Table of Contents

Kunzwisisa Kubatana Kwehurumende

Ukama hwehurumende hunobatanidza kufambidzana kwemasangano ehurumende, kukurukurirana, uye kushandira pamwe kunoitika pakati pemitengo yakasiyana yehurumende((federal, nyika), uye nzvimbo. Ukama uhwu hunoumba marongedzerwe emitemo yavose, anotsigirwa, uye anodzorwa mumativi ose. Mumasangano ane mitsetse mizhinji yehurumende, kubva kuUnited States neCanada kusvika kuGermany neAustralia, ukama hwehurumende hunoshanda hunokosha kuti pave nehurumende dzinotonga pamwe, zvikurukuru munharaunda dzakadai soutano hwevoruzhinji, dzidzo, uye njodzi. Nyaya inoongorora nheyo, mibayiro, uye mazano okuvandudza ukama hwehurumende, kunyora mienzaniso chaiyo yenyika netsika dzazvinovapo.

Kushanduka - shanduka Kwenhau Kweukama Hwehurumende

Rudzi rweukama hwehurumende rwachinja zvikuru munguva yakati, zvikurukuru runoratidzira chinjo muuzivi hwezvamatongerwe enyika, migariro yemari, uye zvinodikanwa zvenzanga. MuUnited States, republic yapakuvamba yaishandiswa mugadziriro ye youdzori hwehurumende [ (dzimwe nguva inonzi "yaika yehurumende yehurumende"), umo hurumende dzehurumende nedzehurumende dzakanga dzine mitoro yakasiana, yakasiyana neyakaderera zvikuru. Mitezo yaibata nhau zhinjisadzo dzomumba apo hurumende yehurumende yaiisa ngwariro panhau dzokunze, dziviriro, uye kutengeserana kwapakati penyika. Iyi gadziriro yakashanda zvakanaka kusvikira pakuderera kukuru kwomugariro wemari, apo hurumende yakavamba kuita basa guru mugarikamitezo yenzanga neyamunzanga.

Kubata Kutsva Nemasangano Anoshandira Pamwe

Purezidhendi Franklin D. Roosevelt yakaratidzira nhambo yechinjo, ichipinza nhambo ye unani hwehurumende ("marble-kake unistism"). Federal ipa tarisiro, inogoveranwa, uye miitiro yemari yetsinga dzakava dzakakurumbira. Nguva ino yakaona kuberekwa kwebatira pamwe yehurumende munharaunda dzakafanana neripo reuro, dzimba dzavose, uye zvinhu. Mumakumi amakore anotevera, Hurumende inobatira pamwe yakawedzera kupfurikidza nepurogiramu dzeGreat Society, Medid, uye Interstate Highhway Sy System.

Miitiro Yemisi Ichangobva Kupfuura: Chirongwa Chitsva Chokushanda Nemhindumupindu

Kubvira kuma1970, nhamburiko dzokudzosera simba kunyika nenzvimbo , kazhinji kazhinji dzinonzi New Federalism[[FT:1] kana kuti devorce(yachinjazve) . Kutarisira Reagan kwakasimudzira mipiro nedzongonyedzo, nepo ma1990 akaona kuti garikano yegarikano yakaitwa pasi pePrecion arectory neWork Profective Act, zvichiita kuti pave nokuchinja kwakati mamiriro ezvinhu okubatsira. Misi ichangobva kupfuura iyi, denda reCHOID nesvomswo yemibatanidzwa yehurumende, sehurumende, hurumende, uye hurumende dzokwayamuko dzakarwisana nemirairo yezvoutano yavose, purofiti, uye kuparadzirwa kwezvoupfumi.

