Sumo: Simba Rokuchinja Rokupa Nhaka

Nokuda kwamasangano asingapinduri mhindu, kurondwa kwenguva yemberi yemari inochengeteka kazhinji kazhinji kunotsamira pamibato inopfuura yegore negore kana kuti mari imwe. Chibvumirano kupa [ — pane dzimwe nguva kunonzi kupa kwakarongwa — kunomirira imwe yenzizi dzinobetsera zvikurusa nedzinogara. Iyi mipiro, yakarongwa kupfurikidza nezvido, ruvimbiko, mazita eakaundi yemishonire, kana kuti miraudzo youpenyu, inogonesa vatsigiri vavo kutambanudza makumbo avo epiro yemipiki kupfuura ndurango yavo. Nepo kuyerera kwapa mari yapapo nepokugara nguva dzose kusingabviri kupfupi. Iyi miuyo inowedzerwa nokuda kwezvirongwa zvisingapindurwi, mari yose inobva pakuvakwa kupfurikidza nokuvaka kupfuurira kwemari.

Bva masangano akawanda ari pasi pekupa mapurogiramu agara nhaka, achiarangarira seakaoma, akarongeka, kana kuti akachengeterwa purofiti huru. Chaizvoizvo, zvipo zvakarongwa zvinosvikwa kusangano ripi neripi rinodisa kudzidzisa vapi nokuita kuti muitiro wacho uve wakapfava. Kunzwisisa vanamakanika, betsero, uye zvirongwa zvinotsigira kupa nhaka zvinokosha zvinokosha nokuda kwomutungamiriri upi noupi asingadi kugadzira zvivako zvinotsigisa, zvemari zvinoda kupfuudza chizvarwa.

Kunzwisisa Kupa Nhaka: Tsananguro Nemifungo

pamutemo kupa inonongedzera kumupiro upi noupi worupo unorongwa mukati menduramo yomupi asi unozadzikwa pashure porufu rwake kana kuti kupfuura nhambo yamakore akawanda. Chimiro chinozivikanwa zvikurusa ndi quest[ — gadziriro mugadziriro inosiya chinhu chaicho, chikamu chenzvimbo, kana kuti chiyero chinenge chapera kuimwe kana kuti zvimwe purofiti. Zvisinei, rondedzero yawedzera kubatanidza chiverengero chakafara chezvishandiso zvemari zvakarongwa.

Kunokosha kusiyanisa kupa kwakabva munhaka ne zvipo kana kuti mipiro yegore negore. Kunyange zvazvo chipo chikuru chingava cheki imwe huru yakanyorwa nhasi, chipo chamakombo anokosha musengwa ungasaitwa kwemakumi emakore. Kunonoka kwenguva kunotanga zvose zviri zviviri zvinetso nemikana. Zvipo zvisina kufanira zvinofanira kudzora ukama hwenguva refu nomupi, kuva nechokwadi chezvinyorwa zvakarurama, uye kazhinji kazhinji kudzidzisa vapi vepamutemo nevezvomari.

Chimwe chinhu chinokosha kupa kwakarongwa [, iro riri boka rakafara rinobatanidza nhaka zvipo pamwe chete nezvipo zvenduramo zvinobatanidza kuronga mari — zvakadai sechaunga chasara, chipo chomutsa, kana kuti mazita emari inobhadharwa. Mukushandisa, mashoko anowanzoshandiswa nenzira yakasiana, asi kupa nhaka nenzira yakananga kunoreva chipo chinova chinoshanda parufu.

