Kodzero Dzomuchato Nokuzivikanwa Mumutemo Kwegadziriro Dzokubereka Vana

Vanhu vakawanda nevakaroorana zvavanotendeukira kukubatsira kubereka kuti vavake mhuri dzavo, pamutemo munyika yose vanotarisana nedenho yokurondedzera kuva mubereki, kudzivirira kodzero dzemativi ose, uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti kuziva ikoko hakusaruri pahwaro hwekodzero dzeroorano kana kuti vatano. Kuwiriraniswa kweroorano uye kubereka kunomutsa mibvunzo mikuru yepamutemo uye yetsika iyo matare, matare edzimba, uye mhuri zvinoramba zvichitungamirira.

Kusanonzvera Marudzi Makuru Maviri

Kubereka mwana asiri wako igadziriro umo mukadzi anobvuma kuva nepamuviri pomumwe munhu kana kuti vaviri vachava mwana ’ vabereki vapamutemo pashure pokuberekwa. Nepo mufungo mukuru wakananga, misiyano yapamutemo neyomuzvarirwo pakati pezvimiro zviviri zvikuru zvokubereka vana zvine revo huru nokuda kwamaruramiro avabereki, kuzivikanwa kweroorano, uye rwisano yehurumende.

  • Kubereka mwana kwomuzvarirwo ̵ Muchimiro ichi chekare, muberekera anoshandisa zai rake amene, iro rinoiswa nourume kubva kuna baba vakatemwa (kana kuti mupi). Nemhaka yokuti mutsivi ane ukama hwemavara emavara nemwana, angarangarirwa saamai mumativi mazhinji emitemo kutoti achirega kodzero dzake dzoubereki. Chimiro chegamuchidzanwa zvino hachisi chakakurumbira zvikuru nemhaka yezvakaro zvapamutemo uye kushandiswa kwemitoo yokubereka nayo.
  • Kubereka mwana kwomwana kwoga [#821]; Pano, mwana asati akwaniswa akasikwa kupfurikidza neflivtilization (IVF) kuvabereki vanodikanirwa kana kuti vapi vanoisirwa mumumwe munhu. Kuchinja hakuna ukama hwemavara okugara nhaka kumwana. Ichi chimiro chakakurumbira zvikuru nhasi, zvikurukuru pakati pavaroorani navakwanyina vamwe chete, nemhaka yokuti kunopa paradzano yakajeka zvikuru yetsika neyomubereki. Zvisinei, kuzivikanwa kwapamutemo kuchiri kusiana zvikuru panzvimbo apo kuberekwa kunoitika uye apo vabereki vanoshuviwa vanorarama.

Kubereka mwana wechirume kwegamuchidzanwa uye kubereka pamuviri kazhinji kazhinji kunotsamira pakudikanwa kwokurapa, zano rapamutemo, uye mitemo yesimba rakafanira.

Roorano Nevabereki: Chikonzero Nei Mamiriro Ezvinhu Eroorano Aine Nhau Mumutemo Wokubereka Vana

Ukama pakati peroorano nomutemo wokubereka vana hahuna kufanana.Mumiitiro yakawanda yapamutemo, roorano inopa murangariro womubereki uyo vanhu vasina kuroorana navaroorani vasingangoerekani vanogamuchira.

Apo varoorani vanopinda chibvumirano chokuberekana, dzimwe nyika dzinovabvumira kuwana nhevedzano inoziviswa vabereki vanoshuviwa savabereki vapamutemo nokukurumidza pakuberekwa. Uyu muitiro wokupfuudza kazhinji kazhinji hauwaniki kuvaroorani vasina kuroorana kana kuti vanhu vamwe, avo vangafanira kurerwa navabereki pashure pokuberekwa kana kuti kuwana nhevedzano yedare pashure pokuedzwa kwamavara okugara nhaka. Muuyo igadziriro yavana vaviri vakazvarwa: vabereki vakarongeka vanoshuva kutarisana nemhingani shomanene, nepo vabereki vasina kuroora vachifamba nomuitiro wapamutemo unodhura zvikuru uye nguva inowirirana nemitemo.