Chikonzero Nei Kupindirana Kweukama Hwehurumende Kuchikosha

Ukama hwehurumende hunoshanda hahusati huchingovawo zvahwo betsero yokudzora − hunokosha kukushanda kwehurumende yazvino uno. Nzvero inobva muOECD inosimbisa kuti pesvedzero yemitengo mizhinji inokosha nokuda kwokutarisana nenhau dzakaoma kudarika miganhu yenzvimbo, zvakadai sechinjo yemamiriro okunze, njodzi dzoutano, uye kukura kwezvemari kwenharaunda. Zvikonzero zvakati kuti kuve noukoshi zvinobatanidza:

  • Kuronga kwePricies: Apo mwero mizhinji yehurumende inogoverana mutoro nokuda kwenzvimbo yemiitiro (mutoo, chokufambisa, mhoteredzo), ukama hwehurumende hunovimbisa kuti nhamburiko dzinobatira pamwe panzvimbo pokupokanidzana.
  • Revisectation: Kuisa mari, unyanzvi, uye pfuma yavanhu munzvimbo dzose dzinodzorwa kunoderedza kugadzirwa kwemitengo uye kunogonesa upfumi hwemwero.
  • [[KNU] Kubatanidzwa kweNdeve dzeNyika neMitemo yeNyika: miitiro yehurumende inobvumira gadziriro dzenyika kugadziridzwa kuwirirano nemigariro yomunzvimbomo, kuchichengeta zvose zviri zviviri wirirano nechinjika.
  • [[NHAU] .Cris Utarisiri: Njodzi, zvirwere, uye vhiringidziko dzemari zvinoda batira pamwe inokurumidza; zviteshi zvakasanogadzwa zvehurumende zvinokurumidzisa kuita chisarudzo.
  • Kubhadharwa nokuoneka: Basa rakajeka uye kurukurirano yenguva dzose zvinobetsera vagari vemo kunzwisisa kuti mweroi wehurumende unoparira, kusimudzira chivimbo.

Zvinzvimbo zveHurumende Nemabasa Ayo

Nepo chimiro chaichoicho chichisiyana nenyika, gadziriro zhinjisa dzehurumende dzinoratidzira mwero mikuru mitatu yehurumende, imwe neimwe ine mabasa akasiyana asi anowirirana.

Hurumende Yenyika

Hurumende yehurumende inobata nhau dzeitiro hanya yorudzi: dziviriro, muitiro wokumwe, muitiro wemari, kutengeserana kwenyika, uye maruramiro avagari vemo. Inogoverawo mari yakawanda kunyika nenzvimbo kupfurikidza nezvipo, zvikwereti, uye kugoverana mari. Munyika dzakawanda, hurumende inogadza nharidzano dzemiitiro nemipimo yakachena yemhepo (zvikurukuru, mirau yedzidzo) ichisiya kuzadzika udzame kumwero yakaderera.

Hurumende (Hurumende)

Nyika namaruwa zvinobatira sezvikamu zvikuru zvemiitiro yedzimba mugadziriro dzakawanda dzehurumende. Izvo zvinotarisira zvakashata dzidzo yavose, mibatanidzwa yezvokufambisa (migwagwa mikuru yokuchamhembe), utano hwavanhu, kuchengetwa kwomutemo (mapurisa eruwa), mirau yemhoteredzo, uye mabasa enzanga. Mitemo inewo chiremera chikuru chokubhadharisa nokushandisa. Iyo mibatanidzwa mikuru pakati pehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende neyomunzvimbomo, kazhinji kazhinji inopfuura kupfurikidza nemari yehurumende yehurumende uye kugadza gadziriro yapamutemo yezvirongwa zvehurumende.

Hurumende Yomunzvimbomo

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo_(matunhu, maruwa, mataundi, uye maruwa chaiwo) zviri pedyosa navagari vemo uye zvinopa mabasa akawanda enyika ezuva riri rose: dziviriro yamapurisa nemwoto, utsanana, mvura netsvina, mapaka, maraibhurari, uye kuronga nzvimbo. Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinowana masimba adzo kubva kubumbiro remitemo rehurumende kana kuti mitemo (kutonga kwaDillon. definition) uko kunopesvedzera mano avo okupinda muzvibvumirano zvehurumende.

