Nzvimbo yebasa imhoteredzo yakakomba umo vashandi vanofanira kuziva nezvekodzero dzavo dzebumbiro remitemo nedzemitemo. Kunzwisisa idzi kodzero kunopa simba vashandi kuti vazvitsigire vamene, vazive kuputswa, uye vave nechokwadi chokubatwa zvakanaka. Nepo dziviriro dzebumbiro remitemo dzinoshanda zvikurukuru kukuita basa rehurumende, mitemo yehurumende nehurumende yakawanda inotambanudzira dziviriro dzakafanana kuvashandi veboka ravatengi. Nyaya inopa kunzverwa kukuru kwekodzero dzebumbiro remitemo dzinoshanda kubasa, pamwe chete nedziviriro dzemitemo idzo mushandi ari wose anofanira kuziva.

Kupfuudzira Kodzero Dzebumbiro reMitemo Kubasa

Hurumende yeU.S. inodzivirira vanhu vamwe navamwe pakunyengerwa nehurumende, asi kushanda kwayo munzvimbo dzezvitendero zvomunhu oga kwakaganhurirwa zvikuru. Yokutanga, yechina, yeshanu, uye ye145 Amendments inodzivisa zvakananga vashandirwi vehurumende (vabati vehurumende, voruwa, uye vomunzvimbomo). Nokuda kwavashandi voga, idzi maruramiro anowanzoshandiswa kupfurikidza nemiraudzo yakadai seTitle VII yeNational Rights Act, National Labor Relationstion Act, uye mabumbiro emitemo. Kunyanguvezvo, kunzwisisa gadziriro yemitemo kunobetsera kunobetsera vashandi kuzivisa apo kodzero dzavo dzemitemo dzingabatanidzwa uye mishonga yapamutemo iripo. Nyaya inofukidza zvose zviri zviviri pamutemo nedziviriro inogoverwa nebasa razvino unogoverwa nemitemo.

Kodzero Huru dzeBumbiro reMitemo Kubasa

Vashandi vanofanira kurovedzana negadziridzo ina dzinokosha dzinoumba kodzero dzebasa.

  • Mutemo wokutanga: unodzivirira kutaura kwakasununguka, kutaura, uye songaniro. Vashandi vehurumende vane dziviriro huru; vashandi vomunhu oga vanotsamira zvikurukuru pamitemo yehurumende nemitemo yekambani.
  • Foundation: Varindi vanodzivisa kunzvera kusina mufungo nehosha. Vanoshandisa hurumende zvakananga; vashandi vomunhu oga vane maruramiro ezvakavanzika pasi pomutemo wehurumende nemitemo inodzorwa.
  • Fith Amendment: Inodzivirira pakuzvitutumadza. Mumatsotsi; vashandi voruzhinji vakawedzera dziviriro mu [[FLT:] . New Jersey.
  • Fineteth Amendment: inovimbisa dziviriro yakaenzana nomuitiro wakafanira. Vashandi vehurumende vane dziviriro dzehurumende; vashandi vomunhu oga vanodzivirirwa nemitemo inodzivisa shanje.

Kudzikamiswa Kwokutanga: Kutaura Kwakasununguka uye Kutaura

First Amendment inorambidza hurumende kubva murusununguko rwokutaura rusingadzoreki. Kuvashandi vehurumende, Dare rePamusorosoro mu Picking v. Board of Education yakasimbisa kuti kutaura pamusoro penhau dzeitiro hanya yavose kunodzivirirwa kana kusingadzongonyedzi mano omushandi okuita mabasa. Ikoku kunoreva mudzidzisi wechikoro wavose haagoni kudzingwa nokuda kwokutaura pamusoro pemari yedzidzo, asi mushandi wetengi woga haana kutaura kwapamutemo kwakadaro kana asingapiwi nokuda kwehurukuro yakafanana.