Nokuda kwavakwanyina vane mitezo mimwe cheteyo yevatano, mugariro wakatooma zvikuru. Kunyange mumitemo inoona roorano ine chokuita nevatano, mitemo yokuberekana muvatano inganyorwa mumashoko evatano anoreva kuva amai nababa. Vaviri vevatano yevatano yevatano yevatano, somuenzaniso, vangawana kuti baba vomuzvarirwo bedzi ndivo vanozivikanwa, vanosiya mukwanyina asiri wezvomusikirwo kuti apfuure nokurerwa kwechipiri kana kuti chisarudzo chomubereki. Ikoku kunoparira kusachengeteka kwapamutemo nenhamo yemirangariro nokuda kwemhuri dzinozivikanwa zvizere mumutemo weroorano.

Kuzivikanwa Mumutemo Kunopesana Nemhosva

Chimwe chemhinganidzo dzinotyisa zvikurusa nokuda kwemhuri dzinoumbwa kupfurikidza nokubereka mwana asiri wako kushaikwa kwokuziva kusingachinjiki. Nhevedzo yapamberi pokuberekwa ingave isina revo muNebraska, uye varoorani veBritain avo vakapedza kuberekana muIndia vangawana kuti nyika yavo yokumusha inoramba kupa nhevedzano yavabereki. Uku kuzivikanwa kunotapura vabereki vakarongerwa kuroora navasina kuroorwa zvakafanana, asi muuyo wacho kazhinji kazhinji unova wakaoma zvikuru pana avo vane mugariro weroorano usingakwaniri pamutemo.

  • United States & #821]; mutemo weU.S. United States seCalifornia, Illinois, uye Massachusetts ine mitemo yakajeka uye kana mutemo uchitsigira kubereka vana vakaroorana. Zvimwe, kufanana neNew York neMichigan, zvakaganhurirwa kana kuti zvakarambidzwa munhau. Kunyange munyika dzinotsigira, varoorani vangatarisana nezvinodikanwa zvokuwedzera zvakadai sechibvumikiso chemavara okugara nhaka chomubereki kana kuti fundo dzapamusha.
  • .B] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
  • Canada[[FL:1] & #821; Kubira mwana kusiri kwapamutemo, asi kubereka mwana asina udyire kunobvumirwa. Maruwa mazhinjisa anobvumira kuzivikanwa kwapamberi pokuberekwa kwevakaroorana, asi vakwanyina vasina kuroorana vangada kupfurikidza nezvirongwa zvokurera mwana wokurera.
  • Australia /#821]; mitemo yokubereka vana inosiana nehurumende nendima. Kubereka mwana kwoga kwapamutemo, asi kubereka mwana kwokutengeserana kunorambidzwa. Nyika zhinji dzinoda vabereki vanorongerwa kuroora kana kuti muukama hunodzorwa, zvinobudirira kubvisa vanhu vasina kuroora kana kuroorwa nevamwe vakaroorana vezvevatano.

Kubereka mwana kwomunyika yose kunotanga zvimwe zvinetso: mutemo wokupinda munyika, nhau dzougari hwemo, uye rwisano dzomutemo. Mwana anoberekerwa kune imwe nyika kune mumwe muberekera angasava nesimba kana vabereki vanoshuviwa ’ nyika yokumusha isingazivi kuva mubereki. Varoorani kazhinji kazhinji vane nzira iri nyore zvikuru, sezvo nyika zhinji dzinopa vana vakaberekwa nomubereki akaroora uyo ari mugari wemo. Vaviri vasina kuroorana kana kuti vabereki vorudzi rumwe chete vangada kubvumikisa kuva vagari vemavara okugara nhaka kana kuti kuwana murairo wedare pamberi pokupiwa kwepasipo.

