Hwaro Hwoutongi Hwomunzvimbomo

Sarudzo dzomunzvimbomo dzinosarudza kuti ndiani ane maruramiro ehurumende dzemo, voruwa, uye muUnited States nenyika yose. Nepo sarudzo dzorudzi kazhinji kazhinji dzichidzora shambidziko yezvinobudisa nhau, zvisarudzo zvinoitwa munzvimbo yomunzvimbomo zvine tapuro yakananga neyapakarepo paupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwavagari. Kuvambira pamugariro wokunwa mvura kusvikira kumugariro wemapaki enharaunda, vakuru vakuru vomunzvimbomo vanosarudzwa vanoumba mhoteredzo umo vanhu vanorarama, basa, uye kurera mhuri. Kunzwisisa tapuro yezvisarudzo zvomunzvimbomo pamabasa enzanga nokukura kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anoda kupesvedzera nguva yemberi yetaundi ravo rokumusha.

Vhoti iri yose murusarudzo rwomunzvimbomo inotakura uremu husingaenzaniswi nevhoti mumakwikwi enyika. Mumativi akawanda, isingasviki 15% yavavhoti vakakodzera muvhoti yeparatisi mukusarudzo (mukuwirirana nePurtland Audisplaitorior’s Office). Iyi nhambo yakaderera inoreva kuti boka duku, rinopikirwa ravagari vemo rinogona kusarudza muuyo uye, somuuyo, nhungamiro yekukura kwenzanga kwamakore anouya.

Kuumba Kunoita Masangano Enzanga Kunoitwa Nokushongedza

Masangano enzanga ndiwo musimboti wesangano rinoshanda. Masangano aya anosanganisira kuunganidza marara, kugadziridza migwagwa, kurapa mvura, maraibhurari avose, uye mapurogiramu enzanga. Sarudzo dzinosarudza kuti mabasa aya anobhadharwa sei, anoiswa sei, uye anoiswa sei. Zvikamu zvinotevera zvinoongorora nzvimbo dzinokosha dzokushandira dzinonyanya kukanganiswa nesarudzo.

Kuwana Utano Hwavose Nezvoutano

Vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa vomunzvimbomo vanotarisira madhipatimendi outano hwavanhu vose, makiriniki enzanga, uye mabhodhi ezvipatara.Ivo vanosarudza mabhajeti nokuda kwepurogiramu dzokudzivirira hosha, mabasa outano hwendangariro, uye kurapwa zvisina kufanira kwemirimo. Somuenzaniso, dare reguta rinogona kugovera mari yokuvaka nzanga itsva youtano munharaunda yakavakwa kana kuti kuderedza mari inotsigirwa nokuda kwemibato yezvoutano yokubereka. Izvi zvisarudzo zvinotapura zvakananga miuyo youtano nokuda kwezviuru zvavagari vemo.

Mukati medenda reCHOVAD-19, vakuru vakuru vomunzvimbomo vakava chiso chemhinduro youtano hwavanhu vose, vachisimbisa mirairo yokudzivisa kuvhara kumeso, vachironga majekiseni okuedza, uye vachiparadzira migove yokuedza. Kusarudza kwakaunza vatungamiriri vane migariro youtano yavanhu yakasimba kazhinji kazhinji kwakaguma nedziviriro dzenzanga dzinobudirira zvikuru. Fundo inobva CDC yakaratidza kuti nzanga namadhipati outano omunzvimbomo anotsigirwa nenzira inowirirana yakawana mwero yakaderera yetapukunyuko dzoutano.

  • Kuumba nokuda kweClinics: vamiriri namakambani eruwa vanosarudza pamipiro yemari nokuda kwenzvimbo dzakakwaniriswa nenzvimbo dzeutano nekiriniki dzechinokwirira.
  • Programu dzoutano dzinotsiva:[[FLT: 1] Rwisano, nhimbe dzokudzivirira kufutisa, uye nhano dzokusvuta dzinotsamira paganhuriro dzemari dzomunzvimbomo.
  • [[[NHAU: 0] Utano hwemari: Kuongororwa kwemaresitorendi, kunzvera mvura, uye kutarisirwa kwemhepo zvinotarisirwa namadhipatimendi outano omunzvimbomo akasarudzwa.

Dzidzo Nemabasa Epwere

Sarudzo dzezvikoro zvemunzvimbomo dzine pesvedzero huru parudzi rwedzidzo. Mabhodhi ezvikoro anogadza mipimo yedzidzo, anobvumira zvibvumirano zvomudzidzisi, uye mari inogoverwa pakati pezvikoro. Zvinosarudzawo pakuvandudza kukuru zvakadai sezvivako zvitsva kana kuti ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu. Mudzimwe nyika, mitezo yedare yechikoro inosarudzwa yakaparadzana nematare eguta, zvichiita kuti izvi kusarudza zvive zvinotonyanya kutsoropodza mhuri.

