganhurirwa kwapamutemo muzvikoro zvavose, uye Obergefell v. Hodges, iyo inobvuma roorano imwe cheteyo sekodzero yemitemo, inovamba mumatare ehurumende. matare ehurumende anopfuurira kudzosa maruramiro ekodzero dzokuvhotera, kubvisa mimba, rusununguko rwechitendero, uye kutaura kwapachena muzera remitezo. Nguva yose dare rinodzosa mutemo wokupara mhosva kana kuti kudzivirira maruramiro orudyi, zvinosimbisa chipikirwa chemitemo yetsika youkwakaenzana nerusununguko rwavagari vemo.

Gadziriro Yezvemari Nokutengeserana

Dare reFederal rinotsanangura nokushandisa mitemo inodzora upfumi hwenyika. Zvisarudzo zvekuchengetesa kusachengeteka, kubiridzirwa kwemitemo, nhau dzokubhuroka, uye kusawirirana kwezvinhu zvinopinda muhurumende. Federal Trade Commission yeSangano reSangano neExchange, uye mamwe masangano ehurumende anomanikidza vatengi kuti vadzivirire uye vatevedzere mitemo yemari, matare achiongorora zviito zvawo nokuda kwechirevo nemitemo yemitemo yemitemo yemitemo yemitemo yehurumende nemitemo yemitemo yekoshefu. Zvisarudzo zvedare rehurumende pamutemo webvumirano, bhizimisi, bhizimisi, uye kuchengeteka kwamabasa, kugadzirirwa kwebasa, uye kudzika kwezve zvoupfumi. Vashandi, matare ehurumende anodzorongedzero dzamatongo ehurumende, kubatanidza zvinodikanwa zvemitemo yemitemo yeSangano dzebasa nemitemo yeko reko reko reko reOunivertic Ad Office and Ad Administration Adminition.

Ruramisiro Yeutsotsi Nechengeteko Yorudzi

Dare reFederal rinotonga vanhu vamwe navamwe nemhaka yokuputsa mitemo yeutsotsi yehurumende, kubatanidza kutengesa mirimo, kutengesa zvinodhaka, ugandanga, uye mhaka dzokubuda munyika. Federal Bureau of Prison Dzimba dzine mhaka dzevapomendi, uye matare ehurumende anotarisira kukwirira nokukumbira kusunungurwa pashure pekukwirira. Mumashoko okuchengeteka enyika, Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court inoshanda mukati medare redare rehurumende rejajicaricariary, kuongorora zvikumbiro zvekunzvera masimba okumwe kana kuti vamiririridzi vavo. matare ehurumende anobvumirana nezvikumbiro zvinoiswa vanhu vamwe navamwe zvinodenha kusungwa kwavo, dziviriro inotsoropodza pakati pekuchengeteka nerusununguko zvehurumende inowanzouya pamberi pavatongi vehurumende, kuita basa ravo mukutonga utsotsi muutsotsi nenhau dzougandanga renyika yose.

Maidi Anokosha Mashoko Ari Ose Anofanira Kuzivikanwa

Kunzwisisa dare redare rehurumende kunogovera vavhoti simba rokutora rutivi nenzira ine revo mugadziriro yehurumende yehurumende, zvikurukuru pakunzvera zvinyorwa zvapurezidhendi naDare pamusoro pokukwidziridza.

Upenyu Hwakaipa Nokuda Kwavatongi Vehurumende

Artigin III inotonga, kubatanidza vatongi veDare Gurusa, dare ravatongi vokukwirira, uye vatongi vedare roruwa, vanobatira kugadza kwoupenyu hwose mukati me “ Mufambiro wakanaka.” ikoku kunoreva kuti vanogona bedzi kubviswa kupfurikidza nokusateverwa neNzvimbo yeVamiriri nepringi, muitiro unochengeterwa nokuda kwomufambiro wakakomba kana kuti utsotsi. Upenyu hunorongedzerwa kudzivirira vatongi padzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika uye murangariro wavose, zvichivabvumira kuita zvisarudzo zvakavakirwa pamutemo nemuenzaniso. Nepo ichi chiva chinosimudzira kuzvimirira mutongo wokutonga, zvinorevawo kuti kuva nemigumisiro migumisiro mirefu inopfuura kure ipi neipi inodzo inodzorwa pazera rimwe. Ruramisi 50 ingabatira kwamakore 30 kana kuti kupfuura, mutemo wavanhu vose, unobvumira mutemo wavose.