Kudzivirira Kodzero Dzavabati Venhaka: Kuitira Hanya Muchato Nokusatora Rutivi

Nepo kukurukurirana kwakawanda kwapamutemo kuchinanga pavabereki vakaitirwa donzo, kodzero nokusakara kwevanotsiva zvakaenzana. Vadzori vanofanira kuva nomufananidzo wapamutemo wokuzvimirira, kubvumirana kwakajeka kwokuziva, uye zvibvumirano zvinomanikidzirwa zvinodzivirira utano hwavo, kuzvitonga, uye muripo (panobvumirwa). Mamiriro eroorano omutsivi wokutsiva anogonawo kuva chisakiso: mamwe magariro anoda muberi wacho ̱ mukwanyina wokubvuma gadziriro uye kubvisa maruramiro api naapi omubereki, zvikurukuru mutsika.

International Federation of Fertility Societies and the American Society for Reproductive Medicine yakabudisa nhungamiro dzinosimbisa kuti vanotsiva vamwe vanofanira kubatwa seshamwari mukushanda kwacho, kwete senzirawo zvayo yokupedza. iyi nhungamiro dzinorumbidza kuti zvibvumirano zvokubereka mwana zvive zvakanaka mutsika, zvinotarisirwa mune zvokurapa, uye zvinochengetwa pamutemo, pasinei zvapo nomugariro weroorano wavabereki vanoshuviwa.

Vakaroorana Vane Ngochani Vane Musiyano Wekuenzana Kweroorano Nokubereka Vana

Kuenzana kweroorano kwakawedzera zvikuru mumakore makumi maviri apfuura, bva mitemo yakawanda yokubereka vana isina kuchengetwa. Mudzimwe nharaunda, varoorani vane mitezo mimwe cheteyo yevatano vanofanira kubvumikisa kuti vakabatana nemwana, chinodikanwa chisina kuiswa pavakwanyina vane mitezo yakasiana yevatano vakaroorana vachishandisa kubereka. Uku kupesana kunobva mumitemo yechinyakare inorondedzera kuva mubereki anoberekwa nakwo kana kuti roorano kumubereki wokubereka.

Nokuda kwavaroorani vane mitezo mimwe cheteyo yevatano yavatana, mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kutonyanya kunzwika. Vaviri vakaroorana vane mitezo mimwe cheteyo yevatano vanoshandisa mupi wembeu asingazivikanwi uye muberekera mwana mumwe munhu vangawana kuti amai vokubereka bedzi ndivo vanozivikanwa zviri pamutemo munyika dzakawanda, vachimanikidzira amai vasati vaberekwa kurera mwana. Ikoku kunodhura, kunodhura, uye kunoderedza mhuri dzinofanira kubatwa sadzakaenzana navamwe varoorani vapi navapi.

Masangano ekodzero dzavanhu, kubatanidza Sumbair yaMaruramiro avanhu, tsigira mitemo inobata mhuri dzose zvakaenzana, pasina mamiriro evatano kana kuti roorano. Anotaura kuti fariro dzakanakisisa dzomwana dzinofanira kuva nheyo huru, uye kuti mubereki wapamutemo anofanira kusarudzwa nevavariro, bvumirano, uye kuva mubereki anoshanda, kwete nemifungo yeroorano yakareruka.

Kuchinja Kwepamutemo uye Nzira Dzakarumbidzwa

Vatsigiri nokuda kwokuchinja mutemo wokubereka vana vakaziva chinjo huru dzinoverengeka idzo dzaizoderedza rusaruro ndokugovera kujeka:

  • chinjai mabasa omubereki ̵ mativi mazhinji ari kurangarira mutemo wakafanana neUTC Paretage Act (UPA) muUnited States, uyo unogovera gadziriro nokuda kwevabereki vanopa vabereki vanotenderwa pachivariro nemvumo, kwete bedzi sayenzi yezvinhu zvipenyu kana kuti roorano. UPA inobvumira matare kubudisa rutongeso runozivisa kuva mubereki pamberi pokuberekwa, kuchideredza kusazivana kwepamutemo kwemhuri dzose.
  • Kubvisa kuchengetwa kwamasuo eroorano ̵ Mitemo inoganhurira kubirana kwevakwanyina vakaroorana inofanira kutsiviwa negadziriro dzinobatanidza idzo dzinobvumidza vanhu vamwe navamwe, vakwanyina vasina kuroorana, uye varoorani vane mitezo mimwe cheteyo yevatano kupinda muzvibvumirano zvokuberekana zvinomanikidzirwa.
  • Zvibvumirano zvamarudzi ose pamusoro pokubereka mwana asiri wapamutemo ̵ Hague Conference on Private International Law yave ichishanda pakokorodzano yamarudzi akawanda yaizogadza mitemo nokuda kwokuva muchinjikwa kwemitsetse, kuva nechokwadi chokuti vana vanoberekwa kune imwe nyika havasiiwa vasina vabereki vapamutemo. Chibvumirano chakadaro chaizotaura nhau dzevagari vemo, kuzivikanwa kwavabereki, uye dziviriro dzokuberekera vamwe.
  • Kudzivirira nokuda kwavaberekera vamwe ̵ chinjo dzapamutemo dzinofanira kupa zano rapamutemo rakasununguka nokuda kwavatsivi, dzinoda utano neinishuwarenzi youpenyu, uye dzinogadza ganhuriro pachiverengero chemimba yokuberekera mumwe kuti idzivirire utano hwomuviri. Iyi dziviriro inofanira kushanda pasinei zvapo navabereki vanoshuviwa ̱ mugariro weroorano.
  • inoderedza miraidzo yepasati paberekwa [#821]; vabereki vose vanoshuva, vangave vakaroora kana kuti kwete, vanofanira kukwanisa kuwana nhevedzano yapamberi pokuberekwa iyo inogadza kuva mubereki nokukurumidza pakuberekwa. Ikoku kunoderedza mutoro wemirangariro nezvemari wokurera mwana pashure pokuberekwa uye kunovimbisa mwana kuva namabatano apamutemo kubva panguva yokutanga youpenyu.

Nyika dzinoverengeka dzakatoenda kumativi akabatanidzwa akawanda. Muna 2021, Israel yakakudza mitemo yayo yokubereka kuti ibvumire vakadzi vasina kuroorwa navaroorani vane mitezo mimwe cheteyo yevatano kushandisa surbbb, pashure pamakore okusatendeseka nedenho dzapamutemo. MuUnited States, projectal Law Commission yakarumbidza kuti nyika dzigamuchire 2017 xlif Retage Act, iyo nenzira yakajeka inobatanidza vabereki pasinei zvapo nenzvimbo yeroorano. Kuzotevera, makore mashomanene bedzi ehurumende akaigadza.

Nhungamiro Inoshanda Nokuda Kwavabereki Vanokarirwa

Nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anorangarira kubereka mwana asina kuroorwa, kunzwisisa mamiriro emitemo enyika yavo yokumusha nokuberekwa kwomwana zvinokosha. Varoorani kazhinji kazhinji vane zvisarudzo zvakananga zvikuru, asi vanofanira kungowana zano rapamutemo rinowirirana nomugariro wavo wakananga. Varoorani vasina kuroora navabereki vamwe vanorondwa vanofanira kuronga nokungwarira, kazhinji kazhinji kusarudza ganhuriro iyo inopa dziviriro dzakajeka dzavabereki nokuda kwavabereki vasiri varoora.

