Kubatsira Kunoita Mafungiro Evanhu Vokune Dzimwe Nyika Pakuderedza Kubatsira

Munzanga dzehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, mitemo yeyamuro yokunze haiwanzoitwa murusarudzo. Nepo nyanzvi dzezvounyanzvi nokubudirira zvakavakirwa pafariro dzenzvimbo nenzvero dzezvemari, simba rine simba rinowanzoumba miganhu yezvinobvira mune zvematongerwe enyika: inzwi ravanhu. Murangariro wavose, kana uchienzaniswa nemashoko okunzvera, anoratidzirwa muvhota, kana kuti kuwedzerwa namapoka ezvidzidzo, anoita basa rinokosha uye dzimwe nguva rinosarudzwa mukusarudza kuyamura rudzi runopiwa uye kuna ani. Kunzwisisa uku kubatanidzwa kwezvinodiwa pakati pezvinodiwa nevagari vemo nehurumende kunokosha kuti vanzwisise kuti kufambira mberi kwenyika yose kunogoverwa sei munguva yazvino. Nyaya inonzvera nzira dzinobatsira vanhu vokune dzimwe nyika, kuongorora mienzaniso chaiyo, uye kurangarira zvinetso zvinomuka apo pfungwa dzinovapo mugadziriro dzinooneka nehurumende dzinotevedzerwa zvikuru munzvimbo iyi.

Kurondedzera Yamuro Yokumwe: Kupfuura Kungotumirwawo Zvakwo

Yamuro yokunze, inozivikanwawo seOfficial Development Arevition (ODA), inobatanidza kusimudzirwa kwakafara kwezvishandiso kubva kuhurumende dzinopa kuenda kunyika dzinogamuchira. Madonzo azvo akasiana zvakaenzana, anobatanidza kuyamura kwomutsa, kusimukira kwezvemari, zvirongwa zvedzidzo negadziriro dzoutano, uye tsigiro nokuda kwekudzora kwehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehondo. Kunzwisisa ukuru hweyamuro yokumwe kuri madikanwa pamberi pokunzvera kuti murangariro wavose unoiumba sei.

Marudzi Ebetsero Yokumwe

  • [ Aid:[ Betsero yakananga ichibva kunyika imwe kuenda kune imwe, inowanzobatanidzwa neukama hwenhau. Somuenzaniso, United States inogovera yamuro inokosha yaIsraeri neEgipita yakavakirwa pazvibvumirano zvakagara kwenguva refu zvokuchengeteka.
  • Multialidaal Aid: Mipiro kumasangano amarudzi ose akadai seUnited Nations, World Bank, kana kuti mabhangi ezvekubudirira enharaunda, ayo ipapo anoparadzira mari yakavakirwa pamipimo yawo amene. Ikoku kunobvumira nyika dzinopa kuunganidza zviwanikwa ndokugoverana mutoro wezvinetso zvenyika yose.
  • Ruyamuro rwavanhu: Ruyamuro rwekurumidziro runopiwa mukupindura ngwavaira dzomusikirwo, rwisano, kana kuti nzara. Iri boka rinowanzofarikanya tsigiro yavose yakafara zvikurusa nemhaka yorudzi rwaro runoponesa upenyu.
  • Rutsigiro rwechikwata neChivako choUmbozha: Kuchinja, rovedzo, uye ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakanangidzirwa kusimbisa masangano uye dzimbahwe ravanhu munyika dzinogamuchira.

Mwero weyamuro yenyika yose yokumwe wakakura. Mukuwirirana neSangano reEconomic Co-operation and Development (OECD), hwerengedzo yeODA inobva kunyika dziri mitezo yeDevelopment Affect Committee (DAC) yakasvika paanenge mabhiriyoni $2022, yakasundwa murutivi netsigiro yakawedzerwa yeUkraine nemhinduro dzenhenda ( CD ODA MABA).

Michina Yokupesvedzera: Kuumba Kunoita Vagari Vomunyika Miitiro Yezvinoyamura

Ukama huri pakati pemaonero evanhu uye maitiro okuyamura okune dzimwe nyika hahuna kujeka.

