Table of Contents
Basa Risingaperi Rechipfuro chaPurezidhendi Mudzidzo yeAmerica
Chipikirwa chapurezidhendi chebasa chinomira sechimwe chezviratidzo zvine simba zvikurusa mukutonga kwemitemo yeAmerica. Chinoratidzira kuchinjwa kune rugare kwesimba rehurumende, chinobatanidza mutungamiriri anouya kumutemo mukurusa wenyika, uye chinosimbisa pachena chibvumirano chomutarisiri chokubatira rudzi panzvimbo pefariro dzomunhu oga kana kuti dzechikamu. Kurangarira donzo rarwo redemocracy, mhiko yazova chinhu chedzidzo yehurumende muUnited States yose. Vadzidzisi vanoishandisa kwete sechinhu chenhau chete asi sorugwaro rupenyu runobatanidza vadzidzi nenheyo huru dzeRiphabliki. Kupfurikidza nokufunda mashoko echibvumirano chayo chakarurama, mavambo emitemo, uye urefurori, vadzidzi vanowana nzwisiso yakajeka yemipimo setsika yomutemo, masimba anoparadzanisa, masimba anonzvera.
Kubatanidza mhiko mugadziriro dzedzidzo kunobetsera kukurukura denho inopfuurira mudzidzo yeAmerica: kuita kuti nheyo dzebumbiro remitemo dzive dzinooneka. Vadzidzi vanowanzoparapatika kunzwisisa magadzirirwo echeki nedzikamo dzemitemo kana kuti mipimo youzivi hwehurumende. Chipikiso, zvisinei, chinogovera, chinhu chimwe, chisingakanganwiki, uye kutaura kunoshanda kunoisa ganhuriro dzapurezidhendi dzemitemo. Apo vadzidzi vanorava, vanonzvera, uye kunyange kutaura mhiko yacho, havasi kungobata mashoko. Uku kuisa mukatikati mubatanidzwa pakati pechiremera neBumbiro remitemo. Uku kutsinhirana miitiro yakanakisisa mukudzidza, uko kusimbisa kufunda kwokushanda, kunzvera kwamashoko chaiwo. Chipikiso chinova chinhu chikuru pamusoro pokubvunza pamusoro pesimba, miganhuro yesimba, uye mitoro yesimba.
Mavambo Enhau Nemitemo yeOath
Chikamu II, Chikamu 1, Claus 8 cheUnited States Constitution chinoraira mashoko chaiwo emhiko youpurezidhendi: I ndinopika zvakakomba (kana kuti simbisa) kuti ndichaita nokutendeka Hofisi yaPuresi weUnited States, uye kuchasvika pakanakisisa yesimba rangu, kuchengetera, kudzivirira nokudzivirira Bumbiro reMitemo reUnited States. Mutauro uyu unova mukuru nokuda kwezvinobatanidza uye icho unorega. Chipikiso hachisati chichidudza ruvimbiko kubato rwezvamatongerwe enyika, miganhuro yakananga, kana kuti kunyange rudzi pacharwo mumashoko asina kujeka. Panzvimbo pezvo, unonangidzira nokutendeka kupfurikidza nokutsigira kutendeka kwehofisi yesangano.
Munhau, mhiko yave ichipiwa neMutongi Mukuru weDare Rapamusorosoro, kunyange zvazvo Bumbiro reMitemo risingapi murairo uyu. George Washington akavamba gamuchidzanwa rokuwedzera mashoko [[FLT: 0]]] naizvozvo ndibetserei Mwari" pashure pemhiko, kunyange zvazvo nyanzvi dzakakurukura kana akaita kudaro chaizvoizvo pakugadzwa kwake kwokutanga. Pasinei zvapo, muitiro wacho wakava wetsika uye wakateverwa napurezidhendi vazhinjisa vanotevera. Uhwu udzame hwoga hunogona kutanga nharo dzekirasi pamusoro pokuparadzaniswa kwechechi nehurumende, basa rorudzidziso muupenyu hwapachena, uye kuti magamuchidzanwa anochinja sei pamwe chete nezvinodikanwa zvepamutemo. [FLT.F.2] Mitengo yemitemo yehurumende yenyika yeruwa inogovera mitengo yezviwanikwa zvepanyika yepanyika dzepanyika [FLD [FLD]] yakaisvonaka nokuda kweidzi dzinotungamirira kukurukura nhau dzenhau dzenhau dzenhau dzenhau, kubatanidza kukurukura nokunyora kwadzo dzenhau dzenhau.