Vashandi vari voga, zvisinei, havasi vasina dziviriro. National Labor Relations Act inodzivirira “mubato unowirirana” — vashandi vanoshanda pamwe chete kuvandudza migariro yebasa — iyo inobatanidza kazhinji kazhinji kutaura pamusoro pemibairo, chengeteko, uye miitiro yokutarisira. Kuwedzera, maruwa mazhinji ane“ kuda” kunze kwebasa iro rinoita kuti matsive nokuda kwokushuma mubato usiri wapamutemo (kudzosa). Vashandi vanofanira kuva nemiitiro yakajeka inoremekedza ratidziro yavashandi apo vaichengeta nhevedzano.

Kuchinja Kwechina: Kuva Woga Nokutsvakurudza

Chibvumirano chechina chinodzivirira kusecha kusina mufungo nokusurumuka. Vashandi vehurumende vane kariro ine mufungo yokuva voga mumahofisi avo, madhesiki, uye zvinhu, kunyange zvazvo kariro iyoyi yakaderedzwa munharaunda dzinogoveranwa kana kuti dzinosvikwa pachena. Mu O’Connor v. Ortega, Dare rapamusoro rakataura kuti vashandirwi vehurumende vanganzvera basa pasina rugwaro kana vane mufungo mumugariro nedonzo.

Nokuda kwavashandi vesekete vari voga, Findment yeChina haishandi zvakananga, asi kodzero dzakavanzika dzinodzivirirwa nomutemo wehurumende, mitemo yemagetsi, uye mitemo yekambani. Vashandi vanofanira kudzikamisa zvinodikanwa zvebhizimisi zvapamutemo — zvakadai sokudzivisa kuba kana kuti kuronga basa — nekariro dzine mufungo dzevashandi dzokuva voga. Miitiro yakanakisisa inobatanidza kugovera ziviso dzakanyorwa dzemitemo inoongorora, kuganhurira kunzvera nzvimbo dzine chokuita nebasa, uye kudzivisa matanho okupinza zvinhu senzvero yokushambidza.

Kugadziridzwa Kwechishanu: Kuzviparadzanisa

Gadziriro yeFirefute inodzivirira vanhu pakumanikidzirwa kuzvipupurira vamene mumhaka dzoutsotsi. Munzvimbo yebasa, ikoku kunovapo mukati mekunzvera kwomukati apo vashandi vangakumbirwa kugovera kutaura kungagona kushandiswa gare gare kwavari. Nokuda kwavashandi voruzhinji, ] Chirango [ chinotaura kuti kana mushandirwi wehurumende akagombedzera mushandi kupindura mutyisidziro yechirango, kutaura ikoko hakugoni kushandiswa mukupomera mhaka utsotsi yakatevera. Ikoku kunozivikanwa se “Garrith quers."

Vashandi vapachivande havana dziviriro [, asi ivo vachiri namaruramiro okuramba vakanyarara nokubvunza gweta vasati vapa chibvumirano. Vashandirwi havagoni kumanikidza kana kuti kuvharidzira mushandi, asi vangabvisa basa nokuda kwokuramba kubatira pamwe nenzvero yapamutemo — kutoti kokesa kana kuti mutemo wehurumende unogovera neimwe nzira. Vashandirwi vanofanira kuziva kuti chinhu chipi nechipi chavanotaura mubvunzurudzo chinogona kushandiswa soufakazi, uye vanofanira kubvunza kana kubvunzurudzwa kwacho kuri kwakavanzika kana kuti kuri madikanwa.

Kugadziridzwa Kwechigumi Nemana: Kudzivirirwa Kwakaenzana Negadziriro Yakafanira

Dare reMitemo rechigumi namana rinovimbisa kuti hakuna hurumende icha “ramba munhu upi noupi ari mukati moudzori hwaro dziviriro yakaenzana yemitemo.” Ikoku kunoreva vashandirwi voruzhinji havagoni kusarura pahwaro hwedzinza, hutema, rudzidziso, kana kuti mamwe mavara akadzivirirwa kutoti ivo vane fariro inogombedzera. Inogoverawo muitiro weproceducal — ziviso nokunzwa — pamberi pomusha ane fariro yenzvimbo mubasa ravo (h., vadzidzisi vanobhadharwa kana kuti vashandi vavagari vemo) vanogona kudzingwa basa.