Kudzvinyirirwa uye Kuzvidavirira

Muhurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu, vakuru vakuru vanosarudzwa vanofanira pakupedzisira kutarisana navavhoti. Apo yamuro yokumwe inova nhau yechisarudzo chamajere, vezvamatongerwe enyika vanopinzwa mukuwirirana kwemiitiro yavo nemirangariro yavose yakapararira. Ikoku ndokwechokwadi zvikurukuru munyika umo panikiro pamusoro pebetsero dzokumwe dzinodzika. Somuenzaniso, muUnited States, umo nzvero dzinoramba dzichiratidza kuti vagari vemo vanonyanyonyanyonyanyokoshesa chiverengero chemari yehurumende yakatsaurirwa yamuro yokumwe nyika (kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kacho kuifungidzira kuva 20% kana kuti kupfuura, apo inenge iri chaizvoizvo munenge 1%), vezvamatongerwe enyika vanowanzova nebvumirano zvokucheka nokushandisazve zvinodikanwa zvomumba. Vheziro rinoparira kubatanidzwa kune simba, kana pane dzimwe nguva zvisina kunaka, gadziriro yavose yeyamuitiro yenhungamiro.

Kugadzira Mabharaki Neagenda

Kubudisa nhau kunoita basa rinokosha mukuumba kuti vanhu vanoona sei yamuro yokunze. Kana nhau dzichisimbisa mabasa okubudirira anobudirira kana kuti kukurudzira nhau dzinofadza vanhu, kutsigira vanhu kunowedzera. Ukuwo, kufukidzwa kwouori, tsvina, kana yamuro idzo dzinotsigira nokusaziva hurumende dzinodzvinyirira dzinogona kukanganisa tsigiro nokukurumidza. PUSA YACNN [[ inorondedzera chinhu chinonyanya kuzivikanwa nenhau dzinovakisa vanhu, zvakadai senjodzi yevapoteri muIraq kana kuti kudengenyeka kwenyika kweHaiti kwa1999, inoita kuti dzvinyiriro yavose ipedziswe nokukurumidza. Munhambo dzino, pfungwa, dzinoreverwa pachena kupfurikidza nokunyora zvinonzwika zvemirangariro nezvinonzwika zvendangariro, zvinogona kuvamba muitiro uye kukurumidza kubudisa chiito.

Mapoka Anofarira, NGOS, uye Nhimbe Dzourongwa Hwokuvaka

Masangano asiri ehurumende namapoka okusasarura anobatira senhevedzo pakati pavose navaiti vemitemo. Masangano akafanana ne VETURT Campaign, Oxfam, uye Vanachiremba Vasina Madanho Vanopinda mudzidzo yavose uye kugadzirira nhamburiko dzakarongedzerwa kuvaka tsigiro nokuda kwezvirongwa zvakati zvokuyamura. Anoitawo kukurudzira zvakananga vakuru vakuru vehurumende. Apo aya mapoka anobudirira kuratidzira kuyamura kwokumwe sechinodikanwa chetsika kana kuti nhau yefariro yenyika, anogona kuchinja zvose zviri zviviri murangariro wavose nomutemo. Magirasroot, akadai seboka rejubilei 2000 reyamu yeyamuro, anoratidzira kuti kugona sei kutungamirira pachena chinjo huru, kubatanidza kubviswa kwemabhiriyoni emadhora ane mabhiriyoni emadhora munyika ichiri kubudirira.

Kutsiva uye Kutonga Kwakananga Kwoutongi Hwose

Mune dzimwe nyika, vagari vemo vane inzwi rakananga zvikuru mumiitiro yeyamuro kupfurikidza nokutanga nhano dzeyamuro. Nepo isingawanzoitiki, iyi miitiro inogona kugovera chiratidzo chakajeka chezvisarudzo zvavose. Somuenzaniso, muSwitzerland, umo hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu iri hwaro hwetsika yezvamatongerwe enyika, vavhoti vakayera nhau dzakananga dzokuyamura, dzakadai semipiro kumasangano amarudzi ose kana kuti bhajeti yemibatanidzwa yekubudirira. Idzi vhoti dzinogombedzera kurwisana kwakananga pakati pezvido zvakakurumbira nezvisarudzo zvakatanhamara, padzimwe nguva dzinotungamirira kumiuyo inoshamisa vakuru vakuru vehurumende vehurumende.