Kupfuura dzidzo, hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinowanira mari raibhurari, mapurogiramu echikoro chechikoro, uye nzvimbo dzokurovedza mabasa. Dare reguta rinoisa dzidzo yedzidzo yapakuvamba youhwana richashandisa nhano dzokudzidza, mapurogiramu edzidzo, uye nhandaro dzepwere. Nenzira inopesana, dare rinonangidzirwa pakuderedza mitero ringaderedza kupiwa kwemari nokuda kweidzi purogiramu, kukudziridza mukana wevadzidzi vakaderera vanowanwa.

  • Mabhajeti: Chitsama chemari yemari yemari kuzvikoro zvimwe nezvimwe chinogoverwa navakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa.
  • [[[FURT:0] Zvisarudzo zveCurricuum: Mabhodhi echikoro aidzidziswa achitendera mabhuku nezviri mukati, achipesvedzera izvo vadzidzi vanodzidza.
  • Programu dzepwere: Purogiramu dzebasa dzechirimo, masangano emitambo, uye zvirongwa zvokupa mazano zvinotsamira pamigumisiro yesarudzo yomunzvimbomo.

Kuchengeteka Kwavose Nemabasa Okukurumidzira

Mapurisa, madhipatimendi ezvokudzima moto, uye mabasa okurapa anokurumidzira anotsigirwa uye anotungamirirwa nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo. Mameya nematare eguta anoronga mari yokushandisa nokuda kwokuchengetwa kwemitemo, kutema mwero yevashandi, uye kuita mitemo yokushandisa simba, makamera, uye mapurisa enzanga. Sarudzo yegweta reruwa rinofambira mberi inogona kuchinja zvinhu zvokutanga kubva pakusungwa kuenda pakugadziriswa, nepo vadzorerwe vetsika vangaita kuti vatonge mitongo yakaoma zvikuru uye kuwedzerwa kwemibato.

Madhipatimendi okudzimisa moto anotsamirawo pakutsigira mari yomunzvimbomo nokuda kwemidziyo, rovedzo, uye nzvimbo dzechiteshi. Mumasabhabhu anokura nokukurumidza, vavhoti vangabvumira matanho okuvaka zvisungo zvokudzima mwoto mutsva. Mukuderera kwenharaunda dzomumaruwa, kushaikwa kwemari yemari yomunzvimbomo kunogona kutungamirira kumhinduro refu nemipiro yeinishuwarenzi yakakwirira. A 20211 kubva kuNational Fire Protection Association National Protection Association [[FLT: 1] yakawana kuti mapato azvipiriso zvinozvipira munzvimbo dzine chibvumirano chakaderera zvinobatira kazhinji kazhinji kupinza nokuchengeta vashandi.

  • Tsitsi dzeMatanho okutanga: Sarudzo dzomunharaunda dzinosarudza kana kuisa mari muzvikwata zvechinetso choutano kana kuti kuwedzera mapurisa enguva dzose.
  • Kudzivirira kwakaipa: Tsvenendations nokuda kwezviteshi zvitsva zvomwoto zvinotapura zvakananga miraudzo yeinishuwarenzi neukoshi hwezvinhu.
  • Disaster Clinings: Njere dzekuronga nguva yenhamo nokuda kwemafashamo, kudengenyeka kwapasi, uye madutu dzinoiswa namakomidhi enyika.

Dzidzo Nekufambira Mberi Kwemari

Sarudzo dzenzvimbo dzinochinja zvinhu chaizvo uye upfumi hwenzanga.Zvisarudzo pamusoro pemigwagwa, mabhiriji, kufambiswa kwevanhu, kuiswa mvura, uye kusungirwa mumvura zvinoitwa nevakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa.

Zvokufambisa Nemigwagwa

Madare eguta namasangano eruwa anobvumira gadziriro dzamakambani ezvifambiso uye anogovera mari nokuda kwokugadziridza mugwagwa, migwagwa mitsva, migwagwa yebhasikoro, uye kukura kwezvifambiso zvavose. Meya anoisa nhevedzano yekotsekano yemotokari anogona kushandisa matanho anoderedza tsaona. Komishinaridzo pamusoro porwendo rwemotokari ingakudziridza migwagwa pandyiko yokufamba. Vatambi kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji vanosarudza pamitero yokutenga zvokufambisa zvavose, sezvinoonwa mumaguta saDenver neSeattle, apo nhano dzezvirongwa zvemotokari dzakaita zvokufambisa dzakaita kuti dzive nhevedzano yezvitima zvinofambisa zvinorembera.