Zvipo Zvinopiwa Nenhaka Zvaiwanzoitwa

  • Bhequests mukuda kana kuti chivimbo chipenyu: Chimiro chakapfava zvikuru uye chakakurumbira zvikurusa. Vapi vanogona kupa chitsama chakati, chinhu chaicho (zvakadai senzvimbo kana kuti sungi), chikamu muzana chenzvimbo, kana kuti zvakasara pashure pemimwe mitero yakaitwa.
  • Mazita eBeneficiary: Vapi vemari vanodudza mubhadharo usingagamuchiri semugamuchiri weakaundi yepenjeni (IRA, 401(k), 403(b), miraudzo youpenyu, kana kuti akaundi yebhangi. Iyi inguva zhinji iri nzira inotanhamariswa yemitero, sezvo zvinhu zvomudyandigere zvinobhadharwa zvikuru kana zvichisiiwa kuvanhu vamwe navamwe.
  • Haviko dzakasara (CRT): Mupi anopinza zvinhu muchapupu chinozviripira mari (kana kuti mumwe mugamuchiri) kwenhambo yamakore kana kuti youpenyu. Pashure paikoko, zvinhu zvakasara zvinoenda kusingapinduri.
  • Accounting vitation dzomutobvu: Kuvimba kunobhadhara mari kuchiverengero chisina purofiti chakagadzwa chamakore, pashure pezvisakiso zvichidzokera kumhuri yomupi. Ikoku kunogona kuderedza nzvimbo nemitero yezvipo.
  • [ Zvikamu zvoupenyu zvakaiswa: Mupi anotamisa musha kana kuti purazi kumari isingabetseri asi anochengeta maruramiro okugaramo kwoupenyu. Mupi anogamuchira mari inobviswa yomutsa nokuda kwechitsama chasara.

Betsero Dzinokosha Dzokupa Nhaka Nokuda Kwezvisingabetseri

Nokuda kwoutano hwemari hwesangano, mazano mashomanene anokwikwidzana nesimba repurogiramu yenhaka yakasanorongwa yokupa.

Kubudirira Kwemari Nokushandiswa Kwemari Kunodeya Kutaurwa

Mukusafanana nemari inotambirwa pagore inochinja neupfumi, zvipo zvakagara zviripo zvinogovera purogiramu yakatsiga uye inofanotaurwa yedzimbahwe renguva yemberi. Kunyange zvazvo nguva chaiyo yechipo chimwe nechimwe isina chokwadi, mashoko ezvirongwa anobvumira kusaita mibayiro kuyera zvakafanira ukoshi hwezvipo zvenyika muprobate. Masangano ane gadziriro yokupa yakura inogona kutsamira pa10/30% yemibayiro yawo yegore negore inobva kumitero nemimwe motokari inogara nhaka. Iyi gadziridzo inogonesa kuronga nguva refu yokuronga zvirongwa zvemari, zvirongwa zvemarogiramu, uye kukura.

Uyezve, zvipo zvakagara nhaka kazhinji kazhinji hazviganhurirwi kana kuti hazviganhurirwi, zvichipa utungamiriri kuchinjika kuti hutsigire uko kushaiwa kwacho kuri kukurusa. $50 000 inogona kutanga nhano itsva youtano yenzanga, kuvaka tsigiro yechigarire yedzidzo younyanzvi, kana kuti kugovera mari inowirirana inodikanwa kutsigira chipo chikuru chehurumende.

Kushandiswa Kwezvinhu Zvakagadzirwa Nguva Refu

Kopi yakasimba yezvipo zvinononoka inobvumira sangano kufunga mumakumi amakore, kwete makore okufara. Inogona kupa ushamwari hwegore [, kuhaya vashandi vakuru vane chivimbo, uye kuisa mari mugadziriro dzedzidzo — kubva kumiitiro yakagadziridzwa kusvikira kuzvivako zvitsva — izvo zvingava zvisingabviri pakupa gore negore zvoga. Nokuda kwamayunivhesiti, zvipatara, uye mamiziyamu, zvipo zvakagara nhaka zvakatsigira nenzira yenhau mipimo iyo yakagonesa kunzvera nyika, kuvandudza, uye kuchengetedza tsika.