Mhiko inewo ukoshi hwapamutemo hunokosha. Purezidhendi anoputsa mhiko kupfurikidza nokukundikana kuita mitemo nokutendeka kana kuti kupfurikidza nokusekesa Bumbiro reMitemo angatarisana nekanganiso. Uku kubatana pakati pemhiko negadziriro dzokuzvidavirira ndiimwe pfundo rokudzidzisa rakakomba. Vadzidzi vanogona kunzvera kuti mhiko inoshanda sei kwete somuitiro wetsika chete asi somusengwa unosungirwa pamutemo unotakura miuyo. Iyi nzwisiso inosimbisa mutemo uye inobetsera vadzidzi kurangarira Bumbiro remitemo segadziriro mhenyu inodzivisa simba panzvimbo pechinyorwa chakakwana chefariro yenhau. [[FLT: 0] Hurumende yeNational Archives ofs yeMission inopa mashoko anobetsera nokuda kwavadzidzi ava vanodzidza vapamutemo.
Kusvika Kwamaruwa Kukudzidzisa Munda
Chipikirwa chapurezidhendi chinopa nzira dzakasiyana - siyana dzokudzidza dzinoita kuti vadzidzi vazive zvakasiyana - siyana.
Kunzvera Magwaro Nokurava Kwako
Imwe nzira inobatanidza kubata mhiko samanyuko makuru okunzvera kwokusano. Vadzidzi vanogona kunzvera zvisarudzo chaizvo zvamashoko, zvakadai se " shandisa nenzira yokutendeka" mukurwisana na"wnake "nopara" kana kuti "Kuita. Vanogona kurangarira chikonzero nei vagadziri vamafire vakasarudza , dzivirira nokudzivirira" sechiito chedimbu chetatu chenzira panzvimbo pechimiro chakareruka. Uku kunzvera kunovaka unyanzvi hwokurava apo kunenge kuchikudza kunzwisisa kwapanguva imwe neimwe. Vadzidzi vanogona kuumba mhiko namanyuko makuru, akadai sechidiviti. Nhakan'kan'kai kana kuti George'wna Washington, kuratidza sei simba rokufambisa.
Kurovedza Muviri Nokurovedza Muviri
Zvichida mitoo inobatikana zvikurusa nokuda kwavadzidzi ndeyokusimbisa chiitiko chokutora mhiko imene. Zvikoro mumativi ose enyika zvinoitisa kuvamba kwokunyepedzera uko vadzidzi vanoita mabasa apurezidhendi, ruramisiro huru, uye vamwe vakuru vakuru. Iyi rondedzero dzinobvumira vadzidzi kuwana kusimbiswa kwenhambo yacho uye kunzwisisa kuchengeteka kwesimba rine rugare. Nhau huru dzinogovera mashoko okukurukura kuti mhiko inorevai mukushanda. Pashure pokudzokorora mhiko yacho, vadzidzi vanogona kukurukura zviitiko zvokufungidzira: Chii kana mutemo uchirwisana neBumbiro remitemo? Purezidhendi anofanira kudzikamisa sei migariro yenyika nerusununguko rwavagari vemo? Idzi kurukurirano dzinoshandura mhiko dzinobva muchirimo nokuda kwokurangarira kwetsika nebumbiro remitemo. [FPUP] [FF] [0]
Kuongorora Zvakaitika Zvakafanana Nezvakaitika Kare