Vakuru vakuru vanorovedzwa vanopesvedzerawo kutenderwa kwezvikamu zvitsva nezvifambiso zvebhizimisi, izvo zvinogadzira motokari uye zvinoda nhevedzano yezvirongwa. Mitemo yokukura yakangwara iyo inopa ngwariro mukukura pedyo napanzvimbo dzinofambiswa inotsamira pachido chezvamatongerwe enyika chavatungamiriri vomunzvimbomo. Nzvero yakaitwa ne Smart Growing America [[[FLT]] yakawana kuti nzanga dzine tsinhirano huru yezvokufambisa dzakawana kugona kuenzana kuenzana kumabasa namabasa.

  • Kugadziridza: Zvirongwa zvepaburi nokudzosa zvinosarudzwa netsananguro dzeguta dzinotenderwa namakurukota.
  • [[FLT :0] Transitus:[[FLT]] Nzira dzeBus, kudzorwa, uye zvivako zvinoiswa nezviremera zvokufambisa zvine mitezo yeboka inosarudzwa kazhinji kazhinji.
  • Active Transport: Kugadzirwa kwenjanji, kuiswa kwebhasikoro, uye mibatanidzwa yenzira dzinotsamira pautungamiriri hwomunharaunda.

Masangano Okuchenesa Mvura

Mvura yakachena yokunwa nokurapa mvura inoraswa zvinoshanda hazvibviri kunzanga ipi neipi. Maruwa emvura emo nezvinoiswa mumanisiparati zvinodzorwa namasangano akasarudzwa kana kuti madare eguta. Ava vakuru vakuru vanogadza mwero, vanotendera zvirongwa zvegadziriro senzvimbo itsva dzokurapa, uye vanoita zvisarudzo pamusoro pemitemo yokuchengetedza mvura. Munzanga dzinotarisana nemvura kana kuti kushatiswa, sarudzo dzomunzvimbomo dzinogona kusarudza kumhanya nokubudirira kwemhinduro. Dambudziko reFlint rinosimbisa kuti kundikano yomunzvimbomo inogona sei kutungamirira kungwavaira kumigumisiro youtano hwavose.

Kukura Kwemari Nechisiko Chamabasa

Sarudzo dzomunzvimbomo dzinoumba mugariro webhizimisi kupfurikidza nevavariro dzemitero, nzvimbo dzamabasa, uye gadziriro dzokuvandudza mabasa. Vane simba nemitezo yedare vanoshanda namasangano ebudiriro yemari kukwezva vashandirwi vatsva. Vanogona kupa mitero yemari yezvinhu, kubvumira miitiro, uye kuisa mari mubhizimisi muvatambi vebhizimisi. Nenzira inopesana, vanogona kuisa mitemo inodzosa maindasitiri akati kana kuti kuraira mibhadharo yakakwirira. Muuyo wedzinza remeyameyamhizha unowanzoratidzira kumabhizimisi kana nzanga yakazarukira kukura kana kuti kuganhurira kukuru.

Sarudzo dzomunzvimbomo dzinosarudzawo mari inopiwa nokuda kwenzvimbo dzokurovedza basa, zvikwereti zvebhizimisi zviduku, uye zvirongwa zvebhizimisi. Mumaguta ane mibato yamabasa yakasimba, mwero yourovha inowanzova yakaderera uye mibayiro yezvinobudisa nhau yakakwirira. Mushumo unobva ku Brookings Institution[ unosimbisa kuti hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinopinza mari nokukurumidza mudzimbahwe ravanhu dzinova nebudiriro nokukurumidza dzinova nebudiriro yemari pashure pekuderera kwemari.

  • Umboo hwebhizimisi: Vakuru vakuru vanobvumira kuputsika kwomutero kunyengedza vashandirwi vakuru, vakadai senzvimbo dzemichina kana kuti nzvimbo dzokugadzira zvinhu.
  • Rovedzo yokushanda: Mari yepakoreji yenzanga nepurogiramu dzokudzidzira dzinotsamira pazvisarudzo zvemari yomunzvimbomo.
  • Svincis yeBusinesi diki: Marezenisi, kunzvera, uye mapurogiramu echikwereti zvinopiwa namasangano omunzvimbomo anozvidavirira kuvatungamiriri vakasarudzwa.