Mienzaniso Yakakomba Youkama Hwehurumende

Nyanzvi navanachiremba vanotaura mifananidzo yakasiyana - siyana inorondedzerwa inotsanangura kuti mwero yakasiyana - siyana yehurumende inoshanda sei.

Dual Federalism (Layer-Cake)

Mumuenzaniso uyu, mwero mumwe nomumwe wehurumende une masimba akazara, anorondedzerwa zvakajeka ane rondedzero duku duku. Yakanga ichidzora muzana ramakore rechi19. Dare repamusorosoro reU.S. rakasimbisa urongwa hwehurumende huviri mumhaka dzakafanana ne United States v. Lopez[ (1995], iyo yakaganhurirwa simba rehurumende pasi peChambery Claus. Nepo ichiri inopesvedzera muhurukuro yebumbiro remitemo, unani huviri hwehurumende husingawanzowaniki nhasi.

Kubatana Mubatanidzwa (Marble-Cake)

Uyu muenzaniso unosimbisa kubatira pamwe uye kugoverana mutoro. Mipiro yeFederal, mapurogiramu ebatanidzwa, uye masangano ehurumende zvizivikanwa. Somuenzaniso, purogiramu yeMedicaid [ inotsigirwa pamwe chete nehurumende yehurumende, netarisiro yehurumende nehurumende. Cooperative unistism inokurudzira kutangwa kwemitemo kupfurikidza nezviteshi zvenyika apo inochengeta mipimo yenyika.

Kushanda Munzvimbo Yakatarisana Nevanhu

Fiscalism inonangidzira ngwariro paukama hwemari pakati pehurumende(* kutera chiremera chehurumende, kutamisira, uye mari. Mifungo mikuru inobatanidza kusadzikama kwemipimo pakati pematunhu (kana mwero mumwe unowedzera mari yakawanda kupfuura yaunoda. [FLT:]]] kuderera kwemitengo yemari [[[FLT]]]] misha iri pakati pematunhu). Mipiro, mipiro, mipiro, uye kugoverana mari zvinoshandiswa kukurukura izvi zvisakafanira. [[FTSFL:4] Office bhajeni remari yemari [FLT] [FLT]] nguva dzose]

Chibvumirano Chitsva Nemhindumupindu

Kubvira muma 1980, hurumende dzehurumende dzakawanda dzehurumende dzakachinja mitoro kuva mwero yakaderera, dzichideredza udzori hwehurumende nehurumende inokurudzira nokutangwa kwomunzvimbomo. Iyi nzira inowanzobatanidza mari inodzorwa nezviripo (sezvinei, chinguvana Velapotion for Needy Families) uye kuchinjika kwakawedzerwa. Nepo kubviswa kwechinjo kuchigona kuvandudza kuva nebudiriro nokugamuchira, kunokuvadzawo kuderera kwekusaenzana kana nyika dzakapfuma dzichigona kugovera mabasa ari nani kupfuura ayo ane urombo.

Betsero Huru Dzoukama Hwakasimba Hwehurumende

Apo ukama hwehurumende hunoshanda zvakanaka, mibayiro yacho ihuru.

Kutakura Basa Kwakavandudzwa

Kushanda kwehurumende kunobvumira hurumende kugoverana miitiro yakanakisisa ndokudzivisa kudzosazve vhiri. Somuenzaniso, nyika dzakawanda namaguta zvakashandisa zvibvumirano zvakafanana zvokupindura zvinopararira (nzvimbo dzokunzvera, kiriniki dzenhomba) zvakavakirwa panhungamiro yehurumende nedzidzo yezera, zvichitungamirira kukukurumidza kupera. Zvibvumirano zvokutenga zvakabatana zvinogona kuderedza ndyiko dzemidziyo nemigove.