Imwe nzira ine simba yokuita nayo basa rimwe nerimwe inzvero. Vadzidzi vanogona kuenzanisa mhiko yapurezidhendi nedzimwe mhiko dzehofisi, dzakadai semhiko yakaitwa nemitezo yeCongress, ruramisiro yeDare rapamusoro, kana kuti vakuru vakuru vehondo. Uku kuenzanisa kunosimbisa mitoro inosiana yebazu rimwe nerimwe nemitoo yokuzvidavirira yakasiana yakabatanidzwa kubasa rimwe nerimwe. Somuenzaniso, mhiko yehondo [[FLT: 0]" kutsigira nokudzivirira Dare reMitemo" [[[[FL: 1] inowirirana nemhikotsiro yapurezidhendi asi inosimbisa kukwirira kusimba renyika isiri yapamutemo. Vadzidzi vanogona kukurukura icho iyi misiyano pamusoro pegadziriro yamasimba akaparadzanwa. Kunzvera kwenhau kunogona kunzverawo nzira iyo purezidhendi vakadudzira nayo mhiko munhambo yakasiana nenhambo. Hunguro dzenhau dzinopfuutsa .[3]
Kuchinja Kwemvura Nekufambirana Negadziriro Yokuronga
Kubatanidzwa kunoshanda kwemhiko yapurezidhendi kunoda kuchinjika kwokufunga kumwero yokukura kwavadzidzi. Vadzidzi vechikoro cheProtagia vanogona kudzidza mhiko sorugwaro rwakavakirwa rwakafanana neFinicha yeAllegiance, kunangidzira ngwariro pamashoko makuru se " Constution" uye nzvimbo yebasa. Vadzidzisi vanogona kushandisa mabhuku emifananidzo pamusoro petsaudzo yapurezidhendi nemibato yakapfava yokusuma mufungo woutungamiriri. Pari zvino, nharidzano ndeyokuvaka kurovedza nokubatanidza uye masangano akanaka nenzanga panzvimbo pokunzvera mitemo yemitemo.
Vadzidzi vechikoro chapakati vakagadzirira kuvimbisana kwedzimwe nguva. Vanogona kuenzanisa kuvamba kwekero dzamapurezidhendi John F. Kennedy. Zvirongwa izvi zvinotanga unyanzvi hwokunzvera apo mutungamiriri mumwe nomumwe anosimbisa kukosha kwemhiko. Vadzidzisi vanogonawo kuongorora zviitiko zvishoma zvenhau apo mhiko dzakaedzwa, zvakadai sokusarudza kwokukakavadzana kwa1876 kana kuti kupiwa simba pashure pokuuraya kwaPurezidhendi. Zvirongwa izvi zvinotanga unyanzvi hwokunzvera apo zvinosimbisa kukosha kwenyika chaiyo. Vadzidzi vanogona kuisa mhiko mumibatanidzwa yeBumbiro remitemo, bazi repamusoro, kana kuti basa rokusarudza, vachivimbisa kuti vadzidzi vasangana rugwaro nguva dzakawanda mumashoko akasiyana - .
Vadzidzi vechikoro chapamusoro vanogona kupinda mumhiko pamwero wakaoma, kunzvera mwero wayo wapamutemo, wetsika, uye wouzivi. Kosi dzehurumende dzakafambira mberi dzinogona kunzvera nhau dzedare idzo dzinonongedzera mhiko, dzakadai se United States v. Nixon [19974] kana kuti Trump v. United States [[FLT:] $2024]). Idzi nhau dzinoratidza kuti mhiko dzinobatanidzwa nenhau dzeropafadzo yapamusoro, kuzvidavirira, uye ganhuriro yesimba rapurezidhendi. Vadzidzi vanogonawo kunzvera kurukurirano pamusoro pokuti kana mhiko yacho inodzika mufambiro wapamhiko, zvikurukuru munhambo yezviito zvikuru nezviito zvehurumende. Mitezo inoshoo yokuseka, uye nzira pfupi yokunzvera, pakurangarira uku kurangarira kurangarira kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa kwavo.