Kuvaka Zvivako uye Kutapura Kwechigarire

Zvipo zvakawanda zvakagara nhaka zvinosarudzwa kumari yesangano . Kuwana mari inoshandiswa pakuchengetedza mari inoshandiswa gore rimwe nerimwe. Chipo ichocho chinogona kubudisa mari inenge $40,0000,000 [Z $1650 000] gore negore (pamwero wemari inokwana 4-55%) kuti itsigire mabasa, nokusingaperi. Mune zana remakore, chipo ichocho chingagona kubudisa mamiriyoni anoverengeka emadhora mukutsigira nokupfuudza. Chipo chimwe chete chinogona kupa mari inotambirwa mari inokwana $40,000 [Z $550 000] pagore (panenge 4 /50 000%) gore negore kuti chitsigire basa, nokusingaperi. Chipo ichocho chingagona kubudisa hwerengero yemadhora emadhora anoverengeka muteshi apo mukuru anoramba ichikura.

Kukura kwemiuyo kupfurikidza nokupa nhaka chiratidzo chezvisingapinduri zvemari zvinosimba. Somuenzaniso, masangano akafanana ne Nature Conservancy ne Dare Rokuponesa [[[FLT:]] rakavaka migove mikuru zvikurukuru kupfurikidza nezvipo zvakarongwa, richivabvumira kumira mberi kwemibato inoderera yemari uye kupfuuridzira basa rokutsoropodza.

Ukama Hwakadzama Nezvisungo Zvenzanga

Vapi vemisengwa yagara nhaka vari kuita mashoko akadzama pamusoro penzvimbo yesangano munhau yavo youpenyu. Vari kuti, “Ichi chisakiso chinokosha zvikuru kwandiri zvokuti ndinoda kuti mipimo yangu ive ipenyu.” Chisungo ichocho chemirangariro kazhinji kazhinji chinotungamirira ku chibvumirano chakasimba mukati menduramo yomupi [. Vapi venhaka vane bviro huru yokuwedzera kupa kwegore negore, kuzvipira, kubatira pamabhodhi, uye mutsigiri wesangano. Vanova rutivi rwenzanga yavose — kazhinji kazhinji vanozivikanwa se[[FLT:]] . [[FLT]]

Kubatsira Vari Kupa: Nei Vachisarudza Kupa Nhaka

Kunzwisisa vavariro yokupa kunokosha nokuda kwechirongwa chipi nechipi chisingabudiriri chokuwedzera purogiramu yacho yakarongwa yokupa.

Tsika uye Kubatsira Kusingaperi

Pamwoyo payo, kupa kwainogara nhaka kuri pamusoro pemipimo . Vapi vazhinji vane musengwa mukuru, unotsungirira kuchinhu — ungave uri garikano yemhuka, dzidzo, mhoteredzo, kana kuti ushumiri hworudzidziso. Chipo chagara nhaka chinovimbisa kuti mipimo yavo inopfuurira kuita musiano kunyange pashure pokunge vaenda. Nokuda kwavapi ava, gutsikano yokuita nhaka inogarisa kazhinji kazhinji inokunda sundo ipi neipi yemari.

Mitero Nebetsero Dzemari

Nepo mutsa uri mutyairi mukuru, betsero yomutero yakarongwa yekupa inogona kuva yakakura. Kutsamira pachimiro chechipo, vapi vangafarikanya:

  • [[[KROM:0] Mari inobviswa yesambundi yomutero: Zvikwereti zvenhaka zvinobhadharwa zvizere kubva kunzvimbo yapaunda, kuderedza kana kuti kubvisa mitero yenzvimbo nokuda kwezvivako zvikuru.
  • Kubhadharwa mutero: Zvipo zvakati zvenduramo zvakarongwa (mutomo, kuchengetesa kwasara, kupa zvipo) zvinogovera chitsama chemari inobhadharwa yapakarepo nokuda kwomutengo wazvino wemhindu yasara.
  • [[[FLT: 0] Kuwana mutero weCapital:[[FLT: 1] Kupa mari inoongwa yemo kana kuti nzvimbo inobvumira mupi kudzivisa kuwana mari yemari yemari ndokugamuchira chitsama chemari nokuda kwomutengo wakakwana wemusika.
  • IRA yakakwaniriswa kugovera (QCDs): Vapi vemari vane makore 702 kana kuti kupfuura vanogona kuendesa zvakananga $150 000 kubva kuIRA yeyamuro yemari yakasununguka, inogutsa kugoverwa kuduku kunodikanwa pasina chikwereti chemari yomutero. Nepo chisati chiri chipo chenhaka pagore, ichi chinowanzobatanidzwa namazita anobhadharwa nokuda kweakaundi yependindi.