Kuvandudza Muitiro

Masangano ehurumende anowanzotanga zvigadzikiso zvokugadzira zvinhu. Grouption IPS commotions State IP (SIP) inobvumira nyika kuronga zvirongwa zvadzo dzimene kuti dzisvike mipimo yemhepo yakanaka, kusimudzira mitsva mukudzora kwemhepo. Nenzira yakafanana, Mudzidzi ari wose Wechidzidzo Chokubudirira (ESA)[FLT] akabvumira kuti pave nezvirongwa zvokuzvidavirira, kuchikuchidziridza kukura kwemipimo yevadzidzi nezvinogoverwa zvechikoro.

Kutora Rutivi Rwehurumende Kwakawedzerwa

Mitengo mizhinji yehurumende inoumba nzvimbo dzakawanda dzokupinda nokuda kwokuvimbisana kwevagari vemo. Masangano enzvimbo dzokuronga, kutongwa kwemitemo, uye nhambo dzetsinhiro dzehurumende zvinobvumira manzwi akasiyana - siyana kupesvedzera muitiro. Intergovernment forums . yakadai seNational Gavanars Association kana kuti Conference of Mayors .S._adzikamisa mirangariro yomunzvimbomo pamwero wenyika.

Kutsungirira Mumatambudziko

Ukama hwehurumende hunoshanda zvikurusa munguva dzekurumidziro. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) inoshanda zvikuru namasangano anotarisira mamiriro enguva yakashata ehurumende uye vapinduri vokutanga vomunzvimbomo kupfurikidza negadziriro yemirairo yakabatana. Ukama hwepamberi pezvibvumirano zveyamuro (umr., Emergency Management Application Confict) inogonesa kufambidzana nokukurumidza mumitsetse yehurumende.

Zvinetso Nemhinganidzo

Kunzwisisa matambudziko aya kunokosha pakuvandudza kushanda kwenhengo dzemhuri, pasinei nokubatsirana kwehurumende.

Mikaha Yokukurukurirana Namashoko

Mitanharo yakasiana- siyana yehurumende inowanzoshandisa mashoko akasiyana- siyana, mibatanidzwa yemashoko, uye zvinyorwa zvemishumo. Dhipatimendi rezvoutano romunzvimbomo ringasagona kuwana nguva chaiyo kumapepa emurwere, kuchitungamirira kukunonotsa. Kukurukurirana kwenguva dzose kwemasangano ebasa akabatana uye migove yemashoko yebetsero yemadai, asi kunoda kuisa mari nokuvimba.

Kupesana Netsika Nezvinhu Zvokutanga

Mwero mumwe nomumwe wehurumende ine simba rayo imene rezvamatongerwe enyika nezvinopesvedzera zvamavhota. Hurumende ingaisa kukura kwemari panzvimbo yedziviriro yemhoteredzo, ichibonderana nemirairo yehurumende. MuUnited States, rwisano pamusoro pokugarazve simba, kunyoreswa kwapamutemo kwembanje, uye kuchengetwa kwokutama kunoratidzira kuti kuderera kwemitemo kunoparira sei rwisano. Federal destruction inogona kukurira mitemo yehurumende, asi kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji inotungamirira kuhondo dzapamutemo.

Mazano Okushandisa Mari

Hurumende dzehurumende dzinofumura kusaenzana. Dzimwe hurumende dzomunzvimbomo hadzina nzvimbo yemitero yokuwanira mari mabasa anorairwa, nepo dzimwe dzichibudirira. Mirayiro isati yadzorwa.

Kuchinja Zvematongerwe Enyika

Munguva yemapoka anopesana, ukama hwehurumende hunogona kuva hwezvokudzorwa. Gavhuna nameya vemapoka akasiyana - siyana vangashora pachena mitemo yehurumende, kuderedza kubatira pamwe. Murakatira weCOVID wakaona kusabvumirana kukuru pamusoro pemirayiro yokuvhara, kuvhara, uye zvinodikanwa zvenhomba, zvichideredza kuita kwakabatana kworudzi.