Kuongorora Kuwana Mugumisiro Nemakambani Ebasa
Kuyera kushanda kwomurayiridzo une chokuita nemhiko yapurezidhendi kunoda zvinopfuura kubvunza mashoko emhiko. Kunzvera kune revo kunoratidza kuti vadzidzi vanogona sei kushandisa nheyo dzemhiko mumamiriro ezvinhu matsva. Kunzvera kunotsigirwa nounyanzvi kwakadai semienzaniso yebumbiro remitemo, nharo pamusoro pamasimba apurezidhendi, kana kuti rondedzero dzenhau pamusoro pokuzvidavirira kwedare dzinopa ufakazi hwakakwirira hwokudzidza. Somuenzaniso, mudzidzisi angakumbira vadzidzi kunyora murangariro mupfupi kana chiito chapurezidhendi chisingafungiki chichiputsa kupika kwacho, kududza gadziriro dzakananga dzebumbiro remitemo nemienzaniso yenhau. Rudzi rwokunzvera harungoyeudzi bedzi kurangarira, kurangarira, uye kushandisa kurangarira kwakakwirira uko kunoitwa nemitemo yekoreji.
Kupfuura nzvero imwe neimwe, zvikoro zvinogona kuyera mapurogiramu edzidzo yazvo yehurumende kupfurikidza nokuronda zviratidzo zvakadai sezivo yavadzidzi yemiitiro yebumbiro remitemo, kudisa kwavo kupinda muhurukuro yavagari vemo, uye pfungwa yavo yokushanda kwehurumende. Nzvero namapoka zvinonangidzira zvinogona kuzivisa kana vadzidzi vachinzwa vakagadzirira kutora rutivi muupenyu hwedemokrati, kubatanidza basa redare redare, uye kuvimbisana kwenzanga. Kubatana pakati pemhiko yapurezidhendi neiyi migumisiro mizhinji hakuna kunanganira asi kune revo: vadzidzi vanonzwisisa renjisoko vanowanzova vanotora zvakakomba mitoro yavo vamene yehurumende. Dare redzidzo yehurumende rakatsinharo pakati pedzidzo yakakwirira yehurumende uye kutora rutivi rwapashure, vanosimbisa ukoshidzo yemagwaro ehwaro yenheyo dzakasimbiswa.
Zvinetso uye Kufunga Pakudzidzisa Muhara
Pasinei zvapo noukoshi hwayo, kudzidzisa mhiko yapurezidhendi kunopa denho dzinoverengeka idzo vadzidzisi vanofanira kungwarira. Nhau inokosha ndibviro yokubatana kwezvamatongerwe enyika mukirasi. Kukurukurirana pamusoro pesimba rapurezidhendi, mirairo yavakuru vakuru, uye ganhuriro dzechiremera kunogona kuva kukurumidza kuva kupesana, zvikurukuru mumhoteredzo inosarudzwa zvikuru. Vadzidzisi vanofanira kuchengeta chimiro chokusatora rutivi nepo vachiri kubvumira vadzidzi kunzvera mifungo yakasiana - siana pamusoro penzira iyo mhiko inofanira kutsanangurwa nayo. Kukura kwenyanzvi pamusoro pekurukurirano dzakaoma uye kuparira tsika dzekirasi dzoruremekedzo kunokosha nokuda kweiyi denho.
Chimwe chinetso ndechokusiyana kukuru mutsika dzehurumende nokuda kwedzidzo yehurumende. Nepo dzimwe nyika dzichida zvikoro zvehurumende zvinobatanidza zvikamu zvemitemo, dzimwe dzine zvinodikanwa zviduku, zvichisiya chisarudzo kumaruwa mamwe namamwe kana kuti vadzidzi. Uku kuchinja kunoreva kuti vadzidzi vakawanda vangasatongosangana nemhiko youpurezidhendi munzira ine revo mukati medzidzo yavo yeK-12. Kutsigira mipimo yenyika yakasimba zvikuru netsigiro yehurumende yedzidzo yehurumende, zvakadai sechikarakadzo CCOUVCS COUVS COURC Act, vavariro dzokutaura nezveiyi mifungo isina kururama. Vafundisi vanogonawo kuwedzerawo zvitsauko zvavo nezvipfumikoro zvavo zvinobva kumasangano akafanana neNational Constitution Center, Bill of Institute, uye Center of Cuccuption, izvo zvose zvinopa dzidzo yapachena, yakakwirira.