Matanho anokosha anosanganisira:

  • Commont gweta [#821]; Hire gweta rinoisa mumutemo wokubereka uye rine ruzivo rwenhau dzokuberekana dzinobatanidza chimiro chako chaicho cheroorano nemhuri.
  • Sarudza rudzi rwakarurama rwokubereka mwana [[[FLT: 1]] ̵ Kubereka mwana kworuzvaro kunowanzosarudzwa nemhaka yemitsetse yakajeka zvikuru yomubereki, asi kubereka mwana kwegamuchidzanwa kungava chisarudzo chapamutemo mune dzimwe nzvimbo nedziviriro dzakakodzera.
  • Pasi pechinomirira muchinjikwa ’ kodzero [ ̫ iva nechokwadi chokuti mutsivi ane mumiriri akazvimirira uye kuti chibvumirano chinofukidza ngozi dzekurapa, muripo, uye maruramiro ake okuita zvisarudzo pamusoro poutano hwake.
  • Njere nokuda kwenhau dzamarudzi ose ̵ Kana kushandisa muberi kune imwe nyika, shanda nesangano neboka rapamutemo rinonzwisisa yose iri miviri mitemo yemabhii ’ nyika navabereki vanorongedzerwa ̱ nyika yokumusha. Kuwana zano rapamutemo pamusoro pounzi, mapasi pano, uye kubuda mwana asati aberekwa.
  • Funga nezvedzimwe nzira & #821; Mune dzimwe nyika, kurera mwana wokurera kana kuti kurera mwana womubereki wokurera wechipiri kungadikanwa kunyange nokuda kwavaroorani kana mitemo isati ichiziva kurongeka. Kuronga pachine nguva mberi kunogona kuponesa mwedzi yokusava nechokwadi kwapamutemo.

Masangano akadai se American Bar Association ̱ Marairo Emhuri Chikamu[ anogovera zviwanikwa namabhukwana egweta anonangidzira ngwariro paruzivo rwokubereka. Masangano mazhinji anopawo marekitari edzidzo nehedhiresa dzapamutemo.

Nguva Yemberi Yeroorano, Mhuri, uye Mutemo Wokubereka Vana

Sezvo rondedzero yemhuri inopfuurira kukura, gadziriro dzapamutemo dzinofanira kuchinja kuti dziratidzire zvinhu chaizvoizvo zvazvino uno. Roorano haifaniri kuva chinodikanwa nokuda kwokuzivikanwa kwavabereki, uye mitemo yokubereka vana yakavakirwa pamugariro weroorano kana kuti mirangariro yevatano inorangarirwa nenzira inowedzera kuva isingawirirani nenheyo dzokuenzana. Matare mumitemo inoverengeka akatoparadza ganhuriro dzakadaro, uye chinjo dzomutemo dziri kuwana zvishoma nezvishoma kugamuchirwa.

Fariro dzakanakisisa dzavana dzinoraira kuti vave navabereki vakachengeteka, vanozivikanwa kubva pakuberekwa, pasinei zvapo nokuti vakanambwa sei kana kuti vabereki vavo ndivanaani. Kubereka vana, apo kunoitiswa mutsika nepamutemo, kunogona kuva nzira inoshanda yokuva mubereki nokuda kwavakwanyina vakaroorana, vakwanyina vasina kuroorana, uye vanhu vasina kuroora zvakafanana. Nharidzano yokuchinja mutemo inofanira kuva yokubvisa mhinganidzo dzisiri madikanwa, kudzivirira chiremera chavanai, uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti mwana ari wose ane vabereki vaviri (kana kuti mumwe) vanozivikanwa nenzira yapamutemo vakagadzirira uye vanodisa kuvada nokuvatsigira.

Pakupedzisira, kurukurirano pamusoro pekodzero dzeroorano nokuberekera mwana mwana chirume haisati iri bedzi pamusoro pezvirongwa zvepamutemo asi rudzi rwenzanga yatinoda kuvaka: iyo inoremekedza kuzvidzora kwokubereka, zvimiro zvemhuri zvakasiyana - siyana, uye inoramba kubvumira mugariro weroorano kusarudza kana mwana achava navabereki vapamutemo. Fambiro mberi ingava isina kufanira, asi nhungamiro yakajeka: roorano inofanira kuva chikonzero chokuchengeta, kwete muitiro wokuchengeta magedhi wokuvaka mhuri.