Kuoma Kwemitemo uye Kwekutungamirira

Mitemo, mirau, uye dare zvinotonga batano dzehurumende zvakaoma. Somuenzaniso, Commerce Clause, Tenteth Amendment [, uye dzidziso dzokusunungura dzinoita chimbambaira chepamutemo. Masangano ehurumende anofanira kufambisa miganhu inodzo inodzo inodzorekanwa, kazhinji kazhinji kacho inoda zvibvumirano zvehurumende (IGAS) zvinoda nguva-yatirongedzei.

Fundo Dzenhau Muukama Hwehurumende

Kuongorora mienzaniso chaiyo yenyika kunoratidza kuti nheyo idzi dzinoshanda sei mukushandisa (8) uye kuti dzinokundikana sei.

FEMA Nemhinduro Yengwavaira

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) zvichida muenzaniso wakatanhamara zvikurusa webatira pamwe yehurumende. Apo ngwavaira huru inoitika "yakadai seHurricane Katrina (2005) kana kuti Hurricane Harvey (2017).FEMA inobatira pamwe nehofisi dzehurumende dzezvokutarisirwa kwemamiriro ezvinhu ekurumidziro, vapinduri vomunzvimbomo, uye masangano okuzvidira. [[FLT:] Stafford Act[FLD] Act [F:1] Act inodzora muitiro: gavhuna anokumbira chiziviso chapurezidhendi, pashure pokupa betsero yemari, vashandi, uye zvishandiso. Post-Katrina chinjo dzinosimbisa kurukurirano dzezvishandiso zviri nani. 2017 mwaka wemaduturo

Miitiro Yezveutano

Medicaid, inotsigirwa nehurumende yehurumende nehurumende, ipurogiramu yehurumende. Hurumende inogadza mipimo inowirirana uye inowirirana nehurumende pamitengo inovambira pa 50% kusvikira ku 83% (yakavakirwa pamari inotambirwa pamunhu). Nyika dzine chichinjiso chakati mukugadzira betsero nokutarisira purogiramu. Affordcable Care Act [ACA] inopfuudzwazve kuti Mdicaid ishande nokuda kwemitengo yokuedza miedzo itsva, zvakadai sezvinodikanwa zvebasa kana kuti kutarisira. Kubatanidzwa uku kwakagonesa mamirioni 80 okuAmerica, asi kukamukana kwehurumende kunoparirawo kukurukurirana kupfuurira pamusoro pemitengo nemigariro.

Kufamba Nepasi Pomubatanidzwa Wezvikepe uye Kudzidzisa

Nyika ine zvigadzirwa zvebatira pamwe yehurumende yeUnited States yeIndal Super Super System ne [[FT:2] Events] System Highing System [ zvigadzirwa zvebatira pamwe yehurumende. Hurumende inogovera mari (kunange zvikurukuru kuHighway Trust Fund), inogadza zvirongwa zvehurumende. Madhipati ehurumende ezvokufambisa (Zvhozhizha) anotarisira nokuvakwa, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji nemasangano omunharaunda emabasa chaiwo. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, Kuisa muKuchengetedzwa nokushanda kwePronze kwePUPU. (20) [FLD] Act:5] Act. Act(2] $4] yemigwagwa, mabhilitiki, uye mamwe mabasa, anobatanidza mutengo wemiteshingiriro dzose.

Dzidzo: Mipimo Yetsika, Kushandiswa Kwehurumende

Dzidzo muU.S. zvikurukuru mutoro wehurumende nowomunzvimbomo, asi hurumende inopesvedzera muitiro kupfurikidza nokutsigira mari yakawiriraniswa nemigariro. Elementary neSecondary Esary Act (ESEA), gare gare yakatenderwazve se [[FLT:]%] Child Lend Behind Act (2001][2001]] uye ipapo Mudzidzi ari wose Aphume zvakanaka Act (], inoda kutaura kuti aedze vadzidzi uye anyore mashoko. ESA akapa kudzokera kudzo dzourongwa. Somuenzaniso, kufanana neTesseessee anogamuchira nzira dzakasiana dzokuyera nadzo chikoro, kukwira kwepaboardFFFFF.