Kumwe kurangarira kudikanwa kwokuita mhiko yakafanira kuvadzidzi vanganzwa vanyadziswa kana kuti vasina chokwadi pamusoro pamasangano eAmerica. Kuvadzidzi vanobva munzanga dzakaganhurirwa, mukaha uri pakati pemifungo yebumbiro remitemo neidi renhau unogona kuva pachena nenzira inorwadza. Panzvimbo pokufuratira uku kunyanduka, vadzidzisi vanobudirira vanotaura nezvakwo zvakananga, vachishandisa mhiko sepfundo rokutanga rekurukurirano pamusoro perwisano inopfuurira yeruramisiro uye basa revagari vemo mukuita kuti vatungamiriri vazvidavirire.
Ruzivo Nezvinhu Zvinoshandiswa Pakudzidzisa Maraiti
Maturusi emagetsi nenzvimbo dzepaIndaneti zvakakudziridza mikana yokudzidzisa mhiko yapurezidhendi mukubatanidza uye kukurukura. Mavhidhiyo okutsaurirwa kwapurezidhendi anobvumira vadzidzi kupupurira mhiko iri kuitwa napurezidhendi vakasiyana - siyana munhoroondo yeAmerica, vachipa pfungwa yezvokupfuurira kwemhemberero nokuchinja. Vadzidzi vanogona kuenzanisa John F. Kennedy chivimbo chouduku naJoe Biden, kana kuti kucherechedza musiyano uri pakati pechipikiriro chenhando chaGeorge Washington netsauriro yazvino uno yazvino uno nokufora kwayo, bhora, uye chiono chenhau. izvi zvinonyandura kurukurirano dzakapfuma pamusoro penzira rwamateveripo apo rugwaro rwemitemo rwakaramba ruripo.
Miparo ine chokuita nenguva nemidziyo yemitemo inoita kuti vadzidzi vakwanise kunzvera mhiko mukati menhauro yayo yakakura. Platform se Google Codemory uye ne[FLT] ne[[FLT]] nearect anodzidzisa vadzidzisi kubvunza mibvunzo yezviso, kuvhura, uye kukurukurirana kunosunda zvakananga muvhidhiyo kana kuti zvinhu zvokunyora, kuita kuti kudzidza kuve neruzivo rwechikamu chikuru. Somuenzaniso, mudzidzisi angagadzira chidzidzo chemifungo umo vadzidzi vanotarira chitsaruso uye ipapo kupindura mubvunzo pamusoro pezvitatiso zvechiso kana kuti chimiro chechiso kana kuti kurukurirano. Zviiwo zvinoedza kusimbisa. [5]
Makambani anopawo mikana yokuwedzera kudzidza. Vadzidzisi vanogona kuita maakaundi ekirasi anotevera nyanzvi dzebumbiro remitemo, vezvenhau, uye masangano ehurumende, vachipa zvokudya zvezviri mukati meboka rehurumende. Vadzidzi vanganzvera zvikamu zvamahofisi zvazvino uno kuti vaone kana zviito zvavo zvichiwirirana nezvinodikanwa zvemhiko. Chokwadika, nzira iyi inoda nhungamiro yokungwarira kuvimbisa vadzidzi kuti vasiyane pakati pemanyuko ane chiremera uye mashoko asina kururama. Unyanzvi dzekunyora nokunyora mashoko dzechiMedia dzinova dzinokosha mune iyi, uye vadzidzi vanogona kudzidzisa zvakajeka vadzidzi kuyera kutendwa kwemashoko paIndaneti pamusoro pePHwestericineity uye mabumbiro emitemo.