Gadziriro Yokusimbisa

Vatongi vehurumende vanosarudzwa naPurezidhendi uye vanofanira kusimbiswa nevhoti huru muDare. Dare reDare reDare reMutudi rinotonga rinofanira kurangarira muminees ’ zvikwaniriso, ruzivo rwepamutemo, uye uzivi hwokutonga. Vatongi vemaruwa nevematunhu vanowanzova pasi pezvipingamupinyi zvishoma, asi kupesana kweDare guru kwakawedzera mumakumi amakore achangobva kupfuura. Kusimbisa kunopa mukana wokuyera kuti vatengi vavo vakasarudzwa vashandise sei zano ravo nebasa rokubvumirana. Vanasarentenator vangatsigira kana kuti kushora mabhii anotsamira pamirayiridzo yetsika dzetsika, zvikwanidzo zvenyanzvi, kana kuti mirangariro yapamutemo. Mapango acho akakwirira zvikuru apo maPucenice naMasternai anodzorwa nedare rakasiana nenhau zvakasiana nenhau mutsika. Voter anogona kurangarira zvakanaka

Kuzvimirira Kwokutonga Nokuvimba Noruzhinji

Kuzvimirira kwedare inheyo inopesana yokuti matare anofanira kusarudza nhau pasina kudzongonyedzwa kubva kune mamwe mapazu ehurumende kana kuti kumurangariro wavose. Iyi nheyo inosimbiswa noupenyu nokuda kwavatongi III, dziviriro padzinoderedzwa, uye mitemo yetsika inodzora mufambiro wedare. Chivimbo chavanhu mudare chinokosha nokuda kwokushanda kwematare, sezvo vagari vemo vanofanira kudavira kuti vachagamuchira kutonga kwakarurama pasinei zvapo nenzvimbo yavo, mukurumbira, kana kuti batira pamwe nezvamatongerwe enyika. Mukuwirirana ne Saupme Court &squaro; inotonga nyaya dzinodzorwa. , Dare rinowana maruramiro okutonga rinofanira kukanganisa pamutemo nokuda kwokunzwisisa kuti zvisarudzo zvaro zvaro zvaro. Apo chivimbo chavose chinoshata, judiary &ary; mano okutonga kwoudzorwa murugare.

Matapurire Anoita Matare Ehurumende Maererano Nenyu Nenzira Yakananga

Zvisarudzo zvedare rehurumende zvinobata mativi ose oupenyu hweAmerica. Apo unodirana mubhaisikopo, mutemo wekodzero dzehurumende unodzora zvinobatanidzwa ne’ dziviriro. Pau kutenga chigadzirwa paIndaneti, mitemo yezvokutengeserana yehurumende inoshanda. Apo unogamuchira chekicheki yeSocial Security kana kuti Medicase inobetsera, revo rete yedare rehurumende yeidzo dzepurogiramu idzodzo dzinosarudza uye dzinobetsera. Mitemo inodzo inodzorwa neNhunganwa nedare reNhungamiro yeNzatiko inodzokororwa nedare renyika. Miteko yeIndaneti inopa miuyo inotapura mhuri, matare ehurumende, [2] uye kuendesa matare anodzorwa kwadzoro. [[FLT]

Kukosha Kwokubatanidzwa Muchibvumirano Chokuberekana

Sarudzo yezvirongwa zvedare reSangano reSangano reSangano reSangano reSangano reSangano reHurumende iri madikanwa nokuda kwokuchengeta dare rine utano. Vane ruzivo vanonzwisisa chirongwa nebasa zvematare ehurumende vakashongedzerwa zviri nani kuyera vaparidzi vemasangano evamiririri nevomunzanga. Dare reSangano reSangano reSangano reSangano reSangano reSangano reSangano reSangano reSangano reSangano reSangano reSangano reSangano reSangano reSangano reSangano reSangano reSangano reSangano reSangano reSangano reSangano reSangano reSangano reSangano reSangano, rinopa mishumo mishumo yenhau, mari inoda, uye kugadziriswa kwemiteveri yezvipfuyo. Kushanda nezviwanikwa kwezviwanikwa nesimba nezviwanikwa nehurumende judiarcharcration &quo; basa uye ukoshi yezvo kukosha kwokunzwisisa matare kuti zvishatsa. Apo matare zvinonyatsonzwisisa matare zvinotonga pamutemo zvinodzivirira matare zvinodzivirira pamutemo zvinodzivirira pamutemo uye kudzivirira matare.

Matare ehurumende haasi masangano ari kure anoshanda akaparadzaniswa noupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Anokosha ehurumende yeAmerica anodzivirira kodzero dzevanhu, anochengeta mutemo, uye anova nechokwadi chokuti mamwe mapazu ehurumende anoshanda mumiganhu yebumbiro remitemo. Nguva dzose muvhoti anokanda muvhoti waPrezidhendi kana kuti Dare, uyo anovhota renguva yemberi nenhungamiro zvedare rehurumende. Nokunzwisisa maidi ari nyore pamusoro pezvinoita matare ehurumende, vavhoti vanogona kuita zvisarudzo zvokuziva zvinotsigira ruramisiro, yakazvimirira, uye gadziriro yokutonga inobudirira nokuda kwezvizvarwa zvichauya.