Zvirongwa Zvokusimbisa Ukama Hwehurumende

Vachifunga nezvezvinetso zvacho, matanho api anogona kuvandudza kushandira pamwe uye kuderedza kukwikwidzana?

Gadzirisa Nzira Dzokukurukurirana Dzenguva Dzose

Mibatanidzwa yakarongwa neyamasanga pakati pavakuru vakuru pamwero yose inovaka kuvimbana nokuyerera kwamashoko. Mienzaniso inobatanidza National Association of Countalies (NACO), iyo inogamuchira misangano yegore negore negadziriro dzemiitiro, uye Council of State Public Control [, inoita kuti misangano yenguva dzose ive yemacompaneti. (um., dare rehurumende rinogadza pamutemo) igovera mvumo.

Shandisa Zvibvumirano Zvehurumende (IGAS)

IGAS zvibvumirano zvechirongwa zvinorondedzera mabasa, mitoro, uye mari nokuda kwemabasa akabatana. Zvinosiyana kubva pamibatanidzwa inoyamurana kusvikira kumabudiro akaoma enharaunda nokuda kwokufambisa kana kuti kudzorwa kwemvura. Emergancy Management Agamente Compactive (EMAC)[FL:1] imuenzaniso: inobvumira nyika kukumbira zvinhu zvinobva kune dzimwe nyika mukati menjodzi dzinodzivirira uye kubhadhara mari. IGAS inobetsera kujekesa njodzi uye kudzivisa kusanzwisisana.

Kushandisa Mari Mukubatana Kwemashoko Neruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu

Gadziriro dzemikoto yakarongwa inoita kuti hurumende dzigone kuronda miuyo, kuziva mikaha, uye mabasa anotsinhirana. Somuenzaniso, U.S. Dhipatimendi reU. reU.S. reU. Dhipatimendi reUtano neMari Yevanhu rinotsigira hurumende nemisiano yomunzvimbomo youtano kugoverana mashoko outano anoshivirira kupfuudza miganhu. Blockchain nenzvimbo dzakavakirwa kumapfupi zvinogona kuvandudza kujeka mukugona kudzora. Zvisinei, funganyo negadziriro dzenhaka dzinoramba dziripo.

Kurovedza Majoini Nebasa Rokuvaka

Cross-level training programs help officials understand each other's constraints and procedures. FEMA’s National Incident Management System (NIMS) requires standardized training for all emergency responders, regardless of jurisdiction. Similarly, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) offers workshops to help states implement federal regulations. Investment in local government capacity, especially in rural areas, reduces dependency and improves readiness.

Kusimudzira Kuronga Kunobatsira

Kubatanidza mwero yose pakuvamba mudanho remiitiro kunodzivisa rwisano kudzika rwizi. Bhokisi rokuronga nokuronga , rinoshandiswa mumasangano okuronga (MPOS), kunoda hurumende, nyika, uye vamiriri vomunzvimbomo kutanga zvirongwa zvakabatanidza. Mitemo yeColtudiation inoumba kuva muridzi nezvinotangira mberi.

Kuchinja Ukama Hwevanhu

Kugadzirisa kusadzikama kwakananga nokunoyera kunogona kuderedza dzvinyiriro yemari. Kuchinja kunobvira kunobatanidza kupa nzira dzokupa nadzo nzira dzokuparira kukwira kwemitengo nechinjo dzavagari vemo, kuderedza murairo usina kunyorwa, uye kugovera kuchinjika kukuru kupfurikidza nezvipo zvinodzivisa. Vamwe vatsigiri vanodana nokuda kwechienzaniso [[[FLT:] chetsika yakafanana neyaCanada, umo maruwa akapfuma anoendesa mari kuvarombo kuti vave nechokwadi chemibato yavose.