Mirangariro Yokuenzanisa: Prezidhendi Oath in Global Context
Nepo mhiko yapurezidhendi weUnited States yakasiana murudungwe rwayo rwebumbiro remitemo, kuiisa mugadziriro yakaenzanisirwa inokwevera nzwisiso yavadzidzi yehurumende yedemokrase. Nyika zhinji dzinoda misoro yavo yehurumende kuita mhiko kana kuti kuita ziviso yakakomba pakutora basa. . . . Purezidhendi weFrance anopika ku [[[FLT:]" remekedza uye dzivirira murairo nomutemo. [FLT] izvi zvinozivisa simba rokuzvitonga rorudzi nomugariro wakasiana.[FLT] . Hurumbiso rwechindia runogona kusimbisa mipimo yakasiana-tsika yavanhu, uye vamwe vanhu.[FLT]
Nzvero yokuenzanisa inosimbisawo chinosiana pamusoro pomutoo weAmerica. Chipikirwa cheU.U.S. hachidudzi kuvimbika kurudzi, vanhu, kana kuti pfungwa ipi neipi, bedzi kuBumbiro remitemo. Ikoku kunoratidzira kusavimba kukuru kwesimba rakamanikidzirwa uye chisarudzo chavo chokuita Bumbiro remitemo, panzvimbo pomunhu upi noupi kana kuti boka, manyuko makuru echiremera. Mukupesana, mademocracy anobatanidza mutauro pamusoro pokubatira vanhu kana kuti mipimo yedemokrase, kuratidzira rwisano yavo chaiyo yenhau inorwisana nesimba rehurumende kana kuti ushati. Nokunzvera iyi misiyano, vadzidzi vanowana nzwisiso yakajeka yenzira yeizvo gadziriro yemitemo inoratidzira zvinhu zvenyika yenyika nezvinoitika. [[FLT: 0] projective projective [FFFFF1]
Mugumo: Muhara soRugwaro Rupenyu
Chipikirwa chapurezidhendi chebasa chinopfuura zvikuru kufadza kwomutemo. Chitsigiso chebumbiro remitemo, musengwa wepamutemo, uye chishandiso chetsika chezvinokosha zvikuru. Apo chinobatanidzwa nokufunga muzvidzidzo zvehurumende, chinobetsera vadzidzi kunzwisisa chimiro chehurumende yeAmerica, kunzwisisa kudzorwa kwomutemo, uye kunzwisisa mitoro yenhungamiro. Kupfurikidza nokuverenga pedyo, kunzvera, uye kuchinjika kwegiredhi, vadzidzi vanogona kuita kuti mhiko yacho ive inokosha kuvadzidzi panhambo dzose dzekubudirira. Zvinetso zvezvamatongerwe enyika uye mipimo isina kukodzera inoshamisa, zvikurukuru apo vadzidzisi vane mibato yakakwirira netsigiro yenyanzvi. Sezvo direcracyism inotarisana nedzvinyiriro itsva nekusakoshaidzikano yedzidzo yenzanga inoshanda hazvisati zvatongova zvikuru. Purezidhesi weruwa, anopa mifungo yakananga mirangariro yakanangana, uye mipimo yakananga nokuda kwetsika yakananga nokuda kwekuva vagari vemo, uye vagari vemoridzi vanotevera, vanoziva kutendeka, uye vachazo.
Pakupedzisira, kudzidzisa mhiko kuisa musengwa mukutsidzirazve mamiriro ezvinhu ehurumende. Vadzidzi vanonzwisisa zvazvinoreva ku chengetera, kudzivirira nokudzivirira Bumbiro reMitemo" vakashongedzerwa zviri nani kuyera zviito zvevakuru vakuru, kuisa vatungamiriri mudariro, uye kutora rutivi rune revo muupenyu hwehurumende. Vanoziva kuti mhiko yacho haisi mashoko anotaurwa chete makore mana oga oga asi chipikirwa chinopfuurira chinoumba tsika yorudzi. Nokuita mhiko chinhu chikuru chedzidzo yehurumende, zvikoro zvinogona kubetsera kuti chipikirwa ichi chigare kwenguva refu kusvikira kumarudzi anouya.