Kuyera Maonero Anoitwa Vanhu Nevanhu Vasiri Vako: Zvatinoziva

Kuongorora pfungwa dzevanhu kunoda kuunganidzwa kwakarongwa. Nzvero dzakawanda nenzvero dzedzidzo zvakaongorora zvinhu zvinoumba mafungiro evagari vemo pamusoro peyamuro yokumwe. Zviwanwa zvinokosha kubva mukutsvakurudza uku zvinosanganisira:

  • Mispects of From: Mhiri kwenyika dzeOECD, vagari vemo nenzira ikarongwa vanonyanyonyanyoona kuti hurumende yavo inopambadza marii payamuro yokumwe. MuUnited States, avhareji inofungidzira iri 31% yebhajeti yehurumende, nepo nhamba chaiyo iri pa1%. Musiyano uyu pakati pemaonere nezvimiro zvetsika, sezvinodavirwa vagari vemo vanodavira kuti kutengwa kunonyanyodiwa.
  • [ Nzvero dzeDomestic Focus: nguva dzose dzinoratidza kuti vagari vemo vanoisa nhevedzano yenhau dzomumba dzakadai serezvoutano, dzidzo, uye zvinhu zvinokosha payamuro dzokunze. Pavanokumbirwa kusarudza, vanhu vazhinjisa vanoda kupedzera pamba.
  • [ Chirevo cheIve: Pasinei zvapo nokupanikira pamusoro pebetsero yokubudirira kwenguva refu, yamuro yomutsa nokuda kwengwavaira dzomusikirwo nemigariro inokurumidzira zvinoraira tsigiro yavose yakasimba mumativi ose epfungwa. Vanhu vanodisa zvikuru kubetsera apo vanoona chinodikanwa chapakarepo navanyajambwa vakajeka.
  • Zvinoda kuziva: Vanhu vanowanzotsigira yamuro yakabatana nemigariro, yakadai sezvinodikanwa zvokudzora kwakanaka, mipimo yokudzivisa uori, kana kuti batira pamwe panhau dzakafanana nokudzora kutama.
  • Parisan Divisions: Munyika dzakawanda dzinopa, pfungwa yezvamatongerwe enyika chiratidzo chakasimba chezvimiro zvendangariro zvokuyamura. Kubva kune vanhu vanoshuva kuva vanotsigira zvikuru betsero dzokunze, nepo vanhu vanodzorwa vanoramba vachipanikira zvikuru, vachiirangarira seyakaipa kana kuti isingabetseri.

Kuongorora Nyaya: Kuratidza Maonero Anoita Vanhu

Kuongorora nyika dzakati kunoratidza kuti maitiro okupesvedzera vanhu anoita sei mune zvematongerwe enyika zvakasiyana - siyana.

United States: Ukama Hune Ruzha Neyamuro

United States ndiyo mupi mukurusa wenyika, bva ukama hwayo neyamuro yokumwe hwakaumbwa neyamuro huru yavose. Sezvacherekedzwa, vaAmerica vanowana zvikuru yamuro yakakwirira, uye iyi mirangariro isina kururama inotsigira tsigiro nokuda kwemitengo. Zvisinei, apo vapanguro vanopa mashoko akarurama pamusoro pe1% chaiyo yemari, tsigiro yokuchengeta kana kuti kunyange yamuro inowedzera. Kutanga kwapamukana kuti [[FL:0] pfungwa dzavose dzakanaka kupfuura pfungwa dzechipfuro chenyika. . Dare reU., rinogamuchira zvikuru mirangariro yeIdzodzodzo kupfurikidza nemhesano dzemari inopfumba. Kutanga, sokurangarira kwaparesa kwechipfuvuriro kwechipfupi.

United Kingdom: 0,7% Kuzvipira Nokutsiva Kwako

United Kingdom yakanga iri mutsigiri mukuru wedavi renyika yose rokupedzera 0.7% yeGross National Incomending (GNI) payamuro yokumwe. Kwamakore, kubvumirana kwemichinjikwa kwakatsigira ichi chipfuro, uye murangariro wavose, nepo isina kubatanidzwa zvikuru, haina kuishora. Zvisinei, dzvinyiriro dzemari dzinotevera njodzi yemari ya2008 nerevo yeCHOVAD yakachinja nzvimbo yezvamatongerwe enyika. Hurumende, yakatarisana neyamutemedzero yemari yokubetsera yaidikanwa kudzora mari yavose. Vatsoropotedzi vakatema zvakadudzwa zvinangwa zvebudiriro yenhambo refu yenguva nemukurumbira weUK. Kurangarira kuti murangariro weyamuro mukurusaidzo panzvimbo yehurumende inotongerwa kupfurikidza nokupikiswa kwehurumende.