Nguva Yemberi Youkama Hwehurumende

Miitiro inoverengeka iri kubuda ichaumba mashandisiro anoita hurumende mumakumi amakore ari kuuya.

Hurumende Yemagetsi Neyavanoshanda Nayo

Nhungamiro dzehurumende dziri kuita kuti zvive nyore kuti masangano agoverane mashoko uye ape mabasa asina musoori. Nheyo dzemitemo dzinobvumira vagari vemo kupa mashoko kamwe chete, uye hurumende dzinoagoverana sezvinodikanwa (muchib., nokuda kwemitero kana kuti kugadziridzwa kwerezenisi romuchairi). Zvisinei, njodzi dzemakombiyuta nemiraudzo yezvakavanzika zvinoda kubatana kwehurumende nokungwarira.

Kuchinja Kwemamiriro Okunze Nehurumende Yezvakatipoteredza

Kuchinja mamiriro okunze nokudzikamiswa kwemitengo yose. Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinoshandisa mipimo yokuvaka neyokuvaka; hurumende dzinogadza mipimo inomutsidzirwa; masangano ehurumende anodzora kubudiswa nokushandiswa kwesimba. Zvivako zvitsva zvehurumende (zvakadai se U.S. thermomean yehurumende dzakazvipira kuzvinangwa zveParis Regastivenes [*] inosimbisa kuti vatambi vemo dzinogona sei kutungamirira apo chiito chorudzi chinokundikana.

Batira Pamwe Yoruwa neMetropolitan

Zvinetso zvakawanda(hwusingadzorwi, dzimba, kunaka kwemhepo) hahuremekedzi miganhu yezvamatongerwe enyika. Masangano eMetropolitan okuronga, madare enharaunda ehurumende, uye zvibvumirano zvenzvimbo yazvo zviri kukura muukoshi. Regional Greenhouse Gas Initivection [RGI] pakati penyika dzokuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva [FLT] inoratidza kuti hurumende dzakawanda dzinogona sei kubatira pamwe papurogiramu yemhoteredzo yakavakirwa pamusika.

Ukama Hwenyika Yose Hwehurumende

Masangano enyika dzakawanda, akadai se ECD ne World Bank [, anowedzera kufunda nokusimudzira chinjo dzemitengo mizhinji. [[FLT:]OECD] basa rekudzora kwakawanda rinogovera zvivako zvenyika kuti dzione gadziriro dzadzo dzemo. Muchinjikwa-matunhu eCanada (muchikamu chedzidzo chamarudzi akawanda) somuenzaniso, kuti masangano ezvikamu zvekugarika nokuna .

mhedziso

Ukama hwehurumende ndihwo hunobatanidza urongwa hwehurumende hunobatanidza. Kubva pakuchinja kwenhau kubva kumativi maviri ehurumende kuenda kubatira pamwe kuenda kuzvinetso zvazvino uno zvekudzora kwemichina nemamiriro okunze, mano emwero yakasiyana yehurumende yokukurukurirana, kugoverana zviwanikwa, uye kuronga mitemo zvinokosha zvinokosha kuti pave nokutarisirwa kwevanhu kunobudirira. Nepo zvinetso zvakadai sokuparadzaniswa kwezvamatongerwe enyika, kupesana kwezvipo, uye kusawirirana kwemitemo zvichipfuurira, zvirongwa zvinobvumikiswa, kurovedzana kwemifungo yemibatanidzwa yenhau, uye kuronga kubatirana kwemibatanidzwa yemitengo, (jereko ) nzira dzokufambisa zvinhu kuti dzisimbe, dzinodzorwa kusimba zvikuru, dzinotarisana nezvinetso zvinooma nokupfuudzana, kuiswa mumibato yeukama hwehurumende yehurumende yehurumende kuchava chimwe chemabasa anokosha zvikurusa nokuda kwomuiti wemiteo yose.