Vashandirwi vehurumende havasuntswi zvakananga neKineth Amendment, asi vanodzorwa nemitemo inorwisana nerusaruro: Mutengo VII weChibvumirano chekodzero dzechivolhomuni, Age Discist in Adbiction Act, vaAmerican vane chibvumirano cheBullisect Act, uye miitiro yebasa yapamutemo. Iyi mitemo inorambidza rusaruro mukurovha, kupfura, kukwidziridza, muripo, uye mitengo yebasa. Vashandi vanodavira kuti vakasarurwa vanogona kuisa pomero neCommomment Octive Commissiontion (EOC) uye vanokwanisa kubhadhara mari.

Dzimwe Dziviriro Dzehurumende Nedzehurumende

Kunze kwezvigadziridzo zvebumbiro remitemo, vashandi vanofarikanya dziviriro dzakasimba mumirau yehurumende nehurumende.

  • [ Akarurama kuronga nokubatanidzwa mumubato unodzorwa: Anodzivirirwa neNational Labor Relations Act (NLRA).
  • [ Kururama Kupi: Kudzivirirwa neFair Labor Standard Act (FLSA) uye mitemo yehurumende.
  • [[[FT:0] Kurudyi kunzvimbo yakachengeteka Kubasa: Kudzivirirwa neOccupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act) uye zvirongwa zvehurumende.
  • [ Kurudyi rwemhuri neChikamu cheMarajal: Kudzivirirwa neFamily and Medical Let Act (FMLA) uye hurumende inosiya mitemo.
  • [[[Nto:0] Kufanira Kusunungurwa Mukudzorerwa: Kudzivirirwa nainenge mitemo yose yebasa nokuda kwokupinda mumubato wakadzivirirwa.

Kodzero Yokuronga Nokugoverana Mubasa Rakabatanidzwa

National Labor Relations Act inopa vashandi veboka retsoropodzi kodzero yokuumba, kukumbanira, kana kuti kubetsera masangano evashandi; kukwikwidza pamwe chete; uye kupinda mu “mibato inoyananiswa” nokuda kweyamuro kana kuti dziviriro. Ikoku kunobatanidza kukurukura mitero, kuparadzira mikumbiro pamusoro penhau dzebasa, uye kupfeka mubatanidzwa. National Labor Relations Board (NLB) inomanikidza kodzero idzi uye inorambidza mushandirwi kutsiva, zvakadai sokupfura kana kuti kutyisidzira vashandi nokuda kwebasa. Kunyange mumabasa asiri apabasa, vashandi vane maruramiro okushanda pamwe chete kuvandudza migariro — dziviriro inofukidza mitezo yose iri miviri yebatanidzwa nemitezo isiri mitezo.

Kodzero Yokuwana Mubayiro Wakanaka

Fair Labor Standard Act inogadza mubhadharo wakaderera wehurumende, inoda mari yokuwedzera yapanguva yakawandisa painosvika 1,5 mwero wenguva dzose wamaawa anopfuura 40 muvhiki rebasa, uye inoganhurira basa ravana. Nyika zhinji dzine miripo yakakwirira zvikuru nemiraudzo yorupo. Dzikata vashandi (vanopara, vanotonga, vano unyanzvi, uye vanotengesa kunze) havafaniri kuva nekodzero yokushanda nguva yakawandisa; kusarura kuputsa kunowanzo. Vashandirwi vanofanira kuyera kurongwa hwavo uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti vanobhadharwa kwemaawa ose anoshanda, kubatanidza nguva yokumirira, uye maawa anorindwa. Dhipatimendi reBasa reBasa’S Wage nero Division rinoraira kuti FLA iveitwe naanoongorora zvichemo.