Nokuda kwavapi vane zvinhu zvinokosha, kushanda nomupi wemari kuronga chipo chenhaka kunogona kuva kwakanakisisa kuvadyi venhaka yavo sezvakwakaita nokuda kwerupo. Maturusi akafanana Rukudzo rwasara runogona kugovera mari nokuda kwoupenyu apo pakupedzisira kubetsera purofiti, nokudaro kuwana zvose zviri zviviri nharidzano dzepinduriro nedzemari.

Kupfava uye Kupfava

Vapi vakawanda vanoshamiswa nokuziva kuti zviri nyore sei kupa chipo chenhaka. Chirongwa chenhaka chenhaka, fomu rinozopiwa nomunhu anenge arega basa, kana kuti mutongo mumwe chete mugwaro rokuchengetesa zvinogona kuita chinangwa chikuru chokupa zvipo. Masangano anopa mirayiridzo yakajeka, yomutauro wakapfava uye mitauro inopa nhaka zvinobvisa zvipingamupinyi uye zvinoita kuti muitiro wacho unzwe uchikwanisa kutarisirwa.

Kuvaka Purogiramu Yokupa Nhaka Inobudirira

Kutanga purogiramu yokupa yakagara nhaka hakudi kuronga mari yakawanda kana kuti vashandi vakazvitsaurira vegweta. Kunoda vavariro, dzidzo, uye kuvaka ukama kwenguva dzose. Heano matanho anokosha.

Nhano 1: Vatungamiriri Vakachengeteka Vanotenga Mumutezo uye Vanyengeri

Purogiramu inobudirira inoda kutsigirwa nedare uye mutungamiriri mukuru. Inenge mutezo mumwe wevashandi — kunyange munhu wenhambo yenguva — unofanira kuva nepurogiramu. Mibayiro yakawanda inorovha mukuru mukuru anopa [ akarongerwa] kana kuti kurovedza nyanzvi iripo kuti idzidzire zvipo zvakagara zviripo. Kunobetserawo kuva nomutezo webhodhi kana kuti mupi wezvipo uyo ari ruvimbiko negweta kana kuti mumiriri wezvemari anoda kupa unyanzvi.

Danho 2: Ziva Vapi Vezvirongwa Vanotarisira Kuvapo

Haasi mutsigiri ari wose anobvira mupi wenhaka. Isa ngwariro paavo vakaratidza ruvimbiko rwapanguva refu: vapi vane makore 10+ okupa nhau, vazvipiri vane zvisungo zvikuru, uye vanhu vanopfuura makore 65 vakachengeteka mune zvemari. Vazhinji vakaronga kupa mahofisi vainzverawo mashoko akadai sezera, avhareji yezvipo, uye ukuru hwekuonana. Kugadzira chiwindi chinopiwa chinenge chiri dangariro yavanhu 50-200 ipfundo chairoicho.

Danho 3: Tungamidza Zvinhu Zvinodzidzisa uye Zvokushambadza

Vapi vakawanda havazivi kuti vangaita sei kana vatadza kuita purofiti vanofanira kugadzira zvinhu zviri nyore, zvakajeka zvinotsanangura marudzi akasiyana - siyana ezvipo, kubatsira, uye kugadziridzwa kwezvipo zvacho.