Kuronga Mutaundi, Dzimba, uye Kushandiswa Kwenyika

Sarudzo dzomunzvimbomo dzinotapura zvakananga nzira iyo nzanga inokura nayo mumuviri. Mitemo yokuvaka, mitemo yokuvaka, uye kushandiswa kwenzvimbo inoumbwa nokugadziriswa namasangano akasarudzwa okuronga kana kuti matare eguta. izvi zvisarudzo zvinosarudza kana imba itsva yakavakirwa, kana nharaunda dzichiramba dzichibvira, uye kuti nzvimbo yakasvibira zvakadini inochengetwa.

Mitemo Yokushongedza uye Dzimba Dzisingadhuri

Zoning inosarudza chinogona kuvakwa apo -- misha yemhuri imwe, zvivako zvefurati, nzvimbo dzezvokutengeserana, kana kuti nzvimbo dzamabasa okugadzira zvinhu. Vakuru vakuru vakapiwa vanogona kukwidza nzvimbo dzeUnion kuti vabvumire dzimba dzakakora, kudzika kuti vachengetedze magariro akaderera, kana kuti kugadzira maruwa akavharwa nokuda kwamadonzo chaiwo akafanana nenhau. Munjodzi yazvino ino inovakwa nedzimba, kusarudza kwazova nzvimbo dzehondo pamusoro pokubvumira nzvimbo dzokugara, kuderedza zvinodikanwa zvokupaka motokari, kana kuti kubvumira zvirongwa zvokuvaka dzimba dzinobvira.

Nzanga idzo dzinosarudza vanotora vada kupfuvura kazhinji kazhinji dzinoona wedzero mugovero redzimba, idzo dzinogona kudzikamisa kurenda nokufamba kwenguva. Nzanga dzinotungamirirwa navakuru vakuru vanoshora kukura kutsva dzingatarisana nemitengo yapamba yakakwirira nokubviswa kwavagari. Fundo 2022 kubva ku Urban Project yakawana kuti utungamiriri hwezvamatongerwe enyika hwomunharaunda hwakanga huri humwe hwemiuyo mikurusa.

Mapaki Avose Nenzvimbo Yakavhurika

Mabhajeti epaki, kuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo itsva, uye marudungwe okugadziridza anosarudzwa navakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa. Vasarudzo venharaunda dzinosarudza kana nzanga dzichishandisa nzvimbo dzokutambira, minda yenzanga, minda yenzanga, uye mikoto. Kusvika kunzvimbo yegirini yakasvibira kwakabatanidzwa kukuvandudzwa kwoutano hwendangariro, basa rokurovedza muviri rakawedzerwa, uye mipimo yenhumbi yakakwirira. Gara remo remorecha yemapaki rinogona kuchinja guta recorncreth reox kuti rive nzvimbo inosimudzi wezviwanikwa mumaguta.

Kubatanidzwa Kwezviyo Nechinodzosera Zvokudya Zvazvo

Utano hwemabasa enzanga uye kukura kwakabatana nokutora rutivi mukuvhota musarudzo dzomunzvimbomo. Kana kuvhota kwakwirira, vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa vanomiririra zvikuru chiverengero chavagari vemo uye vanogamuchira zvikuru zvinodikanwa zvakasiyana- siyana. Apo kushandwa kunenge kwakaderera, fariro chaidzoidzo dzakafanana nedzivaki, masangano ebhizimisi. Izvi zvinoparira kudzorwa kwemiuyo: nzanga dzinovhota dzinowana mabasa ari nani, izvo zvinokurudzira kuvhota kwakawanda, nepo nzanga dzinoona kuderera uye kupfuurira kushata.

Sarudzo zhinji dzomunzvimbomo dzinoitwa mumakore asingazivikanwi kana kuti pamisi yenjiri, iyo inodzorwa nemhepo. Mitemo yakasunda sarudzo dzomunzvimbomo kuti dziwirirane nesarudzo dzorudzi yakaona wedzero inoshamisa mukutora rutivi. Somuenzaniso, apo maguta eCalifornia akabatanidza misi yawo yokusarudza nehurumende huru, kuvhura kwakapetwa kana kuti kwakapetwa nakatatu mumimwe miganhu. Vanzveri pa [FLT: 0] Charitables [[[[FLT: 1]] vakawana kuti bhiriodha rendi rekodziro, uye kuvhotera kwapakuvamba kusimudzirawo ruvaradziko rwomunzvimbomo.