Nyika dzechiNordic: Yakatsigira Vanhu

Nyika dzechiNordic dzinogara dziri pakati pevapi vane rupo zvikurusa pakati peGDP yeSweden, Norway, uye Denmark dzakasangana kana kuti kupfuura chipfuro cha 0,7%. Murangariro wavose munyika idzi unoratidzika kuva wakanaka zvikuru kuyamuro yokumwe kupfuura mumamwe marudzi mazhinji anopiwa. Idzi dzinonzi nezvikonzero zvinoverengeka: tsika yakasimba yechinzwano chenzanga neyamarudzi ose, nhimbe dzedzidzo yavose dzinobudirira kupfurikidza namasangano ebudiriro neNGO, uye mwero yakaderera zvikuru yenhema pamusoro pokushandiswa kweyamuro. Chinobhurokwa chinoratidzira kuti bhizimisi rapachena mukubudirira kwedzidzo inogona kuita nhambo yakanaka [[FLT] , apo hurumende dzinoziviswa uye dzinobetsera vanhu kuchengetedza mitoo inopazwa zvikuru pamusoro penguva refu.

Zvinetso uye Kusava Nezvakawanda Zvinoitwa Nevanhu

Kunyange zvazvo pasina mubvunzo kuti maonero anoita vanhu zvinhu, kutsigira kwaanoita rubatsiro rwokune dzimwe nyika kune zvinetso.

Chinetso Chokusaziva Nezvinodiwa Zvisina Kurongwa

Murangariro wavose wakangofanana bedzi namashoko akavakirwa paari. sezvinoratidza chiitiko cheU.S., mifungo yakapararira pamusoro pemari yokubetsera inogona kutungamirira kumiitiro inosakafanira inoiswa muzvinhu chaizvoizvo. Uyezve, nokuda kwavagari vazhinjisa, yamuro yokumwe inhau yakaderera kana ichienzaniswa namabasa, tarisiro youtano, kana kuti dzidzo. Ikoku kunoreva kuti mirangariro inowanzova isina kutsiga uye inodzorwa nyore nyore nyore nezviteshi zvenhau kana kuti kutaura kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Hurumende dzinotarisana nedenho yokudzidzisa vanhu pasina kuonekwa sevanoparadzira mashoko.

Kusawirirana Pakati Pechido Chevanhu Vakawanda Nezvinangwa Zvakanaka

yamuro yokunze inowanzoshandiswa kuwana zvinangwa zvirefu zvenhambo dzakati, zvakadai sokuvaka mibatanidzwa, kusimudzira dzikamo munharaunda dzinochinja, kana kuti kugadzirisa zvinetso zvenyika yose zvakadai sokuchinja mamiriro okunze nokukakavara. Izvi zvinangwa zvingasawirirana nguva dzose nezvinodiwa navanhu kwenguva pfupi, izvo zvinoda kutsigira migumisiro yepakarepo, inooneka. Somuenzaniso, vanhu vangatsigira yamuro yeyamuro yenjodzi asi vasinganyanyi kufarira zvikuru pamusoro pezvirongwa zvokubudirira kwenguva refu munyika dzisina kusimba, kunyange apo zvapashure zvinova zvinokosha zvikuru nokuda kwokutsigadzika kusingaperi. Hurumende dzinofanira kushandisa kuwirirana nemirangariro yavose, kubetsera kutevera kutevera mitoo inowirirana, yakanaka.

Ngozi Yokudzorera Kumashure Kwechipombi

Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, masangano ePpulist munyika dzinoverengeka dzinopa akapanikira ukoshi hweyamuro yokumwe, achiiisa sechitsama chemari yomutero kuvokumwe apo zvinodikanwa zvemhuri zvinoramba zvisina kusiiwa. Uku kutaura kunogona kuva kune simba mune zvamatongerwe enyika, zvikurukuru mukati menhambo dzemari kana kuti kusaenzana kukuru. Apo vatungamiriri vepurulist vanowana simba, vangaderedza bhajeti kana kuti kudzoserazve yamuro yeyamuro yeyamuro yakaganhuriro kana kuti kutengeserana. Ikoku kunoparira ngozi yokuti yamuro yokumwe ive yemist yezvokuchinja zvamatongerwe enyika yomudzimba dzenyika yepamusha , kuderedza kufambidza kufambidza kwapanguva refu.

Kusimbisa Fambano Yavose Neyoruzhinji

Dzichifunga nezvokukosha kwemafungiro evanhu uye zvaasingakwanisi kuita, hurumende nevanotsigira kufambira mberi kungasimbisa sei kubatana kuri pakati pezvinodiwa nevagari vakadzidza uye mitemo yokuyamura inobudirira?