  • Brochures nepfupiso dzepeji imwe (chikamu nechinyorwa)
  • “ Planned Giving” kana kuti “Legional Giving” papeji yepawebsite
  • Majeri edzidzo kana kuti misangano ine gweta rinouya kana kuti murongi wezvemari
  • Nyaya dziri mumapepa enhau dzinosimbisa vapi chaivo vane nhaka chaiyo (nemvumo)

[[NHAU] Nyaya yeNonprofit PROfit pamusoro pokupa kwakarongwa nokuda kwamasangano maduku inopa mibayiro inoshanda yokutengesa nokuda kwezvitoro zviduku.

Nhano 4: Ipa Utariri Hwakazvimirira

Vashandi vakabatanidza sangano rako mugadziriro yavo yenzvimbo vanofanira kuzivikanwa nokuchengetwa. Kuumba Sosaiti yeLegitacy kana kuti Nhaka yenhaka — nerugwaro, pini, uye zvinoitika zvakagarwa — zvinovaka nzanga. Mutariri anofanira kuva ari kupfuurira, kwete kuonga kwenguva imwe. Kuziva nguva dzose pamusoro petapuro yekupa kwavo upenyu, pamwe nokuonana kwomunhu oga kubva kumupurisa wekubudirira, kunofanira kuita kuti ukama hurambe huri hupenyu.

Nhano 5: Tevedzera Ubvunze

Zvisinei, kutsvakurudza kunoratidza kuti zvipo zvakawanda zvakarongwa mugumisiro wekokero yakananga. Mubvunzo wakapfava, wokuremekedza — “Ungarangarira kubatanidza [Kubatanidzwa] mukuda kwako kana kuti chivimbo here? ” — kazhinji ndiyo yose inodikanwa. Nguva yakanakisisa yokubvunza ndeyokuti ukama hwakasimba hwatangwa, kazhinji kazhinji apo mupi anenge aita chipo chinokosha chegore negore kana kuti ataura pamusoro penguva yemberi refu yesangano racho.

Kukurira Zvinetso Zvinozivikanwa Navose Mukupa Nhaka

Gadziriro dzokupa mapurogiramu dzinotarisana nemhinganidzo dzechienzi. Chinozivikanwa zvikurusa ndi kunonoka kupfuvura pakati pechibvumirano nokuziva . Sangano ringakudziridza ndaza ye 200 mitezo yagara nhaka yenzanga asi richigamuchira bedzi 3-5 regovers pagore. Ikoku kunogona kudzoresa utungamiriri hwokusashivirira nemitezo yeboka inoda kudzorwa nokukurumidza. Chigadzikiso ndechokudzora kariro kupfurikidza nokunyora zviratidzo zvinotungamirira — nhamba yemitezo yenhaka yenzanga, nhamba yezviratidzo zvezvipo zvinogamuchirwa, uye ukoshi hwomunguva yemberi hunorongwa — panzvimbo pokungoziva bedzi.

Imwe denho ndi mumigariro kana kuti ukama. Mupi angafamba, kuchinja kuda kwavo, kana kuti kuva asina simba asati aita musengwa wavo. Kuchengeta ruremekedzo, kunopfuurira kuderedza bviro yokuchinja kunobvisa sangano rako. Dzimwe mhindu dzinokumbira tsamba isingabvumirwi yedonzo panzvimbo pokutsamira bedzi pachido, icho chinodzokororwa nomutemo panguva ipi neipi.