Kuenda Kubasa Rakachengeteka

Safety and Health Act inoda vashandirwi kugovera nzvimbo yebasa isina ngozi dzinozivikanwa dzinoparira kana kuti sezvingabvira dzinoparira rufu kana kuti kuvadziko yakakomba mumuviri. Vashandirwi vanofanira kuwirirana nemipimo chaiyo yekotsekano, kugovera rovedzo, uye kushuma basa riri pakati pekuvadziko nezvirwere. Vashandirwi vane maruramiro okushuma migariro isina kuchengeteka, kukumbira kunzverwa kweOSH, uye kutora rutivi mukunzvera pasina kutsiva. Mudziviriri wedziviriro pasi peOSH Act uye vamwe vashandi vanodzivirira mitemo vanoisa njodzi. Rome Oshata ingapa dziviriro yokuwedzera.

Kururama Nemhuri uye Kurapwa

Family and Medical Let Act inobvumira vashandi vakakodzera kuti vasvike vhiki 12 dzezororo risingabhadharwi pagore nokuda kwokuberekwa kana kuti kurerwa kwomwana, mugariro woutano wakakomba womushandi kana kuti mutezo wemhuri, kana kuti murwi anosarudzwa. Vashandirwi vanofanira kuva vakashanda inenge mwedzi 12 (kwete hazvo yateverwa) uye maawa 1 250 mugore rakapfuura, uye mushandirwi anofanira kuva navashandi 50 kana kuti kupfuura. FMLA anoda kuti mushandirwi achengete inishuware youtano mukati mokuzorora ndokudzorera mushandi wacho kunzvimbo imwe cheteyo kana kuti imwe cheteyo pakudzoka. Dzimwe nyika dzine mhuri dzavo vamene dzinobhadharwa uye dzinosiya zvirongwa zvokurapa zvinogovera mubhadharo.

Nzira Yokudzivirira Nayo Kodzero Dzako

Kutora matanho okuita zvinhu zvinoda simba kunogona kudzivirira kuputswa uye kumisa kodzero dzako kuti dzishandiswe zvinobudirira.

  • Ziva mitemo yomushandirwi wako nomutemo: Verenga bhuku remibato yomubato, chibvumirano chesangano, uye zviziviso zvehurumende nehurumende zvinoshanda.
  • Chengeta zvinyorwa zvakakwana: Chengeta zvinyorwa zvezvinoitika, kurukurirano, uye ufakazi hupi nohupi hworusaruro, kunetswa, kana kuti kutsiva.
  • Shandisa mikoto yokushuma yomukati: Nhau dzeitiro hanya kuHR, mutariri wako, kana kuti mutsetse unotevedzerwa wazvinotevedzerwa sezvakarongwa mumuitiro wekambani.
  • Fire pomero nesangano rakakodzera: nokuda kwerusarura, faira neEOC kana kuti sangano rehurumende rinoona nezvebasa. Nokuda kwekotsekano, nyorera OSHA. Nokuda kwenhau dzeripo, nyorera Dhipatimendi reBasa.
  • [[FLT: 0] Tsangura gweta rebasa: Kana kupunza kwacho kuri mishonga yakakomba kana kuti yomukati kukundikana, gweta rinogona kurayira pamusoro pokuidzwa, kugarwa, kana kuti kutaurirana.

Ziva Tsika Dzavashandirwi Vako Nomutemo

Mushandi ari wose anofanira kuzvirovedzana amene nemitemo yekambani pamusoro pekusawirirana, kunetsa, mapoka, nokuvandika, uye chirango. Vashandirwi vazhinji vanofanira kutumira zviziviso pamusoro pekodzero dzehurumende nehurumende (mutoo, FLA, FLA, OSSA). Mitemo yehurumende ingagovera dziviriro dzakafara — somuenzaniso, dzimwe nyika dzinorambidza rusaruro rwakavakirwa padariro kana kuti chiratidzo chevatano yevatano kunyange kana mutemo wehurumende usingadaro. Kugara uchiziviswa kupfurikidza ne EC, [FLT:], [FLT:]] , [FLT] A[FLT]], somuenzaniso [FFL:3], uye [FFLT]