  • Kusimbisa Kukurukurirana Kwavose: Masangano emari anofanira kuisa mukurukurirano yakajeka, inojeka pamusoro pokuti yamuro inoshandiswa sei nemiuyo yainoita. Nhau dzebudiriro, dzinopiwa mumaforecha anowanika, dzinogona kuvaka chivimbo nenhau dzakaipa.
  • [ Kuedza Misipeto: Mashoko ari nyore, echokwadi pamusoro pomwero chaiwoiwo weyamuro inogona kuchinja zvimiro zvendangariro zvavanhu. Dzimwe hurumende dzakaedza kugovera mashoko ebhajeti yakarurama munzvero kana kuti nhimbe dzavose, nemiuyo yakanaka patsigiro.
  • frate Aid seMfarwa inogoveranwa: Panzvimbo pokuvimba bedzi nezvikumbiro zvetsika, vatsigiri vanofanira kusimbisa kuti yamuro yokunze inoshanda sei fariro dzenyika dzinopa, kubatanidza mabanza ezvemari, chengeteko youtano yenyika yose, uye dzvinyiriro yokutama inoderedzwa. Uku kupfumiswa kwemifungo kunogona kufadza vateereri vakawanda.
  • [[FLT: 0] Makiti eEngage Gize Nomurayiro:[[FLT: 1]] Kubatanidzwa, kwakadai sokubvunza ruzhinji, matare evagari vemo, kana kuti nzvimbo dzapaIndaneti nokuda kwokudzorwa kwemari, kunogona kupa vanhu pfungwa yokuva voga pamuitiro weyamuro uye kusimudzira kurangarira kwokuziva zvikuru.

Kutarira Mberi: Mafungiro Avanhu Munyika Inochinja Nokukurumidza

Nyika yeyamuro dzokunze dziri kupesana. Vapi vatsva, vakadai seChina neIndia, vanonetsa nhoroondo dzegamuchidzanwa pamusoro peruyamuro nokubudirira. Zvinetso zvenyika yose zvakadai sokuchinja kwemamiriro okunze nedenda zvinoda chiito chavose pamwero usingaenzaniswi. Panguva imwe cheteyo, mhoteredzo yemashoko iri kuputsika, nezvinobudisa nhau zvichiwedzera mashoko akarurama uye mashoko asina kururama pamusoro peyamuro. Mumashoko ano ano. Kunzwisisa nokufunga kwavose zvichava zvinokosha zvikuru kupfuura nakare kose.

Kune chikonzero chetariro yokungwarira. Nzvero dzinobva mumakore achangobva kupfuura dzinokarakadza kuti zvizvarwa zviduku munyika dzakawanda zvinofunga zvikuru nokutsigira batira pamwe yamarudzi ose. Ipssos Global Citizen nzvero [ uye mishumo inobva kuOveseast Development Institute [ inoratidzira kutsigira kuyamura, nepo kusati kuri mayunifomu, kunoramba kwakasimba. Chinetso cheva chemiitiro ndecho kubatira iyi inobvira kupfurikidza nokuita mhaka yeyamuro yokumwe kupfurikidza nezvinokosha zvavagari vemo nevavakidzako.

Basa revoruzhinji mukuumba gadziriro yeyamuro yokumwe inhau yezvose zviri zviviri zvinomanikidzirwa nemukana. Inodzorwa kupfurikidza nokuisa miganhu pane zvinobvira mune zvematongerwe enyika, zvikurukuru munguva dzenhamo dzomumba. Asi inoparirawo mikana yechiito choushingi apo vagari vemo vanenge vabatanidzwa nokuziviswa. Kuvaka gadziriro yeyamuro yenyika yose inoshanda uye inotsigirwa ichada kwete bedzi unyanzvi hwezvoruzivo rwezvoruzivo rwemibato nekuda zvamatongerwe enyika asiwo kuzvipira ku kurukurirano yematongerwe enyika inobatanidza vagari vemo vemo yetsika dzakaisvonaka nechisarudzo chakafanira icho yamuro yavanobva kunze kwenyika.

Munyika yakabatana, umo migumisiro yokusaenzana uye kusagadzikana zvinoyambuka miganhu, inzwi revoruzhinji richaramba riri chinhu chinokosha munharo iri kuramba ichienderera mberi pamusoro pokuti nyika dzinogoverana sei pfuma yadzo nemitoro.