Nhatsa nebumbiro remitemo zvinogona kuvawo mhinganidzo. MuUnited States, mitemo yehurumende inosiana pamusoro pokuuraya, kuchengetesa, uye mitemo yokubetsera. Kubatirana negweta rokuronga nzvimbo rakakodzera (hakusi hazvo pavashandi, asi iripo nokuda kwokubvunza) kuchenjera. [[FLT:] mapeji okupa rupo [[[FLT:]]

Kutarisira Kutarisira Zvipo Nokushandira Pamwe

Kana nhaka yangowanwa bedzi, kusawana purofiti kunofanira kugovera chipo nenzira yakafanira. Ikoku kunobatanidza kugamuchira chinhu (chikwerete, masheya, nzvimbo, zvichingodaro), kuchiita kuti chive chakabatana nevavariro yomupi, uye kuchibvuma nenzira yakafanira. Nokuda kwezvinhu zvisingakarirwi kana kuti zvechienzi — zvakadai sefariro yebhizimisi, kodzero dzezvicherwa, kana kuti kuunganidzwa — kazhinji kazhinji kwakanakisisa kuva nomuitiro wokugamuchira chipo chakanyorwa munzvimbo. Muitiro unofanira kuisa mukuwirirana nezvichadavirwa neisingagamuchiriki, uye muitiro wokuyera nokubvisa zvinhu zvisiri zvechikashi.

Kuyera Kubatsira Kunoita Kupa Nhaka

Kuti ururamise kuiswa kwemari mupurogiramu inopa nhaka, zvisingapinduri zvinofanira kuyera migumisiro. Zviratidzo zvokutanga (KPIS) zvinosanganisira:

  • Nhamba yemitezo yenhaka yenzanga (inoshanda uye inosimbiswa)
  • Mari yenhaka yakawanwa [ (kash yataiwanwa kubva kunzvimbo)
  • Ukoshi hwenguva yemberi hwezvipo zvakatsikirirwa [ (zvinobva pafungidziro dzakagoverwa kana kuti zvikarakadzo zvemichina)
  • Mwero wekuzivisa (kuti vapi vazhinji vanoziva sangano nezvevavariro yavo)
  • [ Mwero wokuchinja kubva kukariro kuenda kunhaka yomutezo wenzanga

Kunobetserawo kuronda kuyeuka nokuwedzera mwero pakati pavapi vane nhaka nedzisiri vabereki. Masangano akawanda anowana kuti vapi vane nhaka vanopa 50-100% gore negore kupfuura shamwari dzavo dzisati dzava vatsoropodzi, kuita kuti purogiramu ive inokosha kunyange pamberi pokunge ipiwa nhaka ipi neipi yavapo.

Mienzaniso Chaiyoiyo Yenyika Yokupa Nhaka Huru

Masangano asingaverengeki akaumbwa zvikurukuru nezvipo zvakagara nhaka. American Red Cross inowana tsigiro huru kubva kumanhaka gore rimwe nerimwe, ayo anotsigira kuyamura njodzi namabasa eropa. Masangano maduku omunzvimbomo anobetserwawo: bhangi rezvokudya renzanga ringagamuchira nhaka yeimba ine mwero iyo, kana ikatengeswa, inogovera dzimbahwe rakakwana kutenga rori ine firiji uye nzira dzokuparadzira nadzo.

Mumwe muenzaniso unokosha ndiro Purogiramu yeNotre Dame, uko zvipo zvamanhaka zvakapa makoreji ose nenzvimbo dzokunzvera. Kupa kweyunivhesiti [ inorangarira kuva mupimo wendarama, kunogovera magirabhuroko, anoedza, uye kurukurirano dzomunhu oga — zvose zvinoita kuti muitiro ujeke uye mupi weshamwari.

Mugumisiro: Nhaka Yokuchengetedza

Kupa nhaka haisi nzirawo zvayo yokuisa mari; inzira inovaka nayo masangano anokwanisa kubatira nzanga kwezvizvarwa nezvizvarwa.

Kutanga nokuziva vatsigiri vako vawakaroorana navo, kuvadzidzisa kusarudza, uye kugadzira purogiramu yokuziva iri nyore. Nokufamba kwenguva, nhanho duku idzodzo dzichawedzera kuva simba rine simba rokutsigira — kuva nechokwadi chokuti chisakiso chaunorwira nhasi chichapfuurira kubudirira kwenguva refu munguva yemberi.