Rambai Muchinyatsonyora Mashoko Enyu

Apo unofungidzira kuputswa kwamaruramiro, nyora chinyorwa chapanguva imwe cheteyo. Kubatanidza misi, nguva, nzvimbo, mazita ezvapupu, uye rondedzero yechokwadi yechakaitika. Chengeta maemail, mashoko orugwaro, manzwi, uye mirau inonzvera izvo zvinoratidza mutoo wokubatwa kusina kururama. Mifananidzo yemigariro isina kukotsekana, zvinyorwa zvinoratidza kushaiwa nguva yapakati, kana kuti makopi enyunyuto dzorusaruro ufakazi hunokosha. Manyoro angatsoropodza apo anoisa pomero kana kuti dare, sezvo ndangariro dzinopera uye vashandirwi vangapikisa nhau dzako.

Shandisa Mikoto Yokushuma

Vashandirwi vakawanda vane miitiro yokushuma zvichemo — kazhinji kazhinji vebato reHR, vasingazivi kuti munhu anopindwa muropa, kana kuti mukuru mukuru akasarudzwa.Mushumo womukati ungapedza nhau yacho nokukurumidza ndokuratidza kuti wapa mushandirwi mukana wokururamisa chinetso chacho. Ingavawo chinodikanwa nokuda kwezvirevo zvapamutemo, zvakadai sezvinoitika zvokunetswa uko chikwereti chomushandi zvinotsamira pakuti anozviziva pamusoro pomufambiro wacho here.

Ipa Mhaka Nezvokutsvaka Hurumende

Kana chisarudzo chomukati chikakundikana, unogona kuisa pomero nesangano rehurumende kana kuti rehurumende. Nokuda kwokusarura basa, unofanira kuisa pomero neEEOC (kana kuti sangano rehurumende rimwe chete) mukati mamazuva 180 (kana mazuva 300 mune dzimwe nyika) okuputswa kunonzi. dare reEOC richanzvera ndokubudisa “kwakarurama kukwidza. Nokuda kwokutyorwa kwebasa neawa, nyora kunyunyuta neBato reOSTAI neHour Divice. Nokuda kwenjodzi, nyumwiro neOSHCA. Chiteshi chimwe nechimwe chine ganhuriro yorumano negadziriro, naizvozvo ita nokukurumidza.

Ona Mushonga Webasa

Gweta rinoona nezvebasa rinogona kuongorora nyaya yako, kutsanangura zvaunosarudza, uye kukumiririra mukurukurirano kana kuti kutaurirana. Vakawanda vanopa kubvunza kwokutanga pachena. Betsero yepamutemo inokosha zvikuru kana ukasangana nenhau yakaoma — yakadai sekutsiva, kuba, kana kuti kubvisa zvisakarurama — kana kuti kana mushandirwi ari mukuru uye akasatsarukana. Dzimwe mhaka dzinotorwa pahwaro hwakarurama, zvinoreva kuti gweta rinobhadharwa bedzi kana ukahwina. Tsvai masangano ebhawa romunzvimbomo kana kuti kushandisa mari yeyamuro yepamutemo.

mhedziso

Kunzwisisa kodzero dzebumbiro remitemo munzvimbo yebasa kunokosha kuvashandi vose, vangave vari voruzhinji kana kuti voga. Apo Bumbiro remitemo rinopa nheyo, mitemo yebasa yazvino uno uye miganhu yemabasa zvakawedzera zvikuru dziviriro parusaruro, migariro isina kuchengeteka, mibhadharo isina kunaka, uye matsive. Nokugara vachiziva, kunyora zviitiko, kushandisa mikoto, uye kutsvaka mazano epamutemo pazvakakodzera, vashandi vanogona kudzivirira kodzero dzavo uye kubatsira kuti pave nenzvimbo yakanaka uye yakarurama yebasa. Simba rinova chinhu chinokosha kusimbisa kuti mushandi wose abhadharwe noruremekedzo noruremekedzo.