Kuongorora Zvirwere: Kuchinja Chaiko Kwenyika Kwezvisarudzo Zvomunzvimbomo

Kusarudzwa Kwedare reChikoro muNashville

Muna 2020, sarudzo yedare rechikoro cheNashville yakaona mwero yevanoda kuhwina zvigaro vanofambira mberi, yakasundwa nokuronga kwenzanga panhau dzezvitendero.Mukati mamakore maviri, dare rakawedzera kutsigira mari nokuda kwepurogiramu dzevadzidzi vemutauro wechiNgezi, kukudza mapurogiramu ezvokudya zvemasikati zvapachena, uye kugamuchira zvirongwa zvitsva izvo zvakabatanidza nhau yomunzvimbomo. Chinjo yakavandudzwa zvakananga pakati pevadzidzi vanotama uye vanosvika pasi, ichiratidza kuti nhambo imwe yesarudzo yomunzvimbomo inogona sei kuchinja miuyo yedzidzo nokuda kwechizvarwa.

Kusarudzwa kweDare reGuta muPortland, Maine

Portland, Maine, yakaita nhangemutange yemasangano eguta yakakwikwidzwa zvikuru muna 2021 yakananga pakukwanisa kuwanikwa kwedzimba. Mumwedzi 18, dare rakaita mutemo unobvumira duplexes netutatutis munharaunda dzakaganhurirwa kare kumisha yemhuri imwe, ichibvumira kusvika kumapaundi mana pedyo nepombi dzedzimba. Hotera inovamba kuwedzerwa ne 40%, uye vanobudisa nhau vakarenda vadzikamiswa kwenguva yokutanga mumakore mashanu. Iyi nhau inoratidzira kuti kusarudza kwomunzvimbomo kunogona sei kuisa ngwariro zvakananga kumisha yemhuri inoganhurirwa kupfurikidza nechinjo.

Kusarudzwa kweCommission muMecklenburg County, North Carolina

Pashure pekuvhota 2020, voruzhinji vatsva pakomupiyuta yeruwa muMecklenburg County (nharaunda yeCharlotte) vakatsinhana mari kubva mukufutunuka kwejeri kusvikira kumasangano outano hwendangariro anotsigirwa nenzanga. Vakagovera $15 mamirioni nokuda kwezvikwata zvokudzoresa njodzi namapoka okupindura anotakurika. Mumakore maviri akatevera, nyika yacho yakaona kuderera 25% mukusungwa kwavanhu vane chirwere chendangariro nekamuri rakaderera rakamirira nguva. Ichi chisarudzo chakachinja kurongwa kwedzokororo yedzose dziri mbiri dzemhosva nerevoko dzoutano munharaunda yacho.

Kubatsira Kungaita Vagari Vemo Kufambira Mberi

Kutora rutivi kwokushingaira musarudzo yomunzvimbomo inzira yakananga zvikurusa yokuti vagari vaunzi vaumbe nguva yavo yemberi. Asi kuvhota inhano yokutanga bedzi. Vagari vanogona kupinda misangano yedare, kubatira paminamasangano okuronga, kutaura mukati menhambo dzetsinhiro dzavose, uye kumhanyira nzvimbo dzokushandira. Zvigaro zvehurumende zvomunzvimbomo zvakadai somutezo weboka rechikoro, mutungamiriri weguta, kana kuti mutungamiriri weruwa kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji inhambo yenguva uye inowanika kuvasiri vagari vemo. Nzanga dzakawanda dzinewo nharaunda dzine mabhodhi ezvokuronga maguta.

Kushandisa mari yakashandiswa mumaguta akadai seNew York neChicago, kunobvumira vavhoti kuti varonge zvakananga imwe yemari yeguta kuti vaishandise pakuita mamwe mabasa. Izvi zvinoita kuti vagari vemo vawedzere kuvimba nehurumende asi zvichienderana nezvavanokoshesa.

mhedziso

Sarudzo dzomunzvimbomo hadzisati dzichingovawo muitiro muduku wezvamatongerwe enyika; iwo muitiro mukuru unosarudza kunaka kwamabasa enzanga nemuitiro wokubudirira. Kuvambira pakungwarira kwoutano nedzidzo kusvikira kumigwagwa, pokugara, uye chengeteko yavose, rutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu hwezuva nezuva runoumbwa naavo vanogara padare reguta, dare rechikoro, kana kuti dare reruwa. Vasarudzo iri yose inoumba iyi batano inosimbiswa kupinda mumubato wehurumende yedemocracy uye kuraira kuzvidavirira kuvamiririri vavo. Ufakazi hwakajeka hwakajeka: Kucheuka kukurusa muzvisaru zvomunzvimbomo kunotungamirira kuutano hwakanaka, hunowirirana zvikuru, uye nzanga dzakabudirira zvikuru. Sarudzo iri mukana wokuvaka nguva yemberi iri nani, imwe panguva imwe chete.